EP2035420A2 - Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitors - Google Patents

Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitors

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Publication number
EP2035420A2
EP2035420A2 EP07798772A EP07798772A EP2035420A2 EP 2035420 A2 EP2035420 A2 EP 2035420A2 EP 07798772 A EP07798772 A EP 07798772A EP 07798772 A EP07798772 A EP 07798772A EP 2035420 A2 EP2035420 A2 EP 2035420A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
linear
branched alkyl
methyl
ethyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07798772A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
John Michael Janusz
Shengde Wu
Neil T. Fairweather
Wenlin Lee
Benjamin E. Blass
Andrew J. Fluxe
Stephen J. Hodson
James M Ii Ridgeway
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wyeth LLC
Original Assignee
Wyeth LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wyeth LLC filed Critical Wyeth LLC
Publication of EP2035420A2 publication Critical patent/EP2035420A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, inter alia, to compounds effective as KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors.
  • the present invention further relates to inter alia, compositions comprising said KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors, and to methods for treating cardiac arrhythmia.
  • Atrial fibrillation is the most frequently encountered cardiac arrhythmia in the clinical setting. It affects nearly 3 million people in the United States and its prevalence increases with the aging of the population. AF is most often treated with class UI antiarrhythmic agents, acting at both the atrial and ventricular levels. Commonly used or prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs inhibit various potassium channels, and prolong ventricular repolarization. This prolongation can in turn precipitate the occurrence of life-threatening- ventricular arrhythmias, mainly Torsades de Pointes (TdP).
  • TdP Torsades de Pointes
  • Atrial- selective antiarrhythmic agents offer the possibility of increased therapeutic efficacy and safety by minimizing cardiac proarrhythmia inherent in traditional antiarrhythmic therapies.
  • the l-iV-amino-2-imidazolidinones of the present invention are a new class of compounds. Compounds of this class have been found to inhibit KvI.5 potassium channels function.
  • the compounds of the present invention have formula I:
  • R 2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R 23 wherein R 23 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl;
  • R 3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R 4 ; wherein R 4 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR 5 R 6 ; wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from a
  • R 13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR 14 R 15 ; R 14 and R 15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C 3 -Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO 2 R 16.
  • R 16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; or vii) -C(O)R 17 ; wherein R 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR 18 ; wherein R 18 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L 1 , and L 2 are each independently:
  • each R 19 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1.
  • Compounds of the present invention include those in which: R is optionally substituted phenyl; R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R 23 wherein R 23 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl;
  • R 3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R 4 ; wherein R 4 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substitued aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR 5 R 6 ; wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; c
  • R 16 is phenyl, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R 17 ; wherein R 17 is aryl or C 1 -C 5 heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR 18 ; wherein R 18 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or phenyl;
  • L, L 1 , and L 2 are each independently: each R 19 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
  • Compounds of the present invention include those in which: R is optionally substituted phenyl; R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 linear or branched alkyl, or C 3 -C 4 cycloalkyl
  • R 3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R 4 ; wherein R 4 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; iv) -C(O)NR 5 R 6 ; wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C 3 -C 7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR 7 ; wherein R 7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR 8 R 9 ; wherein R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear
  • R 13 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or phenyl; or c) -NR 14 R 15 ;
  • R 14 and R 15 are each independently hydrogen, or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; vi) -SO 2 R 1 1 6 0 ; wherein R 16 is phenyl; or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; vii) -C(O)R 17 ; wherein R 17 is C 1 -C 5 heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR 18 ; wherein R 18 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl;
  • L, L 1 , and L 2 are each independently: each R . 19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
  • the present invention further relates to compositions comprising: an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, said method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
  • the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure. Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
  • the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
  • the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention.
  • the KvI .5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention are capable of treating and preventing arrhythmia in the atrial portion of the human heart or in the heart of certain animals. It has been discovered that functional KvI.5 potassium channels are found in human atrial tissue but not in human ventricular myocytes. Without wishing to be limited by theory, it is believed the inhibition of the Kv 1.5 voltage-gated Shaker- like potassium (K + ) ion channel can ameliorate, abate, or otherwise cause to be controlled, atrial fibrillation and flutter without prolonging ventricular repolarization.
  • compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
  • alkyl whether used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to straight and branched carbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or any number within this range, for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e.g. C 1-6 ) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger alkyl- containing substituent.
  • Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, and the like.
  • Alkyl groups can be optionally substituted.
  • Non-limiting examples of substituted alkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, and the like.
  • substituent groups with multiple alkyl groups such as (Ci- ⁇ alkyl ⁇ amino, the alkyl groups may be the same or different.
  • alkenyl and alkynyl groups refer to straight and branched carbon chains having 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20, wherein an alkenyl chain has at least one double bond in the chain and an alkynyl chain has at least one triple bond in the chain.
  • Alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be optionally substituted.
  • Nonlimiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, 3-propenyl, 1-propenyl (also 2-methylethenyl), isopropenyl (also 2-methylethen-2-yl), buten-4-yl, and the like.
  • Nonlimiting examples of substituted alkenyl groups include 2-chloroethenyl (also 2-chlorovinyl), 4-hydroxybuten- 1-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-4-en-2-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-3,5-dien-2-yl, and the like.
  • Nonlimiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, prop-2-ynyl (also propargyl), propyn-1-yl, and 2-methyl-hex-4-yn-l-yl.
  • Alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be optionally substituted.
  • Nonlimiting examples of substituted alkynyl groups include, 5-hydroxy-5- methylhex-3-ynyl, 6-hydroxy-6-methylhept-3-yn-2-yl, 5-hydroxy-5-ethylhept-3-ynyl, and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic carbon-containing ring including cyclized alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, e.g., having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 7 or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, and optionally containing one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) double or triple bond.
  • Cycloalkyl groups can be monocyclic (e.g., cyclohexyl) or polycyclic (e.g., containing fused, bridged, and/or spiro ring systems), wherein the carbon atoms are located inside or outside of the ring system. Any suitable ring position of the cycloalkyl group can be covalently linked to the defined chemical structure. Cycloalkyl rings can be optionally substituted.
  • Nonlimiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include: cyclopropyl, 2-methyl-cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, 2,3-dihydroxycyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctanyl, decalinyl, 2,5-dimethylcyclopentyl, 3,5-dichlorocyclohexyl, A- hydroxycyclohexyl, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-l-yl, octahydropentalenyl, octahydro-lH- indenyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-inden-4-yl, decahydroazulenyl; bicyclo[6.2.0]de
  • cycloalkyl also includes carbocyclic rings which are bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, non- limiting examples of which include, bicyclo-[2.1.1]hexanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, l,3-dimethyl[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, and bicyclo[3.3.3]undecanyl.
  • ⁇ aloalkyl is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with 1 or more halogen.
  • ⁇ aloalkyl groups include perhaloalkyl groups, wherein all hydrogens of an alkyl group have been replaced with halogens (e.g., -CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 ).
  • halogens e.g., -CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3
  • ⁇ aloalkyl groups can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents in addition to halogen.
  • haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, dichloroethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and pentachloroethyl groups.
  • aryl wherein used alone or as part of another group, is defined herein as an unsaturated, aromatic monocyclic ring of 6 carbon members or to an unsaturated, aromatic polycyclic ring of from 10 to 14 carbon members.
  • Aryl rings can be, for example, phenyl or naphthyl ring each optionally substituted with one or more moieties capable of replacing one or more hydrogen atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include: phenyl, naphthylen-1-yl, naphthylen-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2- hydroxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-amino-4-fluorophenyl, 2-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl, 2- cyanophenyl, 2,6-di-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 8-hydroxynaphthylen-2-yl 4,5- dimethoxynaphthylen-1-yl, and 6-cyano-naphthylen-l-yl.
