EP2156584A1 - Procédé de régulation de la gigue de transmission au sein d'un terminal de réception - Google Patents
Procédé de régulation de la gigue de transmission au sein d'un terminal de réceptionInfo
- Publication number
- EP2156584A1 EP2156584A1 EP08760751A EP08760751A EP2156584A1 EP 2156584 A1 EP2156584 A1 EP 2156584A1 EP 08760751 A EP08760751 A EP 08760751A EP 08760751 A EP08760751 A EP 08760751A EP 2156584 A1 EP2156584 A1 EP 2156584A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- curve
- buffer
- value
- calculated
- reception buffer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 20
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012464 large buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/062—Synchronisation of signals having the same nominal but fluctuating bit rates, e.g. using buffers
- H04J3/0632—Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling jitter within a system for receiving a real-time digital packet data stream. It applies particularly, but not exclusively, in the field of receiving the voice transmitted via a packet communication network such as the Internet.
- real-time data flows as streams of data transmitted to a receiving terminal that consumes the data sent at a given rate. This is, for example, the case of sound or video data streams that are returned by the terminal.
- these data streams are transmitted by a packet data communication network such as the Internet
- the transmitted data packets do not have a bounded transmission time.
- all data packets, even transmitted at a regular rate, corresponding to the rate of consumption by the receiving terminal are not received regularly by the receiving terminal.
- packets can arrive faster than others, going as far as changing the arrival sequence of packets.
- the rate of consumption can not be perfectly synchronized, causing a drift in time between the transmission of packets by the source and their reception by the terminal. These phenomena are known as transmission jitter.
- the latency is defined by the time required to accumulate data in the receive buffer before starting the consumer. .
- a number of well-known correction techniques allow to play on the fill rate of the buffer.
- these techniques we can mention the fact of modifying the transmission rate of the data packets by the source. This modification can be controlled by the receiving terminal according to the filling rate of the buffer. It is also possible, at least in certain applications, to play on the rate of data consumption by the consumer responsible for the refund. For example, it is possible to eliminate certain samples in an audio application or to duplicate them. While the data is manipulated in the form of data packets whose size depends on the transmission protocol, for example IP packets for the IP protocol, these same data are manipulated in the form of samples at the consumer and restitution. The packet is the transport unit, while the sample is the semantic unit with meaning for the restitution.
- a sample will consist of an image for a video stream and a sound sample for an audio stream. Samples are transported within packets during transmission. Sound restitution applications are able to handle these missing or duplicate samples.
- the restitution for example of the voice, remains intelligible although degraded in its quality. This degradation is generally better perceived by the user than a cut of the restitution or a loss of a part of the message. Cut or loss that is the result of starvation or blockage of the buffer.
- These fill rate regulation operations are generally triggered according to buffer fill thresholds. We then use two thresholds, a low threshold and a high threshold.
- an operation is launched to increase the filling rate, for example by duplicating the data samples or by increasing the rate sending packets by the source.
- an operation triggers an operation to reduce the filling rate, for example by removing some data samples or decreasing the rate of sending packages by the source.
- the jitter has certain particular characteristics.
- the Internet introduces a jitter that can be described as pseudo random where it is difficult to predict the travel time of each packet.
- the wireless data communication systems used on the mobile telephone networks use a burst mode (burst in English).
- the conjunction of these two types of networks in the transmission introduces a jitter that can be described as pseudoperiodic leading to a significant pseudoperiodic variation of the filling rate of the reception buffer of the terminal.
- the use of the above-mentioned jitter control techniques in this context leads to an excessive correction of the filling rate of the buffer to the detriment of the quality of the reproduction. Indeed, we have seen that operations to play on the filling rate of the buffer, for example by deleting or duplicating samples degrade the restitution, for example audio, the received stream.
- the object of the invention is to solve the above problems by a jitter regulation method based on the calculation of a curve representative of the minimum filling rate of the buffer and by triggering correction operation as a function of the evolution over time. of this curve.
- This invention is applicable to all real-time data stream receiving systems using a receive buffer. However, it is particularly advantageous when the transmission jitter has a pseudoperiodic character.
