EP2138995A1 - Fingering mechanism for woodwind instruments - Google Patents

Abstract

The fingering mechanism has a first key (K1) that actuates both a first tone hole (U1') corresponding to the first key and another remote tone hole. The first tone hole is closed only if a second tone hole (U2) that is closer to a mouthpiece, with respect to an air column in a tube of the woodwind instrument, than the first tone hole is closed by closing the first key corresponding to the first tone hole.

Description

introduction

The invention consists in an improvement of the handle mechanism of woodwind instruments, especially oboes. In wind instruments, the pitch corresponds to the length of the oscillating air column, which in principle extends from the mouthpiece to the next opening in the sound pipe. Woodwind instruments achieve different pitches by acoustically opening the sound pipe i.a. laterally mounted tone holes is shortened.

In this sense, the flutes are woodwind instruments, although today they are usually made of metal, but alphorns, panpipes and organs are not.

State of the art

The seven notes of an octave of a major scale require correspondingly seven tone holes. Until the invention of the handle mechanics, the tone holes of the woodwind instruments were arranged so that there is an ascending scale of the basic key by closing all the side tone holes and then successively lifts the individual fingers from bottom to top. These handles close all tone holes from the mouthpiece to a certain one. From this stand all the following tone holes are open. Such handles are hereafter called linear handles, all others, in a slight generalization of the common usage of the term, as fork handles.

For illustration FIG. 1 closed or open tone holes of the modern French oboe for the notes b to c "are filled or unfilled circles. For the notes b 'or #a' as well as c" and #h respectively a fork handle is indicated, for all others a linear handle, on the other hand.

Compared with corresponding or adjacent linear handles, bring fork handles tends to produce restrained to stuffy notes with reduced dynamics and unstable intonation, less frequently also especially and unpleasantly open with increased dynamics.

The juxtaposition of linear grips and fork handles, but also of different fork handles leads to significant tonal inhomogeneity. An extreme example of this is the adjacent notes b 'and c "on the French oboe.

Some describe the sound of b 'as lovely, others as stuffy. Objectively the dynamics are considerably reduced, the intonation unproblematic. In contrast, c "sounds open, almost screaming with pronounced dynamics and unstable intonation.

Until the invention of the handle mechanism, the tones of the fundamental scale were largely realized with linear handles, signed tones, however, with fork handles. Thus, the inhomogeneity was not only hidden, but even substantiated. Today, however, because you want full chromaticity, the inhomogeneity is distracting.

Each halftone needs its own tone hole to avoid fork handles. The usual Überblastechnik develops the entire range from the lowest octave and thus requires 12 tone holes, but a player with his 10 fingers impossible to directly press, especially as one finger holds the instrument and another operated the Überblasklappe. The problem is worsened for instruments that overblow into the duodecime instead of the octave.

Thus, while a diatonic scale can be played with linear grips by the fingers closing the tone holes directly, a chromatic scale requires a handle mechanism that transfers the finger touch to more distant tone holes if necessary.

Today's handle mechanisms largely eliminate fork handles and thus contribute significantly to a homogeneous sound. Conversely, handle mechanisms introduce additional fork handles when a flap, called K ₁ , is supposed to actuate a remote tone hole but undesirably closes the tone hole U ₁ below K ₁ , although another tone hole U ₂ lying closer to the mouthpiece is open.

FIG. 1 shows the situation on the basis of the notes b 'and c "on the French oboe, Systeme Conservatoire: The index finger covers the underlying # f-tone hole with the # f-flap, to the b-tone hole or the c-tone hole via a schematic Since, however, the g-tone hole closer to the mouthpiece is open in each case, two fork handles are created.

The two oboe mechanics currently competing with the Systems Conservatoire avoid closing the #f flap, and thus avoiding the fork grip by selecting b '= #a' from a 'and c "= #h' from h 'by pressing a win another flap.

The Viennese oboe uses a trill flap and thereby loses flexibility and sound quality. The English thumbplate system uses an additional thumb lever and loses a significant portion of the range because the thumb lever can not be combined with a third octave flap.

