EP2087156A1 - Gewebe mit dreidimensional ausgestalteter oberfläche - Google Patents

Gewebe mit dreidimensional ausgestalteter oberfläche

Info

Publication number
EP2087156A1
EP2087156A1 EP07821822A EP07821822A EP2087156A1 EP 2087156 A1 EP2087156 A1 EP 2087156A1 EP 07821822 A EP07821822 A EP 07821822A EP 07821822 A EP07821822 A EP 07821822A EP 2087156 A1 EP2087156 A1 EP 2087156A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
web
weaving
faces
weft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07821822A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2087156B1 (de
Inventor
Xavier Legrand
Mathieu Piana
Georgi Tsarvarishki
Julien Charles
Philippe Blot
Dominique Guittard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SAS filed Critical Airbus Operations SAS
Publication of EP2087156A1 publication Critical patent/EP2087156A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2087156B1 publication Critical patent/EP2087156B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3187—Triaxially woven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179—Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3195—Three-dimensional weave [e.g., x-y-z planes, multi-planar warps and/or wefts, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3569—Woven fabric layers impregnated with a thermosetting resin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the weaving in one time of volume elements composed of two - dimensional walls organized in different planes.
  • the method according to the invention thus allows the production of planar fabrics arranged directly in a three-dimensional shape.
  • the method according to the invention it is possible to get rid of seams, or other securing means, in the manufacture of woven elements with multiple walls, of the type comprising one or more trihedral angles.
  • the invention finds particular application in the production of folds at one or more closed corners, and in the weaving of fragile and / or abrasive fibers, in particular the fibers used in reinforcing fabrics of composite material, such as carbon.
  • the warp yarns 2 are firstly wound on the same support, the "beam” 3, parallel to each other and over a width that will correspond to the width of the fabric 1; a "creel” is used to facilitate this operation in the case of fragile materials, but has a significant footprint.
  • the weft thread 4 will be passed between the warp threads 2, each passage corresponding to a "pick”.
  • the web 2 'of warp threads 2 may be prepared (for example by gluing) in order to increase its mechanical strength, in particular to friction.
  • each pick is facilitated by making a "crowd" 5 in the web 2 ', that is to say by raising or lowering some warp threads 2 relative to the others, so that a space angular passage 5 is created.
  • the warp threads 2 are retracted into heddles 6, which will undergo the movement perpendicular to the ply 2 'resulting from the beam 3.
  • Various mechanisms (frame, Jacquard) allow to create crowds according to the required armor.
  • the insertion of the pick 4 can be done by various methods.
  • An old conventional method comprises the projection, across the web, of a shuttle 7, a tool that holds a bobbin 8, the latter containing a winding of a certain length of weft yarn 4.
  • a classic trunk corner 10 illustrated in FIG. 2A, comprises for example three two-dimensional walls 12, 14, 16, substantially flat, forming a trirectangle trihedral angle (type "half-cube") at a corner 18.
  • a reinforcing textile preform of this structure 10 can however be made on existing machines only from a "flat" version of the walls, illustrated in Figure 2B, and through a seam between at least two faces. But a seam is a reported element, more or less fragile, which poses unsuitable mechanical resistance problems in aeronautics.
  • the continuity of the fibers according to the different planes is not ensured, the reinforcement function is not fully realized.
  • the trunk corners, even for composite box structures, are manufactured by a metal support.
  • One of the objects of the invention aims to overcome this drawback of existing weaving processes and to allow the production of woven monoblock pieces comprising at least a trihedral angle.
  • a reinforcing ply type structure for trunk corner which has a geometry similar to metal braces with three orthogonal or more existing planes, is achieved: the continuity of reinforcing textile fibers between two adjacent planes is ensured.
  • a pick can serve both weft yarn and warp yarn. This new weaving technique makes it possible to ensure the continuity of the warp threads and the continuity of the weft threads between the different faces constituting the three-dimensional fold.
  • the weaving will be done simultaneously on two plies, created respectively by the primary warp son and the secondary warp son, according to a non-rectilinear insertion of the weft yarn: the yarns working initially in weft (inserted threads) then work in a chain (son forming the crowd).
  • the invention thus relates to a method of weaving an object whose three-dimensional shape is obtained by arranging surface walls comprising a closed corner, that is to say a shape extracted from a hexahedron, the method allowing continuity of the weaving threads between the walls and at the corner.
