EP2064144A1 - Appareil de levage à plage de travail étendue - Google Patents

Appareil de levage à plage de travail étendue

Info

Publication number
EP2064144A1
EP2064144A1 EP07786487A EP07786487A EP2064144A1 EP 2064144 A1 EP2064144 A1 EP 2064144A1 EP 07786487 A EP07786487 A EP 07786487A EP 07786487 A EP07786487 A EP 07786487A EP 2064144 A1 EP2064144 A1 EP 2064144A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
hoist
hoist according
speed
crane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07786487A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Golder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stahl CraneSystems GmbH
Original Assignee
Stahl CraneSystems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stahl CraneSystems GmbH filed Critical Stahl CraneSystems GmbH
Publication of EP2064144A1 publication Critical patent/EP2064144A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40—Control devices
    • B66D1/42—Control devices non-automatic
    • B66D1/46—Control devices non-automatic electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/54—Safety gear
    • B66D1/58—Safety gear responsive to excess of load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M9/00—Parallel/series conversion or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/45—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using electronic distributors

Definitions

  • Hoists and cranes are dimensioned so that the forces occurring on each component are within the safety range, i. that failure is excluded at human discretion.
  • Static forces are those forces that occur when the load either hangs motionless on the load handler or moves at a continuous speed.
  • Dynamic forces arise when the speed at which the load is moved by the load handling means changes more or less abruptly. The fastest change occurs when the load is lifted off a pad, or even more critical when the load has to be stopped abruptly due to an emergency situation. Here, stopping takes place from the instantaneous maximum speed, if any. The occurring force peaks are enormously.
  • the new hoist which may possibly also be part of a crane, and thus also in a crane according to the invention, use is made of the fact that the higher loads at low lifting speed, as they are allowed at the normal speed, not caused by any vibrations Overload conditions.
  • This makes it possible, for example in a hoist that operates at two different speeds, namely a normal speed and a creeping speed, to increase a higher load, if it is ensured that only the crawl speed can be switched on.
  • This can be achieved by a corresponding control device automatically makes the appropriate limit, or by the faster speed locked by external intervention and thus another load limit is enabled.
  • the new hoist has a geared motor that can operate at at least two different speeds.
  • One of the two speeds is the slower speed while the other is the faster speed.
  • the geared motor is coupled via a driving means a line-shaped load-carrying means to which the moving load hangs.
  • a load sensor is provided, which is adapted to detect the weight of the load-receiving means hanging load.
  • a load sensor is known for example from DE 196 45 812 Cl.
  • the gear motor is connected to a control circuit to which the load sensor is also connected. With the help of the control device, the lifting speed of the geared motor is controlled.
  • the controller is configured to limit the stroke speed of the geared motor to the slow lifting speed when the detected weight of the load exceeds a predetermined limit.
  • At least one limit value is thus used, which decides whether or not it is possible to work with the fast lifting speed.
  • this may mean that in a hoist with two lifting speeds, two load limits are provided.
  • the lower of the two limits sets whether to switch from slow speed to high speed.
  • the higher of the two limit values decides whether a lifting process takes place at all.
  • the lifting possibility is only blocked when a load weight is detected by means of the load sensor, in which even at the lowest speed in the case of an emergency stop dynamic forces may arise that lead out of the safety band of the individual components of the hoist or crane structure or the static load too large is.
  • shock induced vibrations not only occurs during braking but also when e.g. is switched from one speed to the other lifting speed in a pole-changing motor, for example, when lifting a load from a pad.
  • the hoist may be part of a crane with a crane structure, wherein the load limits that release the respective lifting speeds are defined on the basis of those components that are most sensitive, for example the crane support or the chain.
  • the crane may be a bridge crane with the hoist housed in a trolley.