Oboes, which allow both fingering of the thumb plate system as well as the systems Conservatoire, do not combine the advantages of both systems; the player can only choose the more acceptable deficiency for him. Advanced players are reluctant to accept new or duplicate fingering. In practice, the thumb-plate system is limited to Commonwealth countries, the Vienna oboe to Vienna and its Philharmonic.

Technical problem to be solved

The aim of the invention is, while fully retaining the usual grip technique to implement this mechanically so that fork handles are avoided with their tonal disadvantages.

Presentation of the invention

This problem is solved by the invention by a handle mechanism according to claim 1. This handle mechanism is characterized in that not closing the first tone hole is always closed by closing a first tone hole belonging to a first flap, but only if at least one - preferably all - closer to the mouthpiece (s) second (s) Tonloch / Tonlöcher is also closed / are. The invention thus makes it possible to avoid the involuntary but undesirable closing of the underlying first sound hole in each handle in which the pressure of a finger over a flap is to operate a remote tone hole, unless each tone hole closer to the mouthpiece is also closed. In other words, it is preferable to close the first tone hole only when a second tone hole closer to the mouthpiece and the first flap are both closed. In this way, by operating the first flap, it is possible to close a halftone hole, eg in the case of the oboe, preferably the c 'or the b' hole, without the tone hole belonging to the first flap, eg in the case of the oboe, preferably # f-tone hole, close. In this way, fork handles are avoided, and possible all tones realized by linear handles. In addition, the invention allows to maintain the old grip technique.

Most preferably, the woodwind instrument is an oboe; However, the invention can also be used in all other woodwind instruments, in particular in the flute, the clarinet, the bassoon and the saxophone. Preferably, it is a woodwind instrument with Ganzton- and half-tone holes.

Applied to the notes b 'and c "of the oboe, this means combining the sonic merits of the thumbwheel system with the more common fingering of the Systems Conservatoire.The inventor has recognized that linear handles tend to result in free-sounding sounds with pronounced dynamics little with the pitch, which gives a homogeneous overall sound In the oboe the notes c "and b 'fit seamlessly into the series of surrounding tones; c "becomes sweeter, b 'becomes stronger, but remains beautiful, the dynamics are balanced and the intonation without any problems.

Preferably, it is a modification of the mechanics of the French oboe, in which the most widely used method of the System Conservatoire is preserved. Preferably, in the oboe, the handle mechanics are changed so that, while retaining the handles and all other properties, the #f flap prevents the #f flap from playing when b ', c ", b" and c''' are played. Tonloch closes. Namely, the # f-tone hole is to be closed exactly when both the #f-flap, as well as a closer to the mouthpiece located flap, preferably the g-flap, are closed. This means that despite the usual fingering no fork handle is present.

The first tone hole is preferably a whole tone hole, which lies directly under a flap in a known grip mechanism for the respective woodwind instrument. According to the prior art, this first door would close directly the first sound hole when the player presses the flap, so presses it with his finger against the pipe. That is, the first flap directly actuates the first tone hole.

In the invention, however, the handle mechanism and / or the first tone hole are preferably changed so that the first flap does not directly actuate the first tone hole, but via a mediating first mechanism. This makes it possible to design the mechanism such that pushing down the first flap does not always close the first tone hole. There are several ways to do this.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first tone hole - in the oboe preferably the # f tone hole - is not located directly under the associated first flap, but e.g. moved along the perimeter of the wind instrument. The first tone hole is then no longer arranged in a row with the above and below tone holes and is preferably closed by a first mechanism by operating the first flap. In this way it is possible to set up a mechanism in which the associated tone hole is not automatically closed when the flap of a first sound hole is actuated. Preferably, the tone hole, as seen by the player, is displaced circumferentially about 20 to 120 degrees, preferably 40 to 100 degrees, and most preferably about 90 degrees ± 5 degrees, preferably clockwise. The shifted tone hole should not be placed too far from the conventional bore, especially preferably not on the opposite side of the sound tube while playing, so that it can not be plugged by condensate running down the back of the instrument.

The first flap belonging to this first tone hole is retained, but does not close any more underlying tone hole. Instead, a stopper made of cork, rubber or plastic is preferably attached, which dampens or prevents the impact of the flap on the sound tube.

