EP2178911A2 - Rapid acting insulin analogues - Google Patents
Rapid acting insulin analoguesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2178911A2 EP2178911A2 EP08803019A EP08803019A EP2178911A2 EP 2178911 A2 EP2178911 A2 EP 2178911A2 EP 08803019 A EP08803019 A EP 08803019A EP 08803019 A EP08803019 A EP 08803019A EP 2178911 A2 EP2178911 A2 EP 2178911A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulin
- amino acid
- human insulin
- human
- chain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 229940123452 Rapid-acting insulin Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 108010026951 Short-Acting Insulin Proteins 0.000 title description 2
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- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
- C07K14/62—Insulins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Definitions
- the present invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fast acting insulin analogues and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fast acting insulin analogues in mixture with long action insulin analogues.
- Insulin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by ⁇ -cells of the pancreas and consists of two polypeptide chains, A and B, which are linked by two inter-chain disulphide bridges. Furthermore, the A-chain features one intra-chain disulphide bridge.
- the hormone is synthesized as a single-chain precursor of proinsulin (preproinsulin) consisting of a prepeptide of 24 amino acid followed by proinsulin containing 86 amino acids in the configuration: prepeptide B - Arg Arg - C - Lys Arg - A, in which C is a connecting peptide of 31 amino acids.
- Arg-Arg and Lys-Arg are cleavage sites for cleavage of the connecting peptide from the A and B chains to form the two-chain insulin molecule. Insulin is es- sential in maintaining normal metabolic regulation.
- the hormone is secreted as defined hexamers which dissociate by dilution firstly into dimers and secondly into monomers.
- the active hormone is the insulin monomer.
- Destabili- zation of the insulin hexamer and/or the insulin dimer results in fast acting insulins like B28 Asp human insulin which is disclosed in EP 214826.
- the treatment of diabetes both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, relies to an increasing extent on the so-called intensive insulin treatment. According to this regimen, the patients are treated with multiple daily insulin injections comprising one or two daily injections of a long acting insulin to cover the basal insulin requirement supplemented by bolus injections of a fast acting insulin to cover the insulin requirement related to meals.
- WO 2003/094951 discloses mixtures of a fast acting insulin analogue insulin aspart (B28Asp human insulin) and insulin detemir (Lys B29 (N ⁇ -tetradecanoyl) desB30 human insulin).
- B28Asp human insulin insulin analogue insulin aspart
- insulin detemir Lis B29 (N ⁇ -tetradecanoyl) desB30 human insulin.
- mixtures of fast acting and long acting insulin analogues may suffer of a limited mixability resulting in that the fast acting insulin becomes less fast acting and the long acting insulin becomes less long acting. It is the object of the present invention to provide improved fast acting insulins which have improved properties over the known fast acting insulins with respect to mixability with soluble, long acting insulin analogues.
- the present invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues which can form soluble mixtures (pre-mixed or self-mixed) with long acting insulin analogues.
- the fast action is achieved through monomerizing substitutions/deletions in the C-terminus of the B-chain of human insulin and the mixability with long acting insulin analogues is achieved through a substitution of the Zn-binding His in position B10 of human insulin with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser.
- the invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted.
- the invention is related to insulin analogues wherein at least one of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain is substituted with another amino acid residue promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, wherein further the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala or Phe and optionally one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain have been deleted.
- His in position B10 is substituted with lie. In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with VaI. In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with Ala.
- His in position B10 is substituted with Phe. In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with Ser. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or VaI. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or Ala. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or Phe.
- His in position B10 is substituted with either VaI or Phe. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either VaI or Ala. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ala or Phe. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or Ser.
- His in position B10 is substituted with either VaI or Ser.
- His in position B10 is substituted with either Ala or Ser.
- His in position B10 is substituted with either Phe or Ser.
- not more than three of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been substituted with another amino acid residue. The substitutions may be the same or different.
- amino acid in position B22 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B23 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B24 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B25 is substituted with another amino acid residue. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B26 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B27 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B28 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B29 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B30 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acids in position B22 and position B28 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acids in position B22 and position B27 are substituted with another amino acid residue. In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B25 and position B27 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acids in position B25 and position B28 are substituted with another amino acid residue. In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B26 and position B27 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acids in position B26 and position B28 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
- one or more of these amino acid residues may also be deleted.
- the modification in the area of the B-chain from B22-B30 or from B25-B30 may be a combination of one or more substitutions and one or more deletions.
- one amino acid residue is deleted. In another embodiment two amino acid residues are deleted. In one embodiment of the invention one of the amino acid residues in the position B22-
- B30 or B25-B30 has been deleted and two have been substituted with another amino acid residue which may be the same or different.
- one of the amino acid residues in the position B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been deleted and one has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
- two of the amino acid residues in the posi- tion B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been deleted and two have been substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acid in position B30 is deleted.
- amino acid residue in position B29 is deleted.
- amino acid residue in position B28 is deleted. In another embodiment the amino acid residue in position B27 is deleted.
- amino acid residue in position B26 is deleted.
- amino acid residue in position B25 is deleted.
- amino acid residues in position B26 and B30 have deleted.
- amino acid residues in position B25 and B30 have deleted. In another embodiment the amino acid residues in position B27 and B30 have deleted.
- amino acid substitutions in position B22-B30or B25-B30 of are selected from GIu and/or Asp.
- the substitutions may be the same or different.
- amino acid in position B22 is GIu. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B23 is GIu.
- amino acid in position B24 is GIu.
- amino acid in position B25 is GIu.
- amino acid in position B26 is GIu.
- amino acid in position B27 is GIu. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B28 is GIu.
- amino acid in position B29 is GIu.
- amino acid in position B22 is Asp.
- amino acid in position B23 is Asp.
- amino acid in position B24 is Asp. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B25 is Asp.
- amino acid in position B26 is Asp.
- amino acid in position B27 is Asp.
- amino acid in position B28 is Asp
- amino acid in position B29 is Asp.
- Other suitable amino acid residues for substitution of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 are His and Pro. Also B30 may be Lys.
- amino acids in position B26 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B28 has been substituted with another amino acid residue. In one embodiment the amino acids in position B26 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B27 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
- amino acids in position B25 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B28 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
- the amino acids in position B25 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B27 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
- the present invention is related to use of the insulin analogues according to the invention for the treatment of diabetes.
- the present invention is related to a pharmaceutical formulation
- a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the fast acting insulin analogues of the invention and optionally one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotonicity, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
- agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotonicity for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
- the zinc content of the formulations may be between 0 and about 4 zinc atoms per insulin hexamer.
- the present invention is related to a pharmaceutical formulation
- a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a fast acting insulin analogues in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted together with suitable adjuvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
- suitable adjuvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannito
- the invention also provides soluble compositions that are mixtures of a fast acting insulin analogues and long acting insulin analogues or derivative in which the rate of in vivo disappearance of the fast acting insulin analogue and the long acting insulin analogue or de- rivative from the site of injection is the same or substantially the same as when injected in separate compositions.
- the present invention is related to a soluble pharmaceutical formulation
- a fast acting human insulin analogue according to the present invention in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative together with suitable ad- juvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
- suitable ad- juvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
- the zinc content may be between 0 and about 4 zinc atoms per insulin hexamer.
- the pH of the pharmaceutical preparation may be between about 3 and about 8.5, between about 3 and about 5 or between about 6.5 and about 7.5.
- the invention is related to a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a fast acting insulin analogue in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with a lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative together with suitable adjuvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, pres- ervation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
- suitable adjuvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, pres- ervation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol
- the long acting human insulin derivative is an acy- lated derivative of human insulin.
- Acylated insulin derivatives may be such wherein a lipophilic group is attached to the lysine residue in position B29.
- a commercial product is Levemir ® comprising Lys B29 (N ⁇ -tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin (insulin detemir) as the active component.
- long acting insulins are such comprising positively charged amino acids such as Arg attached to the C-terminal end of the B-chain.
- a commercial product is Lantus ® comprising A21 GIy, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin (insulin glargine).
- the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with Lys B29 (N ⁇ - tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin (insulin detemir).
- the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with Lys B29 (N ⁇ -(N- lithocholyl- ⁇ -glutamyl)) des(B30) human insulin.
- the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with N ⁇ B29 -(N ⁇ - (HOOC(CH 2 ) I4 CO)-Y-GIU) des(B30) human insulin.
- the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition com- prising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with A21 Gly, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin (insulin glargine).