  • Aryl groups also include, for example, phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-l,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
  • phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-l,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
  • heterocyclic and/or “heterocycle,” whether used alone or as part of another group, are defined herein as one or more rings (e.g., 2 or 3 rings) having from 3 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S) and wherein further the ring that includes the heteroatom is non-aromatic.
  • the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be aryl (e.g., indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl).
  • heterocycle groups have from 3 to 14 ring atoms of which from 1 to 5 are heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
  • N nitrogen
  • O oxygen
  • S sulfur
  • One or more N or S atoms in a heterocycle group can be oxidized.
  • Heterocycle groups can be optionally substituted.
  • Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having a single ring include: diazirinyl, aziridinyl, urazolyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolinyl oxathiazolidinonyl, oxazolidinonyl, hydantoinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidin-2- onyl (valerolactam), 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-azepinyl, 2,3-dihydro- IH- indole, and 1,2,3,4-
  • Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having 2 or more rings include: hexahydro-lH-pyrrolizinyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-lH-benzo[d]imidazolyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro- lH-indolyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, and decahydro-lH-cycloocta[b]pyrrolyl.
  • heteroaryl whether used alone or as part of another group, is defined herein as one or more rings having from 5 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S), and wherein further at least one of the rings that includes a heteroatom is aromatic.
  • the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be a carbocycle (e.g., 6,7-Dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidine) or aryl (e.g., benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl).
  • heteroaryl groups have from 5 to 14 ring atoms and contain from 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S). One or more N or S atoms in a heteroaryl group can be oxidized. Heteroaryl groups can be substituted.
  • heteroaryl rings containing a single ring include: 1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl, [l,2,3]triazolyl, [l,2,4]triazolyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, lH-imidazolyl, oxazolyl, furanyl, thiopheneyl, pyrimidinyl, 2- phenylpyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, 3-methylpyridinyl, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinyl.
  • Non- limiting examples of heteroaryl rings containing 2 or more fused rings include: benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, cinnolinyl, naphthyridinyl, phenanthridinyl, 7H-purinyl, 9H-purinyl, 6-amino-9H-purinyl, 5H- pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, 7H-pyrrolo[2,3- ⁇ i]pyrimidinyl, pyrido[2,3- ⁇ i]pyrimidinyl, 2- phenylbenzo[d] thiazolyl, lH-indolyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-l-H-indolyl, quinoxalinyl, 5- methylquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 8-hydroxy-quinolinyl, and
  • heteroaryl group as described above is C 1 - C 5 heteroaryl, which has 1 to 5 carbon ring atoms and at least one additional ring atom that is a heteroatom (preferably 1 to 4 additional ring atoms that are heteroatoms) independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
  • N nitrogen
  • O oxygen
  • S sulfur
  • C 1 -C 5 heteroaryl examples include, but are not limited to, triazinyl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, imidazol-1- yl, lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-imidazol-4-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thiophen- 2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin- 3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl.
  • the ring when two substituents are taken together to form a ring having a specified number of ring atoms (e.g., R 8 and R 9 taken together with the N to which they are attached to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring members), the ring can have carbon atoms and optionally one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
  • N nitrogen
  • O oxygen
  • S sulfur
  • the ring can be saturated or partially saturated and can be optionally substituted.
  • treat and “treating,” as used herein, refer to partially or completely alleviating, inhibiting, ameliorating and/or relieving a condition from which a patient is suspected to suffer.
  • terapéuticaally effective refers to a substance or an amount that elicits a desirable biological activity or effect.
  • the terms “subject” or “patient” are used interchangeably and refer to mammals such as human patients and non-human primates, as well as experimental animals such as rabbits, rats, and mice, and other animals. Accordingly, the term “subject” or “patient” as used herein means any mammalian patient or subject to which the compounds of the invention can be administered.
  • accepted screening methods are employed to determine risk factors associated with a targeted or suspected disease or condition or to determine the status of an existing disease or condition in a subject. These screening methods include, for example, conventional work-ups to determine risk factors that may be associated with the targeted or suspected disease or condition. These and other routine methods allow the clinician to select patients in need of therapy using the methods and compounds of the present invention.
  • fused ring units, as well as spirocyclic rings, bicyclic rings and the like, which comprise a single heteroatom will be considered to belong to the cyclic family corresponding to the heteroatom containing ring.
  • 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline having the formula:
  • 6,7-Dihydro- 5H-cyclopentapyrimidine having the formula: is, for the purposes of the present invention, considered a heteroaryl unit.
  • a fused ring unit contains heteroatoms in both a saturated and an aryl ring, the aryl ring will predominate and determine the type of category to which the ring is assigned. For example, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridine having the formula:
  • substituted is used throughout the specification.
  • substituted is defined herein as a moiety, whether acyclic or cyclic, which has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent or several (e.g., 1 to 10) substituents as defined herein below.
  • the substituents are capable of replacing one or two hydrogen atoms of a single moiety at a time.
  • these substituents can replace two hydrogen atoms on two adjacent carbons to form said substituent, new moiety or unit.
  • a substituted unit that requires a single hydrogen atom replacement includes halogen, hydroxyl, and the like.
  • a two hydrogen atom replacement includes carbonyl, oximino, and the like.
  • a two hydrogen atom replacement from adjacent carbon atoms includes epoxy, and the like.
  • substituted is used throughout the present specification to indicate that a moiety can have one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent. When a moiety is described as “substituted” any number of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced.
  • difluoromethyl is a substituted C 1 alkyl
  • trifluoromethyl is a substituted C 1 alkyl
  • 4-hydroxyphenyl is a substituted aromatic ring
  • (N,N-dimethyl-5-amino)octanyl is a substituted Cs alkyl
  • 3-guanidinopropyl is a substituted C 3 alkyl
  • 2-carboxypyridinyl is a substituted heteroaryl.
  • variable groups defined herein e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, and heteroaryl groups defined herein, whether used alone or as part of another group, can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents. Optionally substituted groups will be so indicated.
  • R 26 at each occurrence, independently is hydrogen, Ci_ 6 alkyl, Ci_ 6 haloalkyl, C 2 _ 8 alkenyl group, C 2 _ 8 alkynyl group, cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl), aryl, , heterocycle, or heteroaryl, or two R 26 units taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form an optionally substituted carbocycle or heterocycle wherein said carbocycle or heterocycle has 3 to 7 ring atoms; wherein R 26 , at each occurrence, independently is hydrogen, Ci_ 6 alkyl, Ci_ 6 haloalkyl, C 2 _ 8 alkenyl group, C 2 _ 8 alkynyl group, cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl), aryl, , heterocycle, or heteroaryl, or two R 26 units taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form an optional
  • the substituents are selected from i) -OR 25 ; for example, -OH, -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; ii) -C(O)R 25 ; for example, -COCH 3 , -COCH 2 CH 3 , -COCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; iii) -C(O)OR 25 ; for example, -CO 2 CH 3 , -CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , -CO 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; iv) -C(O)N(R 25 ) 2 ; for example, -CONH 2 , -CONHCH 3 , -CON(CH 3 ) 2 ; v) -N(R 25 ) 2 ; for example, -NH 2 , -NHCH 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , -NH(CH 2 CH 3 ); vi) -NR
  • C 1-6 alkyl is specifically intended to individually disclose C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C5, C 6 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 5 , C 1 -C 4 , C 1 -C 3 , C 1 -C 2 , C 2 -C 6 , C 2 -C 5 , C 2 -C 4 , C 2 -C 3 , C 3 -C 6 , C 3 -C 5 , C 3 -C 4 , C 4 -C 6 , C 4 -C 5 , and C 5 -C 6 , alkyl.
  • composition of matter stand equally well for the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors described herein, including all enantiomeric forms, diastereomeric forms, salts, and the like, and the terms “compound,” “analog,” and “composition of matter” are used interchangeably throughout the present specification.