This embodiment of the invention is based on the recognition that for the acoustics only the distance of a sound hole from the upper end of the sound tube, to which the mouthpiece is attached, is crucial. A sound hole can thus be easily moved on a circular path around the sound tube.

Preferably, a second mechanism is provided which prevents the first tone hole from being closed when the second tone hole is open. This second mechanism is preferably connected to a second flap associated with the second tone hole and preferably communicates with the first mechanism.

Both the first and the second mechanism preferably comprise a rocker, which is resiliently acted upon in one of its two tilted positions, wherein the tilted position is preferably adjustable by actuating the first and second flap via a lever mechanism. According to a first variant, one or both rockers are at least substantially parallel - i. with a deviation of up to 10 ° or 20 ° - arranged to the axis of the sound tube of the Holblasinstruments. According to a second variant, one or both rockers may also be arranged transversely to the axis of the sound tube, so be mounted in the circumferential direction of the sound tube, with a deviation of up to 10 ° or 20 ° is also possible here.

According to yet another variant, the handle mechanism on an additional flap, which is elastically held by a return device in the closed position and actuates the first tone hole. Most preferably, the two flaps associated with the first and second tone holes open a return device, such as a return device. holding a spring elastically in the open position, the above-mentioned additional flap, when the flaps are in the open position.

Thus, when the second tone hole is open, the handle mechanism preferably prevents the first tone hole from being closed. Thus, it can preferably be provided that, by actuating the first flap, another half-tone hole lying closer to the mouthpiece (eg the b'- or c "-tone hole in the oboe) is closed Realization of halftones without fork handles possible.

Preferably, the first and second tone holes are consecutive whole-tone holes, in the case of the oboe, preferably the #f and g-tone holes.

Finally, the invention is also directed to a handle mechanism for woodwind instruments with Ganzton- and half-tone holes, in which each tone all the tone holes from the mouthpiece to a certain tone are also closed and the other, existing below the specific Tonlochs tone holes are all open. Incidentally, the handle mechanism can be designed as described above.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of preferred embodiments using the example of the oboe with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1

schematische Draufsichten auf eine Oboe mit Tonlöchern, demonstrierend die Griffe gemäß Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

schematische Schnittansichten durch das Oberteil einer Oboe im Bereich des ersten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₁ und C₁) und durch das Mittelteil einer Oboe im Bereich des zweiten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₂ und C₂), jeweils bei geöff neter Klappe (O₁ und O₂) und bei geschlossener Klappe (C₁ und C₂), vom Spieler aus gesehen, mit einer Griffmechanik gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 3

schematische Draufsichten auf einen Ausschnitt der Oboe der Fig. 2 im Bereich des ersten und des zweiten Tonlochs, wobei die Zeichnungen A-D nur Ausschnitt mit dem Wippen-Mechanismus in verschiedenen Öffnungszuständen zeigen;

Fig. 4

Um ca. 90° gedrehte Draufsichten auf das Mittelteil der Fig. 3, ohne den ersten Mechanismus (links) und mit erstem Mechanismus (rechts);

Fig. 5

schematische Draufsichten auf einen Ausschnitt der Oboe mit Griffmechanik gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich des ersten und des zweiten Tonlochs, wobei die Zeichnungen A-D nur Ausschnitt mit dem Wippen-Mechanismus in verschiedenen Öffnungszuständen zeigen;

Fig. 6

schematische Schnittansichten durch das Oberteil einer Oboe im Bereich des ersten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₁ und C₁) und durch das Mittelteil einer Oboe im Bereich des zweiten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₂ und C₂), jeweils bei geöff neter Klappe (O₁ und O₂) und bei geschlossener Klappe (C₁ und C₂), vom Spieler aus gesehen, mit einer Griffmechanik gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 7

Eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Griffmechanik gemäß einem dritten Ausfiihrungsbeispiel im Bereich des ersten und des zweiten Tonlochs;

Fig. 8

schematische Schnittansichten durch das Oberteil einer Oboe im Bereich des ersten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₁ und C₁) und durch das Mittelteil einer Oboe im Bereich des zweiten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₂ und C₂), jeweils bei geöff neter Klappe (O₁ und O₂) und bei geschlossener Klappe (C₁ und C₂), vom Spieler aus gesehen, mit einer Griffmechanik gemäß dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 9

eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Griffmechanik gemäß dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich des ersten und des zweiten Tonlochs;