- the present invention is related to the use of the fast acting insulin analogues according to the present invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the reducing of blood glucose level in mammalians in particularly for the treatment of diabetes optionally in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative.
- the present invention is related to a method of reducing the blood glucose level in mammalians by administrating a therapeutically active dose of a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention to a patient in need of such treatment optionally in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative.
- Figure 1 shows the equilibrium solubility of an insulin analogue according to the invention A21Gly, B3Gln,B10Ser,desB26,B28Glu,desB30 and insulin glargine (A21 Lys, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin) in individual preparations in pure water.
- B3Q, B10S,DesB26,B28E,- desB30,A21 G is represented by the grey markers and insulin glargine is represented by the black markers.
- the lines connecting the individual measuring points are meant as guidance for the eye
- Figure 2 shows the NUV-CD spectra of an insulin analogue according to the invention A21Gly, B3Gln,B10Ser,desB26,B28Glu,desB30 in the concentration range O.OO ⁇ mM to 1.OmM in pure water, individual concentrations are as noted in the legend.
- the NUV-CD spectrum of B3Q, B10S,DesB26,B28E,-desB30,A21G is constant in the entire measured concentration range indicating that the insulin analogue is monomer from ⁇ M to mM concentrations.
- the insulins according to the present invention are modified at certain positions in the insulin molecule which have an impact on the formation of dimers and hexamers and the insulin analogues according to the present invention are characterized by the possibility of forming soluble mixed formulations (pre-mixed or self-mixed) with long acting insulin analogues. Fast action is achieved through monomerizing substitutions/deletions in the B chain C-terminus and mixability with long acting insulin analogues is achieved through a substitution of the Zn-binding His in position B10 with a hydrophobic amino acid residue.
- Both the B-chain and the A-chain may comprise additional mutations further to the mutations according to the invention as long as the resulting insulin molecule still has the desired properties, that is being fast acting, soluble and mixable with long acting insulin analogues or derivatives to form a soluble mixture without blunting.
- Such further mutations may have a stabilizing effect on either the physical or the chemical stability or both of the modified insulin molecule.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: BI OIIe, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10I, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10I, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10I, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10V, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10V, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10V, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10V, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10A, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10A, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10A, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10A, B25E, desB30 hu- man insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10F, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10F, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10F, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10F, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10S, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10S, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10S, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10S, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10I, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10I, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10I, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10V, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10V, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10V, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10A, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10A, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10A, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10F, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10F, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10F, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10S, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10S, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and BIOS, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10I, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10S, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10S, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10I, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E, desB30,
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of BIOS, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; BI OS, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and BI OS, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, B28E human insulin; B10I, B27E human insulin; B10I, B26E human insulin; and B10I, B25E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, B28E human insulin; B10V, B27E human insulin; B10V, B26E human insulin; and B10V, B25E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, B28E human insulin; B10A, B27E human insu- Nn; B10A, B26E human insulin; and B10A, B25E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, B28E human insulin; B10F, B27E human insulin; B10F, B26E human insulin; and B10F, B25E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, B28E human insulin; B10S, B27E human insulin; B10S, B26E human insulin; and B10S, B25E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, B28E A21G human insulin; 101, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10I, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10I, B25E, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B1 OV, B28E A21 G human insulin; 10V, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10V, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10V, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B1 OA, B28E A21 G human insulin; 10A, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10A, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10A, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, B28E A21G human insulin; 10F, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10F, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10F, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of BIOS, B28E A21 G human insulin; 1OS, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10S, B26E, A21G human insulin; and BIOS, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10I, des B25, B28E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10S, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10S, des B25, B28E human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin, and B10I, des B25, B28E, A21 G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E, A21 G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10S, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10S, des B25, B28E, A21G human insulin.
- the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B3Q, BIOS, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B3Q, BIOS, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B3Q, BI OS, des B26, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin and B3Q, BIOS, des B26, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
- the fast acting insulin analogues according to the invention can be mixed with long acting insulin analogues or derivatives without or substantially without a blunting effect.
- blunting is meant that the activity profile of the fast acting and long acting insulin respectively are changed in the mixture so that the fast acting insulin becomes slower and the long acting insulin becomes faster.
- nu blunting means that when formulated in one formulation both the fast acting insulin and the long acting insulin have a profile of action which is identical or substantially identical to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
- the profile of action of the individual insulins is at least 75% identical to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
- the profile of action of the individual insulins is at least 85% identi- cal to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
- the profile of action of the individual insulins is at least 95% identical to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
- mixtures of the fast acting and long acting insulin where no or substantial no blunting occurs.
- fast acting insulin is meant an insulin having a faster onset of action than normal or regular human insulin
- long acting insulin is meant an insulin having a longer duration of action than normal or regular human insulin.
- acylated insulin derivates One group of long acting insulins are acylated insulin derivates.
- Human insulin has three primary amino groups: the N-terminal group of the A-chain and of the B-chain and the ⁇ -amino group of the lysine residue in position B29.
- Soluble insulin derivatives containing lipophilic substituents linked to the ⁇ -amino group of a lysine residue position B29 are disclosed in e.g. WO 95/07931 and WO 2005/1234.
- the acyl group will be a liphophilic group and will typically be a fatty acid moiety comprising from about 6 to about 32, more typically from 6 to 24, from 8 to 20, from 12 to 20, from 12-16, from 10-16, from 10-20, from 14-18 or from14-16 carbon atoms.
- fatty acids are capric acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid.
- the acyl group may also be derived from a dicarboxylic fatty acid or it may be a lithocholic acid.
- the acyl group may be attached directly to the free amino group in question. However, the acyl group may also be attached via amide bonds by a linker which links the free amino group in the insulin molecule and the acyl group in question together.
- the acylated insulin may have one or two additional negative net charge compared to human insulin.
- the additional negative charge may be provided by a free carboxylic acid group in the fatty acid or by the linker group which may comprise one ore more amino acid residues of which at least one will contain a free carboxylic acid or a group which is negatively charged at neutral pH.
- Non limiting examples of acylated insulin analogues are Lys B29 (N ⁇ -tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin, Lys B29 (N ⁇ -hexadecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin; Lys B29 (N ⁇ - tetradecanoyl) human insulin; Lys B29 (N ⁇ -hexadecanoyl) human insulin; Lys B29 (N ⁇ -(N- hexa- decanoyl- ⁇ -Glu) des(B30) human insulin; Lys B29 (N ⁇ -(N-lithocholyl- ⁇ -Glu)) des(B30) human insulin; Lys B29 (N ⁇ -( ⁇ -carboxyheptadecanoyl)) des(B30) human insulin; Lys B29 (N ⁇ -( ⁇ -carboxy- heptadecanoyl)) human insulin, N ⁇ B29 -(N
- the fast acting insulins are produced by expressing a DNA sequence encoding the single-chain insulin in question in a suitable host cell by well known technique as disclosed in e.g. EP1 ,246,845.
- the insulin is expressed in a transformed host cell as a precursor molecule which is converted into the desired insulin molecule by enzymatic and chemical in vitro processes as disclosed in EP 163,529 and EP 214,826.
- the precursor molecule may be expressed with an N-terminal extension which is later cleaved of as disclosed in EP 1246,845. Examples of N-terminal extensions of the type suitable in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,395,922 and EP patent No. 765,395.
- the insulin precursor product for preparing the long acting, acylated insulin to be mixed with the fast acting insulin according to the invention can be produced by a method ana- logues to the methods described above.
- the insulin precursor can be acylated in the desired position as described e.g. in the EP 214,826, EP 375,437 and EP 383,472.
- Insulin as used herein is meant human insulin having the two chain structure of human insulin with disulfide bridges between Cys A7 and Cys B7 and between Cys A20 and Cys B19 and an internal disulfide bridge between Cys A6 and Cys A11 , porcine insulin and bovine insulin.
- the B-chain refers to the human insulin B-chain with 30 amino acid residues and the A-chain refers to the human insulin A-chain with 21 amino acid residues.
- Both the B-chain and the A-chain in the insulin analogues according to the present invention may comprise additional mutations further to the mutations according to the invention as long as the result- ing insulin molecule still has the desired properties.
- the number of further mutation will typically not be higher that 3 and will more typically be two or one.
- amino acid residue in B1 may be substituted with another amino acid residue such as Asp or GIy or is deleted.
- Asn at position B3 may be mutated with Thr, Lys, GIn, GIu or Asp.
- the B-chain may also comprise an N-terminal extension and B1 may be deleted.