- the present invention relates to a method for regulating the transmission jitter within a reception terminal of a real-time data stream transmitted by data packets, said terminal having a reception buffer for storing the data samples. transmitted within the received data packets and a module for rendering said samples consuming said samples stored in said reception buffer, comprising a step of defining a low threshold and a high threshold for filling said reception buffer; a step of calculating a curve relating to the evolution over time of the minimum of the value of the filling rate of said reception buffer; a step of triggering a jitter correction operation to reduce the fill rate of the buffer when said calculated curve passes above said high threshold and a step of triggering a jitter correction operation to increase the fill rate buffer when said calculated curve falls below said low threshold.
- the step of calculating the curve relating to the evolution in time of the minimum is calculated for a time index N by the following steps: the value of the curve for the index N is calculated by adding an increment to the value of the curve for the index NI;
- this filling ratio is assigned to the value of the curve calculated for the index N.
- the invention also relates to a method for regulating the transmission jitter within a reception terminal of a real-time data stream transmitted by data packets, said terminal having a reception buffer for storing the data samples.
- data transmitted within the received data packets and a module for rendering said samples consuming said samples stored in said reception buffer comprising a step of defining a low threshold and a high threshold for filling said reception buffer; a step of calculating a curve relating to the evolution over time of the maximum of the value of the filling rate of said reception buffer; a step of triggering a jitter correction operation to reduce the fill rate of the buffer when said calculated curve passes above said high threshold and a step of triggering a jitter correction operation to increase the fill rate of the buffer when said calculated curve falls below said low threshold.
- the step of calculating the curve relating to the change over time of the minimum is calculated for a time index N by the following steps:
- the value of the curve for the index N is calculated by subtracting an increment from the value of the curve for the index NI; if this value is less than the fill rate of the buffer for the index N, this filling ratio is assigned to the value of the curve calculated for the index N.
- the method further comprises a step of filtering the curve relating to the evolution over time of the minimum of the value of the filling rate of said reception buffer aimed at smoothing this curve and that the triggering steps of the correction operations are made from the filtered curve.
- the filtering step is done by applying a first-order filter on the curve relating to the evolution over time of the minimum of the value of the filling rate of said buffer. reception.
- the method furthermore comprises:
- the decongestion operation has priority over the jitter correction operations.
- the decongestion operation consists of the removal of one sample out of two during the consumption of the samples of the reception buffer.
- the invention also relates to a terminal for receiving a real-time data stream transmitted by data packets comprising a reception buffer for storing the data samples transmitted within the received data packets; a module for rendering said samples consuming said samples stored in said reception buffer; means for defining a low threshold and a high threshold for filling said reception buffer; means for calculating a curve relating to the evolution over time of the minimum of the value of the filling rate of said reception buffer; triggering means of a jitter correction operation for reducing the fill rate of the buffer when said calculated curve passes above said high threshold and means for triggering a jitter correction operation to increase the fill rate of the buffer when said calculated curve falls below said low threshold.
- the invention also relates to a terminal for receiving a real-time data stream transmitted by data packets comprising a reception buffer for storing the data samples transmitted within the received data packets; a module for rendering said samples consuming said samples stored in said reception buffer; means for defining a low threshold and a high threshold for filling said reception buffer; means for calculating a curve relating to the evolution over time of the maximum of the value of the filling rate of said reception buffer; means for triggering a jitter correction operation to reduce the buffer fill rate when said calculated curve is above said high threshold and means for triggering a jitter correction operation to increase the filling rate of the buffer when said calculated curve falls below said low threshold.
- Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a pseudoperiodic component of the jitter.
- Fig. 2 illustrates an example of jitter comprising a pseudoperiodic component.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the calculation of a minimum peak curve according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 4 illustrates the definition of the value ⁇ min.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a minimum peak curve according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 6 illustrates a filtered minimum curve according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 7 illustrates the flowchart for calculating a minimum peak curve according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a hardware architecture of a receiving terminal according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the audio communication between two communication terminals is digitally coded at a terminal. It is then transmitted in the form of digital data packets containing audio samples to a second terminal.
- This second terminal stores received packets in a receive buffer.
- a rendering module reads the data packets in this receive buffer, decodes the audio samples and reproduces the sound signal.
- This module operates in a mode of consumption of the samples of the buffer. This consumption is done at a given pace and is therefore called real time.