  • a first face of the structure extracted from a hexahedron to be woven is chosen to be woven initially, and the corresponding ply of warp threads is put in place, the weaving being carried out as usual, with the exception of that the inserted weft yarns are extended on one side of the web, or both sides, to form webs of yarns which will serve as secondary warp yarns.
  • the weaving will be performed on the initial web and the (the) secondary web (s), with change of direction of the pick to form an angle (s).
  • the pick will be inserted in two, three or four sides of the first face. Parallel to the passage of the pick, there is a shift of the first face relative to the plane formed by the warp plies, for example depression by pushing on a surface close to the edges, preferably perpendicular to this plane for a structure resulting from of a rectangular parallelepiped. The shift is made each time a pick has made a complete "run" around the first face, possibly offset at the end of weaving thereof.
  • the weavings and offsets can be made in any orientation and weave, and in particular with a right-angle weave fabric, with vertical offset, particularly if a trihedral angle is chosen, so as to weave a trirectangle trihedral angle with son continuity.
  • the weft yarn is continuous for weaving the entire object.
  • the invention relates to an elementary fold made by the above method. More generally, the invention relates to a woven elementary ply comprising at least three faces interconnected by edges to form a closed corner, and whose weave wefts are continuous in the faces and at the edges, preferably parallel at the edges and the weft thread is continuous for weaving the entire object.
  • the fold according to the invention may be a trirectangle trihedral angle, and in particular serve as reinforcement fabric for the manufacture of a composite trunk corner after resin injection; it can also be a half parallelepiped, whose cut can for example generate a trihedral angle serving as a reinforcement for a corner of trunk.
  • the invention also relates to such a corner of trunk.
  • Figure 1 already described, schematically illustrates a conventional weaving process.
  • Figures 2A and 2B show a corner trunk shaped and flattened version, exploded.
  • FIGS 3A to 3E show the steps of weaving according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 4A and 4B illustrate two alternatives to weaving according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows another object obtained by the weaving according to the invention.
  • a woven fold in three dimensions with continuity of threads between each adjacent face of the fold. This allows the formation of one or more corners without any other step than weaving.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the shift, during the weaving phase, of the part 2 already woven with respect to the web 2 'of warp yarns; preferably, the offset is made in a direction perpendicular to the web, advantageously downwards for horizontal weaving.
  • the method according to the invention relates to the weaving of a trunk corner 10 illustrated in FIG. 2, that is to say of a trirectangular trihedral angle comprising three orthogonal planes 12, 14, 16 connected in three edges 1Ox, 1Oy, 1Oz, respective lengths X, Y, Z, which compete at a junction point or corner 18, forming a reference to three axes x, y, z.
  • a trunk corner 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 that is to say of a trirectangular trihedral angle comprising three orthogonal planes 12, 14, 16 connected in three edges 1Ox, 1Oy, 1Oz, respective lengths X, Y, Z, which compete at a junction point or corner 18, forming a reference to three axes x, y, z.
  • Flat and "bursting" along an edge 10z this shape corresponds to a bracket comprising three parts 12, 14, 16 rectangles corresponding to the three faces of the trihedral angle. It is clear that other angles can be chosen.
  • a web 20 of warp yarns 22 is put in place to form this part of the square, for example the face 12 along the plane x, y: the width X of the web 20 corresponds to that of one of the edges 1Ox.
  • the web 20 is formed of a single continuous warp 22.
  • the weaving is initially performed to form the first face 12: FIG. 3A.
  • the weft thread (“primary") 24 is inserted successively above and below the warp threads 22; this is advantageously achieved by forming a suitable crowd.
  • the realization of one of the other two faces 16 is provided.
  • the weft threads 24 used to form the first face 12 at the edges of the web 20 they extend on one side of a length d greater than that of the edge 10z connecting the other faces 14, 16; the extension of the weft son 24 is coupled to a frame 26 which allows to keep them in position.
  • the same weft thread 24 serves for weaving the entire first face 12, and the weft son 24 are coupled to the frame 26 by means of hooks 28 which they turn.