  • Compounds described herein can contain an asymmetric atom (also referred as a chiral center), and some of the compounds can contain one or more asymmetric atoms or centers, which can thus give rise to optical isomers (enantiomers) and diastereomers.
  • asymmetric atom also referred as a chiral center
  • the present teachings and compounds disclosed herein include such enantiomers and diastereomers, as well as the racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure R and S stereoisomers, as well as other mixtures of the R and S stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Optical isomers can be obtained in pure form by standard procedures known to those skilled in the art, which include, but are not limited to, diastereomeric salt formation, kinetic resolution, and asymmetric synthesis.
  • the present teachings also encompass cis and trans isomers of compounds containing alkenyl moieties (e.g., alkenes and imines). It is also understood that the present teachings encompass all possible regioisomers, and mixtures thereof, which can be obtained in pure form by standard separation procedures known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
  • compositions of the present teachings which can have an acidic moiety, can be formed using organic and inorganic bases. Both mono and polyanionic salts are contemplated, depending on the number of acidic hydrogens available for deprotonation.
  • Suitable salts formed with bases include metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, or magnesium salts; ammonia salts and organic amine salts, such as those formed with morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower alkylamine (e.g., ethyl-tert-butyl-, diethyl-, diisopropyl-, triethyl-, tributyl- or dimethylpropylamine), or a mono-, di-, or trihydroxy lower alkylamine (e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine).
  • metal salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, or magnesium salts
  • ammonia salts and organic amine salts such as those formed with morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-,
  • inorganic bases include NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , LiOH, NaOH, KOH, NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , and Na 3 PO 4 .
  • Internal salts also can be formed.
  • salts can be formed using organic and inorganic acids.
  • salts can be formed from the following acids: acetic, propionic, lactic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, tartaric, succinic, dichloroacetic, ethenesulfonic, formic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hippuric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, napthalenesulfonic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, phthalic, propionic, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and camphorsulfonic as well as other known pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
  • the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention are 5- spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones, and include all enantiomeric and diasteriomeric forms and salts of compounds which are members of the genus named and referred to herein as l-(R 2 -substituted)-2,3,8-(substituted)-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (I):
  • 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones is used in general to refer to the genus, which encompasses the compounds of the present invention, throughout the specification.
  • R is optionally substituted phenyl.
  • the phenyl group can be substituted with any of the substituents provided herein.
  • suitable substituents include, but are not limited to halogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, -OR 20 , -CN, -N(R 20 ) 2 , -CO 2 R 20 , -C(O)N(R 20 ) 2 , -NR 20 C(O)R 20 , -NO 2 , and -SO 2 R 20 ; each R 20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 (e.g., C 1 -C 4 ) linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3
  • the ring may comprise additional heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur; and the ring optionally may be substituted.
  • Non-limiting examples of rings formed when two R 20 units are taken together include: piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.
  • the substituents on the optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group is a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • the phenyl group can be substituted at any position on the ring, e.g., meta, para, and/or ortho positions.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is phenyl, 2- fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5- difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4- trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,6-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,6- trifluorophenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlor
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3,4- trimethylphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 2,3-diethylphenyl, 2,4-diethylphenyl, 2,5-diethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 3,4- diethylphenyl, 3,5-die
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- cyclopropylphenyl, 3-cyclopropylphenyl, 4-cyclopropyl-phenyl, 2- (cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 4-(cyclopropyl-methyl)phenyl, 2-z.r ⁇ -butylphenyl, 3-z,SO-butylphenyl, 4-z.r ⁇ -butylphenyl, 2-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-tert- butylphenyl, 4-te/t-butylphenyl, 2-cyclobutylphenyl, 3-cyclobutyl-phenyl, A- cyclobutylphenyl, 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, or A- (cyclobutyl-methyl)phenyl
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethoxy- phenyl, 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxy- phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,3-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,5- dihydroxyphenyl, 2,6-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, A- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2,4- bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4-bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4- bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5-bis(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl, 3,5- bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl.
  • R is 2- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-triflu
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2,3-dicyano-phenyl, 2,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,5- dicyanophenyl, 2,6-dicyanophenyl, 3,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,3,4-tricyanophenyl, 2,3,5- tricyanophenyl, 2,3,6-tricyanophenyl, 2,4,5-tricyanophenyl, 3,4,5-tricyanophenyl, or 2,4,6- tricyanophenyl.
  • R is 2- cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2,3-dicyano-phenyl, 2,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,5- dicyanophenyl, 2,6-dicyanophenyl, 3,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2-nitrophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2,3-dinitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, 2,5-dinitrophenyl, 2,6- dinitrophenyl, 3,4-dinitrophenyl, 3,5-dinitrophenyl, 2,3,4-trinitrophenyl, 2,3,5- trinitrophenyl, 2,3,6-trinitrophenyl, 2,4,5-trinitrophenyl, 3,4,5-trinitrophenyl, or 2,4,6- trinitropheny.
  • R is 2-nitrophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2,3-dinitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, 2,5-dinitrophenyl, 2,6- dinitrophenyl, 3,4-dinitrophenyl, 3,5-dinitrophenyl, 2,3,4-trinitropheny
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2,6-dimethyl- 4-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-3-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 2- hydroxy-4-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-te/t-butylphenyl, or 2,6-difluoro-4-cyanophenyl.
  • R is 2,6-dimethyl- 4-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-3-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,6
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 3- dimethylaminophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 3-diethylaminophenyl, A- diethylaminophenyl, 3-methylsulfanylphenyl, 4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl, 3- ethylsulfanylphenyl, 4-ethylsulfanylphenyl, 3-propylsulfanylphenyl, or A- propylsulfanylphenyl.
  • R is 3- dimethylaminophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 3-diethylaminophenyl, A- diethylaminophenyl, 3-methylsulfanylphenyl, 4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl, 3- ethylsulfanylphenyl, 4-ethylsulfanylphenyl,
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- aminophenyl, 2-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 2-(N- ethylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-(N- methylamino)phenyl, 3-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, 3-(NJV- diethylamino)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, A-(N,N- dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, or 4-(iV,iV-diethylamino)pheny
  • R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl.
  • the phenyl group can be substituted with any of the substituents provided herein.
  • suitable substituents include, but are not limited to: halogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 (e.g., C 1 -C 4 ) linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched haloalkyl optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 (e.g., C 3 -C 4 ) cycloalkyl, -OR 21 , -CN, -N(R 21 ) 2 , -CO 2 R 21 , -C(O)N(R 21 ) 2 , -NR 21 C(O)R 21 , -SO 2 R 21 , and -NO 2 ; each R 21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g., C 1 -C 4 linear or branched alkyl
  • the ring may comprise additional heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and the ring optionally may be substituted.
  • rings formed when two R 21 units are taken together include: piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.
  • the substituent on the optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group is a C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • the phenyl group can be substituted at any position on the ring, e.g., meta, para, and/or ortho positions.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 1 is phenyl, 2- fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5- difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4- trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,6-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,6- trifluorophenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dich
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 1 is 2- methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3,4- trimethylphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 2,3-diethylphenyl, 2,4-diethylphenyl, 2,5-diethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 3,4- diethylphenyl, 3,5-
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 1 is 2- cyclopropylphenyl, 3-cyclopropylphenyl, 4-cyclopropyl-phenyl, 2- (cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 4-(cyclopropyl-methyl)phenyl, 2-z.r ⁇ -butylphenyl, 3-z,SO-butylphenyl, 4-z.r ⁇ -butylphenyl, 2-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-tert- butylphenyl, 4-te/t-butylphenyl, 2-cyclobutylphenyl, 3-cyclobutyl-phenyl, A- cyclobutylphenyl, 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, or A- (cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 1 is 2- methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 3-tri- fluoromethylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2- difluoromethoxy
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is 2-aminophenyl, 2-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, 2-(N,N-diethylamino)phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-(N- methylamino)phenyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(N-ethylamino)phenyl, 3-(N,N- diethylamino)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-(N-methylamino)phenyl, A-(N,N- dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(N-ethylamino)phenyl, or 4-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl.