- the communication terminals are wireless terminals communicating by radio, with a base station within a cellular communication network. These networks like the GSM network ⁇ Global
- IP Internet Protocol
- the communication of the data packets between the two terminals therefore implies a first communication between the terminal and a base station via the IP data communication channel of a mobile telephone system.
- the packets are then transmitted to the second terminal via a generally thin IP communication network and possibly the Internet network.
- the second terminal is also a wireless terminal, a last communication step via the data transmission channel of a wireless telephone system is made.
- one of the terminals is a wired communication terminal having direct access to an IP network without going through a wireless communication step.
- a generic IP network like the Internet, for example, tends to introduce a jitter in the transmission.
- This jitter can be described as pseudo-random in the sense that the shift introduced in the transmission of each packet does not statistically depend on the shifts introduced in the transmission of the other packets. This is not the case when transmitting via the data channel of a mobile telephone network.
- these networks have developed burst communication techniques which consist, when we want to transmit data at a given bit rate, to transmit bursts of data at a higher bit rate and then to cut off the transmission.
- bursts can also find other origins, these can be combined. They can also come from the irregularity of flow caused by the dynamic allocation of the resources shared in time in a system of multiple access by division of time or TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), the sending of the data by blocks of minimal size due to the data encryption system or the mechanisms of roaming between cells (handover in English).
- TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
- Fig. 1 illustrates the profile of the jitter component introduced by the burst system displayed by the filling rate of the reception buffer of the terminal.
- the filling rate Tr of the buffer is represented on the ordinate while the time t is represented on the abscissa.
- the rapid increase in the fill rate, represented by the curve portion 1.1 corresponds to the reception of a burst of data packets, whereas the curve portion 1.2 corresponds to the consumption of the data samples by the consumer. that is, the audio rendering module. During this portion of the curve, no packet is received.
- This curve is periodic, of period T.
- One of the ideas underlying the present invention is to abstract pseudoperiodic evolutions of the "sawtooth" curve to limit the triggering of the correction operations. To do this, we will define a so-called minimum curve, representative of the evolution of the minimum filling rate of the reception buffer. The regulation of the jitter is then made according to the evolution of this curve of the minimums and no longer the curve of the instantaneous fill rate of the buffer.
- this curve called the minimum peak curve is calculated as follows: for each time unit No calculates a calculated unfiltered minimum Mcnf (N).
- Mcnf (N): Mcnf (N-I) + incr;
- Mcnf (N)> Tr (N) then Mcnf (N): Tr (N); where Tr (N) represents the actual fill rate of the buffer at time N and incr is a parameter whose value will be representative of the ascent slope of this minimum peak curve.
- the calculation method is shown schematically in the form of the flowchart of FIG. 7.
- a first step 7.1 consists of the initialization and the first increment of the value N temporal index.
- This time index represents a unit of time that may, for example, be the elementary consumption time of a sound sample.
- the minimum peak curve is calculated by adding an increment to the previous value of the peak curve.
- a test is then made, during a step 7.3, to know if the new computed value of the peak curve is greater than the instantaneous fill rate curve.
- the new value of the calculated minimum peak curve is the value of the instantaneous fill rate of the buffer, this is done during a step 7.4.
- the calculated value is then tested with respect to a high threshold during a step 7.5, if it is higher, an operation is triggered during a step 7.7 aimed at reducing the size of the buffer, for example by deleting samples. in the buffer. If the test of step 7.5 is negative, the calculated value is then tested against a low threshold in a step 7.6, if it is lower, an operation is triggered during a step 7.8 aimed at increasing the size. buffer, for example by duplicating samples in the buffer. The time index is then incremented and it is resumed in step 7.2.
- This first embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 where the curve Tr (N) is represented in dotted line and referenced 3.1 while the minimum peak curve is referenced 3.2.
- Tr (N) is represented in dotted line and referenced 3.1 while the minimum peak curve is referenced 3.2.
- this curve has a linear increasing slope when it is under the curve Tr (N), slope determined by the value of the parameter incr, while it follows the curve Tr (N) otherwise.
- the evolution over time of this minimum peak curve gives a curve indicative of the evolution of the minimum filling of the buffer over time.
