EP2112632A1 - Method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport with a carrier medium for electronic tickets - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves reserving a data element to availability recognition with availability recognition of journey sections that are temporarily provided in course of passenger journeys in case of access of a passenger in a transport unit e.g. bus, in course of the passenger journeys. A confirmation data set with the data element is retransmitted to availability recognition of an actual passenger of the transport unit by a transmitter/receiver (3) at a respective ticket carrier medium (2) after generation of registered data sets.

Description

The invention relates to a method for registering passenger travel in means of transport between a start and a destination by means of a carrier medium for electronic tickets, which has a memory, a processor and an antenna for data exchange with a transceiver installed in each means of transport ,

The use of electronic tickets in public transport is widely used internationally. Various solutions have been implemented, but usually require the active participation of passengers when entering and leaving the transport facilities in the form of registration and Abmeldehandlungen mandatory. In order to increase passenger comfort and improve the quality of passenger registrations, so-called "walk-in / walk-out" procedures have been developed in which a ticket carried by the passenger and the acquisition devices installed by the service provider communicate with each other automatically.
The DE 10 2004 063 600 A1 discloses a method approach whose basic idea - in contrast to numerous other proposed solutions for electronic ticketing - is based on the fact that the passenger continues to have a ticket valid for the parameters of his intended trip (starting location, destination, date of travel, class etc ...) before departure which is registered once or several times in the course of the journey. Thus, for example, especially for traffic, which are provided within transport networks or tariff communities of different transport service providers, a clear basis for revenue sharing, etc. created. For this purpose, the DE 10 2004 063 600 A1 in that a smart card reader for conventional contactless chip cards is installed in the means of transport. Alternatively, the ticket carrier medium may also consist of a mobile phone which can communicate with the smart card reader by means of an additional function as a contactless chip card according to RFID technology. Although according to the doctrine of DE 10 2004 063 600 A1 the check-out process is abolished at the end of a passenger journey, so there is a certain disadvantage for the passenger is that at each boarding in a transport first go to a smart card reader installed in the transport and there check his electronic ticket and register. Although this is only a brief process, it is still an inconvenience to the passenger.

As a further development to the disclosed DE 10 2006 015 237 A1 a method whereby all electronic tickets stored on ticket-carrying media (such as cell phones) are automatically captured by a room-capture system. The smart card readers are replaced by alarm clocks above the door and by a transceiver on the ceiling of the passenger compartment.

However, technologically relatively complex ticket carrier media (smartcard or RFID mobile phone) are used in all hitherto known approaches to electronic ticketing, the provision of which mostly makes economic sense only for frequent users of public transport. Due to these relatively complex ticket carrier media, a relatively high access barrier for rare users is built up in the previously known approaches. This is a clear disadvantage of electronic ticketing compared to the "traditional" ticketing system that is still used today, where individual users can purchase and use simple paper-based tickets.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method for registering passenger travel in means of transport by means of a carrier medium for electronic tickets, which makes it possible to buy today's common single tickets, which are purchased shortly before the start of the journey at a vending machine and immediately are to be connected to the known from the prior art method for registration of passenger travel.

• ■ im Falle eines Zustiegs des Fahrgastes in ein im Verlauf der Fahrgast-Reise erstes Verkehrsmittel das Datenelement zur Gültigkeitskennung mit einem Default-Wert belegt ist,
• ■ im Falle eines Zustiegs des Fahrgastes in ein im Verlauf der Fahrgast-Reise zweites oder weiteres Verkehrsmittel das Datenelement zur Gültigkeitskennung mit der Gültigkeitskennung des im Verlauf der Fahrgast-Reise zeitlich vorangehenden Fahrtabschnittes belegt ist,

sowie nach erfolgter Generierung jedes Anmelde-Datensatzes ein Bestätigungs-Datensatz mit einem Datenelement zur Gültigkeitskennung der aktuellen Fahrt des Verkehrsmittels von der Sende-/Empfangsvorrichtung an das jeweilige Ticket-Trägermedium zurück übertragen wird.This object is achieved in conjunction with the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention that the ticket carrier medium during the passenger-triggered ticket acquisition by storing data elements to denote the ticket type and time and place of the ticket acquisition in the memory the ticket carrier medium is initialized,
during a time subsequent to the ticket purchase phase after the passenger has entered a means of transport to be used in the passenger journey after transmitting a start signal by the transceiver assigned to the means of transport to all the ticket located in the spatial sphere of influence of this transceiver Carrier media, a request for generating a log-on record containing a data element to the validity identifier is transmitted from each ticket carrier medium to the transceiver, wherein

• If, in the case of an approach of the passenger into a first means of transport in the course of the passenger journey, the data element for the validity identifier is assigned a default value,
• In the case of an approach of the passenger into a second or further means of transport in the course of the passenger journey, the data element for the validity identifier is assigned the validity identifier of the journey section which chronologically precedes in the course of the passenger journey,

and after the generation of each log-on record, a confirmation data record with a data element for the validity identifier of the current drive of the means of transport is transmitted back from the transmitting / receiving device to the respective ticket carrier medium.