  • R 1 is 2-aminophenyl, 2-
  • R 2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R 23 wherein R 23 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • Compounds of the present invention include those wherein R is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 4 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R 23 wherein R 23 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 2 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 4 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R 23 wherein R 23 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • Compounds of the present invention include those wherein R is not hydrogen.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 2 is C 3 -C 4 cycloalkyl or C 1 -C 4 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 2 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, or cyclopropylmethyl .
  • R 3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R 4 ; wherein R 4 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR 5 R 6 ; wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR 7 ; wherein R 7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl
  • R 13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR 14 R 15 ;
  • R 14 and R 15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C 3 -Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO 2 R 16. wherein R 16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R 17 ; wherein R 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR 18 ; wherein R 18 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R 4 ; wherein R 4 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; iv) -C(O)NR 5 R 6 ; wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C 3 -C 7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR 7 ; wherein R 7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR 8 R 9 ; wherein R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched
  • R 13 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or phenyl; or c) -NR 14 R 15 ;
  • R 14 and R 15 are each independently hydrogen, or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; vi) -SO 2 R 16 ; wherein R 16 is phenyl; or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; vii) -C(O)R 17 ; wherein R 17 is C 1 -C 5 heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR 18 ; wherein R 18 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 3 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • R 3 include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl , cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3- methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylmethylbutyl, 2,3-
  • R 3 is -C(O)R 4 , wherein R 4 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocycle.
  • Nonlimiting examples of R 4 include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zso-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-buty ⁇ , tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, n- pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl,l,l-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3- dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • Non-limiting examples of R 3 include -C(O)CH 3 , -C(O)cyclopropyl
  • R 3 is-C(O)NR 5 R 6 , wherein each R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR 7 ; wherein R 7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR 8 R 9 ; wherein R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO 2 R 10 , wherein R 10 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; or R 8 and R 9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms
  • R 3 is C(O)NR 5 R 6 wherein each R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C 3 -C 7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR 7 ;
  • R 7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR 8 R 9 ;
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH or -CO 2 R 10 , wherein R 10 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl; or R 8 and R 9 can be taken together to from a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; or f) R 5 and R 6 can be taken together to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms.
  • Exemplary compounds of the invention include those wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 cycloalklyl.
  • Nonlimiting examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
  • R 3 include -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHCH 3 , -C(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 , -C(O)N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , -C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , and -C(O)NH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ].
  • R 3 is-C(O)NR 5 R 6 and R 5 is -OR 7 or -NR 8 R 9 ; thereby forming R 3 units having the formula -C(O)NR 6 OR 7 or -C(O)NR 6 NR 8 R 9 , wherein, in exemplary embodiments, R 6 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl; R 7 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso- propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl; R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, iso-butyl, buty
  • R 3 are -C(O)NHOH, -C(O)NHOCH 3 , -C(O)NHNH 2 , -C(O)NHOCH 2 CH 3 , -C(O)NCH 3 OCH 3 , -C(O)NHNHC(O)OCH 3 , or -C(O)NHNHC(O)OC(CH 3 ) 3
  • R 3 is -C(O)NR 5 R 6 and R 5 and R 6 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms.
  • rings formed from R 5 and R 6 include aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, morpholinyl, and piperidin-1-yl.
  • R 3 is -C(NR 1 X )R 12 wherein R 11 is hydrogen; optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; hydroxyl (-OH); or cyano (-CN); and R 12 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; -OR 13 , wherein R 13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; or -NR 14 R 15 , wherein R 14 and R 15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • R 3 include -C(NR 1 X )R 12 wherein
  • Non-limiting examples of the alkyl groups of R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, and tert- butyl.
  • Non-limiting examples of R 14 and R 15 groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl.
  • R 3 is -SO 2 R 16 wherein R 16 is optionally substituted aryl (e.g., optionally substituted phenyl), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
  • R 16 groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zs ⁇ -propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl.
  • R 3 include -SO 2 CH 3 , -SO 2 C 6 Hs, -SO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , and -SO 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • R 3 is -C(O)R 17 wherein R 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
  • Non-limiting examples include imidazol-1-yl, lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-imidazol-4-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3- yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2- yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl, triazinyl, thiazol-2-yl , and thiazol-4-yl.
  • R 3 is -C(O)OR 18 wherein R 18 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl.
  • R 18 groups include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zso-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl.
  • R 3 include -C(O)OCH 3 , -C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , -C(O)OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , and - C(O)OC(CH 3 ) 3 .
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 3 is hydrogen, -C(O)R 4 ; -C(O)NR 5 R 6 , -C(O)NR 5 OR 7 ; -C(O)NR 5 NR 8 R 9 , -C(NR 1 X )R 12 , -SO 2 R 16 , -C(O)OR 18 , or -C(O)R 17 ; R 4 is -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; R 5 is hydrogen, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , or -CH(CH 3 ) 2 ; R 6 is hydrogen, -CH 3 , or -CH 2 CH 3 ; or R 5 and R 6 are taken together
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R 3 is hydrogen, -C(O)CH 3 , -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHCH 3 , -C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , -C(O)NH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ], -C(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 , -C(O)N(CH 2 CH 3 ), -C(O)OCH 3 , -C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , -C(O)OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , -C(O)OC(CHs) 3 , -C(O)NHOH, -C(O)NHOCH 3 , -C(O)N(CH 3 )OCH 3 , -C(O)NHNH 2 -C(O)NHOCH 2 CH 3 , -C(O)
  • L, L 1 , and L 2 are linking units each independently having the formula:
  • each R 19 unit present in a linking unit is independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1.
  • x is equal to 0, linking group L is absent, and when x is equal to 1, linking group L is present.
  • y is equal to 0, linking group L 1 is absent, and when y is equal to 1, linking group L 1 is present.
  • linking group L 2 is absent, and when z is equal to 1, linking group L 2 is present.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein x is 1 and L is -CH 2 CH 2 - (ethylene).
  • Compounds according to these embodiments have the formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein x is 1 and L is -CH 2 - (methylene).
  • Compounds according to these embodiments have the formula (HI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein y is 0 and the compounds have the formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein y is 1 and L 1 is -CH 2 - (methylene).
  • Compounds according to these embodiments have the formula (V) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein z is 0 and the compounds have the formula (VI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein z is 1 and L is -CH 2 - (methylene).
  • Compounds according the these embodiments have the formula (V ⁇ ) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • the linking units L, L 1 , and L 2 may be present or absent in any combination.
  • x is 1, y is 0 and z is 0; in other embodiments, x is 1, y is 0 and z is 1; in still other embodiments, x is 1, y is 1 and z is O.
  • Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (VIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (X) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • R, R 1 , and R 4 are defined herein below in Table II.
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formulas (XII) or (XIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XIV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XVI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XVII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (XVIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]-decanes having the formula (XIX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof: (XIX) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R 1 and R 3 are defined herein below in Table XL
  • Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]-decanes having the formula (XX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (XXI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
  • Example 1 provides methods for preparing representative compounds of formula (IX). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
  • the filtrate is allowed to stand until a precipitate has re-formed. This procedure of collecting the precipitate is repeated until no more precipitate forms from the filtrate.
  • the solvent is removed in vacuo to afford 3.2 g of the desired product as a viscous crude yellow oil which is used without further purification.
  • reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 20 seconds and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 20 minutes at 120 0 C.
  • the reaction is then cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water (2 x 50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and purified over silica to afford 507 mg (50% yield) of the desired product.
  • the reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 30 seconds and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 25 minutes at 90 0 C.
  • the reaction is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with water (2 x 50 mL). The remaining aqueous layer is then extracted with EtOAc (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic extracts are then dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness.
  • the crude residue is then purified over silica to afford 512 mg (58% yield) of the desired product.
  • Example 2 provides methods for preparing representative compounds of formula (X). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
  • Compound 4 8-Cyclopropylcarbonyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one.
  • Example 3 provides methods for preparing representative compounds of formula (XI). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
  • Compound 21 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-(azetidin-l-ylcarbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one.
  • reaction mixture is stirred at 0 0 C for 45 minutes then at room temperature for 45 minutes followed by re-cooling the reaction to 0 0 C after which azetidine (0.25 g, 4.38 mmol) is added.
  • azetidine (0.25 g, 4.38 mmol) is added.
  • the reaction mixture stirred with warming to room temperature for 68 hours.
  • the crude material is purified over silica to afford 0.08 g of the desired product.
  • Example 6 outlines the preparation of exemplary compounds according to the present invention wherein R 3 is -C(O)NR 5 (OR 7 ).
  • R 3 is -C(O)NR 5 (OR 7 ).
  • the skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
  • the resulting solution is stirred at 0 0 C for 15 minutes then at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • the mixture is re- cooled to 0 0 C and added dropwise to a cold mixture of O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (207 mg, 2.5 mmol) and Et 3 N (500 ⁇ L, 3.6 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (2 mL).
  • the resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3.5 days followed by stirring at 40 0 C overnight.
  • the mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water, saturated NH 4 CI, and brine.
  • the organic layer is dried over Na 2 SO 4 and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure.
  • Example 7 herein below outline the preparation of exemplary compounds according to the present invention wherein R 3 is -C(O)NR 5 NR 8 R 9 .
  • the skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
  • Compound 29 tert-Butyl 2-( ⁇ 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl ⁇ carbonyl)hydrazine carboxylate
  • reaction mixture is stirred at 0 0 C for 45 minutes and at room temperature for 2 hours followed by re-cooling to 0 0 C and addition of tert-butylcarbazate (0.05 g, 0.35 mmol).
  • the cooling bath is removed and the reaction is stirred for 19 hours after which time the reaction mixture is adsorbed onto silica and washed with solvent to afford 0.09 g of the desired product.
  • Exemplary Compounds of formula (XIV) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined in example 8. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein.
  • Compound 30 iV-cyano-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide
  • Exemplary compounds of formula (XV) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined herein below in Example 9. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
  • Exemplary compounds of formula (XVI) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined herein below in Example 10. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
  • Exemplary ccompounds of formula (XVII) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined herein below in Example 11. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
  • Exemplary compounds of formula XVIII of the present invention can be prepared by the same procedures as outlined herein by replacing 4-methoxyphenethyl amine with 3-phenylpropyl amine.
  • the following are non-limiting examples of compounds according of formula XVIII of the present invention. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
  • Compound 51 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid methylamide.
  • An alternative name for this compound is 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-iV,l-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide.
  • Exemplary compounds of formula XIX (L 2 equal to methylene, -CH 2 -) can be prepared according to the examples 12 and 13 or with modifications which are routine to the artisan.
  • the resulting mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture is diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 and washed with NaHCO 3 (50 mL, saturated aqueous).
  • the organic layer is removed and the aqueous layer extracted by CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL).
  • the combined organic layers are washed with NaHCO 3 , H 2 O, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and purified via HPLC to afford 293 mg (62% yield) of the desired product.
  • Exemplary compounds of formula XX of the present invention can be prepared by the procedure outlined in Example 14 herein below. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein.
  • the reaction mixture is capped, stirred 30 seconds and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 25 minutes at 90 0 C.
  • the reaction is cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with water (2 x 100 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to a crude residue which is purified over silica to afford 920 mg (34% yield) of the desired product.
  • the reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 30 sec. and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 40 minutes at 90 0 C.
  • the reaction is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (150 mL), washed with water (2 x 50 mL).
  • the combined organic extracts are then dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness.
  • the crude product is purified over silica to afford 560 mg (68% yield) of the desired product.
  • Exemplary compounds of formula XXI of the present invention can be prepared by the procedure outlined in Example 15. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
  • Compound 62 2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
  • Compound 64 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
  • An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate.
  • Compound 65 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate.
  • Compound 68 2-(4-terr-butylbenzyl)-3- [2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 - methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
  • An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-(4- methoxyphenethyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate.
  • Compound 72 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; HRMS: calcd for C 25 H 32 N 4 O 4 + H+, 453.24963; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 453.2489; HPLC Retention: 2.7 min.
  • Compound 80 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbohydrazide; HRMS: calcd for C 27 H 35 N 5 O 3 + H+, 478.28127; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 478.2814; HPLC Retention: 2.9 min.
  • Compound 96 2-(4-terr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4- oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
  • An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate.
  • the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention.
  • spectroscopic means such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high pressure liquid chromatograpy (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), or thin layer chromatography (TLC).
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatograpy
  • GC gas chromatography
  • GPC gel-permeation chromatography
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • Preparation of the compounds can involve protection and deprotection of various chemical groups.
  • the need for protection and deprotection and the selection of appropriate protecting groups can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • the chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Greene et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed. (Wiley & Sons, 1991), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
  • Suitable solvents typically are substantially nonreactive with the reactants, intermediates, and/or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, i.e., temperatures that can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature.
  • a given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent.
  • suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected.
  • the first aspect of the process of the present invention relates to a process for preparing 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors having the formula:
  • R is optionally substituted phenyl
  • R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl
  • L and L 1 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula: each R 19 is independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x and y are each independently 0 or 1.
  • the 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone formed in this synthesis also can serve as an intermediate for preparing Kv 1.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention having formula (I).
  • the first aspect of the process of the present invention comprises the steps of: a) reacting an amine having the fomula:
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are nitrogen protecting groups such that Z 1 and Z 2 are each removable by a means which does not affect and/or remove the other protecting group and Z 1 is capable of forming one or two bonds with nitrogen; to form an amide having the formula:
  • step (b) removing the protecting group Z 1 to form a mono-protected spirocyclic precursor amine having the formula: c) reacting the mono-protected spirocyclic precursor amine formed in step (b) with an aldehyde having the formula:
  • step (a) relates to reacting an amine with a protected intermediate having the formula:
  • Z 1 and Z 2 should each be removable by a means which does not affect and/or remove the other protecting group, that is, Z 1 and Z 2 should be capable of sequential removal. The process for removing Z 1 should not effect Z 2 and vice versa.
  • Z 1 is a protecting group which may form either one or two bonds with the primary amino unit of the intermediate. Examples of single bond protecting groups include benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), tert- butoxycarbonyl (Boc), [(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl (Fmoc), and the like. Examples of two bond protecting groups includes phthalimido. Any suitable single bond protecting group can serve as Z 2 provided the means for removing Z 1 does not also remove Z 2 or vice versa. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Greene et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed. (Wiley & Sons, 1991).
  • Step (a) can be conducted in the presence of a solvent, non-limiting examples of which include dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), 1,1- dichloroethane (CHCl 2 CH 3 ), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and the like.
  • a solvent non-limiting examples of which include dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), 1,1- dichloroethane (CHCl 2 CH 3 ), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and the like.
  • a catalyst may be used to activate the intermediate carboxylic acid towards reaction with the amine.
  • suitable catalysts include benzotriazole-2-yl-(oxy-tris-pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), O- (7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI), dicyclodhexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and the like.
