EP2152566A1 - Dispositif d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement et des manivelles d'entraînement - Google Patents

Dispositif d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement et des manivelles d'entraînement

Info

Publication number
EP2152566A1
EP2152566A1 EP08758057A EP08758057A EP2152566A1 EP 2152566 A1 EP2152566 A1 EP 2152566A1 EP 08758057 A EP08758057 A EP 08758057A EP 08758057 A EP08758057 A EP 08758057A EP 2152566 A1 EP2152566 A1 EP 2152566A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
drive device
crank
torque
magnetostrictive body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08758057A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Grab
Michael Pausch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler KG filed Critical Schaeffler KG
Publication of EP2152566A1 publication Critical patent/EP2152566A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B62M6/50—Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/14—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element is other than a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/1407—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element is other than a torsionally-flexible shaft involving springs
    • G01L3/1428—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element is other than a torsionally-flexible shaft involving springs using electrical transducers
    • G01L3/1435—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element is other than a torsionally-flexible shaft involving springs using electrical transducers involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/24—Devices for determining the value of power, e.g. by measuring and simultaneously multiplying the values of torque and revolutions per unit of time, by multiplying the values of tractive or propulsive force and velocity
    • G01L3/242—Devices for determining the value of power, e.g. by measuring and simultaneously multiplying the values of torque and revolutions per unit of time, by multiplying the values of tractive or propulsive force and velocity by measuring and simultaneously multiplying torque and velocity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2164—Cranks and pedals