• Der erste RFID-Reader ist noch im Verkaufsautomat der Einzelfahrkarten eingebaut und dient der Initialisierung des elektronischen Tickets. Bei dem zweiten und dem dritten dieser RFID-Reader handelt es sich zwar um identische Vorrichtungen, die allerdings in zwei verschiedenen Verkehrsmitteln, die von einem Fahrgast im Verlauf seiner Reise nacheinander bestiegen werden können, installiert sind. Nach einem solchen ersten Umsteigevorgang kann der Fahrgast natürlich noch beliebig viele weitere Umsteigevorgänge innerhalb des Liniennetzes vornehmen, sofern weitere Verkehrsmittel dieses Liniennetzes entsprechend mit RFID-Readern ausgestattet sind. Alle diese Umsteigevorgänge werden dann in den entprechenden Verkehrsmitteln jeweils von einem identisch arbeitenden RFID-Reader registriert. Es ergeben sich somit für die unterschiedlichen Stadien einer Fahrgastreise drei verschiedene Bearbeitungspunkte:
  • ■ ein erster Bearbeitungspunkt am Verkaufsautomat;
  • ■ ein zweiter Bearbeitungspunkt im Verkehrsmittel, in dem die Fahrgast-Reise startet;
  • ■ ein dritter (bzw. zusätzliche weitere) Bearbeitungspunkte in den Verkehrsmitteln, in die der Fahrgast nach jeweils durchgeführten Umsteigevorgängen zur Fortsetzung der Fahrgast-Reise in Richtung auf ein Ziel hin wieder einsteigt.
• An jedem dieser Bearbeitungspunkte entsteht ein Kommunikationsvorgang zwischen dem dortigen RFID-Reader und der RFID-Einzelfahrkarte.
• Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst also eine Mehrzahl von in fester Reihenfolge aufeinanderfolgender Kommunikationsvorgänge zwischen einer elektronischen Einzelfahrkarte auf der Basis eines mit einem RFID-Label ausgestattetem Ticket-Trägermedium sowie jeweils einem RFID-Reader. Im Falle einer Fahrgast-Reise ohne Umsteigevorgang handelt es sich um eine Abfolge von zwei Kommunikationsvorgängen; mit jedem Umsteigevorgang kommt ein weiterer Kommunikationsvorgang hinzu.

The basic idea of this invention makes it possible, from the prior art (eg DE 10 2004 063 600 A1 ) known smart card readers by a plurality of separately operating transceiver devices - in particular RFID readers are to be considered - to replace that at different essential points of the use of a stored on a ticket carrier medium single ticket automatic communications with this single ticket - In analogy to the transceiver devices, a ticket carrier medium with an RFID chip would be considered in particular for this purpose. Each of these RFID readers will be active in different places during the use of such a single ticket:

• The first RFID reader is still installed in the vending machine of the individual tickets and serves to initialize the electronic ticket. Although the second and third of these RFID readers are identical devices, they are installed in two different means of transport that can be climbed by a passenger in succession during his journey. Of course, after such a first transfer operation, the passenger can make any number of further transfer operations within the network, provided that further means of transport of this network are equipped accordingly with RFID readers. All these transfer procedures are then registered in the corresponding means of transport in each case by an identically operating RFID reader. This results in three different processing points for the different stages of a passenger journey:
  • ■ a first processing point at the vending machine;
  • ■ a second processing point in the means of transport in which the passenger journey starts;
  • ■ a third (or additional) processing points in the means of transport, in which the passenger, after each transfer operation has been made, re-enters the passenger journey in the direction of a destination.
• At each of these processing points, a communication process is created between the RFID reader and the RFID single ticket.
• The method according to the invention therefore comprises a plurality of consecutive communication processes in a fixed sequence between an electronic single ticket on the basis of a ticket carrier medium equipped with an RFID label and in each case an RFID reader. In the case of a passenger trip without transfer, it is a sequence of two communications; with each transfer process, another communication process is added.

Using this inventive method, it is possible to construct an electronic single ticket that can be used within the framework of the method known from the prior art for registration. This is ideally done on the basis of a ticket carrier medium, which is equipped with a per se known RFID label and a printed battery for powering the RFID label. This RFID single ticket generates at a first in the course of a passenger journey into a means of transport a start-record for registration of this passenger journey and in the subsequent arbitrary number of conversion processes each have a corresponding number of transfer registrations.
For the passenger results in the use of a to be registered by the method according to the invention RFID single ticket a user guide, which is very similar to the current use of conventional paper single tickets. On today customary sales principle of single tickets using paper as a ticket carrier medium changes nothing by the invention. The passenger triggers a single ticket (eg at a stationary vending machine or at a bus driver) before departure for immediate departure. The RFID ticket is no longer held by the passenger to a smart card reader, but registered by the inventive method without the involvement of the passenger. This gain in convenience increases the attractiveness of public transport for rare and low users. At the same time, the method according to the invention achieves a significant improvement of the database for so-called revenue-sharing programs in the context of network traffic.

