Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
  • C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
  • C04B24/2658—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles containing polyether side chains
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
  • C04B2103/308—Slump-loss preventing agents
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• Dispersion comprising inorganic particles, water and at least one polymeric additive
• the present invention relates to a dispersion comprising inorganic particles, water and at least one polymeric additive.
• the present invention describes a process for the production of concrete and the use of polymers for extending the processing time of dispersions for the production of concrete.
• Polymer additives for improving the processability of dispersions comprising inorganic particles have been known for some time. In this way, in particular, the water content can be reduced with a very high flowability.
• Water-reducing compositions are widely used in cementitious compositions, such as in concrete, to lower the water content (and thereby improve strength) while maintaining the fluidity or "slump" (so that the composition can flow easily, for example, a complicated one) Shuttering around).
• Typical water-reducing agents are so-called “superplasticizers” such as, for example, ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde (“BSN”) condensates and various materials based on polycarboxylates.
• BSN ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde
• One of the problems that the water-reducing agents, in particular the aforementioned polycarboxylates, can cause is the entrainment of excessive volumes of air into the cementitious compositions. While the presence of some air harmless and even beneficial, excessive entrainment of air leads to diminished strength.
• polycarboxylates are set forth inter alia in the document DE 44 20 444.
• these polymers include carboxylic acid groups as well as groups derived from polyoxyalkylenes.
• polymers comprising cationic groups are not disclosed in this reference.
• the publication WO 01/58579 describes dispersions of the kind set out above which comprise polymers having cationic groups and anionic groups. Furthermore, these polymers have repeating units comprising polyoxyalkylene groups.
• the cationic groups can be formed by amino group-containing monomers at a low pH.
• the molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene group-comprising monomers used to prepare the polymers is given in a wide range. A preference of polyoxyalkylene group-containing monomers having a molecular weight of at least 3000 g / mol is not stated.
• a dispersion of the type set forth above which has a particularly good property profile.
• the dis- can be processed over as long a period as possible.
• a constant flowability (slump) of the dispersion over a long period of time is a property to be improved.
• cementitious compositions should have a high slump, but without exaggerated air supply. Moreover, it was therefore an object of the present invention to provide dispersions for the production of concrete, which lead after curing to concrete with excellent mechanical properties.
• the present invention accordingly provides a dispersion comprising inorganic particles, water and at least one water-soluble polymer which is characterized in that the water-soluble polymer repeating units derived from monomers having at least one quaternary ammonium group, repeating units, those of monomers having at least one carboxy group and repeating units derived from polyalkoxyalkylene group-containing ester monomers with a number of lenstoff molecular weight in the range of 3000 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol are derived, having.
• dispersion of the type set out above, which has a particularly good property profile in an unforeseeable manner.
• the dispersion can be processed over a very long period of time.
• preferred dispersions are distinguished in particular by the fact that the flowability (slump) of the dispersion remains relatively constant over a long period of time.
• cementitious compositions have a high slump, but without exaggerated air supply.
• the dispersions of the invention comprise inorganic particles. These particles are well known in the art and include in particular known components for the preparation of cementitious compositions, such as components of cement, sand, gravel and slag residues, which are used for the production of concrete.
• a dispersion of the present invention comprises from 70% to 98.99% by weight, preferably from 80 to 95% by weight of inorganic particles.
• the water contained in the dispersions can be used in a common quality so that service water is sufficient for most purposes. However, drinking water can also be used to prepare the dispersion.
• the water content can be selected within a wide range, whereby preferred dispersions comprise from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight of water.
• a dispersion according to the invention comprises at least one water-soluble polymer, repeating units derived from monomers having at least one quaternary ammonium group, repeating units derived from monomers having at least one carboxy group, and repeat units containing polyalkoxyalkylene group-containing ester monomers having a number average molecular weight in the range of 3000 g / mol to 10000 g / mol.
• repeating unit is well known in the art.
• the present water-soluble polymers can preferably be obtained via free radical polymerization of monomers. This carbon-carbon double bonds are opened to form covalent bonds. Accordingly, the repeating units result from the monomers used for the preparation.
• Monomers having a quaternary ammonium group are widely known in the art. Such monomers are generally free radically polymerizable and have a carbon-carbon double bond.