- Asn at position A21 may be mutated with Ala, GIn, GIu, GIy, His, lie, Leu, Met, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr or VaI, in particular with GIy, Ala, Ser, or Thr and preferably with GIy.
- A18 may be mutated with a GIn.
- the A-chain may comprise a C-terminal extension such as A22 and A.23.
- the amino acid residue in position A22 and A22 may be a lysine residue which will give a good solubility in the acid pH range and further stabilizes the molecule against deamidation.
- desB30 or “B(1 -29)” is meant a natural insulin B chain or an analogue thereof lacking the B30 amino acid residue
- A(1 -21) means the natural insulin A chain or an analogue or derivative thereof.
- analogues is meant a molecule with deviates from the natural molecule by one or more amino acid substitutions, additions or deletions and any combination thereof.
- an insulin derivative is meant an insulin molecule having a chemical group attached to one or more of the backbone amino acid residues.
- the numbering of the positions in analogues according to the invention is based on the human insulin molecule.
- B27 is meant the amino acid residue in position B27 in the B chain of human insulin (counted from the N-terminal end)
- AV is meant the amino acid residue in position 1 in the A chain of human insulin (counted from the N-terminal end), respectively. This numbering system is kept even if one or more of the natural amino acid residues have been deleted.
- the insulin analogue named "B10Q, desB25, B28E, des B30 human insulin” will have the C-terminal sequence Thr-Asp-Lys in the B-chain.
- amino acid residues are indicated in the three letter amino acid code or the one letter amino code. Unless indicated explicitly, the amino acids mentioned herein are L-amino acids. Further, the left and right ends of an amino acid sequence of a peptide are, respectively, the N- and C-termini unless otherwise specified.
- monomeric insulin when used herein, refers to human insulin analogs that are less prone to self-association (into dimers and hexamers) than human insulin.
- compositions containing fast acting insulins of this invention optionally in mixture with a long acting insulin analogue or derivative can be used in the treatment of states which are sensitive to insulin. Thus, they can be used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and hyperglycaemia for example as sometimes seen in seriously injured persons and persons who have undergone major surgery.
- the optimal dose level for any patient will de- pend on a variety of factors including the efficacy of the specific insulin analogue or derivative employed, the age, body weight, physical activity, and diet of the patient, on a possible combination with other drugs, and on the severity of the state to be treated. It is recommended that the daily dosage of the insulin analogue or the mixtures of this invention be determined for each individual patient by those skilled in the art in a similar way as for known insulin compositions.
- the pharmaceutical composition of this invention is administered subcutane- ously.
- the composition may also be used in insulin pumps and may be formulated for pulmunal administration.
- the pharmaceutical composition will contain usual adjuvants and additives and are preferably formulated as an aqueous solution.
- the aqueous medium is made isotonic, for example, with sodium chloride, sodium acetate or glycerol. Furthermore, the aqueous medium may contain zinc ions, buffers and preservatives.
- the pH value of the composition is adjusted to the desired value and may be between about 3 to about 8.5, preferably between about 3 and about 5 or about 6.5 and about 7.5 depending on the isoelectric point, pi, of the insulin in question.
- the fast acting insulin analogue and the long acting insulin can be mixed in a ratio of from about 10/90% about 30/70%, or about 50/50%. In one embodiment the molar ratio be- tween the long acting and the fast acting insulin is greater than 2/1.
- the buffer used in the pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, citrate, gly- cylglycine, histidine, glycine, lysine, arginine, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, and tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethan, bicine, tricine, malic acid, succinate, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid or mixtures thereof.
- the isotonicity agent may be selected from the group consisting of a salt (e.g. sodium chloride), a sugar or sugar alcohol, an amino acid or an alditol (e.g. glycerol (glycerine).
- a salt e.g. sodium chloride
- a sugar or sugar alcohol e.g. glycerol (glycerine).
- the use of an isotonic agent in pharmaceutical compositions is well-known to the skilled person.
- the isotonic agent is typically present in a concentration from 1 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml. In a further embodiment the isotonic agent is present in a concentration from 1 mg/ml to 7 mg/ml, from 8 mg/ml to 24 mg/m or from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.
- plasmids are of the C-POT type, similar to those described in EP 171 , 142, which are characterized by containing the Schizosaccharomyces pombe triose phosphate isomerase gene (POT) for the purpose of plasmid selection and stabilization in S. cer- evisiae.
- POT Schizosaccharomyces pombe triose phosphate isomerase gene
- the plasmids also contain the S. cerevisiae triose phosphate isomerase promoter and terminator. These sequences are similar to the corresponding sequences in plasmid pKFN1003 (described in WO 90/100075) as are all sequences except the sequence of the EcoR ⁇ -Xba ⁇ fragment encoding the fusion protein of the leader and the insulin product.
- EcoR ⁇ -Xba ⁇ fragment of pKFN1003 is simply re- placed by an EcoR ⁇ -Xba ⁇ fragment encoding the leader-insulin fusion of interest.
- EcoR ⁇ -Xba ⁇ fragments may be synthesized using synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR according to standard techniques.
- Yeast transformants are prepared by transformation of the host strain S. cerevisiae strain MT663 (MATa/MAT ⁇ pep4-3/pep4-3 HIS4/his4 tpi::LEU2 ⁇ pi::LEU2 Cir + ).
- the yeast strain MT663 was deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkul- turen in connection with filing WO 92/11378 and was given the deposit number DSM 6278.
- YPGaL 1% Bacto yeast extract, 2% Bacto peptone, 2% galactose, 1% lactate
- the suspension is incubated at 30 0 C for 15 minutes, centrifuged and the cells resuspended in 10 ml of a solution containing 1.2 M sorbitol, 10 mM Na 2 EDTA, 0.1 M sodium citrate, pH 0 5.8, and 2 mg No- vozym®234.
- 1 ml of CAS-suspended cells are mixed with approx. 0.1 mg of plasmid DNA and left at room temperature for 15 minutes.
- S. cerevisiae strain MT663 transformed with expression plasmids is grown in YPD for 72 h at 30 0 C.
- the expressed and secreted insulin precursor is isolated by conventional means and converted into the desired insulin analogue according to the invention by conventional in vitro enzymatic conversion as described above.
- Stock solutions of a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention or of a mix- ture of a fast acting insulin analogue and a long acting insulin (insulin glargine) containing either Zn 2+ , phenol and glycerol concentrations close to marketed products or 12OmM NaCI are prepared and the pH is adjusted to the desired value corresponding to the alkaline end- point of the pH-solubility profile. From these stock solutions samples are withdrawn, the pH is adjusted to the desired value in the pH 3-8 range, and 0.3 ml samples are incubated at 23 0 C for at least 4 days.
- the equilibrium solubility vs pH of an insulin analogue of the present invention (insulin aspart may be used as a reference) in pure water or in mixed formulations with the long act- ing insulin are measured and the solubility in non-mixed formulations in water vs. pH of each insulin analogue compared to that of the long acting insulin.
- the solubility in water vs. pH of B3Q, B10S,desB26,B28E,desB30,A21G (represented by the grey markers) and insulin glargine (represented by the black markers) is shown in Fig. 1.
- the lines connecting the individual measuring points are meant as guidance for the eye.
- EXAMPLE 2 The NUV-CD was measured on the insulin analogue B3Q, B10S,desB26,B28E,- desB30,A21 G. The analogue turned out to be monomeric in a concentration up to 1 mM. The results are shown in Fig. 2.
- Size exclusion chromatography is performed essentially as described in Have- lund et al. 2004 Pharmaceutical research, 21 , 1498-1504.
- the chromatographic system is a Superose 6 HR PC 6/30 column (GE healthcare) eluted by tris-buffered isotonic saline (NaCI 140 mM, tris/HCI 10 mM, NaN 3 0,01 %, pH 7,5 at 37°C, injecting 1% of column volume and using a flow of 90 min per column volume and UV detection at 276 nm.
- the references are a stable insulin monomeric insulin X2 (AspB9, GluB27 human insulin, zinc free), a stable hexameric insulin: Co(III) insulin, albumin (HSA), and covalent albumin (formed in solution).
- Assay (II) Insulin receptor binding The affinity of the insulin analogues for the human insulin receptor can be determined by a SPA assay (Scintillation Proximity Assay) microtiterplate antibody capture assay. SPA- PVT antibody-binding beads, anti-mouse reagent (Amersham Biosciences, Cat No.
- PRNQ0017) are mixed with 25 ml of binding buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.8; 100 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM MgSO 4 , 0.025% Tween-20).