The WO 2006/003648 A2 describes a suitable for such a above-mentioned single ticket RFID tag with a semi-passive transponder, the "backscatter" method works for passive RFID transponder. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the smartcard reader are reflected back by the antenna of the RFID transponder and are picked up again by the antenna of the smartcard reader. Simultaneously with the reflection of the electromagnetic waves, these waves are subjected to an amplitude modulation by the antenna of the RFID transponder. Using this method, it is possible to transfer data from the smart card reader to the RFID transponder as well as in the opposite direction from the RFID transponder to the smart card reader. This known methodology is used in the WO 2006/003648 A2 Designed so that you can not only safely exchange data up to a distance of 1 m, but can even safely bridge distances of up to 30 m. This is achieved by the fact that the energy of the electromagnetic wave arriving at the RFID transponder is used only for the creation of the reflected wave and is not used to build up an induction field in the transponder in order to generate electricity. The power for operating the microchip in the RFID transponder comes from a printed battery, which is located in the RFID label. This battery consists of two superimposed layers of dyes, which are separated by a release agent. Of course, the amount of electricity to be generated is very small, but it is sufficient to keep the RFID transponder in operation for some time. The current of the battery is removed from the battery only when the RFID transponder is specifically called by a smart card reader. Such RFID tags are already available on the market today. They have readable and writeable data storage and are able to run small system programs in their microchip.

The passenger thus acquires an electronic single-seat authorization - hereinafter referred to as "ticket" - prior to the first journey start, which has a spatial and temporal validity for the journey he is aiming from a start to a destination.
Using the method according to the invention, it is possible to completely capture all entry procedures of travelers into means of transport. Each individual entry process of a traveler thus constitutes a registration event, which is stored by using a data element for the unique identification of a ticket in the form of a log-on record in the vehicle on-board computer of the means of transport affected by the entry procedure.
Together with the present in the memory of the ticket carrier medium electronic ticket, it is now sufficient according to the invention, only the entry procedure to register a traveler in a means of transport. A cyclic presence registration at fixed intervals or after each stop-stay, as provided in the prior art, is therefore no longer necessary. A chain of entry procedures is registered for each individual journey that guides a traveler from the starting point, with the possible interposition of transfers to the destination. In this context, "journey" is understood to mean the passage of a route from a first start stop to a last destination stop, which may include several transfer operations and thus several "journey sections".
As is already known from the prior art, the location and / or time information of the exit can be reconstructed from the knowledge of the location and time registration data of each individual journey section for the immediately preceding in the course of the same travel operation section. The location and time information of the exit for the last and concluding in the course of a journey section are reconstructed using stochastic methods known per se from the total amount of recorded registration records.

The invention further provides that the start signal is transmitted in a cyclical manner by the means associated with the transport transceiver after each stop of the means of transport with passenger change.
This is particularly useful on routes with larger stops distances, since the transport associated with the transmitting / receiving device after querying and creating all log-on records for energy-saving can be switched off again. The detection of a connected with passenger change stop of the transport can be done for example by reading and evaluating the door closing command from the doors control of the transport.

Furthermore, it is part of the method according to the invention, that contentwise non-conformity of a data element integrated in the start signal received from the ticket carrier medium for unambiguous identification of the vehicle computer of the means of transport with a data element stored in the memory of the ticket carrier medium to designate that vehicle computer in which has been generated in the course of the passenger journey temporally preceding registration record, the request for generating a registration record from the ticket carrier medium is transmitted to the transceiver device of the means of transport. Thus, after each stop of the vehicle, only those ticket carrier media enter a communication process with the vehicle-based transceiver integrated, which have been added to the means of transport by changing passengers.

A useful addition to the invention provides that the data elements for designating the ticket type as well as the time and place of the ticket purchase during the initialization of the ticket carrier medium are printed by a printer on the ticket carrier medium. In this way, the tariff-relevant information can also be displayed in clear text on the ticket carrier medium, so that such electronic single tickets are accessible to manual checking (for example by control personnel).

According to an embodiment variant, the data elements for designating the ticket type as well as the time and place of the ticket purchase are integrated in the request transmitted by each ticket carrier medium to the transceiver to generate a logon record and in the transceiver checked for acceptability against conditions stored in the memory of the transceiver. This is always useful if the tariff provisions of the purchased single ticket provide for travel within a defined time and / or local frame or a maximum validity period of the single ticket.