• a quaternary ammonium group is understood as meaning a group of the formula -R a -NR b R c R d + in which the radicals R a , R b , R c and R d independently represent a radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is linear or branched can be. These radicals may be aliphatic or aromatic.
• the radical R a represents an alkylene group having 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms and the radicals R b , R c and R d are preferably independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6, particularly preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the preferred alkyl radicals include, in particular, the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups.
• the alkenyl radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms include, in particular, the methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene and hexylene groups.
• the alkyl and alkylene radicals can have heteroatoms, for example oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
• the monomer having a quaternary ammonium group is a compound according to formula (I)
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• X is oxygen or a group of the formula -NR * -, in which R * is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• R 1 is a group having 4 to 30, preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms, which has at least one quaternary ammonium group
• R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR ', wherein R' is hydrogen or a group having 4 to 30, preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms having at least one quaternary ammonium group.
• a group of 5 to 30 carbon atoms denotes radicals of organic compounds having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
• aromatic and heteroaromatic groups it also includes aliphatic and heteroaliphatic groups, such as, for example, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylthio and alkenyl groups.
• the groups mentioned can be branched or unbranched.
• aromatic groups are radicals of mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic compounds having preferably 6 to 20, in particular 6 to 12, carbon atoms.
• Heteroaromatic groups denote aryl radicals in which at least one CH group has been replaced by N and / or at least two adjacent CH groups have been replaced by S, NH or O.
• Aromatic or heteroaromatic groups which are preferred according to the invention are derived from benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, diphenyldimethylmethane, bisphenone, diphenylsulfone, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, 1, 3,4 -Oxadiazole, 2,5-diphenyl-1, 3,4-oxadiazole, 1, 3,4-thiadiazole, 1, 3,4-triazole, 2,5-diphenyl-1, 3,4-triazole, 1, 2 , 5-Triphenyl-1, 3,4-triazole, 1, 2,4-oxadiazole, 1, 2,4-thiadiazole, 1, 2,4-triazole, 1, 2,3-triazole, 1, 2,3 , 4-tetrazole, benzo [b]
• the preferred alkyl groups include the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1 - Dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl and the eicosyl group.
• Preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups, optionally substituted with branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
• Preferred alkenyl groups include the vinyl, allyl, 2-methyl-2-propene, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-decenyl and 2-eicosenyl groups.
• Preferred heteroaliphatic groups include the aforementioned preferred alkyl and cycloalkyl radicals wherein at least one carbon moiety is replaced by O, S, or a group NR * or NR R * , and R * and R ** are independently 1 to 6 carbon atoms having alkyl, having 1 to 6 carbon atoms alkoxy or an aryl group.
• a monomer having a quaternary ammonium group is a (meth) acrylate or a (meth) acrylamide.
• the term (meth) acrylates includes methacrylates and acrylates and mixtures of both.
• the quaternary ammonium group has a positive charge.
• the quaternary ammonium monomer may generally have any anion, with halide, sulfate, sulfonate ions being preferred.
• the monomer shows a high water solubility, so that thereby the choice of the anion may be limited.
• TMAEMC 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride
• the water-soluble polymer may preferably have from 1% to 15%, preferably from 2% to 8%, and most preferably from 4% to 6%, by weight of repeating units derived from monomers derived with at least one quaternary ammonium group, based on the total weight of the water-soluble polymer.
• the water-soluble polymers to be used in the present invention include repeating units derived from polyoxyalkylene group-containing ester monomers.
• Polyoxyalkylene groups are commonly obtained by polymerization of epoxides.
• epoxides which can be used to prepare polyoxyalkylene groups include, but are not limited to, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentylene oxide, and hexylene oxide, with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide being particularly preferred.
• two, three or more different epoxides can be used, whereby block copolymers or random polymers can be obtained.
• the polyalkoxyalkylene group-containing ester monomer is a compound of the formula (II)
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• R 4 is an alkoxylated radical of the formula
• R 7 and R 8 are independently hydrogen or methyl
• R 9 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 65 to 230
• R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or a group of the formula in which R "" is hydrogen or an alkoxylated radical of formula (III) set forth above.