Fig. 10

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht auf die Kupplung zwischen den beiden Wellen gemäß dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 11

schematische Schnittansichten durch das Oberteil einer Oboe im Bereich des ersten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₁ und C₁) und durch das Mittelteil einer Oboe im Bereich des zweiten Tonlochs (Zeichnungen O₂ und C₂), jeweils bei geöff neter Klappe (O₁ und O₂) und bei geschlossener Klappe (C₁ und C₂), vom Schallbecher aus gesehen, mit einer Griffmechanik gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 12

eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Griffmechanik gemäß dem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich des ersten und des zweiten Tonlochs;

Fig. 13

Schematische Draufsichten auf eine Oboe, wobei nur die Ganztonlöcher in verschiedenen Nebengriffen dargestellt sind.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

schematic plan views of an oboe with tone holes, demonstrating the handles according to the prior art;

Fig. 2

schematic sectional views through the top of an oboe in the region of the first Tonloch (drawings O ₁ and C ₁ ) and through the middle part of an oboe in the region of the second Tonloch (drawings O ₂ and C ₂ ), in each case geöff designated flap (O ₁ and O ₂ ) and with the flap (C ₁ and C ₂ ) closed, seen from the player, with a handle mechanism according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 3

schematic plan views of a section of the oboe the Fig. 2 in the region of the first and the second Tonloch, the drawings AD show only part of the rocker mechanism in different opening states;

Fig. 4

By about 90 ° rotated plan views of the middle part of the Fig. 3 without the first mechanism (left) and with the first mechanism (right);

Fig. 5

schematic plan views of a section of the oboe with grip mechanism according to a second embodiment in the region of the first and the second Tonloch, wherein the drawings AD show only cutout with the rocker mechanism in different opening states;

Fig. 6

schematic sectional views through the top of an oboe in the region of the first Tonloch (drawings O ₁ and C ₁ ) and through the middle part of an oboe in the region of the second Tonloch (drawings O ₂ and C ₂ ), in each case geöff designated flap (O ₁ and O ₂ ) and with the flap (C ₁ and C ₂ ) closed, seen from the player, with a handle mechanism according to the second embodiment;

Fig. 7

A schematic plan view of a section of the handle mechanism according to a third embodiment in the region of the first and the second Tonloch;

Fig. 8

schematic sectional views through the top of an oboe in the region of the first Tonloch (drawings O ₁ and C ₁ ) and through the middle part of an oboe in the region of the second Tonloch (drawings O ₂ and C ₂ ), in each case geöff designated flap (O ₁ and O ₂ ) and with the flap (C ₁ and C ₂ ) closed, seen from the player, with a handle mechanism according to the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 9

a schematic plan view of a section of the handle mechanism according to the fourth embodiment in the region of the first and the second Tonloch;

Fig. 10

a schematic perspective view of the coupling between the two shafts according to the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 11

schematic sectional views through the top of an oboe in the region of the first Tonloch (drawings O ₁ and C ₁ ) and through the middle part of an oboe in the region of the second Tonloch (drawings O ₂ and C ₂ ), in each case geöff designated flap (O ₁ and O ₂ ) and with the flap (C ₁ and C ₂ ) closed, viewed from the bell, with a handle mechanism according to a fifth embodiment;

Fig. 12

a schematic plan view of a section of the handle mechanism according to the fifth embodiment in the region of the first and the second Tonloch;

Fig. 13

Schematic top views of an oboe, with only the whole-tone holes shown in various minor handles.

Description of preferred embodiments

Preferably, it is a modification of the mechanics of the oboe, and preferably the invention is applied simultaneously to the tones b 'and c ", then the # f and the first tone hole, and preferably the g and the second tone hole, are analogous correspond to the # f and the first flap, as well as the g and the second flap.

Figures 2 and 3 schematically show an oboe with a handle mechanism according to a first embodiment seen from the mouthpiece in the direction of the inner bore or in a lateral plan view. Additionally shows FIG. 4 Slanted images on which the sound hole U ₁ can be seen, which is otherwise covered by the flap K ₁ . All figures given represent parts of the mechanics that correspond to the prior art, flat, while new parts hatched.