The invention further provides that the registration data records generated and temporarily stored in the vehicle on-board computer are transmitted there to a central entity for evaluation of the paths traveled in the various modes of transport using the ticket carrier medium to determine the various modes using the ticket carrier medium Means traveled means of transport in a first sub-step after the serial number of the ticket carrier medium and in a second sub-step all of a same serial number assignable records are sorted according to time stamps.
By means of the method according to the invention, using the unique serial number assigned to each ticket carrier medium, it becomes possible for the passenger to leave a trail of anonymous, but automatically evaluable, log-on data records in the electronic ticket system as part of his journey. The documentation of each individual journey section of a passenger journey traversed with as many interchanges as required is delivered in a central evaluation instance (IT center of the transport association) to the respective exact entry location of the passenger for one person Transfer process subsequent new trip section. This forms the basis for a recursion procedure based on this (which is not part of this invention), which determines from the entry point the exit point of the passage ahead in the course of the passenger journey. Although there are a large number of possible transfer routes at transfer stops, especially in urban line networks (and also used by passengers in an unpredictable, "chaotic" manner), with the aid of the method according to the invention, every single transfer relationship that has been made in reality can be subsequently retrieved. Since such transfer procedures are not individual events but rather mass phenomena, the data collected and processed in accordance with the invention can also be subjected to statistical analyzes. It succeeds for each in the database of Auswerteinstanz in appearance occurred passenger trip (1), which is composed for example of a chain of travel sections (1A), (1B), (1C), and at least one analog passenger trip (2) to extract from the database, in each of which the opposite directions of the said travel sections in the sequence (2C), (2B), (2A) are represented. The exactly ascertained frequency distribution of the start journeys (1A) of a passenger journey (1) in relation to all stops at which such type (1A) journeys can be started are used as an estimation distribution in order to avoid the exit stops of the travel sections (2A) not covered according to the invention. to determine the typical passenger journey (2) with good accuracy.
The inventive method allows this detection accuracy for ticket carrier media with single tickets.

Figur 1

Prinzipskizze des Gesamtverfahren

Figur 2

Standort des Verkaufsautomaten (1) und möglicher Abfahrts-Haltestellen

Figur 3

Prinzipskizze Verkaufsautomat mit RFID-Reader und Druckwerk

Figur 4

Schema RFID-Einzelfahrkarte

Figur 5

Schema eines im Verkehrsmittel installierten RFID-Readers

Figur 6

Kommunikationsabläufe bei Registrierung einer Fahrgast-Reise

Figur 7

Kommunikationsablauf (A) beim Verkaufsvorgang

Figur 8

Struktur des Datensatz (6)

Figur 9

Programm-Schema (111)

Figur 10

Programm-Schema (211)

Figur 11

Zustand des Speichers (22) nach Abschluss des Kommunikationsablaufs (A)

Figur 12

Kommunikationsablauf (B) - Start Fahrgast-Reise

Figur 13

Programm-Schema (Start Gesamtprogramm und Teil A von 311)

Figur 14

Programm-Schema (Teil B von 311)

Figur 15

Programm-Schema (212)

Figur 16

Struktur der Datensätze (71) und (72)

Figur 17

Struktur der Datensätze (81), (73), (75)

Figur 18

Speicher (22) nach Kommunikationsablauf (B)

Figur 19

Kommunikationsablauf (C)

Figur 20

Struktur des Datensatz (74)

Figur 21

Programm (213)

Figur 22

Stand des Speichers (22) nach Kommunikationsablauf (C)

The inventive concept is illustrated in the following figures. Show it:

FIG. 1

Schematic diagram of the overall procedure

FIG. 2

Location of the vending machine (1) and possible departure stops

FIG. 3

Schematic diagram of vending machine with RFID reader and printing unit

FIG. 4

Scheme RFID single ticket

FIG. 5

Scheme of an RFID reader installed in the vehicle

FIG. 6

Communication processes when registering a passenger journey

FIG. 7

Communication process (A) during the sales process

FIG. 8

Structure of the dataset (6)

FIG. 9

Program Scheme (111)

FIG. 10

Program Scheme (211)

FIG. 11

State of the memory (22) after completion of the communication process (A)

FIG. 12

Communication Procedure (B) - Start Passenger Journey

FIG. 13

Program Scheme (Start Total Program and Part A of 311)

FIG. 14

Program Scheme (Part B of 311)

FIG. 15

Program Scheme (212)

FIG. 16

Structure of the records (71) and (72)

FIG. 17

Structure of the data sets (81), (73), (75)

FIG. 18

Memory (22) after communication process (B)

FIG. 19

Communication process (C)

FIG. 20

Structure of the dataset (74)

FIG. 21

Program (213)

FIG. 22

State of the memory (22) after communication (C)

Based on these figures, the following embodiment can be understood:

The overall system according to the invention consists - as in FIG. 1 shown - from a vending machine (1) in which the RFID individual tickets (2) according to the invention are sold. This vending machine is structured in the same way as the vending machines for paper single tickets currently in use in German transport associations (eg RMV, Frankfurt or HW, Hamburg). The passenger selects via an input field the distance level or price level, which he needs for his planned public transport journey, he pays the corresponding price and then gets his RFID single ticket.