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of mechanical engineering and metrology and is particularly applicable to bicycles, ergometers and pedelecs.
  • the front drive shaft is usually driven by means of drive cranks, the so-called cranks, via pedals by the leg force of the men.
  • the drive cranks are usually offset by 180 ° with respect to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft against each other, so that the driving force is transmitted periodically changing over each one of the drive cranks.
  • DE 102005023182 A1 shows a torque detecting device with a torque transmission plate for transmitting torque between a motor output element and a Drehmomentwandleran- drive element, wherein the transmission plate is slightly elastically deformable by targeted weakening due to a torque and wherein deformable webs of the transfer plate strain gauges for detecting the elastic deformation are provided. About the function of the strain gauges nothing else is executed there.
  • DE 102005041287 A1 shows a torque sensor with two partial waves, wherein each of the partial waves is connected to a so-called detection tube and the detection tubes are coaxial with each other.
  • DE 102005006769 A1 generally shows, as a reversal of the magnetostriction, the so-called Villary effect, by means of which, by means of deformation, for example as a result of the torsion of a shaft, a magnetic effect of the shaft is produced.
  • materials showing a Villary effect iron, copper, nickel or alloys of these metals are called.
  • DE 10044701 C1 discloses a transmission device on the pedals of a bicycle, by means of which the pedal force is transmitted to the pedal crank.
  • An elastic element in the form of a spring is compressed by the power transmission and this force action is measured to determine the transmitted torque therefrom.
  • DE 69900898 T2 discloses the use of magnetostrictive elements for torsion measurement, wherein the torsion is to be converted into an electrical voltage by a magnetic material.
  • the present invention has the object, in a drive device for a machine with a rotatable about an axis drive shaft and two with this angle with respect to their axis of rotation connected drive cranks as constructive simple and inexpensive way to find that on to determine the torque acting on the drive shaft.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by at least one magnetostrictive body permanently connected to one of the drive curbs and by a magnetic field sensor for measuring the stray magnetic field of the magnetostrictive body.
  • the torque is transmitted to the drive shaft by driving the drive cranks in the circumferential direction.
  • the drive cranks themselves are subjected to bending and are connected to the drive shaft by means of a screw, for example with a crank star or other joining technology angle stiff.
  • the drive cranks of a measurement or the installation of sensors are particularly accessible.
  • the bending load of a drive crank can be determined at a known flexural rigidity by the present bending deformation. This is shared in accordance with the invention by a fixed to the drive crank magnetostrictive body which is deformed as well as the drive crank.
  • Magnetostrictive, usually permanent-magnetic bodies have the characteristic that their magnetic behavior changes during deformation.
  • a permanent magnetic field can be introduced which is stable and constant as long as the body remains undeformed.
  • this can be designed so that the magnetic flux within the body is closed and thus a minimized stray field penetrates to the outside.
  • the drive device can be calibrated by applying a defined bending moment to the drive crank and measuring the resulting stray magnetic field for different values, and a corresponding measured value table can be stored for evaluation.
  • the determination of the momentarily acting on the drive shaft torque with knowledge of the distance of the magnetostrictive body of the axis can be determined.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a magnetostrictive body is connected to each of the drive cranks.
  • the total torque acting can be determined with higher accuracy. Although you can basically assume a uniform load on both drive cranks, but this is not necessarily ideally fulfilled. By summing thus a higher accuracy is achieved than would be closed only by a one-sided measurement on a drive crank on the total torque. In addition, the asymmetry of the load can also be determined and evaluated for different purposes.
  • a cyclist may be indicated that he either applies his power unevenly to the cranks, or that one of his legs is weaker than the other and requires additional training.
  • the magnetostrictive body can on the one hand be integrated in the drive crank, in that it is inserted into a recess of the drive crank, cast or glued into it, or it can also be provided to set up the magnetostrictive body on the drive crank and to connect it so firmly, that he is the deformation of the drive crank Splits. This is possible, for example, by gluing, soldering or welding.
  • the integration can also be realized in that the magnetostrictive body is connected as part of the drive crank with this ein Anlagenig without a joint.
  • the magnetostrictive body may be magnetized, for example, after the crank is manufactured.
  • the drive cranks must then consist of a magnetizable material. Otherwise, they can be made of other known materials such as steel, titanium alloys or composite materials or graphite.
  • the drive crank from a magnetically inactive material so that the stray field emerging from the magnetostrictive body does not enter directly into the material of the drive crank and the flux lines are closed there. It is desirable that the stray field at least reaches corresponding magnetic field sensors and can be detected there.
  • the corresponding magnetic field sensors may also be integrated with or mounted on the drive crank to effectively measure the magnetic field.
  • Corresponding measured values can be transmitted by line, but also by means of a radio link to an evaluation device.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a magnetostrictive body is firmly connected to the drive shaft in a torque-transmitting area. In this way, by means of an additional magnetic field sensor, the torque acting on the drive shaft can be determined and compared with the partial torque that is introduced by the respective drive crank.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that in a driven element of the drive shaft, in particular in a crank star integrated magnetostrictive body are provided.
  • the corresponding magnetic field sensors can either be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the drive shaft or on this itself or in the vicinity of the output element in the influence region of the stray field of the corresponding magnetostrictive sensor.
  • the invention can also advantageously be designed by an evaluation unit in which a torque is determined from the measured magnetic field strength.
  • corresponding torques are determined by means of a stored formula or by allocation of torque values in a stored value table from the measured magnetic field strengths.
  • These can be for example a bicycle or ergometer also be displayed to give the driver information about the mechanical load of the drive device and the forces that he brings.
  • this can be used as a warning, since it is usually considered more convenient for the human body to exercise at higher speeds and lower torques than too high forces, which strain the skeleton and joints too much. It could then be issued when a corresponding torque threshold is exceeded, a warning that causes the driver to change a transmission gear.
  • averaged torque values should be determined during the evaluation, which are averaged over half a revolution of the drive shaft or less, ie typically for a bicycle or ergometer over the period in which the corresponding drive crank is loaded by pressure.
  • a control unit is advantageously provided, are stored in the threshold values for determined torques and which is connected to an auxiliary drive and / or a switching device for a transmission.
  • the control unit can operate exclusively as a function of the device for determining the torque or additionally also taking into account the rotational speed measured values or the power measured values determined therewith.
  • the evaluation device can also have a power calculation unit.
  • the invention relates not only to a drive device for a machine but also to a method for operating such a machine as described above, wherein the connection and disconnection of an auxiliary drive and / or a switching device taking into account a time-averaged torque and / or the time-averaged power is effected.