  • an organic or inorganic base can be utilized to assist in ensuring the reactivity of the amine.
  • organic bases include: triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylamine (DIPA), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), N-methylmorpholine (NMM), pyridine, and s-lutidine.
  • TAA triethylamine
  • DIPA diisopropylamine
  • DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
  • NMM N-methylmorpholine
  • pyridine and s-lutidine.
  • the time and temperature of the reaction can be adjusted by the formulator to achieve optimal yields. These adjustments are within the scope of ordinary conditions which are familiar to the artisan of skill.
  • the second step of the process of the present invention relates to the selective removal of the protecting group Z 1 . This is accomplished in a manner which leaves the Z 2 protecting group intact. This differential removal of Z 1 can be accomplished by selecting the proper protecting group in the previous steps or purchasing commercially available compounds for use in the present process. This step can be carried out under any conditions which do not change or modify the core structure of the molecule and which leaves the protecting group Z 2 intact.
  • a non-limiting example of a group which is removed in this step is 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate "Fmoc" which can removed by heating the intermediate formed in Step (a) in DMF, glyme, diglyme, dioxane, or other high boiling solvent with a catalytic amount of an organic or an inorganic base, non- limiting examples of which include piperidine, morpholine, ethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and the like.
  • a protecting group such as "Fmoc” which is removable with base is compatible with Z 2 protecting groups which can be removed by acid cleavage, for example, te/t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), or hydrogenolysis, for example, Carbobenzyloxy (Cbz).
  • the third step of the process of the present invention relates to the reaction of an aldehyde having the formula:
  • microwave radiation is used to heat the reaction in step (c).
  • the reaction if conducted in the presence of a solvent, will comprise sufficient solvent to insure complete solution of the reactants.
  • solvents suitable for use include: C 1 -C 6 linear, branched, or cyclic alcohols, inter alia, methanol, ethanol, zs ⁇ -propanol, and the like; esters, inter alia, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and the like; halogenated C 1 -C 2 alkanes, inter alia, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2 dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and the like; ethers, inter alia, tetrahydrofuran, diethylether, methyl te/t-butyl ether, and the like.
  • an organic or inorganic base can also be used to further the rate of reaction.
  • inorganic bases includes NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , and the like.
  • step (c) As it relates to the final compounds of the present invention, in the case wherein Z 2 serves as a protecting group, as well as a suitable R 3 unit, the product of step (c) will result in a KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitor according to the present invention.
  • Z is a -SO 2 CH 3 unit
  • this will serve the purpose of protecting the ring nitrogen from reaction and this unit is a R 3 as described herein above and claimed herein below.
  • the fourth step of the process of the present invention relates to removal of the Z 2 protecting group.
  • This step produces compounds wherein R 3 is hydrogen.
  • Compounds wherein R 3 is hydrogen are both KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors, as well as intermediates for analogs wherein R 3 comprises a moiety defined herein above.
  • the conditions under which the R 3 group is introduced is dependent upon the structure of the moiety being introduced and the reactivity of the reagent which introduces said moiety.
  • step (d) is followed by step (e): e) reacting said inhibitor formed in step (d) having the formula:
  • KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitor having the formula:
  • the 1-position ring nitrogen (R unit) is alkylated prior to removal of the Z protecting group (step (d) above).
  • This embodiment includes: d)(ii) reacting the protected 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone formed in step (c) above having the formula:
  • N-alkyl-5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinone having the formula:
  • Step (d)(ii) utilizes an alkylating agent to introduce R 2 when R 2 is C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, or isopropyl).
  • Any alkylating agent is suitable for use, for example, methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, and the like.
  • the reaction can be conducted in the presence of a solvent, in one iteration the solvent is a polar aprotic solvent, inter alia, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the like.
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • a non-nucleophilic organic or inorganic base may be used to activate the compound formed in step (d) toward displacement of the alkylating agent's leaving group.
  • CsCO 3 is used.
  • the reaction can be conducted at any temperature which the artisan finds suitable and adaptable to the relative reactivities of the reagents at hand. In one embodiment, the reaction is conducted in a microwave reactor, however, the formulator may vary the time and temperature which is necessary without undue experimentation.
  • the fifth step of the process of the present invention relates to removal of the Z 2 protecting group.
  • This step produces compounds wherein R 3 is hydrogen.
  • Compounds wherein R 3 is hydrogen are both KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors, well as intermediates for analogs wherein R 3 comprises a moiety defined herein above.
  • the conditions under which the R 3 group is introduced is dependent upon the structure of the moiety being introduced and the reactivity of the reagent which introduces said moiety.
  • step (e)(ii) is followed by step (f)(ii): f)(ii) reacting said inhibitor formed in step (e)(ii) having the formula:
  • Kv 1.5 potassium channel inhibitor having the formula:
  • the present invention provides enantiomerically pure R and S enantiomers of the compounds provided herein.
  • Methods of resolving enantiomers are known in the art.
  • a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method can be used to resolve the enantiomers.
  • compound 7 was resolved into (S)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide and (R)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide.
  • Compounds of the present invention are effective as KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors. Accordingly, compounds of the present invention can be used to prevent or treat conditions that can be affected by inhibition of KvI.5 potassium channel.
  • Compounds of the present invention can be used to treat or prevent cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and flutter.
  • compounds of the present invention are capable of inhibiting KvI.5 potassium channels while having little or no inhibitory effect on other ion channels in heart, including for example, ion channels in the ventricles. Accordingly, in particularly preferred embodiments, compounds of the present invention will prevent or treat cardiac arrhythmia while avoiding some of the common complications typically associated with inhibition of ion channels in the heart, including, for example, a prolongation of the QT interval and an increased propensity for life threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Compounds of the present invention can be used to treat or prevent atrial arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, as well as conditions associated with atrial arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure.
  • Compounds of the present invention can be used to produce long-term, as well as short term maintenance periods free of arrhythmia in patients with persistent or chronic atrial arrhythmias.
  • Compounds of the present invention can also be used to prophylacticly treat post surgical atrial arrhthmias.
  • Methods of the present invention thus include methods of inhibiting KvI.5 potassium channel; methods of inhibiting KvI.5 potassium channels while having little or no inhibitory effect on other ion channels in heart, including for example, ion channels in the ventricles; methods of treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and flutter; methods for treating or preventing conditions associated with atrial arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure; methods for producing long-term, as well as short term maintenance periods free of arrhythmia in patients with persistent or chronic atrial arrhythmias; and methods for prophylacticly treating post surgical atrial arrhthmias.
  • the methods can comprise administering an effective amount of a compound or composition of the present invention to a subject.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the 5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinones according to the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of atrial arrhythmias and related disorders.
  • the present invention further relates to forms of the present compounds, which under normal human or higher mammalian physiological conditions, release the compounds described herein.
  • This aspect includes the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the analogs described herein.
  • the formulator for the purposes of compatibility with delivery mode, excipients, and the like, can select one salt form of the present analogs over another since the compounds themselves are the active species which mitigate the disease processes described herein.
  • the present invention also relates to compositions or formulations which comprise the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors according to the present invention.
  • the compositions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones and salts thereof according to the present invention which are effective for providing atrial- selective antiarrhythmia; and one or more excipients.
  • excipients are used primarily to serve in delivering a safe, stable, and functional pharmaceutical, serving not only as part of the overall vehicle for delivery but also as a means for achieving effective absorption by the recipient of the active ingredient.
  • An excipient may fill a role as simple and direct as being an inert filler, or an excipient as used herein may be part of a pH stabilizing system or coating to insure delivery of the ingredients safely to the stomach.
  • the formulator can also take advantage of the fact the compounds of the present invention have improved cellular potency, pharmacokinetic properties, as well as improved oral bioavailability.