The inventive RFID single ticket (2) is a ticket that is similar to today's plastic cards with magnetic stripe, as they are widely used today as a parking card in parking garages. The outer dimensions correspond to the standard dimensions of ISO smart cards in their length and width. The thickness of the single ticket (2) depends on the thickness of ordinary parking cards. It depends on the height dimensions of the RFID chip and on the height dimension of the printed battery. The RFID one-way ticket should be so thin that it can be inserted just as today's public transport single tickets in every ordinary purse of a passenger.

In FIG. 1 an example of a means of transport (10) is shown, as it is usually used in a public transport network. It can be a bus, a tram, a subway, a suburban train or a conventional railway car, which is moved by a locomotive. In each accessible for passengers lounge of this means of transport are antennas (33, 34), which are connected to an RFID reader (3). The RFID reader (3) is in turn connected to a vehicle on-board computer (4). Of course, an on-board computer (4) may be connected to a plurality of RFID readers (3). In the on-board computer (4), all log-on data sets of the various connected RFID readers are collected and, if necessary, forwarded to the IT center (5) of the transport network, where they are processed and evaluated.

Between the vending machine (1) and the RFID single ticket (2) data of the record (6) are transmitted. Between the RFID single ticket (2) and the RFID reader (3), a two-sided communication link (7) is set up, via which different data sets are exchanged. Between all RFID readers (3) of a vehicle and the on-board computer (4) each two-sided communication links (8) are established. About the connection (9) collected in the on-board computer registration data of the passengers are then forwarded to the computer center.

In FIG. 2 In the middle of the picture a vending machine (1) is shown. In the designated surrounding circle (801) are two stops (802) belonging to the lines A and B. Single RFID tickets purchased at the vending machine must be used by such stops for their departing voyages located at that assigned stop district (801). This corresponds to today's tariff regulations in traffic associations. The arrow (804) indicates a footpath that a passenger travels to get from the vending machine to the stop (802) of the line B. There he enters a means of transport. His ticket is registered with the first part journey (805) in this means of transport. He drives to the transfer stop (803) and changes there to a mode of transport of the line C. With his RFID one-way ticket, a transfer procedure for the partial trip (806) is registered there.

The FIG. 3 shows a schematic of the vending machine (1). This has a CPU (11), a data memory (12), an antenna (13) and a conventional printer (14). In the CPU (11) is a program (111) housed, which is used to transfer the data used in the sales process for ticket sales, both as an electronic ticket to the RFID single ticket, as well as by conventional printing in a field (25) of the RFID single ticket (2). The printed data can be identical to data printed today on individual paper tickets (eg selected ticket, timestamp, stop, price). The arrow (15) should clarify the printing process. The arrow representation (6) is intended to represent the transmission of the data record (6) from the antenna (13) of the vending machine (1) to the antenna (23) of the RFID single ticket (2). The individual data elements of the data record (6) are stored in FIG. 8 shown. These are the e-ticket type (61), the time stamp of the sales transaction (62) and the stop number of the vending machine (63).

The FIG. 4 shows a schematic of the RFID single ticket (2) according to the invention. In the RFID single ticket is a CPU (21), a data memory (22) and an antenna (23), all of which are built according to the conventional technology of RFID transponders in the single ticket. The field (25) is deliberately kept free on the RFID single ticket, so that there can be the printing of the sales data. The particular of the RFID single ticket according to the invention is that it contains a printed battery (24). This battery is - as known from the prior art - printed in an inner layer of the various layers that make up the RFID single ticket. Only by using this battery, it is possible to establish the communication link (7) between the RFID single ticket (2) and the RFID reader (3). Through the installation of several antennas in the walls of the means of transport, the connection is additionally supported. A problem is also the fact that this RFID single ticket - just like today's paper single tickets - usually located in the purse of a passenger and that thereby the construction of a communication connection by radio to RFID technology can be significantly hampered. However, the battery (24) makes it possible to dispense with the inductive generation of electricity from the transmitted radio waves. The battery provides sufficient power to operate the CPU (21). The incoming electromagnetic wave is only reflected and modulated.

In the CPU (21) are the three programs (211), (212) and (213). The program (211) is followed by program (212). These two programs are run only once. This is followed by program (213), which is called as many times as interchanges are made during a passenger journey. The memory (22) fills in the course of card use in different ways. This will be described below.