- the incr parameter is chosen according to the desired reactivity and the actual variations of this minimum. In fact, the higher the slope of the lift, the more we will be able to follow significant variations in this minimum filling, but the lower the minimum peak curve will be "sawtooth" and will have the same disadvantages as the curve of the rate instant fill. A too low value of this slope will make it difficult to follow, upward, the minimum of filling. In the exemplary embodiment, values of the incr parameter giving a slope close to 10% gave good results.
- the time unit curve used to calculate the curve is the time required for the consumer to consume a packet, that is to say in the case of an audio decoder, the time necessary to decode a sample of sound, the curve portion 1.2 has a downward slope of 45%.
- Fig. 5 illustrates the impact of calculating such a minimum peak curve when it is used together with a threshold.
- the curve representing the actual filling rate of the buffer as a function of time Tr (N) referenced 5.1 and the calculated minimum peak curve referenced 5.2 as well as the threshold illustrated by the line parallel to the abscissa axis are found in the figure. It is immediately apparent that the calculated minimum peak curve has less than the curve of the filling ratio the so-called "sawtooth" aspect, which has the consequence that it crosses the threshold less often. We can say that the curve is smoother. It is representative of the general evolution of the filling rate curve, excluding the peaks due to the burst transmission mode. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the minimum peak curve thus calculated is used, instead of the instantaneous buffer fill rate curve, together with two threshold values, a high threshold and a low threshold, for trigger the correction operations that allow regulation of the jitter.
- the method thus proposed does not offer any disadvantage in the case where the jitter does not offer a pseudo periodic variation, for example in the case where the transmission does not borrow from a channel implementing a burst transmission. .
- the method according to the invention will behave like the conventional method using the curve of the instantaneous fill rate of the buffer together with two thresholds as triggering jitter correction operations. It is therefore possible to use the invention in all cases and in the absence of prior knowledge of the characteristics of the jitter.
- the minimum peak curve is filtered to further minimize the peaks it has.
- the technical effect of this filter is to smooth the curve without changing the overall look. Indeed, the more the curve will be smooth and the less it will present roughness and the crossing thresholds will be representative of a real need for correction to avoid starvation or overflow of the buffer.
- Mf (N) Mf (N)
- Mcnf (N) Mf (NI) + (Mcnf (N) -Mf (NI)) / Trep;
- Trep represents a parameter called filter response time. This parameter must be chosen between the value of the typical period of the pseudoperiodic component of the jitter and its half. That is, if T is the typical period illustrated in FIG. 1, Trep must be between T and T / 2. This filtered curve is illustrated by curve 6.1 of FIG. 6. It is noted in this figure that the number of occurrence of crossing between the curve obtained and the threshold further decreases.
- any other type of filter for smoothing the curve can be applied instead of the first order filter of the embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention. It is also possible to apply the same method to maxima instead of minima. In this case, the slope of the maximum peak curve is chosen decreasing instead of increasing and is maintained above and not below the curve of the instantaneous fill rate of the buffer.
- the maximum peak curve Maxcnf will respond, for example, to the following equations:
- Maxcnf (N): Maxcnf (N-I) - incr;
- the proposed method makes it possible to advantageously manage the pseudoperiodic jitter component while offering the same level of performance on the other jitter components that may be involved.
- a high trigger threshold of a correction operation called accelerated deletion is set up on the curve of the instant fill rate of the buffer.
- this curve of the instantaneous fill rate rather than the curve of minimum, or maximum, calculated so as to reduce the reaction time to such engorgement.
- a fast reaction time does not lead to excessive correction, as is the case when the pseudoperiodic component is corrected from the instantaneous fill rate curve. .
- a correction operation for example the deletion of one out of two samples at the time of consumption, is undertaken until the filling rate drops below the waterlogging threshold.
- FIG. 8 represents the hardware architecture of a receiving terminal 8.1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- This terminal includes a network interface 8.2 for receiving data packets.
- This interface 8.2 communicates with a random access memory module 8.3 which comprises the reception buffer 8.4.
- the terminal also comprises read-only memory 8.7 which comprises the different programs 8.5 implementing the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention as well as the consumer. These programs can be loaded into the RAM 8.3 for execution.