- Reagent mix for a single Packard Optiplate (Packard No. 6005190) is composed of 2.4 ⁇ l of a 1 :5000 diluted purified recombinant human insulin receptor - exon 1 1 , an amount of a stock solution of A14 Tyr[125l]-human insulin corresponding to 5000 cpm per 100 ⁇ l of reagent mix, 12 ⁇ l of a 1 : 1000 dilution of F12 antibody, 3 ml of SPA-beads and binding buffer to a total of 12 ml.
- a total of 100 ⁇ l is then added and a dilution series is made from appropriate samples.
- To the dilution series is then added 100 ⁇ l of reagent mix and the samples are incubated for 16 hours while gently shaken. The phases are then separated by centrifugation for 1 min and the plates counted in a Topcoun- ter.
- the binding data are fitted using the nonlinear regression algorithm in the GraphPad Prism 2.01 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).
- the insulin receptor affinity of B3Q, B10S,desB26,B28E,-desB30,A21G was measured to 9.1%.
- Biological potency of insulin analogues, rat free fat cell assay Rats are killed, and the epididymale fat pads removed and placed in degradation buffer. Degradation is carried out at 37 0 C under vigorously shaking for 1 h. The cell suspension is filtrated in order to remove tissue debris, and the adipocytes are washed twice and resuspended in incubation buffer. 0.1 ml cell suspension is incubated at 37 0 C under gentle shaking with 10 ⁇ l glucose solution and 10 ⁇ l insulin or other compound for two hours. The incubation is stopped by adding 150 ⁇ l scintillator and counted.
- the affinity of insulin analogues for the human insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (NGF-1 R) can be determined by a SPA (Scintillation Proximity Assay) microtiter plate antibody capture assay.
- SPA Scintillation Proximity Assay
- Anti-Mouse PVT SPA beads 500 mg, GE Life Sciences # RPNQ0017) are mixed with 25 ml of binding buffer (10OmM HEPES, 10OmM NaCI, 1 OmM MgSO4,
- Reagent mix for a single 96-well microtiter plate (Optiplate-96 Perkin-Elmer # 6005190) is composed of 40 ⁇ l of purified recombinant NGF-1 R (Novo Nord- isk A/S), 12 ⁇ l of a 1 : 16 dilution of monoclonal antibody against hlGF-1 R (clone 24-31 ), 3 ml of SPA beads suspension and binding buffer to a total of 12 ml.
- NMR signals from proteins and peptides in NMR spectra are very sensitive to the local chemical environment. As a result we can use NMR signals to probe for mixability of insulins.
- 15 N labelled desB30 insulin the positions of signals from NH groups in a 1 H- 15 N HSQC NMR spectra are known. Changes in the 1 H- 15 N NMR spectra when mixing 15 N labelled desB30 insulin with an unlabelled analogue can be monitored.
- 1 H- 15 N HSQC NMR spectra of desB30 insulin and a NMR spectrum of desB30 mixed with an analogue are compared.
- Insulin concentrations are 0.2 mM 15 N desB30 and 0.05 mM of the selected insulin analogue.
- a NMR spectrum of 15N desB30 is recorded under identical solvent conditions.
- insulin analogues according to the present invention when tested in this assay are mixable with the desB30 insulin this will indicate that they will also be mixable with insulin detemir having the same amino acid composition in this area of the molecule as desB30 in- sulin except for the added acyl group in B29.
- the NUV-CD (near UV circular dichroism) spectrum in the 350-250 nm range re- fleets the environment of the tyrosine chromophores and is very sensitive to aggregation and is theed with (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid.
- the CD is expressed as ⁇ (M-1 cm-1 ) normalized to the molar concentration of protein in the near-UV range (250-350 nm), and the signal at 276nm vs. concentration is used as a reporter of monomerization. This test will show whether the insulin analogue is predominantly in the monomeric form.
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Abstract
The invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues which can form soluble mixtures (pre-mixed or self-mixed) with long acting insulin analogues. The fast action is achieved through monomerizing substitutions/deletions in the C-terminus of the B-chain of human insulin and the mixability with long acting insulin analogues is achieved through a substitution of the Zn-binding H is in position B10 of human insulin with lie, VaI, Ala or Phe. In one embodiment the invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the H is amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala or Phe and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted.
Description
RAPID ACTING INSULIN ANALOGUES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fast acting insulin analogues and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fast acting insulin analogues in mixture with long action insulin analogues.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by β-cells of the pancreas and consists of two polypeptide chains, A and B, which are linked by two inter-chain disulphide bridges. Furthermore, the A-chain features one intra-chain disulphide bridge. The hormone is synthesized as a single-chain precursor of proinsulin (preproinsulin) consisting of a prepeptide of 24 amino acid followed by proinsulin containing 86 amino acids in the configuration: prepeptide B - Arg Arg - C - Lys Arg - A, in which C is a connecting peptide of 31 amino acids. Arg-Arg and Lys-Arg are cleavage sites for cleavage of the connecting peptide from the A and B chains to form the two-chain insulin molecule. Insulin is es- sential in maintaining normal metabolic regulation.
The hormone is secreted as defined hexamers which dissociate by dilution firstly into dimers and secondly into monomers. The active hormone is the insulin monomer. Destabili- zation of the insulin hexamer and/or the insulin dimer results in fast acting insulins like B28 Asp human insulin which is disclosed in EP 214826. Currently, the treatment of diabetes, both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, relies to an increasing extent on the so-called intensive insulin treatment. According to this regimen, the patients are treated with multiple daily insulin injections comprising one or two daily injections of a long acting insulin to cover the basal insulin requirement supplemented by bolus injections of a fast acting insulin to cover the insulin requirement related to meals. Because diabetic patients are treated with multiple daily injections including protracted insulin supplied with multiple injections of a fast acting insulin, a combination of fast and long acting insulin in one injection will potentially save many injections. WO 2003/094951 discloses mixtures of a fast acting insulin analogue insulin aspart (B28Asp human insulin) and insulin detemir (LysB29 (Nε-tetradecanoyl) desB30 human insulin). However, mixtures of fast acting and long acting insulin analogues may suffer of a limited mixability resulting in that the fast acting insulin becomes less fast acting and the long acting insulin becomes less long acting.
It is the object of the present invention to provide improved fast acting insulins which have improved properties over the known fast acting insulins with respect to mixability with soluble, long acting insulin analogues.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect the present invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues which can form soluble mixtures (pre-mixed or self-mixed) with long acting insulin analogues. The fast action is achieved through monomerizing substitutions/deletions in the C-terminus of the B-chain of human insulin and the mixability with long acting insulin analogues is achieved through a substitution of the Zn-binding His in position B10 of human insulin with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser.
In one embodiment the invention is related to fast acting insulin analogues in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted.
In a further embodiment the invention is related to insulin analogues wherein at least one of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain is substituted with another amino acid residue promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, wherein further the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala or Phe and optionally one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain have been deleted.
In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with lie. In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with VaI. In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with Ala.
In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with Phe. In one embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with Ser. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or VaI. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or Ala. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or Phe.
In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either VaI or Phe. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either VaI or Ala. In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ala or Phe.
In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ne or Ser.
In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either VaI or Ser.
In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Ala or Ser.
In another embodiment His in position B10 is substituted with either Phe or Ser. In one embodiment not more than three of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been substituted with another amino acid residue. The substitutions may be the same or different.
In a further embodiment 1-2 of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 have been substituted with another amino acid residue and in a still further embodiment only one of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 or B25-B30 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In one embodiment the amino acid in position B22 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B23 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B24 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B25 is substituted with another amino acid residue. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B26 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B27 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B28 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B29 is substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B30 is substituted with another amino acid residue. In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B22 and position B28 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B22 and position B27 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B25 and position B27 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B25 and position B28 are substituted with another amino acid residue. In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B26 and position B27 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a further embodiment the amino acids in position B26 and position B28 are substituted with another amino acid residue.
In addition to substituting one or more of the amino acid residues in positions B22-B30 or B25-B30 one or more of these amino acid residues may also be deleted. Thus the modification in the area of the B-chain from B22-B30 or from B25-B30 may be a combination of one or more substitutions and one or more deletions.
In one embodiment one amino acid residue is deleted. In another embodiment two amino acid residues are deleted. In one embodiment of the invention one of the amino acid residues in the position B22-
B30 or B25-B30 has been deleted and two have been substituted with another amino acid residue which may be the same or different.