The FIG. 5 shows the scheme of the RFID reader (3), which is installed in each means of transport. This has a CPU (31) containing a program (311). He also has a data memory (32) containing the three subordinate data stores (321), (322) and (323). In the data memory (321) are current data for the journey of the means of transport, such as the current line number with direction indication, the current validity identifier of this ride the means of transport and the current stop number at which the means of transport just stops. These data are in each case forwarded by the on-board computer to all connected RFID readers (3) and stored there temporarily in this data memory (321). The RFID reader needs this up-to-date data to check the validity of an e-ticket. The data store (322) contains the e-ticket types that can be used on this line in this direction, as well as data on all stop areas (801) of that line. The data store (323) contains ranges of values for checking the validity of transfers that are identical to those that occur in the DE 10 2004 063 600 A1 be described in detail.

The antennas (33) and (34) show by way of example that a larger number of antennas can be connected to an RFID reader. This can increase the security with which the communication connection (7) can be established by the RFID reader to all single RFID tickets (2) located in the means of transport (10). The RFID radio waves emitted by these antennas work with the so-called backscatter method. This means that the transmitted radio wave at the antenna (23) of (2) is reflected and sent back. In this reflection, the amplitude of the reflected wave is modulated in such a way that data can also be sent back. The power supplied by the battery (24) allows operation of the CPU (21). The incoming electromagnetic wave triggers a switch in the CPU (21), which opens the power supply of the battery and then builds up the Kommunikationsaustauch (7).

At the heart of the registration process according to the invention are the three communication processes (A), (B) and (C), which are described in US Pat FIG. 6 are shown. They are to go through in strictly fixed order and are therefore in FIG. 6 shown as a fixed procedure (99). The communication sequence (A) is already started when the RFID single ticket is purchased at the vending machine. The communication procedure (B) is then carried out at the start of the passenger journey. He plays in the means of transport, which the passenger climbs first to begin his journey to the destination. These first two communication processes are only run once each. This is followed by the communication sequence (C) as the last element of the procedure (99). This can be repeated several times. It deals with the registration procedures of transfer procedures during a passenger journey through the public transport network. Passengers can change trains as often as they like as long as they comply with the fare rules. All these transfers can be handled with the RFID single ticket (2) in all means of transport, which the passenger climbs after transfer operations.

The FIG. 7 shows the communication process (A), which takes place during each sales process. The program (111) (see also FIG. 9 ) located in the CPU (11) of (1) sends the record (6) (see FIG. 8 ) to the program (211) located in the CPU (21) of (2) (see FIG. 10 ) is located. After the record (6) has been sent, the program (111) at the printer (14) triggers the printing process (15). The field (25) of (2) is printed thereby. Thus, the program (111) has fulfilled its task. The record (6) consists of the data elements e-ticket type (61), time stamp of the sales process (62) and stop number of the vending machine (63). The program (211) receives the record (6) and stores this data in the data memory (22) of (2). Thereafter, the program (211) starts its successor program (212) and has thus fulfilled its task.

The data memory (22) after completion of this communication sequence (A) has the appearance according to FIG. 11 , The serial number of each individual RFID single ticket is uniquely identifying and is stored in the data element (221) of (22). This is followed by the just re-read e-ticket (61). This is followed by the timestamp of the sale process (62) and the stop number of the vending machine (63). All other data elements of (22) are still at their default values at the time of manufacture.

As soon as the passenger gets on a public transport to start his journey through the network, the communication procedure (B) starts according to the FIG. 12 , When stopping at a stop, the program (311) in the RFID reader always sends out the data record (71) in order to request that all RFID individual cards that have newly arrived in the means of transport be registered. The record (71) (see FIG. 16 ) consists of the two data elements: request signal for the login (711) and the uniquely identifying number of the on-board computer (712). The data record is obtained from the program (212) (see FIG. 2) for a passenger who starts a new passenger journey when boarding the means of transport FIG. 15 ). The program (212) sends the record (72) in response to the receipt of record (71) (see FIG. 16 ) to the program (311) (see FIG. 13 ). The data record (72) consists of the data elements: serial number (221) of the RFID single ticket, e-ticket type (61), default value of the validity identifier (725), time stamp sales process (62) and stop number of the vending machine (63).
The program (311) in the RFID reader (3) sends out the general request data record (71), which applies to all newly arrived in the transport RFID single tickets and asks them to log on, regardless of whether this is a startup application or want to make a transfer. This procedure corresponds to the standard procedure for Ufran RFID communication according to the Mifare method and the ISO standard.
In the case of a startup login, the program (212) returns the record (72) to (3). On the basis of the data element (725), which is still at the default value, the program (311) recognizes that this RFID single ticket wants to make a start logon. The program (311) therefore passes to the program part A from (311) (see FIG. 13 ).