  • a trolley In this case, for example, one of the most vibration sensitive parts of the crane bridge with standing in the middle trolley.
  • the hoist may be a chain hoist or a cable, as well as it is possible that the hoist is a hoist.
  • the geared motor can have an asynchronous motor as the actual drive means.
  • This asynchronous motor can be pole-changing, whereby at least two speeds can be realized in this way.
  • the geared motor can be operated together with a frequency converter, wherein the frequency converter can mentally be part of the control device, or be arranged separately therefrom. With the aid of a frequency converter, a continuous range of different lifting speeds would have to be generated.
  • the linear load-bearing means may be a rope, a chain or a belt.
  • the entrainment means may be a cable drum on which the rope is wound up. It can also be a chain nut acting as a means of entrainment, around which the chain runs and through which the chain is positively entrained. In the case of a strip draw the entrainment means is a belt drum.
  • the controller may allow only two different speeds or a continuum of lift speeds.
  • the control device comprises in the simplest case, the classic control pear, are included in the manually operated button.
  • the locking device of the control device can engage in such a way that only the limit is effective, which is associated with the slow stroke speed, wherein the locking device, the faster speed is electrically or mechanically locked.
  • the limit value above which a higher lifting speed is permitted is set so that in the event of an emergency emergency braking or when switching to the next higher or lower speed, the load peaks remain smaller than the maximum permissible load of the lifting equipment or its components or crane frame. It can also provide a continuum of limits parallel to a continuum of hoisting speeds.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a bridge crane in a perspective view
  • Fig. 2 shows a chain hoist in a simplified perspective view
  • Fig. 3 shows a cable in a simplified perspective view
  • Fig. 4 is a load diagram showing the load vibrations occurring
  • Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the inventive arrangement
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow chart for the controller of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a simplified perspective detail view, a bridge crane 1 which has a bridge crane carrier 2 moved transversely to its longitudinal direction.
  • the bridge crane girder 2 is shown in the cutout and is, as can be seen, composed of an I-profile with a web 3 and a top flange 4 and a bottom flange 5 together.
  • a trolley 6 Along the lower flange 5 runs a trolley 6, to which a total of four rollers 7 are rotatably mounted. Of the rollers 7 only two can be seen.
  • a hoist 8 is fixed, which is designed in the form of a chain hoist.
  • To the chain hoist 8 includes a load-receiving means in the form of a chain 9, at the free end of a Hakten 11 is attached. With the help of the hook 11, a load 12 can be attached to the chain hoist 8.
  • the chain hoist 8 is shown enlarged in FIG. To him belongs a drive motor 13, which drives the input side of a transmission 14. At the output shaft of the transmission 14 sits a not further recognizable sprocket in known design.
  • the chain sprocket runs in a chain nut housing 15, which is to be fastened to the trolley 6 by means of suspension lugs 16.
  • the drive motor 13 may be an asynchronous motor, for example a pole-changing asynchronous motor which allows two different lifting speeds.
  • a control box 16 On the side remote from the transmission 14 side is a control box 16, are housed in the required for the control of the chain hoist 8 electromechanical and electronic components. From the control box hangs down a cable 17 to which a control bulb 18 is attached.
  • the control pear 18 is used for manual control of the chain hoist 8 and receives this push button 19, with which the lifting speed and the direction of movement of the load 12 is controllable. For example, by pressing the upper button 19 to a stop threshold, the Feinhub Anthony is turned on, in the upward direction. By overriding the tactile notch, the fine stroke speed is switched to the main stroke speed, which is at least a factor of 2, e.g. 6 is higher than the Feinhub york.
  • a cable 21 may be attached to the trolley 6.
  • To the cable 21 includes a frame 22 in which a cable drum 23 is rotatably mounted.
  • the cable drum 23 is driven by a geared motor 24.
  • a control box 16 is again provided, which is connected via the control cable 17 to the control bulb 18, as already explained above.