  • compositions that include at least one compound described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceutical procedures, such as, for example, those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th edition, ed. Alfonoso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA (1985), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a substance that is acceptable for use in pharmaceutical applications from a toxicological perspective and does not adversely interact with the active ingredient.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation and are biologically acceptable. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
  • Compounds of the present teachings can be administered orally or parenterally, neat or in combination with conventional pharmaceutical carriers.
  • Applicable solid carriers can include one or more substances which can also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aids, binders or tablet-disintegrating agents, or encapsulating materials.
  • the compounds can be formulated in conventional manner, for example, in a manner similar to that used for known antiarrhythmic agents.
  • Oral formulations containing a compound disclosed herein can comprise any conventionally used oral form, including tablets, capsules, buccal forms, troches, lozenges and oral liquids, suspensions or solutions.
  • the carrier in powders, can be a finely divided solid, which is an admixture with a finely divided compound.
  • a compound disclosed herein in tablets, can be mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
  • the powders and tablets can contain up to 99 % of the compound.
  • Capsules can contain mixtures of one or more compound(s) disclosed herein with inert filler(s) and/or diluent(s) such as pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g., corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses (e.g., crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses), flours, gelatins, gums, and the like.
  • inert filler(s) and/or diluent(s) such as pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g., corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses (e.g., crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses), flours, gelatins, gums, and the like.
  • Useful tablet formulations can be made by conventional compression, wet granulation or dry granulation methods and utilize pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, binding agents, lubricants, disintegrants, surface modifying agents (including surfactants), suspending or stabilizing agents, including, but not limited to, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, polyvinylpyrrolidine, alginic acid, acacia gum, xanthan gum, sodium citrate, complex silicates, calcium carbonate, glycine, sucrose, sorbitol, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium chloride, low melting waxes, and ion exchange resins.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable diluents including
  • Surface modifying agents include nonionic and anionic surface modifying agents.
  • Representative examples of surface modifying agents include, but are not limited to, poloxamer 188, benzalkonium chloride, calcium stearate, cetostearl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, sorbitan esters, colloidal silicon dioxide, phosphates, sodium dodecylsulfate, magnesium aluminum silicate, and triethanolamine.
  • Oral formulations herein can utilize standard delay or time-release formulations to alter the absorption of the compound(s).
  • the oral formulation can also consist of administering a compound disclosed herein in water or fruit juice, containing appropriate solubilizers or emulsifiers as needed.
  • Liquid carriers can be used in preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, and for inhaled delivery.
  • a compound of the present teachings can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of both, or a pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fats.
  • the liquid carrier can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, colors, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, and osmo-regulators.
  • liquid carriers for oral and parenteral administration include, but are not limited to, water (particularly containing additives as described herein, e.g., cellulose derivatives such as a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g., glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (e.g., fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil).
  • the carrier can be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
  • Sterile liquid carriers are used in sterile liquid form compositions for parenteral administration.
  • the liquid carrier for pressurized compositions can be halogenated hydrocarbon or other pharmaceutically acceptable propellants.
  • Liquid pharmaceutical compositions which are sterile solutions or suspensions, can be utilized by, for example, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions can also be administered intravenously.
  • Compositions for oral administration can be in either liquid or solid form.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form, for example, as tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, or suppositories.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be sub-divided in unit dose(s) containing appropriate quantities of the compound.
  • the unit dosage forms can be packaged compositions, for example, packeted powders, vials, ampoules, prefilled syringes or sachets containing liquids.
  • the unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any such compositions in package form.
  • Such unit dosage form can contain from about 1 mg/kg of compound to about 500 mg/kg of compound, and can be given in a single dose or in two or more doses.
  • Such doses can be administered in any manner useful in directing the compound(s) to the recipient's bloodstream, including orally, via implants, parenterally (including intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections), rectally, vaginally, and transdermally.
  • an effective dosage can vary depending upon the particular compound utilized, the mode of administration, and severity of the condition being treated, as well as the various physical factors related to the individual being treated.
  • a compound of the present teachings can be provided to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially ameliorate the symptoms of the disease and its complications.
  • the dosage to be used in the treatment of a specific individual typically must be subjectively determined by the attending physician.
  • the variables involved include the specific condition and its state as well as the size, age and response pattern of the patient.
  • a compound directly to the airways of the patient, using devices such as, but not limited to, metered dose inhalers, breath-operated inhalers, multidose dry-powder inhalers, pumps, squeeze-actuated nebulized spray dispensers, aerosol dispensers, and aerosol nebulizers.
  • devices such as, but not limited to, metered dose inhalers, breath-operated inhalers, multidose dry-powder inhalers, pumps, squeeze-actuated nebulized spray dispensers, aerosol dispensers, and aerosol nebulizers.
  • the compounds of the present teachings can be formulated into a liquid composition, a solid composition, or an aerosol composition.
  • the liquid composition can include, by way of illustration, one or more compounds of the present teachings dissolved, partially dissolved, or suspended in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvents and can be administered by, for example, a pump or a squeeze-actuated nebulized spray dispenser.
  • the solvents can be, for example, isotonic saline or bacteriostatic water.
  • the solid composition can be, by way of illustration, a powder preparation including one or more compounds of the present teachings intermixed with lactose or other inert powders that are acceptable for intrabronchial use, and can be administered by, for example, an aerosol dispenser or a device that breaks or punctures a capsule encasing the solid composition and delivers the solid composition for inhalation.
  • the aerosol composition can include, by way of illustration, one or more compounds of the present teachings, propellants, surfactants, and co-solvents, and can be administered by, for example, a metered device.
  • the propellants can be a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA), or other propellants that are physiologically and environmentally acceptable.
  • compositions described herein can be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally. Solutions or suspensions of these compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or esters thereof can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxyl-propylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations typically contain a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
  • the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injection can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • the form can sterile and its viscosity permits it to flow through a syringe.
  • the form preferably is stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and can be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
  • the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
  • Compounds described herein can be administered transdermally, i.e., administered across the surface of the body and the inner linings of bodily passages including epithelial and mucosal tissues. Such administration can be carried out using the compounds of the present teachings including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or esters thereof, in lotions, creams, foams, patches, suspensions, solutions, and suppositories (rectal and vaginal).
  • Transdermal administration can be accomplished through the use of a transdermal patch containing a compound, such as a compound disclosed herein, and a carrier that can be inert to the compound, can be non-toxic to the skin, and can allow delivery of the compound for systemic absorption into the blood stream via the skin.
  • the carrier can take any number of forms such as creams and ointments, pastes, gels, and occlusive devices.
  • the creams and ointments can be viscous liquid or semisolid emulsions of either the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type. Pastes comprised of absorptive powders dispersed in petroleum or hydrophilic petroleum containing the compound can also be suitable.
  • occlusive devices can be used to release the compound into the blood stream, such as a semi-permeable membrane covering a reservoir containing the compound with or without a carrier, or a matrix containing the compound.
  • Other occlusive devices are known in the literature.
  • Compounds described herein can be administered rectally or vaginally in the form of a conventional suppository.
  • Suppository formulations can be made from traditional materials, including cocoa butter, with or without the addition of waxes to alter the suppository's melting point, and glycerin.
  • Water-soluble suppository bases such as polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights, can also be used.
  • Lipid formulations or nanocapsules can be used to introduce compounds of the present teachings into host cells either in vitro or in vivo. Lipid formulations and nanocapsules can be prepared by methods known in the art. [0313] To increase the effectiveness of compounds of the present teachings, it can be desirable to combine a compound with other agents effective in the treatment of the target disease. For example, other active compounds (i.e., other active ingredients or agents) effective in treating the target disease can be administered with compounds of the present teachings. The other agents can be administered at the same time or at different times than the compounds disclosed herein.