How on FIG. 2 can be seen, the flap K _{1 is} rotatably suspended on the shaft ℓ ₁ and is held by a spring F ₁ "open", ie away from the sound tube. By pressing with his finger on the flap K ₁ , the underlying tone hole U _{1 is} closed. Accordingly, the flap K ₂ actuates the tone hole U ₂ . It is rotatably mounted on a shaft ℓ ₂ in the extension of ℓ ₁ and is held by a spring F ₂ in the open position. As FIG. 3 K ₁ , ℓ ₁ , F ₁ and U _{1 are} usually located on the middle part T _{1 of} the oboe at the border to the upper part, K ₂ , ℓ ₂ , F ₂ and U _2, on the other hand, are at the upper part T ₂ at the boundary to Middle part T ₁ attached.

The first object of the invention is not to involuntarily close the underlying tone hole U ₁ with the pressing of the flap K ₁ .

Preferably, this is achieved by the sound hole U _{1 is} no longer located directly under the associated flap K ₁ , but, as in FIG. 4 shown left, is moved along a circular path around the longitudinal axis of the sound tube. The tone hole U ₁ is thus replaced by U ₁ '. This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that the acoustic effect of a sound hole depends only on its distance from the mouth end of the sound tube. The rotation is preferably selected so that U ₁ 'is at a location which is not obscured by K ₁ , remains free from condensate running down and optionally provides sufficient space for additional mechanics. In the embodiment of the mechanism described here, the preferred rotation seen by the player is approximately 90 ° clockwise.

The flap K ₁ preferably remains in place. Preferably, instead of U _1, a stopper S is provided which prevents K ₁ striking the sound pipe.

The new tone hole U ₁ 'is no longer directly operated by the K ₁ as the original, but preferably by a rigidly connected to the flap K ₁ but on the other side of the shaft ℓ ₁ mounted lever H ₁ , on or over End E _{1 of} a rocker W ₁ engages, which preferably runs parallel to the shaft ℓ ₁ and at the other end of a plate P _{1 is} attached, which can open the sound hole U ₁ 'and close (see FIG. 3 ). The rocker W ₁ is rotatably mounted on a bearing L ₁ between E ₁ and P ₁ . A spring f ₁ holds the rocker W ₁ in the horizontal position in which the plate P ₁ closes the tone hole U ₁ '. The mechanism is completely attached to the middle part T _{1 of} the oboe, a nose N ₁ at the E ₁ opposite end of W ₁ on the plate P ₁ extends to the interface to the upper part.

Symmetrically with respect to mechanics on the central part of the oboe, consists of part of the mechanism on the upper part D ₂ of the oboe from a rigid with the flap K ₂ but connected on the other side of the shaft ℓ ₂ mounted lever H _2, the one end E ₂ of a seesaw

W ₂ engages, which is preferably mounted parallel to ℓ ₂ and the other end carries a nose N ₂ , which extends to the middle part T _{1 of} the oboe. The rocker W ₂ is rotatably mounted in a bearing L ₂ between E ₂ and N ₂ . A spring f ₂ holds W ₂ in the horizontal position in which N _{2 is} close to the sound tube. The flap K ₂ is the normal flap for actuating an underlying second tone hole U ₂ .

At the transition from upper to middle part of the oboe, the two mechanisms engage at the noses N ₁ and N ₂ .

If the player pushes the flap K ₁ towards the sound tube, then the lever H ₁ moves in opposite directions away from the sound tube and releases the rocker W ₁ . If K ₂ is additionally pressed, the lever H ₂ also releases the rocker W ₂ . According to Figure 3 A go both rockers, driven by the springs f ₁ and f ₂ , in the horizontal position in which the two lugs are close to the sound tube and in the U ₁ 'is closed.

When K _{1 is released} , the spring F ₁ "opens" the flap K ₁ and moves the lever H ₁ towards the sound tube. Against the resistance of the spring f ₁ , the lever H ₁ brings the rocker W ₁ in the tilted position and P ₁ opens the tone hole U ₁ '. As FIG. 3B This is true irrespective of the position of K ₂ or H ₂ .