- the terminal operates under the control of a processor 8.6 responsible for executing the programs 8.5 and the various operations of the terminal.
- the data stream, received and stored in the reception buffer 8.4, is then consumed by the rendering module which controls the rendering member 8.8 which may be a speaker in the case of a sound reproduction or a screen for a video stream.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0704267A FR2917552B1 (fr) | 2007-06-15 | 2007-06-15 | Procede de regulation de la gigue de transmission au sein d'un terminal de reception |
| PCT/EP2008/057190 WO2008155257A1 (fr) | 2007-06-15 | 2008-06-10 | Procédé de régulation de la gigue de transmission au sein d'un terminal de réception |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2156584A1 true EP2156584A1 (fr) | 2010-02-24 |
Family
ID=38753568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08760751A Ceased EP2156584A1 (fr) | 2007-06-15 | 2008-06-10 | Procédé de régulation de la gigue de transmission au sein d'un terminal de réception |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100172456A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2156584A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2917552B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW200849842A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008155257A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107129538B (zh) | 2010-04-27 | 2021-07-16 | 西兰制药公司 | Glp-1受体激动剂和胃泌素的肽缀合物及其用途 |
| US8693355B2 (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2014-04-08 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Jitter buffer management for power savings in a wireless communication device |
| TW201326194A (zh) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-07-01 | Zealand Pharma As | Glp-1胃泌素受體促效劑肽結合物 |
| IN2015DN00544A (fr) | 2012-07-23 | 2015-06-26 | Zealand Pharma As | |
| TWI608013B (zh) | 2012-09-17 | 2017-12-11 | 西蘭製藥公司 | 升糖素類似物 |
| PL3057984T3 (pl) | 2013-10-17 | 2018-12-31 | Zealand Pharma A/S | Acylowane analogi glukagonu |
| US9988429B2 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2018-06-05 | Zealand Pharma A/S | Glucagon analogues |
| WO2015067715A2 (fr) | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-14 | Zealand Pharma A/S | Composés agonistes doubles de gip et glp-1 et procédés associés |
| CN105829339B (zh) | 2013-11-06 | 2021-03-12 | 西兰制药公司 | 胰高血糖素-glp-1-gip三重激动剂化合物 |
| KR101768925B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-13 | 2017-08-17 | 닛본 덴끼 가부시끼가이샤 | 무선 단말 장치 및 그 제어 방법 |
| KR102620911B1 (ko) | 2014-10-29 | 2024-01-05 | 질랜드 파마 에이/에스 | Gip 효능제 화합물 및 방법 |
| DK3283507T3 (da) | 2015-04-16 | 2020-01-02 | Zealand Pharma As | Acyleret glucagonanalog |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6400683B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2002-06-04 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Adaptive clock recovery in asynchronous transfer mode networks |
| US6539063B1 (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2003-03-25 | Ibiquity Digital Corporation | System and method for recovering symbol timing offset and carrier frequency error in an OFDM digital audio broadcast system |
| GB0100094D0 (en) * | 2001-01-03 | 2001-02-14 | Vtech Communications Ltd | System clock synchronisation using phased-lock loop |
| US7684413B2 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2010-03-23 | Juniper Networks, Inc. | System and method for rate agile adaptive clocking in a packet-based network |
| US7867167B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2011-01-11 | Johns Hopkins University | Ultrasound calibration and real-time quality assurance based on closed form formulation |
| US20060251126A1 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-09 | Teng-Yi Jen | Method and device for synchronizing clock at transport stream receiving end |
| EP1946293A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-07 | 2008-07-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (PUBL) | Procede et dispositif dans un reseau de telecommunication mobile |
-
2007
- 2007-06-15 FR FR0704267A patent/FR2917552B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-09 TW TW097112804A patent/TW200849842A/zh unknown
- 2008-06-10 EP EP08760751A patent/EP2156584A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-10 WO PCT/EP2008/057190 patent/WO2008155257A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-10 US US12/664,268 patent/US20100172456A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008155257A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2917552B1 (fr) | 2009-08-28 |
| FR2917552A1 (fr) | 2008-12-19 |
| WO2008155257A1 (fr) | 2008-12-24 |
| US20100172456A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| TW200849842A (en) | 2008-12-16 |
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