In the program part (A) of (311) is checked in a first query, whether the stop condition and the time condition at record (72) allow a start logon. The time condition means that the passenger must have completed his passenger journey within the network of the public transport network within 2 or 3 hours (depending on tariff regulations) after purchasing the RFID ticket. Based on the time stamp (62), which was transmitted with the record (72), this condition can be checked. The passenger must also use the RFID single ticket purchased at the vending machine to board a stop in a means of transport belonging to the location of the stop number of the sales transaction. It is not allowed according to the tariff regulations with this RFID single ticket at another stop to get a means of transport. In the data memory (322) of (32) is therefore deposited, which stop numbers (63) of the vending machines can be used by which stops of public transport lines (3211). If both conditions are met, the next condition is passed.
The submitted e-ticket (62) must be suitable for this line. The data memory (322) of (32) contains all e-tickets permitted on this line. If this condition is also satisfied, the registration data record (81) is created and sent to the on-board computer (4). As confirmation for the positive start log-on, record (73) is sent to the program (212). The program (311 part A) ends when all single RFID tickets (2) that had requested a start registration at (3) were called up and processed there. Only when arriving at the next stop, the program (311) starts again with a transmission of the record (71).

The in FIG. 17 Structurally represented data record (73) contains the data elements serial number RFID single ticket (221), stop number (currently according to line) (3211), line number with direction (3212) and validity identifier (3213) of the current ride of the means of transport of this line.
After storing the data elements of the data set (73) according to (22), the data memory (22) has the in FIG. 18 illustrated structure. The two data groups (223) and (224) have been filled with the current values.
After saving (73) to (22), program (212) starts the program (213) and then ends its task.

Fig. 19 shows the communication sequence (C) for a transfer registration. This can be run as many times as the passenger needs allowed transfer procedures to reach his destination stop.
The data set (71) transmitted by the program (311) is picked up by the program (213). In program 213 (see FIG. 21 ) then first checks whether the passenger is still in the same mode of transport by being already registered or by being in a new mode of transport. Because the program (213) is activated as soon as the start registration has been completed.
Based on a comparison of the identifier (4) from the data set (71) with the data element (2243) stored in (22), which contains the last stored identifier (4), the program (213) can determine whether (2) is still in the same mode of transport. If the transmitter of (3) stops sending the data signal (71), can also be set in the program (213) this query. This helps to save the energy of the battery (24).
As soon as this query determines that the signal (71) comes from another on-board computer, it responds (213) and attempts to register a transfer request to the new RFID reader (3). For this purpose, it sends the data record (74) to (3).

The FIG. 20 shows the structure of the record (74). The transmitted data elements are all necessary in order to be able to carry out the transfer check in (311 Part B). In FIG. 14 is (311 part B) shown, which mainly includes the transfer check. In the case of a positive transfer, the record (81) is sent to (4) and the record (75) to (213). The program (311 part B) terminates its function as soon as all the transfer registrations requested with the data record (74) have taken place.
In the program (213), the record (75) is stored in (22). The program then proceeds again to analyze records (71) as they are received.
FIG. 22 shows the state of the memory (22) after completion of the communication process (C).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Vending machine for inventive RFID single tickets

11

CPU of (1)

111

Program in (11) for transferring the e-ticket data released by the passenger to the public transport single ticket as well as for printer control

12

Data storage of (1)

13

Antenna of (1)

14

Printer of (1)

2

Public transport single ticket, which can be solved for different price levels / distance levels

21

CPU of (2)

211

Program in (21) for receiving the sales data

212

Program in (21) for start registration of an unused single ticket

213

Program in (21) for registering a transfer

22

Data storage of (2)

221

Serial number of the RFID single ticket (2)

223

Data elements that are entered at the start of a passenger journey on the memory (22)

2231

Start-stop of the passenger journey

2232

Line number with direction of the first partial journey of a passenger journey

224

Data elements that are entered into the memory (22) each time a partial trip is registered

2241

Line number with direction of the last registered partial journey

2242

Validity ID of the last booked partial trip

2243

Identification of the on-board computer (4) of the means of transport at which the last partial journey was registered

23

Antenna of (2)

24

Battery of (2)

25

Reserved field into which sales data is printed.

3

RFID reader, which is installed in the ceiling area of a means of transport

31

CPU of (3)

311

Program for communicating with the programs (212) and (213) of (21)

311-part A

Part of the program (311), which is run only at a startup application

311-part B

Part of the program (311), which is run only in a transfer application.

32

Data storage of (3)

321

Current traffic data of a means of transport, which are updated every time a bus stop arrives.

3211

Stop (current)

3212

Line number with direction indication (current)

3213

Validity ID (current)

322

E-tickets suitable for driving in this means of transport and data of the stop districts (802) of all stops of that line in the direction of travel

323

Value ranges for the transfer check

33, 34

two (of the several possible) antennas connected to the RFID reader (3) and installed in the walls of the means of transport.