If K ₂ is released instead, F ₂ "opens" the flap K ₂ or the corresponding tone hole U ₂ and moves H ₂ towards the sound tube. As FIG. 3C shows holds the lever H _2, the rocker W ₂ in the tilted position, ie so that the nose N _{2 is} removed from the sound tube. Since the two rockers are suitably coupled to their noses N ₁ and N ₂ , for example, the nose N ₂ engages under the nose N ₁ , thus W ₁ goes into the tilted position and U ₁ opens, provided that the spring F ₂ outweighs f ₁ and f _{2 taken} together. Obviously, this applies regardless of the position of K ₁ or 1 of H ₁ .

Preferably, the rocker W _{2 is provided} with two indentations B ₂ , which in FIG. 3 above example between bearing L ₂ and nose N _{2 are} attached. They serve to bridge the two mounted in the usual handle mechanism at this point camp, which preferably cross the rocker W ₂ at right angles. One of the bearings belongs to another rocker, which must also be provided with a recess which bridges the lever H ₂ .

The ends of the rockers W ₁ and W ₂ are preferably to be filled with cork and the levers H ₁ and H ₂ are provided with screws. For simplicity, these parts of the mechanics are not shown in the drawing.

At the interface between the upper part T ₂ and the middle part T _{1 of} the oboe, the rockers of the new mechanism engage the lugs N ₁ and N ₂ . To the oboe when assembling Do not damage the upper and middle section, you usually press on the top of the CD Trillerklappe and on the other side of the above-mentioned further rocker. With the new mechanism, additionally press the g-flap to bring the rocker W ₂ into the horizontal position. As usual, leaves the flap K ₁ in rest position and thus the shaft W ₁ in tilted position. As FIG. 3 D shows, then N _{2 is} close to the sound tube, N _1, however, removed. This allows the upper and middle sections to be pushed together and separated again.

In oboes, the invention is used to particular advantage when upper and middle parts are connected to a bayonet lock which is so narrow that the # f tone hole can be attached to the acoustically ideal position near the transition between upper and middle part.

The essence of the invention is to close the U ₁ tone hole only when U ₂ and K _{1 are} both closed, but not in a specific implementation of this logic. Now that an embodiment of the invention has been presented, again the essential aspects are listed.

Preferably, the mechanism and / or the tone hole U ₁ are changed so that the flap K _1, the optionally modified tone hole U ₁ 'no longer necessarily closes. Preferably, U ₁ 'is no longer directly operated as originally by K ₁ , but preferably by a plate P ₁ , which lies above U ₁ . The plate P ₁ is preferably mounted on a rocker W ₁ which is rotatably mounted in a bearing L ₁ and provided with a return device, such as a spring f ₁ , which in itself holds W ₁ in a "horizontal" position, in which Plate P ₁ closes the tone hole U ₁ '.

In order to determine whether the tone hole U _{2 is} open, a flap K ₂ is preferably used as described above. For handle mechanisms such as those found in older oboes, the flap K ₂ must first be attached together with the reset device.

If both flaps K ₁ and K _{2 are} pressed, ie in the closed position, the rocker W _{1 is left} in the closed position. If, however, at least one flap is released, W ₁ moves, driven by the return device F ₁ or F ₂ of K ₁ or of K ₂ , and against the force of f ₁ in the open "tilted position" on.

In order to give an impression of the variety of possible realizations, we give below some further embodiments.

In the in FIG. 3 shown first embodiment is the end E _{2 of} the rocker W ₂ between the lever H ₂ and the sound tube and the spring f ₂ holds W ₂ horizontally.

An equivalent mechanism results when the lever H _{2 is located} between the sound tube and the end E ₂ and for the spring f ₂ is mounted so that it takes the rocker W ₂ in the tilted position, as in FIG. 5 shown above, if only f ₂ outweighs the spring f ₁ . Therefore, this second embodiment is somewhat easier to implement compared with the one described first. An adjusting screw must be fitted to E ₁ instead of H ₁ .

The end E _{1 of} the rocker W ₁ and the lever H ₁ can also be designed according to a third embodiment, that they always move in the same direction, for example by firmly interlocking as FIG. 7 illustrated. One of the springs F ₂ or f ₂ is then superfluous.