  • a shape shown in FIG. 3B is thus obtained comprising a first woven face 12 at right angles on an x, y plane, surrounded by the warp yarns 22 oriented along the x axis and of a predetermined length, and extended on a second side. along a length d by yarns of weft 24 oriented along the y axis, orthogonal to the warp yarns 22.
  • the same weft yarn 24 is used, and there is continuity at each of the ends, it is ie at the level of the frame 26 and the free edge of the face 12 opposite to the future edge 10y.
  • this step is carried out by pushing on a surface covering at least the edge of the edges 1Ox, 1Oy of the first face 12 and preferably its entire surface.
  • the depth of lowering is a function of the reduction in armor (that is, the number of son per cm), for example 1 cm for a reduction of 4 threads / cm. This allows for optimized placement of yarns working in the z direction during weaving.
  • the offset thus comprises a component orthogonal to the x, y plane of the first face 12 and webs 20, 30, and it may be performed before the passage of the secondary pick or once it passed.
  • the secondary pick 32 in a first step, is inserted into a shed formed in one of the two plies 20, 30, namely here between the primary warp threads 22, in a direction where it arrives at the corner 18 between the two.
  • the same continuous weft yarn 32 with the yarn 24 used to make the face 12 is used. It is possible, although not mandatory, to pack the pick 32 once passed on this second face 14.
  • the weft thread 32 is of a residual length after this first passage sufficient to form the second pick. Indeed, the weft thread 32 is then crisscrossed with the other ply 30 which is at a defined angle of the preceding one. Here again, possibly, there could be packing of the pick 32 on the already woven face 12.
  • a shape is thus obtained (FIG. 3D) comprising a first face 12 and a woven wire 32 with an angle defined above one of the wires 22, 24 of the first face 12; two edges 1Ox, 1Oy are thus formed.
  • the wedge 18 is closed, the overlying wire 32 being continuous: a blank of the third edge 10z is formed. The process is reiterated, with each time lowering the first face of the thickness of the reduction of the chain, to obtain a trirectangle trihedral angle.
  • the first woven face 12 is shifted in height, or lowered, before passage of the secondary pick 32: for example, a pushing means is positioned on the face 12 at the end its weaving, in the step shown in Figure 3B, shifting the face 12 of the plies 20, 30 of a height corresponding to the reduction of the armor, then the secondary duet 32 is passed in the layers 20, 30 overhanging, and then we cup it.
  • This embodiment may be preferred in the crowd formation mode and the predefined angle at the edges.
  • an elementary fold 40 represented in FIG. 3E, is obtained in which three orthogonal faces 42, 44, 46 are connected to each other at the level of three edges 40x, 40y, 40z contributing to a corner 48. are woven, the weaving weft 50 being parallel to the edges 4Ox, 4Oy, 4Oz and the son of the weft 50 being continuous between the faces 42, 44, 46.
  • a structure 60 comprising a base 62 and three continuous orthogonal faces 64, 66, 68.
  • the formed structure 60 is then cut in two parallel to the two opposite faces 64, 68 so as to form two trihedral angles 70, 70 ': see Figure 5.
  • the same option s offer for a half parallelepiped with four faces and a base. Although described with a trirectangle trihedral angle, other possibilities are conceivable.
  • the weft yarn 24, 32 be continuous from the beginning of the weaving process to the end.
  • insertion of the pick is mechanized, with the presence of an insertion system comprising a shuttle, or a system based on it, to ensure the continuity of the wire.
  • the tamping comb of each pick is unitary for the different faces, so as to proceed once the entire angle achieved.
  • the parallel orientation of the weft yarns with respect to the first face is optimized.
  • an elementary ply 40 for a trunk corner 10 according to FIG. 2 has been manufactured, in which the dimensions are of the order of 400 ⁇ 220 ⁇ 200 mm, with a carbon wire comprising 6000, 12000 and 24000 filaments
  • the method according to the invention one obtains a wedge, or several, whose thread can be continuous, thanks to a non straight.
  • This is particularly advantageous because the existing three-dimensional machines manufacture only "volume” (cubic, cylindrical) or profiled (T, H, E, ...) shapes: here, it is a matter of producing a three-dimensional shape with two-dimensional walls .
  • this system meets the needs in terms of continuity of wire.
  • the movement along the z axis allows to marry the shapes of the three-dimensional fold, which greatly facilitates its manufacture during its weaving phase.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
EP20070821822 2006-10-27 2007-10-25 Gewebe mit dreidimensional ausgestalteter oberfläche Active EP2087156B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0654580A FR2907800B1 (fr) 2006-10-27 2006-10-27 Tissage tridimensionnel surfacique
PCT/EP2007/061459 WO2008049877A1 (fr) 2006-10-27 2007-10-25 Tissage tridimensionnel surfacique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2087156A1 true EP2087156A1 (de) 2009-08-12
EP2087156B1 EP2087156B1 (de) 2014-12-10