• (meth) acrylates which have polyalkoxyalkylene groups.
• These compounds include, in particular, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polybutylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol-polybutylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, Polypropylene glycol-polybutylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polybutylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolybutylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolybutylene glycol (meth ) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acryl
• polyalkoxyalkylene group-containing ester monomers which have a number average molecular weight in the range from 4000 g / mol to 6000 g / mol.
• the number average Mn of the molecular weight can be determined inter alia by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• polyalkoxyalkylene group-containing ester monomers which preferably have a polydispersity index M w / M n in the range from 1.5 to 5.0, particularly preferably in the range from 1.8 to 3.0.
• the weight-average molecular weight Mw can be determined, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• the water-soluble polymer may preferably have from 50% to 98%, preferably from 60% to 85% and most preferably from 70% to 80% by weight of repeating units derived from polyalkoxyalkylene group - pen-containing ester monomers are derived, based on the total weight of the water-soluble polymer.
• the water-soluble polymer to be used according to the invention has repeating units which are derived from monomers having at least one carboxyl group.
• monomers having at least one carboxyl group Such compounds are well known in the art. Suitable examples include in particular unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, in particular acrylic acids, methacrylic acids and their monovalent metal salts, divalent metal salts, ammonium salts and organic amino salts and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid etc. or monoesters of these acids with aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. lenstoffatomen and their monovalent metal salts, divalent metal salts, ammonium salts and organic amine salts. These monomers can be used singly or as a mixture. Of these monomers, particularly preferred are methacrylic acid (2-methylpropenoic acid) and the salts of methacrylic acid (2-methylpropenoic acid) set forth above.
• the water-soluble polymer may preferably comprise from 5% to 30%, preferably from 10% to 25%, and most preferably from 15% to 20%, by weight of repeating units derived from monomers derived with at least one carboxy group, based on the total weight of the water-soluble polymer.
• the water-soluble polymer may have repeating units derived from comonomers.
• Comonomers are monomers that can be copolymerized with the monomers set forth above.
• Suitable compounds which can be used as a comonomer include esters of aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms with (meth) acrylic acid, diesters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, etc.
• the water-soluble polymer particularly preferably contains repeating units which are derived from a (meth) acrylate having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, more preferably of methyl methacrylate as comonomer.
• the water-soluble polymer may preferably have from 0% to 15%, preferably from 1% to 10%, and most preferably from 3% to 6% by weight of repeating units derived from comonomers are derived, based on the total weight of the water-soluble polymer.
• the water-soluble polymer to be used in the present invention can be synthesized using known methods such as solution polymerization or bulk polymerization.
• the solution polymerization may be carried out by a batch, semi-continuous or continuous process.
• Solvents which can be used include water, alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and n-hexane, and ketone compounds such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
• alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol
• aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and n-hexane
• ketone compounds such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
• Methanol, ethanol and isopropanols are particularly suitable alcohols.
• water-soluble polymerization initiators such as ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide and azoamidine compounds such as azobis-2-methylpropionamide hydrochloride may be used. Accelerators such as sodium hydrogen sulfite can be used with these initiators.
• an aromatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester compound or a ketone compound as a solvent peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide; Hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide; and azo compounds such as 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutryonitrile are used as polymerization initiators.
• peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide
• Hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide
• azo compounds such as 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutryonitrile
• the proportion of polymerization initiator is preferably in the range of 0.01 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 0.1 wt .-% to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the preparation of the water-soluble Polymer used mixture.
• the bulk polymerization can be carried out, for example, using peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide, hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide and aliphatic azo compounds such as 2,2-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile as the polymerization initiator and in the temperature range from 50 to 200 ° C.
• peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide
• hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide and aliphatic azo compounds such as 2,2-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
• chain transfer agents or chain transfer agents can be used to prepare the water-soluble polymers to control the molecular weight.
• the preferred chain transfer agents include, for example, mercaptoethanol, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid.
• the proportion of chain transfer agent is preferably in the range of 0.01 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 0.1 wt .-% to 3 wt .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 wt .-% to 1, 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the mixture used to prepare the water-soluble polymer.