In another embodiment of the invention one of the amino acid residues in the position B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been deleted and one has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a still further embodiment of the invention two of the amino acid residues in the position B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been deleted and one has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In a still further embodiment of the invention two of the amino acid residues in the posi- tion B22-B30 or B25-B30 have been deleted and two have been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In one embodiment the amino acid in position B30 is deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residue in position B29 is deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residue in position B28 is deleted. In another embodiment the amino acid residue in position B27 is deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residue in position B26 is deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residue in position B25 is deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residues in position B26 and B30 have deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residues in position B25 and B30 have deleted.
In another embodiment the amino acid residues in position B27 and B30 have deleted.
In one embodiment the amino acid substitutions in position B22-B30or B25-B30 of are selected from GIu and/or Asp. The substitutions may be the same or different.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B22 is GIu. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B23 is GIu.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B24 is GIu.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B25 is GIu.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B26 is GIu.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B27 is GIu. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B28 is GIu.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B29 is GIu.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B22 is Asp.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B23 is Asp.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B24 is Asp. In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B25 is Asp.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B26 is Asp.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B27 is Asp.
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B28 is Asp
In a further embodiment the amino acid in position B29 is Asp. Other suitable amino acid residues for substitution of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 are His and Pro. Also B30 may be Lys.
In one embodiment the amino acids in position B26 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B28 has been substituted with another amino acid residue. In one embodiment the amino acids in position B26 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B27 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In another embodiment the amino acids in position B25 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B28 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In another embodiment the amino acids in position B25 and position 30 have been deleted and the amino acid residue in position B27 has been substituted with another amino acid residue.
In another aspect the present invention is related to use of the insulin analogues according to the invention for the treatment of diabetes.
In a further aspect the present invention is related to a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the fast acting insulin analogues of the invention and optionally one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotonicity, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol. The zinc content of the formulations may be between 0 and about 4 zinc atoms per insulin hexamer.
Thus, in one embodiment the present invention is related to a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a fast acting insulin analogues in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted together with suitable adjuvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
The invention also provides soluble compositions that are mixtures of a fast acting insulin analogues and long acting insulin analogues or derivative in which the rate of in vivo disappearance of the fast acting insulin analogue and the long acting insulin analogue or de- rivative from the site of injection is the same or substantially the same as when injected in separate compositions.
Thus in another aspect the present invention is related to a soluble pharmaceutical formulation comprising a fast acting human insulin analogue according to the present invention in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative together with suitable ad- juvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, preservation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
The zinc content may be between 0 and about 4 zinc atoms per insulin hexamer. The pH of the pharmaceutical preparation may be between about 3 and about 8.5, between about 3 and about 5 or between about 6.5 and about 7.5.
In one embodiment the invention is related to a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a fast acting insulin analogue in which at least one of the natural amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain has been substituted with another amino acid residue having the effect of promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, the His amino acid
residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with a lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and wherein further one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 optionally have been deleted in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative together with suitable adjuvants and additives such as one or more agents suitable for stabilization, pres- ervation or isotoni, for example, zinc ions, phenol, cresol, a parabene, sodium chloride, glycerol or mannitol.
In one embodiment of the invention the long acting human insulin derivative is an acy- lated derivative of human insulin. Acylated insulin derivatives may be such wherein a lipophilic group is attached to the lysine residue in position B29. A commercial product is Levemir® comprising LysB29(Nε-tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin (insulin detemir) as the active component.
Other examples of long acting insulins are such comprising positively charged amino acids such as Arg attached to the C-terminal end of the B-chain. A commercial product is Lantus® comprising A21 GIy, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin (insulin glargine). In one embodiment the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with LysB29(Nε- tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin (insulin detemir).
In another embodiment the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with LysB29(Nε-(N- lithocholyl-γ-glutamyl)) des(B30) human insulin.
In a further embodiment the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with NεB29-(Nα- (HOOC(CH2)I4CO)-Y-GIU) des(B30) human insulin.
In a further embodiment the invention is relates to a pharmaceutical composition com- prising a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention in mixture with A21 Gly, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin (insulin glargine).
In a further aspect the present invention is related to the use of the fast acting insulin analogues according to the present invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the reducing of blood glucose level in mammalians in particularly for the treatment of diabetes optionally in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative.
In a further embodiment the present invention is related to a method of reducing the blood glucose level in mammalians by administrating a therapeutically active dose of a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention to a patient in need of such treatment optionally in mixture with a long acting human insulin analogue or derivative.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows the equilibrium solubility of an insulin analogue according to the invention A21Gly, B3Gln,B10Ser,desB26,B28Glu,desB30 and insulin glargine (A21 Lys, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin) in individual preparations in pure water. B3Q, B10S,DesB26,B28E,- desB30,A21 G is represented by the grey markers and insulin glargine is represented by the black markers. The lines connecting the individual measuring points are meant as guidance for the eye
Figure 2 shows the NUV-CD spectra of an insulin analogue according to the invention A21Gly, B3Gln,B10Ser,desB26,B28Glu,desB30 in the concentration range O.OOδmM to 1.OmM in pure water, individual concentrations are as noted in the legend. The NUV-CD spectrum of B3Q, B10S,DesB26,B28E,-desB30,A21G is constant in the entire measured concentration range indicating that the insulin analogue is monomer from μM to mM concentrations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The insulins according to the present invention are modified at certain positions in the insulin molecule which have an impact on the formation of dimers and hexamers and the insulin analogues according to the present invention are characterized by the possibility of forming soluble mixed formulations (pre-mixed or self-mixed) with long acting insulin analogues. Fast action is achieved through monomerizing substitutions/deletions in the B chain C-terminus and mixability with long acting insulin analogues is achieved through a substitution of the Zn-binding His in position B10 with a hydrophobic amino acid residue.
Substitutions of one or more of the amino acid residues in the C-terminal end of the B- chain of human insulin to obtain a monomeric and thus a fast acting insulin analogue are well known from e.g. EP 214826. Both the B-chain and the A-chain may comprise additional mutations further to the mutations according to the invention as long as the resulting insulin molecule still has the desired properties, that is being fast acting, soluble and mixable with long acting insulin analogues or derivatives to form a soluble mixture without blunting. Such further mutations may have a stabilizing effect on either the physical or the chemical stability or both of the modified insulin molecule.
In one embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: BI OIIe, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10I, B27E,
desB30 human insulin; B10I, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10I, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
In one embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10V, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10V, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10V, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10V, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
In one embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10A, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10A, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10A, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10A, B25E, desB30 hu- man insulin.
In one embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10F, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10F, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10F, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10F, B25E, desB30 human insulin. In one embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: B10S, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10S, B27E, desB30 human insulin; B10S, B26E, desB30 human insulin; and B10S, B25E, desB30 human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10I, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10I, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10I, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10V, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10V, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10V, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10A, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10A, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10A, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10F, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10F, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10F, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10S, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10S, B26E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and BIOS, B25E, desB30, A21G human insulin. In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10I, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, des B27, B28E, desB30 human insulin; B10S, des B26, B28E, desB30 human insulin; and B10S, des B25, B28E, desB30 human insulin. In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10I, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin;
B10F, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E, desB30,
A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of BIOS, des B27, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; BI OS, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; and BI OS, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, B28E human insulin; B10I, B27E human insulin; B10I, B26E human insulin; and B10I, B25E human insulin. In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, B28E human insulin; B10V, B27E human insulin; B10V, B26E human insulin; and B10V, B25E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, B28E human insulin; B10A, B27E human insu- Nn; B10A, B26E human insulin; and B10A, B25E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, B28E human insulin; B10F, B27E human insulin; B10F, B26E human insulin; and B10F, B25E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, B28E human insulin; B10S, B27E human insulin; B10S, B26E human insulin; and B10S, B25E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, B28E A21G human insulin; 101, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10I, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10I, B25E, A21G human insulin. In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B1 OV, B28E A21 G human insulin; 10V, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10V, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10V, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B1 OA, B28E A21 G human insulin; 10A, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10A, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10A, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, B28E A21G human insulin; 10F, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10F, B26E, A21G human insulin; and B10F, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of BIOS, B28E A21 G human insulin; 1OS, B27E, A21G human insulin; B10S, B26E, A21G human insulin; and BIOS, B25E, A21 G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10I, des B25, B28E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E human insulin. In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, des B27, B28E human insulin; B10S, des B26, B28E human insulin; and B10S, des B25, B28E human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10I, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10I, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin, and B10I, des B25, B28E, A21 G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10V, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10V, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10V, des B25, B28E, A21G human insulin. In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10A, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10A, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10A, des B25, B28E, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10F, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10F, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10F, des B25, B28E, A21 G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B10S, des B27, B28E, A21 G human insulin; B10S, des B26, B28E, A21G human insulin; and B10S, des B25, B28E, A21G human insulin.