Family

ID=37806213

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20070821822 Active EP2087156B1 (de) 2006-10-27 2007-10-25 Gewebe mit dreidimensional ausgestalteter oberfläche

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US8361911B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2087156B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5129255B2 (de)
CN (1) CN101529003B (de)
BR (1) BRPI0718415A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2667257C (de)
FR (1) FR2907800B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2449064C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2008049877A1 (de)

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FR2907800B1 (fr) * 2006-10-27 2009-03-20 Airbus France Sas Tissage tridimensionnel surfacique
CN102041635B (zh) * 2010-12-24 2013-09-18 河南科技大学 基于空间群p*对称性的三维编织材料
EP2791403B1 (de) * 2011-12-14 2016-11-09 SNECMA Services Webstuhl mit optimierter kettenwebung
FR2991228B1 (fr) 2012-05-29 2015-03-06 Airbus Operations Sas Procede et dispositif de realisation d'un panneau composite auto-raidi
US9725833B2 (en) 2012-07-12 2017-08-08 United Technologies Corporation Woven structure and method for weaving same
DE102015105533A1 (de) * 2015-04-10 2016-10-13 Technische Universität Dresden Textilstruktur sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
KR102406266B1 (ko) * 2016-05-16 2022-06-07 조지아 테크 리서치 코오포레이션 직물 복합 재료의 연속 제조 시스템 및 방법
FR3060614A1 (fr) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-22 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Machine a tisser et procede de tissage correspondant
CN109306566A (zh) * 2018-11-01 2019-02-05 天津工大航泰复合材料有限公司 一种封闭盒体的织造方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2009120105A (ru) 2010-12-10
US8361911B2 (en) 2013-01-29
EP2087156B1 (de) 2014-12-10
US8561649B1 (en) 2013-10-22
JP2010507732A (ja) 2010-03-11
US20100269948A1 (en) 2010-10-28
CN101529003B (zh) 2012-03-21
CN101529003A (zh) 2009-09-09
BRPI0718415A2 (pt) 2013-12-17
CA2667257A1 (en) 2008-05-02
US20130263966A1 (en) 2013-10-10
CA2667257C (en) 2014-10-21
FR2907800A1 (fr) 2008-05-02
WO2008049877A1 (fr) 2008-05-02
FR2907800B1 (fr) 2009-03-20
JP5129255B2 (ja) 2013-01-30
RU2449064C2 (ru) 2012-04-27

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