  • the invention also relates to a bicycle, a pedelec or an ergometer with a drive device as described above.
  • Figure 1 shows the drive shaft of a bicycle with two cranks and a chainring in perspective.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a part of the drive shaft, a crank star and a drive crank and a corresponding perspective view
  • 3 is a perspective view of a drive device with two cranks and corresponding magnetostrictive bodies. 4 shows a schematic overview of the functions of the evaluation of the measured values.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as a typical component of a bicycle or ergometer or pedelec, two drive cranks 1, 2, also referred to as pedal cranks in which the pedals are omitted, as well as the encapsulation 3 of a drive shaft shown in greater detail in the remaining figures.
  • a number of sprockets 4 is shown, which are connected via a so-called crank star 5 with the drive shaft.
  • the drive cranks 1, 2 may be connected to the drive shaft, for example via a positive connection angle stiff with respect to the axis 6.
  • a magnetostrictive body 7 is shown on the outside of the second drive crank.
  • the magnetostrictive permanent magnetic body is embedded in the material of the drive crank 1 and fixed there, for example by means of soldering.
  • FIG. 2 shows in an overview, that by means of a ring gear, a chain, not shown, is driven, which is usually connected to a corresponding pinion on the rear wheel of the bicycle.
  • the magnetostrictive bodies 9, 10 are shown as forming an integral part of the drive cranks 1, 2.
  • the magnetostrictive bodies 7, 9, 10 have already been magnetized before being put into operation, possibly even before installation in the corresponding drive crank. Its outward stray magnetic field is optimally minimized by having as many flux lines as possible within the material of the magnetostrictive body closed.
  • a magnetic sensor 11, 12 is provided, which may be formed, for example, as conductor coils with or without a ferromagnetic core and whose through-current is monitored.
  • Figure 2 shows in more detail the structure of the drive shaft and its coupling to the ring gear 4, and the crank 1.
  • FIG. 2 On the right side of FIG. 2, a corresponding longitudinal section is shown, on the left side the three-dimensional representation for more detailed reference.
  • the scale is greatly enlarged on the right side of Figure 2 compared to the three-dimensional representation on the left side.
  • It is shown in longitudinal section first part of the drive shaft 13, which is further connected in the part not shown with the second drive crank 2.
  • the drive crank 1 By means of a screw 14, the drive crank 1 is connected to the shaft 13 angle stiff.
  • the drive crank 1 can be formed integrally with a so-called crank star 5, onto which the sprockets 4 are screwed by means of screw connections 15 distributed on the circumference.
  • the drive crank 1 is thus used for introducing the torque in the shaft 13, while the crank star causes by the transmission to the sprockets 4 the output.
  • the figure shows a magnetostrictive body 17 which sits on the crank star and detects a moment at this point. This moment represents a partial moment of the whole. Ideally, such a sensor sits on or in each spoke of the crank star. The sensors can also be integrally integrated into the respective spokes. The sum of the detected torques of these sensors is equal to the total torque, that is, the moment that is transmitted via the chain to the rear wheel, neglecting the efficiency loss of the chain drive.
  • the drive shaft 13 is mounted in rolling bearings, one of which is designated 16, and surrounded by the housing 3 as a whole protective.
  • FIG. 2 shows first a measuring arrangement 10, 11, consisting of a magnetostrictive body 10 and a magnetic field sensor 11.
  • FIG. 4 basically shows the function of the evaluation unit, of a power calculation unit and of a control unit.
  • FIG. 4 shows the shaft 13 and drive cranks 1, 2 and the magnetic field sensors 11, 12 associated therewith.
  • a magnetic field sensor 18 for receiving the output torque to the ring gear 4 is shown.
  • the magnetic field sensors 11, 12, 18 are connected to the evaluation unit 20.
  • the respective momentary, applied to the shaft torque and the sum of the torques is calculated from the corresponding bending moments. This can be compared with the output torque and from this an efficiency can be determined.
  • the torque can be averaged over time, for example, this can also be done individually for the values of the drive cranks 1, 2 in order to determine A symmetries.
  • the maximum acting bending moment on the drive cranks or the maximum acting torque on the shaft 13 can be monitored and sliding time averages, for example for half a rotation of the shaft, can be formed, but also around the mechanical loading of the drive device to calculate, for example, a bicycle, on the musculoskeletal system of this driving man forces.
  • a control unit 23 in which threshold values are stored in a memory unit 24, which are compared with the instantaneously measured values .
  • a control command can be given to an auxiliary drive device 25, for example in the form of an electric motor, which can be switched on or off, and on the other hand a switching device 26 for a transmission can be activated in order to control the forces in the drive. to change drive device while adjusting the speeds.
  • the activation of the switching device 26 can lead to a "smaller" gear being switched if the torque load is too high, which leads, for example, to the selection of a smaller pinion on the ring gear 4.
  • a speed sensor 19 is additionally shown, which is connected to a power calculation unit 21.
  • a speed is calculated via a time detection unit 22 from the pulses of the speed sensor 19, which together with the data of the evaluation unit 20 allows a power calculation.
  • Correspondingly determined powers can also be given to the control unit 23, which can also cause the actuation of an auxiliary drive 25 or a switching device 26 as a function of power values when the speed exceeds or falls below corresponding threshold values.
  • a torque measurement can be carried out in a simple manner, optionally also retrofittable, in a machine of the kind shown, for example a bicycle, an ergometer or a pedelec, which can be used for a variety of purposes of monitoring and control.
  • a machine of the kind shown for example a bicycle, an ergometer or a pedelec, which can be used for a variety of purposes of monitoring and control.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'entraînement destiné à une machine, ce dispositif comprenant un arbre d'entraînement (13) pouvant être mis en rotation autour d'un axe (6) et deux manivelles d'entraînement (1, 2) reliées à cet arbre à angle fixe par rapport à l'axe. Selon l'invention, pour que le couple appliqué à l'arbre d'entraînement puisse être déterminé de manière simple et économique, au moins un corps magnétostrictif (7, 9, 10, 17) est relié de manière fixe à l'une des manivelles d'entraînement et un capteur de champ magnétique (11, 12, 18) est utilisé pour mesurer le champ de dispersion magnétique de ce corps magnétostrictif.
EP08758057A 2007-05-10 2008-05-08 Dispositif d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement et des manivelles d'entraînement Withdrawn EP2152566A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007021972A DE102007021972A1 (de) 2007-05-10 2007-05-10 Antriebseinrichtung mit einer Antriebswelle und Antriebskurbeln
PCT/DE2008/000801 WO2008138320A1 (fr) 2007-05-10 2008-05-08 Dispositif d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement et des manivelles d'entraînement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2152566A1 true EP2152566A1 (fr) 2010-02-17

Family

ID=39751433

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08758057A Withdrawn EP2152566A1 (fr) 2007-05-10 2008-05-08 Dispositif d'entraînement comprenant un arbre d'entraînement et des manivelles d'entraînement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110239815A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2152566A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101715407A (fr)
DE (1) DE102007021972A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008138320A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007021972A1 (de) 2008-11-20
CN101715407A (zh) 2010-05-26
US20110239815A1 (en) 2011-10-06
WO2008138320A1 (fr) 2008-11-20

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