In another embodiment the insulin analogues according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of B3Q, BIOS, des B25, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B3Q, BIOS, des B26, B28E, desB30, A21G human insulin; B3Q, BI OS, des B26, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin and B3Q, BIOS, des B26, B27E, desB30, A21G human insulin.
The fast acting insulin analogues according to the invention can be mixed with long acting insulin analogues or derivatives without or substantially without a blunting effect. With "blunting" is meant that the activity profile of the fast acting and long acting insulin respectively are changed in the mixture so that the fast acting insulin becomes slower and the long acting insulin becomes faster.
Thus the term "no blunting" as used herein means that when formulated in one formulation both the fast acting insulin and the long acting insulin have a profile of action which is identical or substantially identical to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
The expression "substantial identical" will mean that the profile of action is at least 70- 95% identical to the profile of action of the individual insulins when administered in separate formulations.
In one embodiment the profile of action of the individual insulins is at least 75% identical to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
In another embodiment the profile of action of the individual insulins is at least 85% identi- cal to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
In another embodiment the profile of action of the individual insulins is at least 95% identical to the profile of action when administered in separate formulations.
The term "mixable" is used to characterize mixtures of the fast acting and long acting insulin where no or substantial no blunting occurs. With a "fast acting insulin" is meant an insulin having a faster onset of action than normal or regular human insulin and with a "long acting insulin" is meant an insulin having a longer duration of action than normal or regular human insulin.
One group of long acting insulins are acylated insulin derivates. Human insulin has three primary amino groups: the N-terminal group of the A-chain and of the B-chain and the ε-amino group of the lysine residue in position B29. Soluble insulin derivatives containing lipophilic substituents linked to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue position B29 are disclosed in e.g. WO 95/07931 and WO 2005/1234.
The acyl group will be a liphophilic group and will typically be a fatty acid moiety comprising from about 6 to about 32, more typically from 6 to 24, from 8 to 20, from 12 to 20,
from 12-16, from 10-16, from 10-20, from 14-18 or from14-16 carbon atoms. Examples of fatty acids are capric acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid. The acyl group may also be derived from a dicarboxylic fatty acid or it may be a lithocholic acid.
The acyl group may be attached directly to the free amino group in question. However, the acyl group may also be attached via amide bonds by a linker which links the free amino group in the insulin molecule and the acyl group in question together.
The acylated insulin may have one or two additional negative net charge compared to human insulin. The additional negative charge may be provided by a free carboxylic acid group in the fatty acid or by the linker group which may comprise one ore more amino acid residues of which at least one will contain a free carboxylic acid or a group which is negatively charged at neutral pH.
Non limiting examples of acylated insulin analogues are LysB29(Nε-tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin, LysB29(Nε-hexadecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin; LysB29(Nε- tetradecanoyl) human insulin; LysB29(Nε-hexadecanoyl) human insulin; LysB29(Nε-(N- hexa- decanoyl-γ-Glu) des(B30) human insulin; LysB29(Nε-(N-lithocholyl-γ-Glu)) des(B30) human insulin; LysB29(Nε-(ω-carboxyheptadecanoyl)) des(B30) human insulin; LysB29(Nε-(ω-carboxy- heptadecanoyl)) human insulin, NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)i3CO)-γ-Glu) des(B30) human insulin; NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)14CO)-γ-Glu) des(B30) human insulin; NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)15CO)-γ- GIu) des(B30) human insulin; NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)16CO)-γ-Glu) des(B30) human insulin; NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)17CO)-γ-Glu) des(B30) human insulin; NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)18CO)-γ- GIu) des(B30) human insulin; (NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)13CO)- Y -Asp) des(B30) human insulin; and NεB29-(Nα-(HOOC(CH2)14CO)- γ-Asp) des(B30) human insulin. A further type of long acting insulin analogues are disclosed in EP 368,187 which discloses insulin analogues having charged groups e.g. Arg attached to the C-terminal group B30, such as insulin glargine.
The fast acting insulins are produced by expressing a DNA sequence encoding the single-chain insulin in question in a suitable host cell by well known technique as disclosed in e.g. EP1 ,246,845. The insulin is expressed in a transformed host cell as a precursor molecule which is converted into the desired insulin molecule by enzymatic and chemical in vitro processes as disclosed in EP 163,529 and EP 214,826. The precursor molecule may be expressed with an N-terminal extension which is later cleaved of as disclosed in EP
1246,845. Examples of N-terminal extensions of the type suitable in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,395,922 and EP patent No. 765,395.
The insulin precursor product for preparing the long acting, acylated insulin to be mixed with the fast acting insulin according to the invention can be produced by a method ana- logues to the methods described above. The insulin precursor can be acylated in the desired position as described e.g. in the EP 214,826, EP 375,437 and EP 383,472.
With "Insulin" as used herein is meant human insulin having the two chain structure of human insulin with disulfide bridges between CysA7 and CysB7 and between CysA20 and CysB19 and an internal disulfide bridge between CysA6 and CysA11, porcine insulin and bovine insulin.
The B-chain refers to the human insulin B-chain with 30 amino acid residues and the A-chain refers to the human insulin A-chain with 21 amino acid residues. Both the B-chain and the A-chain in the insulin analogues according to the present invention may comprise additional mutations further to the mutations according to the invention as long as the result- ing insulin molecule still has the desired properties.
The number of further mutation will typically not be higher that 3 and will more typically be two or one.
Thus the amino acid residue in B1 may be substituted with another amino acid residue such as Asp or GIy or is deleted. Also Asn at position B3 may be mutated with Thr, Lys, GIn, GIu or Asp. The B-chain may also comprise an N-terminal extension and B1 may be deleted.
In the A chain Asn at position A21 may be mutated with Ala, GIn, GIu, GIy, His, lie, Leu, Met, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr or VaI, in particular with GIy, Ala, Ser, or Thr and preferably with GIy. Also A18 may be mutated with a GIn. Finally the A-chain may comprise a C-terminal extension such as A22 and A.23. The amino acid residue in position A22 and A22 may be a lysine residue which will give a good solubility in the acid pH range and further stabilizes the molecule against deamidation.
With "desB30" or "B(1 -29)" is meant a natural insulin B chain or an analogue thereof lacking the B30 amino acid residue, "A(1 -21)" means the natural insulin A chain or an analogue or derivative thereof. With "analogues" is meant a molecule with deviates from the natural molecule by one or more amino acid substitutions, additions or deletions and any combination thereof.
With an "insulin derivative" is meant an insulin molecule having a chemical group attached to one or more of the backbone amino acid residues.
The numbering of the positions in analogues according to the invention is based on the human insulin molecule. Thus with "B27" is meant the amino acid residue in position B27 in the B chain of human insulin (counted from the N-terminal end) and with "AV is meant the amino acid residue in position 1 in the A chain of human insulin (counted from the N-terminal end), respectively. This numbering system is kept even if one or more of the natural amino acid residues have been deleted. Thus the insulin analogue named "B10Q, desB25, B28E, des B30 human insulin" will have the C-terminal sequence Thr-Asp-Lys in the B-chain.
The amino acid residues are indicated in the three letter amino acid code or the one letter amino code. Unless indicated explicitly, the amino acids mentioned herein are L-amino acids. Further, the left and right ends of an amino acid sequence of a peptide are, respectively, the N- and C-termini unless otherwise specified.
The term "monomeric insulin", when used herein, refers to human insulin analogs that are less prone to self-association (into dimers and hexamers) than human insulin.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS Compositions containing fast acting insulins of this invention optionally in mixture with a long acting insulin analogue or derivative can be used in the treatment of states which are sensitive to insulin. Thus, they can be used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and hyperglycaemia for example as sometimes seen in seriously injured persons and persons who have undergone major surgery. The optimal dose level for any patient will de- pend on a variety of factors including the efficacy of the specific insulin analogue or derivative employed, the age, body weight, physical activity, and diet of the patient, on a possible combination with other drugs, and on the severity of the state to be treated. It is recommended that the daily dosage of the insulin analogue or the mixtures of this invention be determined for each individual patient by those skilled in the art in a similar way as for known insulin compositions.