In addition to the above-described fairly closely related embodiments, there are also further, with attached transversely to the axis of the sound tube additional flap. Put one of them FIGS. 8 and 9 In this fourth embodiment, the two shafts ℓ ₁ and ℓ ₂ are connected to each other such that the movement of the flap K ₂ can be transmitted to the upper part of the lever H ₂ , which is arranged in this embodiment, the central part T ₁ . The elements of this mechanism, which correspond to elements of the above-described realizations, are named the same.

The top two pictures off FIG. 8 show how the lever H ₁ and the end E _{1 of} the rocker W ₁ interlock. By the nature of the attachment of the spring f ₁ at the end of E ₁ , she holds W ₁ taken in the closed position. If K ₁ opens, then the lever H ₁ and the end E _{1 of} the rocker W ₁ approach the sound pipe and the plate P ₁ on the rocker W ₁ opens the sound hole U ₁ '. The lever H ₂ , which is operated by the second flap K ₂ , engages the end E ₁ in the same manner as H ₁ . Thus P ₁ opens the tone hole U ₁ 'when either K ₁ or K _{2 are} open. FIG. 9 shows how the mechanics work on top T ₂ and middle part T ₁ distributed.

Preferably, the lever H ₂ on the shaft ℓ ₁ , that is attached to the central part T ₁ , the flap K ₂ but on the shaft ℓ ₂ on the upper part T _{2 of} the Oboe. This requires a coupling K, which transmits the rotational movement from the shaft on the top part ℓ ₂ to the shaft on the middle part ℓ ₁ . One possibility is in FIG. 10 shown. The coupling consists of two complementary sprockets, each attached to the ends of the shafts ℓ ₁ and ℓ ₂ . When assembled, an internal ring gear engages on one shaft via an external ring gear on the other shaft, so that they are rotatably connected to each other. However, the waves ℓ ₁ , ℓ ₂ can be easily separated from each other by pulling along the axes.

Optionally, H ₂ may be equipped with its own spring F ₂ '(not shown) acting in the same direction as F ₂ .

In FIG. 8 below it should be noted that the flap K _{2 is} in the foreground on the top of the oboe, the rocker W ₁ and the attacking lever H ₂ but on the middle part, ie in the background.

Finally, ask Figures 11 and 12 a fifth embodiment, which requires the oboe, however, to modify the existing mechanics to make room for the new mechanics. Attention: FIG. 11 shows the mechanics seen from the horn.

The tone hole U ₁ 'results from the original tone hole U ₁ by a few degrees clockwise rotation seen from the bell. As in the other implementations, U ₁ 'is covered by a plate P ₁ mounted on a rocker W ₁ which is rotatably mounted on a bearing L ₁ and held in a closed position by a spring f ₁ .

As in the previously described embodiment, the new flap is transverse to the axis - that is approximately in the circumferential direction - of the sound tube, but this time with the plate P ₁ upwards. Thus, K ₁ accesses directly without additional lever H _1, with a rigidly associated with P ₁ N nose. ₁ If the flap K ₁ opens, the plate also opens P ₁ . However, the plate P ₁ may be open when K _{1 is} closed. The power transmission from K ₂ to P ₁ is similar to that in the previous variant. The lever H ₂ engages in the same manner as K ₁ under the asymmetrically shaped nose N. ₁ In FIG. 11 Please note below that K _{2 is} at the top, H ₂ is at the middle. Therefore, not K ₂ , but H ₂ in the foreground and operates W ₁ on the nose N ₁ . FIG. 12 shows a power transmission from K ₂ to P ₁ via the waves ℓ ₁ and ℓ ₂ analogous to that in FIG. 9 shown.

b'

Der Hauptgriff bringt einen etwas offeneren Ton und erlaubt eine ausgeprägtere Dynamik. Die Nebengriffe klingen kaum anders als der Hauptgriff.

c"

Der Hauptgriff führt zu einem schöneren, stabileren Klang, der sich besser in die Reihe der benachbarten Töne einfügt. Die Nebengriffe klingen beide offener und praktisch gleich.