• a water-soluble polymer obtainable by polymerizing a monomer composition comprising 1% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 8% by weight, and especially preferably 4% by weight to 6% by weight of at least one monomer having at least one quaternary ammonium group in the alcohol radical,
• At least one ester monomer comprises polyalkoxyalkylene groups having a number average molecular weight in the range from 3000 g / mol to 10000 g / mol,
• water-soluble polymers which preferably have a weight average molecular weight in the range of 5000 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 10,000 to 50,000 g / mol.
• the weight-average molecular weight Mw can be determined inter alia by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• the water-soluble polymer may preferably have a polydispersity index M w / M n in the range of 1.5 to 5.0, more preferably in the range of 1.8 to 3.0.
• the number-average molecular weight Mn can be determined, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• the dispersion preferably comprises from 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.02% by weight to 1% by weight, of water-soluble polymer.
• An aqueous solution of the water-soluble polymer preferably has a pH in the range of 1.8. to 4.5, more preferably in the range of 2.1 to 4.0, wherein the pH can be adjusted via conventional additives, for example via bases, in particular NaOH, KOH or acids, in particular HCl or H 2 SO 4 .
• the dispersion of the present invention may contain conventional additives such as cement dispersing agents, air entrainers, cement wetting agents, expanding agents, water repellents, retarders, water-soluble polymeric substances, thickening agents, coagulants, drying shrinkage reducing agents, strength increasing agents and curing accelerators.
• conventional additives such as cement dispersing agents, air entrainers, cement wetting agents, expanding agents, water repellents, retarders, water-soluble polymeric substances, thickening agents, coagulants, drying shrinkage reducing agents, strength increasing agents and curing accelerators.
• the dispersion according to the invention may include, for example, hydraulic cements such as portland cement, alumina cement and various mixed zeolites. ments or hydraulic materials other than cement, such as gypsum.
• the dispersion of the invention can be used in particular for the production of concrete.
• the dispersion may comprise, for example, cement, in particular Portland cement, slag residues, sand and gravel.
• a dispersion of the invention shows a high, over a long time constant flowability.
• the flowability (slump) of preferred dispersions is at least 150 mm, particularly preferably at least 200 mm and very particularly preferably at least 230 mm, these values being able to be measured immediately after the preparation of the dispersion and 2 hours after the preparation of the dispersion.
• the ratio of the flowability of the dispersion immediately after the preparation and about 2 hours after the preparation is preferably in the range of 1, 5: 1 to 1: 1, 5 and most preferably 1, 2: 1 to 1: 1.2
• the slump can be measured according to GB / T50080-2002 (Chinese National Standard).
• inorganic materials which can be obtained from the present dispersion exhibit excellent mechanical properties, in particular high compressive strength.
• the monomer mixture contained 1 wt .-% thioglycolic acid, based on the total weight of the monomers.
• reaction vessel was stirred at 88 ° C for an additional hour to complete the reaction.
• pH was adjusted to a value of about 6.7 with a 50% NaOH solution.
• the properties of the water-soluble polymer thus obtained were then examined in a dispersion.
• a mixture was prepared which comprised 170 parts by weight of water, 400 parts by weight of cement (Lianhe PO 42.5 type), 70 parts by weight of slag residues, 740 parts by weight of sand, 1030 parts by weight of gravel and 1.0 part by weight of water-soluble polymer.
• the dispersion had a flowability of about 245 mm, 1 hour after production about 265 mm and 2 hours after production of about 245 mm, measured according to.
• Example 1 was essentially repeated except that a methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (MPEGMA) having a molecular weight of about 2000 g / mol was used to prepare the water-soluble polymer.
• MPEGMA methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate
• the dispersion showed a flowability of approx. 265 mm immediately after production, approx. 245 mm 1 hour after preparation and 2 hours after preparation of approx. 210 mm.
• Example 1 was essentially repeated except that dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was used instead of trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride (TMAEMC) to prepare the water-soluble polymer.
• DMAEMA dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
• TMAEMC trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride
• the dispersion showed a flowability of approx. 255 mm immediately after production, approx. 270 mm 1 hour after production and 2 hours after preparation of approx. 195 mm.

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