Usually, the pharmaceutical composition of this invention is administered subcutane- ously. However the composition may also be used in insulin pumps and may be formulated for pulmunal administration.
The pharmaceutical composition will contain usual adjuvants and additives and are preferably formulated as an aqueous solution. The aqueous medium is made isotonic, for example, with sodium chloride, sodium acetate or glycerol. Furthermore, the aqueous medium may contain zinc ions, buffers and preservatives. The pH value of the composition is adjusted to the desired value and may be between about 3 to about 8.5, preferably between
about 3 and about 5 or about 6.5 and about 7.5 depending on the isoelectric point, pi, of the insulin in question.
The fast acting insulin analogue and the long acting insulin can be mixed in a ratio of from about 10/90% about 30/70%, or about 50/50%. In one embodiment the molar ratio be- tween the long acting and the fast acting insulin is greater than 2/1.
The buffer used in the pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, citrate, gly- cylglycine, histidine, glycine, lysine, arginine, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, and tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethan, bicine, tricine, malic acid, succinate, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid or mixtures thereof.
Pharmaceutically acceptable preservative are well known in the art. For convenience reference is made to Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition, 1995. The isotonicity agent may be selected from the group consisting of a salt (e.g. sodium chloride), a sugar or sugar alcohol, an amino acid or an alditol (e.g. glycerol (glycerine). The use of an isotonic agent in pharmaceutical compositions is well-known to the skilled person. For convenience reference is made to Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition, 1995. The isotonic agent is typically present in a concentration from 1 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml. In a further embodiment the isotonic agent is present in a concentration from 1 mg/ml to 7 mg/ml, from 8 mg/ml to 24 mg/m or from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.
The present invention is described in further detail in the following examples which are not in any way intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed. The attached Figure is meant to be considered as integral parts of the specification and description of the invention. All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety and to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein (to the maximum extent permitted by law).
All headings and sub-headings are used herein for convenience only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
The citation and incorporation of patent documents herein is done for convenience only and does not reflect any view of the validity, patentability, and/or enforceability of such patent documents.
EXAMPLES General Procedure for recombinant production of the insulin analogue according to the invention.
All expressions plasmids are of the C-POT type, similar to those described in EP 171 , 142, which are characterized by containing the Schizosaccharomyces pombe triose phosphate isomerase gene (POT) for the purpose of plasmid selection and stabilization in S. cer- evisiae. The plasmids also contain the S. cerevisiae triose phosphate isomerase promoter and terminator. These sequences are similar to the corresponding sequences in plasmid pKFN1003 (described in WO 90/100075) as are all sequences except the sequence of the EcoR\-Xba\ fragment encoding the fusion protein of the leader and the insulin product. In order to express different fusion proteins, the EcoR\-Xba\ fragment of pKFN1003 is simply re- placed by an EcoR\-Xba\ fragment encoding the leader-insulin fusion of interest. Such EcoR\-Xba\ fragments may be synthesized using synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR according to standard techniques.
Yeast transformants are prepared by transformation of the host strain S. cerevisiae strain MT663 (MATa/MATα pep4-3/pep4-3 HIS4/his4 tpi::LEU2Λpi::LEU2 Cir+). The yeast strain MT663 was deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkul- turen in connection with filing WO 92/11378 and was given the deposit number DSM 6278.
MT663 is grown on YPGaL (1% Bacto yeast extract, 2% Bacto peptone, 2% galactose, 1% lactate) to an O. D. at 600 nm of 0.6. 100 ml of culture is harvested by centrifugation, washed with 10 ml of water, recentrifuged and resuspended in 10 ml of a solution containing 1.2 M sorbitol, 25 mM Na2EDTA pH = 8.0 and 6.7 mg/ml dithiotreitol. The suspension is incubated at 300C for 15 minutes, centrifuged and the cells resuspended in 10 ml of a solution containing 1.2 M sorbitol, 10 mM Na2EDTA, 0.1 M sodium citrate, pH 0 5.8, and 2 mg No- vozym®234. The suspension is incubated at 300C for 30 minutes, the cells collected by centrifugation, washed in 10 ml of 1.2 M sorbitol and 10 ml of CAS (1.2 M sorbitol, 10 mM CaCI2, 10 mM Tris HCI (Tris = Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) pH = 7.5) and resuspended in 2 ml of CAS. For transformation, 1 ml of CAS-suspended cells are mixed with approx. 0.1 mg of plasmid DNA and left at room temperature for 15 minutes. 1 ml of (20% polyethylene glycol 4000, 10 mM CaCI2, 10 mM Tris HCI, pH = 7.5) is added and the mixture left for a further
30 minutes at room temperature. The mixture is centrifuged and the pellet resuspended in
0.1 ml of SOS (1.2 M sorbitol, 33% v/v YPD, 6.7 mM CaCI2) and incubated at 300C for 2 hours. The suspension is then centrifuged and the pellet resuspended in 0.5 ml of 1.2 M sorbitol. Then, 6 ml of top agar (the SC medium of Sherman et al. (1982) Methods in Yeast Ge- netics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) containing 1.2 M sorbitol plus 2.5% agar) at 52°C is added and the suspension poured on top of plates containing the same agar-solidified, sorbitol containing medium.
S. cerevisiae strain MT663 transformed with expression plasmids is grown in YPD for 72 h at 300C. The expressed and secreted insulin precursor is isolated by conventional means and converted into the desired insulin analogue according to the invention by conventional in vitro enzymatic conversion as described above.
EXAMPLE 1
Equilibrium Solubility of insulin formulations
Stock solutions of a fast acting insulin analogue according to the invention or of a mix- ture of a fast acting insulin analogue and a long acting insulin (insulin glargine) containing either Zn2+, phenol and glycerol concentrations close to marketed products or 12OmM NaCI are prepared and the pH is adjusted to the desired value corresponding to the alkaline end- point of the pH-solubility profile. From these stock solutions samples are withdrawn, the pH is adjusted to the desired value in the pH 3-8 range, and 0.3 ml samples are incubated at 23 0C for at least 4 days. After centrifugation (20,000 g for 20 minutes at 23 C) of each sample, pH is measured and the solubility is determined by quantification of insulin contents in the supernatant by Reverse Phase HPLC analysis on a XTerra RP8 Guard column (Waters), 50 x 20mm, 5 micron particle size, eluted at 2 mL/minute at 350C or on a Gemini 3u C18 1 10A column (Phenomenex), 50 x 2.0mm, 3 micron particle size eluted at O.δmL/minute at 350C . Insulin is eluted with a phosphate buffer, pH=7.2, starting from approximately 7% (w/w) ace- tonitrile followed by a gradient step with increased acetonitrile to a concentration of approximately 65% (w/w).
The equilibrium solubility vs pH of an insulin analogue of the present invention (insulin aspart may be used as a reference) in pure water or in mixed formulations with the long act- ing insulin are measured and the solubility in non-mixed formulations in water vs. pH of each insulin analogue compared to that of the long acting insulin.
The solubility in water vs. pH of B3Q, B10S,desB26,B28E,desB30,A21G (represented by the grey markers) and insulin glargine (represented by the black markers) is shown in Fig. 1. The lines connecting the individual measuring points are meant as guidance for the eye.
EXAMPLE 2 The NUV-CD was measured on the insulin analogue B3Q, B10S,desB26,B28E,- desB30,A21 G. The analogue turned out to be monomeric in a concentration up to 1 mM. The results are shown in Fig. 2.
PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS Assay (I)
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is performed essentially as described in Have- lund et al. 2004 Pharmaceutical research, 21 , 1498-1504. The chromatographic system is a Superose 6 HR PC 6/30 column (GE healthcare) eluted by tris-buffered isotonic saline (NaCI 140 mM, tris/HCI 10 mM, NaN3 0,01 %, pH 7,5 at 37°C, injecting 1% of column volume and using a flow of 90 min per column volume and UV detection at 276 nm. The references are a stable insulin monomeric insulin X2 (AspB9, GluB27 human insulin, zinc free), a stable hexameric insulin: Co(III) insulin, albumin (HSA), and covalent albumin (formed in solution). Assay (II) Insulin receptor binding The affinity of the insulin analogues for the human insulin receptor can be determined by a SPA assay (Scintillation Proximity Assay) microtiterplate antibody capture assay. SPA- PVT antibody-binding beads, anti-mouse reagent (Amersham Biosciences, Cat No. PRNQ0017) are mixed with 25 ml of binding buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.8; 100 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM MgSO4, 0.025% Tween-20). Reagent mix for a single Packard Optiplate (Packard No. 6005190) is composed of 2.4 μl of a 1 :5000 diluted purified recombinant human insulin receptor - exon 1 1 , an amount of a stock solution of A14 Tyr[125l]-human insulin corresponding to 5000 cpm per 100 μl of reagent mix, 12 μl of a 1 : 1000 dilution of F12 antibody, 3 ml of SPA-beads and binding buffer to a total of 12 ml. A total of 100 μl is then added and a dilution series is made from appropriate samples. To the dilution series is then added 100 μl of reagent mix and the samples are incubated for 16 hours while gently shaken. The phases are then separated by centrifugation for 1 min and the plates counted in a Topcoun- ter. The binding data are fitted using the nonlinear regression algorithm in the GraphPad Prism 2.01 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).