#c"

Während der Hauptgriff unberührt bleibt, führt der Nebengriff zu einem schöneren Ton. Die bisherige Wirkung des Nebengriffs kann mit dem dritten angegebenen Griff erzielt werden, der bei Goosens nicht angegeben ist.

b"

Beim Hauptgriff ist die neue Mechanik von der alten kaum zu unterscheiden. Die Nebengriffe sind unverändert.

C'''

Wie bei b" ist beim Hauptgriff die neue Mechanik von der alten kaum zu unterscheiden. Der Nebengriff klingt mit der neuen Mechanik etwas besser.

Based on Fig. 12 were the Nebengriffe after Goossens, Leon & Roxburgh, Edwin: "The Oboe" (Yehudi Mehunins Music Guide), Edition Sven Erik Bergh, 1979, ISBN 3-88065-107-8 , examined. The effect of the new handle mechanics on these critical handles, where the # f valve is closed and the g-valve is open, is as shown below:

b '

The main handle brings a slightly more open tone and allows a more pronounced dynamics. The auxiliary handles sound little different than the main handle.

c "

The main handle results in a nicer, more stable sound that blends in better with the range of adjacent notes. The auxiliary handles sound both more open and practically the same.

#c "

While the main handle remains untouched, the sub-handle leads to a more beautiful tone. The previous effect of the secondary handle can be achieved with the third specified handle, which is not specified in Goosens.

b "

In the main grip, the new mechanics are almost indistinguishable from the old ones. The secondary handles are unchanged.

C '''

As with b ", the new handle is almost indistinguishable from the old one in the main handle, and the secondary handle sounds a bit better with the new mechanism.

Claims (15)

Handle mechanism for a woodwind instrument, characterized in that by closing a to a first sound hole (U ₁ ') associated first flap (K ₁ ) not in each case the first tone hole (U ₁ ') is closed, but only if a closer The second tone hole (U ₂ ) lying on the mouthpiece is also closed. Handle mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the handle mechanism and / or the first tone hole (U ₁ ) are changed so that the first flap (K ₁ ) does not directly actuate the first tone hole (U ₁ '), but via a mediating first Mechanism. Handle mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first tone hole (U _{1 '} ) is not arranged directly under the associated first flap (K ₁ ). Handle mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first tone hole (U ₁ ') relative to the first flap (K ₁ ) along the circumferential direction of the woodwind instrument is displaced and via a first mechanism (H ₁ , W ₁ ) by actuating the first Flap (K ₁ ) can be closed. Handle mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second mechanism (H ₂ , W ₂ ) prevents the first sound hole (U ₁ ') is closed when the second sound hole (U ₂ ) is open. Handle mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sound hole (U ₂ ) by operation of a second flap (K ₂ ) is to be closed. Handle mechanism according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the first and / or the second mechanism each comprise a first and a second rocker (W ₁ , W ₂ ), which acts elastically in one of its two tilted positions is, wherein the tilting position by actuating the first and second flap (K ₁ , K ₂ ) via a lever mechanism (H ₁ , H ₂ ) is adjustable. Handle mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and / or the second rocker (W ₁ , W ₂ ) is arranged at least substantially parallel to the axis of the sound tube of the woodwind instrument. Handle mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and / or the second rocker (W ₁ , W ₁ ) is arranged at least substantially transversely to the axis of the sound tube of the woodwind instrument. Handle mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an additional flap (P ₁ ), which is elastically held by a restoring device in the closed position, the first tone hole (U ₁ ') actuated. Handle mechanism according to claim 10, characterized in that the two sound holes (U ₁ , U ₂ ) associated flaps (K ₁ , K ₂ ), which holds a return device (f ₁ ) elastically in the open position, the above-mentioned additional flap (P ₁ ) when the flaps (K ₁ , K ₂ ) are in the open position. Handle mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further sound hole is also closed by closing the flap (K ₁ ) belonging to the first tone hole (U ₁ '). Handle mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the woodwind instrument is an oboe. Handle mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that the first tone hole (U ₁ ') is the # f tone hole and the second tone hole (U ₂ ) is the g tone hole. Handle mechanism for woodwind instruments, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with each tone all tone holes from the mouthpiece to a certain tone hole (U _{1 '} ) are closed, and the other, existing below the specific tone hole tone holes are all open.

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