4

On-board computer, which is present in every ÖPNV means of transport of the transport association

5

Computer center of the transport association

6

one-way communication from (1) to (2)

61

E-Ticket

62

Timestamp of the sales transaction

63

Stop number of the vending machine

7

Two-way communication link between (2) and (3)

71

Data set from (311) to (212), (213) during communication processes (B) and (C)

711

Request signal of the RFID reader (3) to all tickets (2) in the transmission-reception range of its antennas (33), (34) etc. for registration (eg according to Mifare standard)

712

Number of the on-board computer (4) of the means of transport in which the registration of (2) takes place.

72

Record from (212) to (311) during the communication process (B)

725

Value of the validity identifier taken from the memory element (2242).

73

Record from (311) to (212) during the communication process (B)

74

Record from (213) to (311) during the communication process (C)

747

Value of the validity identifier taken from the memory element (2242)

75

Record from (311) to '(213) during the communication process (3)

8th

Two-way communication link between (3) and (4)

81

Credential for a partial trip from (3) to (4)

811

Timestamp (current) of the registration of a partial trip

812

Identification of the transport company that operates the means of transport (10)

82

Record with current data from (4) to (3)

9

Unilateral communication from (4) to (5)

99

Sequence structure of the communication processes (A), (B), (C)

10

Means of transport used by the passenger for his carriage

801

District around a vending machine (1) whose stops can be taken as the starting point of passenger trips made with single RFID tickets bought in (1).

802

Stop belonging to the district (801)

803

connecting stop

804

Footpath of the passenger from (1) to (802) with the ticket removed (2)

805

Passenger Journey First Part Journey Begun in (802) on Line B.

806

second part journey of the passenger journey

Claims (7)

A method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport between a start and a destination by means of a carrier medium (2) for electronic tickets, which has a memory (22), a processor (21) and an antenna (23) for data exchange with a each means of transport has installed transceiver device (3),
characterized in that The ticket carrier medium (2) during the ticket acquisition initiated by the passenger by storing data elements for designating the ticket type (61) as well as the time (62) and location (63) of the ticket purchase in the memory (22) the ticket carrier medium is initialized, ■ during a time subsequent to the ticket purchase phase after the passenger has entered a means of transport (10) to be used in the course of the passenger journey after emitting a start signal (71) by the transmitting / receiving device (3) assigned to the means of transport to all a request (72 or 74) for generating a registration record (81) containing a data element for validation identifier (725 or 747) from each ticket carrier medium in the spatial sphere of influence of this transceiver device Transmitting / receiving device is transmitted, wherein In the case of an approach of the passenger into a first means of transport in the course of the passenger journey, the data element for the validity identifier (725) is assigned a default value, If, in the case of an approach of the passenger into a second or further means of transport in the course of the passenger journey, the data element for the validity identifier (747) is assigned the validity identifier (2242) of the journey section which chronologically precedes in the course of the passenger journey, and after the generation of each log-on record, a confirmation record (73 or 75) with a data element for the validity identifier (3213) of the current drive of the means of transport is transmitted back from the transceiver to the respective ticket carrier medium. Method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport according to Claim 1, characterized in that the start signal (71) is transmitted in a cyclical manner by the transceiver (3) associated with the means of transport after each stop of the means of transport with change of passengers. Method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport according to Claim 2, characterized in that, if the content of the means of transport contained in the ticket received by the ticket carrier medium (71) is not in agreement, data element for unambiguous identification of the vehicle computer (4) of the means of transport is in memory (22) of the ticket carrier medium stored data element (2243) for designating that vehicle computer in which in the course of the passenger journey timed login record was generated, the request (74) for generating a registration record (81) from the ticket Carrier medium is transmitted to the transmitting / receiving device of the means of transport. Method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the data elements designate the ticket type (61) as well as the time (62) and location (63) of the ticket purchase during the initialization the ticket carrier medium (2) by means of a printer (14) are printed on the ticket carrier medium. Method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the data elements for designating the ticket type (61) and time (62) and location (63) of the ticket purchase in the Each ticket carrier medium to the transmitting / receiving device transmitted request (72 or 74) for generating a registration record (81) integrated and in the transceiver on admission against conditions in the memory (32) of the transmission / Receiving device are stored, are checked. Method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the registration data records generated and temporarily stored in the vehicle on-board computer are sent to a central entity (5) for evaluation using the ticket carrier medium be transferred in the various means of transport. A method for registering passenger journeys in means of transport according to claim 6, characterized in that the registration records in the central evaluation entity for determining the paths traveled in different means of transport using the ticket carrier medium in a first sub-step after the serial number (221 ) of the ticket carrier medium and, in a second sub-step, all data records which can be assigned to a same serial number are respectively sorted according to time stamps (811).

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