The insulin receptor affinity of B3Q, B10S,desB26,B28E,-desB30,A21G was measured to 9.1%.
Assay (III)
Biological potency of insulin analogues, rat free fat cell assay Rats are killed, and the epididymale fat pads removed and placed in degradation buffer. Degradation is carried out at 37 0C under vigorously shaking for 1 h. The cell suspension is filtrated in order to remove tissue debris, and the adipocytes are washed twice and resuspended in incubation buffer. 0.1 ml cell suspension is incubated at 37 0C under gentle shaking with 10 μl glucose solution and 10 μl insulin or other compound for two hours. The incubation is stopped by adding 150 μl scintillator and counted.
Calculation of the potency is done by comparing EC50 for an internal standard and the unknown sample. Fitting of curves is a four parameter logistic model expecting constant minimum and maximum response. Assay (IV) Binding of insulin analogues to the human insulin-like growth facto r-1 receptor (hlGF-1 R)
The affinity of insulin analogues for the human insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (NGF-1 R) can be determined by a SPA (Scintillation Proximity Assay) microtiter plate antibody capture assay. Anti-Mouse PVT SPA beads (500 mg, GE Life Sciences # RPNQ0017) are mixed with 25 ml of binding buffer (10OmM HEPES, 10OmM NaCI, 1 OmM MgSO4,
0.025% Tween-20, pH=7,8). Reagent mix for a single 96-well microtiter plate (Optiplate-96 Perkin-Elmer # 6005190) is composed of 40 μl of purified recombinant NGF-1 R (Novo Nord- isk A/S), 12 μl of a 1 : 16 dilution of monoclonal antibody against hlGF-1 R (clone 24-31 ), 3 ml of SPA beads suspension and binding buffer to a total of 12 ml. To 25 μl of a dilution series of IGF-1 , insulin or insulin analogue is then added 100 μl of reagent mix and 25 μl of a dilution of [125l]A14Tyr-human IGF-1 corresponding to 10,000 cpm. The samples are incubated for 16 hours at room temperature while gently agitated. The plate is then centrifugated for 1 min at 1 ,000 rpm prior to counting in a Packard TopCount NXT. The binding data are fitted using the four-parameter nonlinear regression algorithm (sigmoidal dose-response) in GraphPad Prism 4.03 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).
Assay (V)
Mixability of insulin analogues with long acting analogues, NMR based method.
Signals from proteins and peptides in NMR spectra are very sensitive to the local chemical environment. As a result we can use NMR signals to probe for mixability of insulins. For 15N labelled desB30 insulin the positions of signals from NH groups in a 1H-15N HSQC NMR spectra are known. Changes in the 1H-15N NMR spectra when mixing 15N labelled desB30 insulin with an unlabelled analogue can be monitored. 1H-15N HSQC NMR spectra of desB30 insulin and a NMR spectrum of desB30 mixed with an analogue are compared. If new peaks appear in the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum of 15N desB30 when an analogue is present in the mixture it indicates changes in the local environment of a NH group in 15N desB30 insulin. This again shows that mixed dimers/hexamers have been formed meaning that the two components are not mixable.
1H-15N HSQC NMR spectra are recorded on a Varian Inova 600 NMR spectrometer equipped with a cold probe. All data are recorded at a temperature of 37 C. Insulins (15N desB30 and a selected analogue) are dissolved separately in water, mixed, and the final solvent system is:30 mM phenol-d, 10 mM NaCI, 14 mg/ml propylenglycol-d and 8 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4, 0.1 mM Zn, 90% H2O/10%D2O.
Insulin concentrations are 0.2 mM 15N desB30 and 0.05 mM of the selected insulin analogue. For comparison a NMR spectrum of 15N desB30 is recorded under identical solvent conditions.
If the insulin analogues according to the present invention when tested in this assay are mixable with the desB30 insulin this will indicate that they will also be mixable with insulin detemir having the same amino acid composition in this area of the molecule as desB30 in- sulin except for the added acyl group in B29.
Assay (Vl)
Assessment of monomer/dimer equilibrium, NUV-CD based method.
Monomerization of insulin analogues, NUV-CD
The NUV-CD (near UV circular dichroism) spectrum in the 350-250 nm range re- fleets the environment of the tyrosine chromophores and is very sensitive to aggregation and is theed with (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid. The CD is expressed as Δε (M-1 cm-1 ) normalized to the molar concentration of protein in the near-UV range (250-350 nm), and the signal at 276nm vs. concentration is used as a reporter of monomerization. This test will show whether the insulin analogue is predominantly in the monomeric form.
Claims
I . Fast acting insulin analogues wherein at least one of the amino acid residues in po- sition B22-B30 in the human B-chain is substituted with another amino acid residue promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, wherein further the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala, Phe or Ser and optionally one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain have been deleted.
2. Fast acting insulin analogues wherein at least one of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain is substituted with another amino acid residue promoting formation of the monomeric form of insulin, wherein further the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with lie, VaI, Ala or Phe and optionally one or more of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain have been de- leted.
3. Insulin analogues according to claim 1 , wherein the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with Ne or VaI.
4. Insulin analogues according to claim 1 , wherein the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with VaI or Phe.
5. Insulin analogues according to claim 1 , wherein the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with Ala or Phe.
6. Insulin analogues according to claim 1 , wherein the natural His amino acid residue in position 10 in the B-chain is substituted with Phe or Ser.
7. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-6, wherein 1-2 of the amino acid residues in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain are substituted with another amino acid.
8. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-6, wherein one amino acid residue in position B22-B30 in the human B-chain is substituted with another amino acid.
9. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the amino acid substitution in position B22-B30 is a GIu or Asp residue. 10. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-8 wherein the amino acid in position
B27 is GIu.
I 1. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-8 wherein the amino acid in position B28 is GIu.
12. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-11 , wherein the amino acid in position B30 is deleted.
13. Insulin analogues according to any of claims 1-11 , wherein the amino acid in position B25, B26 or B27 has been deleted.
14. Pharmaceutical formulation comprising an insulin analogue according to any of claims 1-13 in mixture with a long acting insulin analogue or derivative.
15. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14, wherein the long acting insulin is LysB29(Nε-tetradecanoyl) des(B30) human insulin (insulin detemir) or A21Gly, B31Arg, B32Arg human insulin (insulin glargine).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08803019A EP2178911A2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2008-08-12 | Rapid acting insulin analogues |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP07114216 | 2007-08-13 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/060597 WO2009021956A2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2008-08-12 | Rapid acting insulin analogues |
| EP08803019A EP2178911A2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2008-08-12 | Rapid acting insulin analogues |
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| EP2178911A2 true EP2178911A2 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
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| EP (1) | EP2178911A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2010535842A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101796071A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009021956A2 (en) |
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| AU2014326181A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2016-03-17 | Wockhardt Limited | Pharmaceutical composition |
| CA3044565A1 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Case Western Reserve University | Rapid-acting insulin analogues of enhanced stability |
| FR3083700B1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-03-12 | Adocia | THERMOSTABLE FORMULATION OF HUMAN INSULIN A21G |
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| PH25772A (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1991-10-18 | Novo Industri As | Insulin analogues, process for their preparation |
| CN101060856B (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2011-01-19 | 诺和诺德公司 | Soluble, stable insulin-containing preparations |
| US20070086952A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-19 | Biodel, Inc. | Rapid Acting and Prolonged Acting Inhalable Insulin Preparations |
| EP1991575A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2008-11-19 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Single-chain insulin analogues and pharmaceutical formulations thereof |
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2008
- 2008-08-12 CN CN200880103343A patent/CN101796071A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-12 WO PCT/EP2008/060597 patent/WO2009021956A2/en not_active Ceased
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| WO2009021956A2 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
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