  • the cable 21 shown is a so-called two-stranded design, in which a rope 25 which can be wound on the cable drum 3 runs around a hook block 26 as a linear load-bearing means and forms a second strand 27, which is fixed to the frame 22 next to the cable drum 23 is anchored.
  • the operation of the cable 21 can be done in the same manner as the operation of the chain hoist 8.
  • the functional unit of load 12 on the one hand and the hoist or crane on the other hand form a vibratory structure which can be made to vibrate by jerking movements of the load.
  • Such vibrations are, for example, longitudinal vibrations in the linear load-bearing means in the form of the chain 9 or the cable 25, elastic deformations in the frame 22 of the cable 21, torsional vibrations in the transmission itself as well as bending vibrations in the crane structure, in this case in the bridge girder 2, to name only the most obvious elements that can make a significant contribution to the vibra ⁇ tions.
  • the vibrations cause the load 12 to move vertically up and down, with a decrease occurring in an upward movement and an increase in a load in a downward movement.
  • the expert sizing the components of the hoist and / or crane so that a critical limit is not exceeded by the dynamic load as a result of the up and down of the load 12.
  • the critical load limit is represented by a straight line 29 in the coordinate system.
  • the vertical force occurring on the hook 11 and the time t is plotted along the abscissa.
  • the force curve is illustrated by a line 30.
  • the acceleration force decreases as the jerk-accelerated load 12 picks up speed.
  • the load speed begins to be greater than the rope speed, which is why the force curve at t 3 begins to reverse.
  • the vertex of the force F is above the mean, which corresponds to the static or steady state and is indicated by a straight line 31. This is the beginning of a vibration that decays slowly over time.
  • the frequency corresponds to the natural resonance of the system.
  • the first minimum is at t 4 .
  • the maximum of the amplitude would be significantly below the maximum of the load curve 30 with the Kleinthubgeschwin- speed.
  • the invention makes use of this phenomenon by releasing with the hoist or crane in the Feinhub Anthony the lifting of a load whose weight is greater than the maximum permissible load, which may be raised with the Haupthub Anthony V H. This adjusts a flow of forces, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the first minimum occurs, the next maximum at t 10 , a minimum again at t i ⁇ , etc.
  • a higher mean value 33 means a greater weight of the load 12.
  • an oscillation frequency is set which, with an otherwise identical construction, is smaller than the oscillation frequency which is obtained when the system is loaded with the permissible maximum weight for the main lifting speed.
  • the lower amplitude of the oscillation in the Feinhub Irish has its cause in the lower kinetic energy that occurs in the jerky release movement as a result of the jerky speed change.
  • a control circuit according to FIG. 5 can be used.
  • the central controller 34 which is located in the control box 16
  • the control bulb 18 is connected.
  • the asynchronous motor 13 which may be a pole-changing motor in the embodiment shown. With the aid of the pole-changing motor, two speeds or lifting speeds differing by a factor of 2 can be realized.
  • a force sensor 36 is connected to the central controller 34, which serves to measure the hook load. With the help of the force sensor 36 overloading of the hoist should be avoided. How to perform such sensors is known in the art. Since it does not depend on the specific embodiment, suffices here is this brief explanation, which is based on the functionality.
  • a key switch 37 is connected to the controller 35. With the help of the key switch 37 is selected whether as Limit value at which no lifting movement should be initiated, the limit P 61 or P G2 shall apply. At the same time it is determined with the help of the key switch 37, whether the corresponding operation of one of the two push buttons 19 causes a switch from the Feinhub Anthony in the Hauptthub für.
  • the user can turn on both the fine stroke speed and the main stroke speed, which is, for example, 6 times as fast as the Feinhub Irish.
  • the set in the control limit P G1 ie the motor 13 is stopped when the sensor 36 reports a hook load that exceeds the limit P G1 .
  • the limit value P G1 corresponds to the mean value 31 plus any corrections corresponding to the expected vibrations. If this limit is exceeded, regardless of the operation of the button 19, the drive is stopped.
  • the user may have to move larger loads. With such loads, as can be seen from the above, it is to be feared that a shock will be induced when switching over to the main lifting speed, with the result that a dynamic force peak could arise which exceeds the limit value 29 according to FIG. 4.
  • the key switch will be activated by the user or an authorized ter 37 switched. This will do two things. Firstly, the new limit value P G2 is activated and, in addition, the main lifting speed is blocked. No matter how deep the user presses the button 19, the control on the motor 13 will turn on only the winding with the higher number of poles, so that the lower speed remains switched on. Despite the higher hook load, a force peak will now arise which is smaller than the value 29. The user is thus able to "overload the hoist" in a certain sense, with overload only being understood to mean an overload above the normal rated load, but does not exceed the limit 29.
  • Such events can be counted in an additional meter to allow for timely maintenance because the heavier load causes the hoist to "age" more than normal operation.
  • shocks occur when the hanging load is started up.
  • shocks can also occur when due to an emergency situation with a hanging load, the lifting speed is slowed to zero.
  • vibrations can be induced when, for example, is switched abruptly when lowering from the main stroke speed in the Feinhub für. There then occurs an electric brake in the engine, which in turn leads to the dreaded shock that excites the system to vibrate.
  • a drive system may be used in which the asynchronous motor 13 is driven, for example, via an inverter 38, as indicated in phantom in Fig. 5. Again, it can be provided that when a higher hook load a certain lifting speed must not be exceeded. This limitation is less necessary for the inverter drive because of the start, but rather the emergency stop. When starting up, the inverter can run through a speed curve that avoids shocks. When emergency stop the shock is inevitable.
  • FIG. 6 is a highly schematic representation of the flowchart required for this purpose.
  • the program starts at 40 and queries at 41 whether, starting from standstill, the raise or lower command is given. If no command is given, the program returns to the starting point 40. Otherwise it arrives at a query block 43, in which the force on the rope is compared with a limit, which is dependent on the current lifting speed. If this limit is not exceeded, the program comes to the instruction block 44, in which the speed is increased by a predetermined increment i. If, on the other hand, this value is exceeded, the program returns to the beginning in front of the query block 41.
  • a hoist or crane can be operated with at least two different maximum loads.
  • the maximum load that can be lifted at any given time is correlated with the lift speed to avoid the dynamically occurring load of the tips exceeding predetermined allowable load limits of crane or lift components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de levage ou une grue pouvant être exploité avec au moins deux charges maximales différentes. La charge maximale qui peut être à chaque fois levée est corrélée à la vitesse de levage, afin d'éviter que la force dynamique de pointe ne dépasse les limites de charge admissibles prescrites des éléments de la grue ou de l'appareil de levage.
EP07786487A 2006-09-12 2007-08-01 Appareil de levage à plage de travail étendue Withdrawn EP2064144A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006043492A DE102006043492A1 (de) 2006-09-12 2006-09-12 Hebezeug mit erweitertem Lastbereich
PCT/EP2007/006799 WO2008031477A1 (fr) 2006-09-12 2007-08-01 Appareil de levage à plage de travail étendue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2064144A1 true EP2064144A1 (fr) 2009-06-03

Family

ID=38561987

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07786487A Withdrawn EP2064144A1 (fr) 2006-09-12 2007-08-01 Appareil de levage à plage de travail étendue

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8157113B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2064144A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101535169B (fr)
DE (1) DE102006043492A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2460685C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008031477A1 (fr)

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CN108692754B (zh) * 2018-04-09 2020-07-03 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 一种深海平台锚链测量传感器护套专用夹具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2009113628A (ru) 2010-10-20
RU2460685C2 (ru) 2012-09-10
CN101535169A (zh) 2009-09-16
WO2008031477A1 (fr) 2008-03-20
DE102006043492A1 (de) 2008-03-27
US20090272710A1 (en) 2009-11-05
US8157113B2 (en) 2012-04-17
CN101535169B (zh) 2013-07-31

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