  • Compounds of the present teachings can be useful for the treatment or inhibition of a pathological condition or disorder in a mammal, for example, a human subject.
  • the present teachings accordingly provide methods of treating or inhibiting a pathological condition or disorder by providing to a mammal a compound of the present teachings inclding its pharmaceutically acceptable salt) or a pharmaceutical composition that includes one or more compounds of the present teachings in combination or association with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • Compounds of the present teachings can be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutically effective compounds or therapies for the treatment or inhibition of the pathological condition or disorder.
  • compositions according to the present invention include from about 0.001 mg to about 1000 mg of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinones according to the present invention and one or more excipients; from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones according to the present invention and one or more excipients; and from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones according to the present invention; and one or more excipients.
  • HL-I cells expressing endogenous L-type calcium channels are removed from culture flasks using trypsin, plated on fibronectin/gelatin-coated, clear-bottomed, black- walled 96- well microplates in Claycomb media (JRH Biosciences #51800) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 4 mM L-glutamine, and 10 ⁇ M norepinephrine, and grown to confluency overnight.
  • Claycomb media JRH Biosciences #51800
  • growth medium is aspirated from confluent cell monolayers and replaced with 100 ⁇ L per well Tyrode's solution (in mM: 130 NaCl, 4 KCl, 1.8 CaCl 2 , 1.0 MgCl 2 , 20 HEPES, 10 glucose, pH 7.35) and 50 ⁇ L per well FLIPR Calcium Assay kit, component A (#R-8033, Molecular Devices Corporation) and incubated for 60 min. in a 5% CO 2 37° C incubator. 50 ⁇ L per well test compounds are added to the plates and further incubated for 15 min. in a 5% CO 2 37° C incubator. All final solutions contain the anion exchange inhibitor, probenecid (2.5 mM).
  • the 96- well plates are then placed in the center position of the FLIPR l(Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader, Molecular Devices Corporation).
  • Cell monolayers in each well are simultaneously illuminated at 488 nm with an Argon ion laser, and fluorescence emission is monitored using a 510-570 nm bandpass filter and a cooled CCD camera.
  • 50 ⁇ L per well of 20 mM KCl (final concentration) are dispensed simultaneously to all 96 wells using the FLIPR' s automatic 96-well pipettor. Fluorescence measurements are captured for 5 min. following KCl addition.
  • Calcium influx, expressed as % control, is calculated for each concentration of test compound and concentration-response curves and IC50 values are generated using GraphPad Prism 4.0.
  • KvI .5 currents are recorded by the whole cell mode of patch clamp electrophysiology. 1 KvI.5 is stably over expressed in either HEK or LTK- cells. Microelectrodes are pulled from borosilicate glass (TW150) and heat polished (tip resistance, 1.5 to 3 megaohms). The external solution is standard Tyrodes solution. The internal (microelectrode) solution contained: 110 mM KCl, 5 mM K ⁇ ATP, 5 mM
  • K 4 BAPTA 1 mM MgCl 2 and 10 mM HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH.
  • Command potentials are applied for 1 second to +6OmV from a holding potential of -70 mV using Axon software (pClamp 8.1) and hardware (Axopatch ID, 200B).
  • Compounds are prepared as 10-2OmM DMSO stocks and diluted to appropriate test concentrations. After stable currents are achieved, compounds are perfused onto the cells and the cells are pulsed every 5 seconds until no further changes in current are evident at a given compound concentration. Inhibition was measured at the end of the 1 second pulses and expressed relative to controls.
  • HERG currents are recorded by the whole cell mode of patch clamp electrophysiology as described by Hamill et al. 3 HERG is stably over expressed in HEK cells. Microelectrodes are pulled from borosilicate glass (TW150) and heat polished (tip resistance, 1.5 to 3 megaohms). The external solution is standard Tyrodes solution. The internal (microelectrode) solution contained: 110 mM KCl, 5 mM K ⁇ ATP, 5 mM
  • K 4 BAPTA 1 mM MgCl 2 and 10 mM HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH.
  • Command potentials are applied for 2 seconds to +2OmV from a holding potential of -80 mV using Axon software (pClamp 8.1) and hardware (Axopatch ID, 200B).
  • Tail currents are generated by returning to -4OmV for 2 seconds.
  • Compounds are prepared as 10-2OmM DMSO stocks and diluted to appropriate test concentrations. After stable currents are achieved, compounds are perfused onto the cells and the cells are pulsed every 20 seconds until no further changes in current are evident at a given compound concentration. Inhibition of HERG is measured at the peak of the tail currents and expressed relative to controls.
  • Vehicle Compounds are dissolved to a final concentration of 20-50 mg/ml, first in dimethyl acetamide (DMAC) then adding the balance of propylene glycol 200 (PEG200) for a ratio of DMAC/PEG200 (1:4).
  • DMAC dimethyl acetamide
  • PEG200 propylene glycol 200
  • Guinea Pig (400-600g) The animals are induced and maintained at a surgical plane of anesthesia with isoflurane at 1.5-2%. An incision is made in the neck and the carotid and jugular are isolated. Transducer-tipped catheters are introduced into the aorta and the left ventricle. A line for compound infusion is placed in the jugular. After 30 minutes for stabilization of the preparation the first dose is infused over 15 minutes followed by 10 minutes recovery before the pattern is repeated for the second and third doses. The animal is monitored continuously for heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, left ventricular pressure, the first derivative of LV pressure maximum and minimum, body temperature and exhaled Pco2.
  • Miniswine The animals are induced with an EVI injection of ketamine/xylazine followed briefly by 1-1.5% isoflurane if needed for introduction of a line into the vena cava in the neck. Following intubation, anesthesia is maintained with IV pentobarbital alone with boluses given every 30 minutes during the study. Two electrode-tipped catheters are introduced via the jugular, one into the right atrium and the other into the right ventricle. The carotid artery is isolated and a transducer-tipped catheter introduced into the left ventricle. An incision in the groin is used to access the femoral artery and vein.
  • the artery is cannulated to monitor arterial pressure at the lower aorta and the vein is cannulated with an electrode-tipped catheter advanced into the right atrium.
  • An incision is made above the fourth intercostal space and the ribs separated for access to the heart.
  • the pericardium is opened and the left atrium is loosely clamped to the chest wall.
  • a sensing and two pacing electrodes are placed on the atrium.
  • the arterial pressure, ECG, LV pressure, atrial electrogram, body temperature, and exhaled Pco2 are monitored continuously.
  • baseline effective refractory periods are determined at paced rates of 150, 200, 240, and 300 beats per minute from the right and left atriums, and the right ventricle. Compound is then infused over 15 minutes and the ERP determinations are repeated starting at the 12th minute of the infusion. The animal is allowed to stabilize, then about 15 minutes after the first dose a second dose is given over 15 minutes followed by ERPs. A third dose may be given. After the final dose the ERPs are determined every 15 minutes until the values are back at baseline. Blood samples are collected at baseline, at the end of each dose, and 15 minutes after the final dose.
  • ERPs effective refractory periods

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Abstract

The present invention relates to 4-oxo-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decanes which are useful as Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitors providing atrial-selective antiarrhythmic activity. The present invention further relates to compositions and methods for treating atrial-selective antiarrhythmia.

Description

KvI.5 POTASSIUM CHANNEL INHIBITORS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/815,066 filed June 20, 2006, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates, inter alia, to compounds effective as KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors. The present invention further relates to inter alia, compositions comprising said KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors, and to methods for treating cardiac arrhythmia.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently encountered cardiac arrhythmia in the clinical setting. It affects nearly 3 million people in the United States and its prevalence increases with the aging of the population. AF is most often treated with class UI antiarrhythmic agents, acting at both the atrial and ventricular levels. Commonly used or prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs inhibit various potassium channels, and prolong ventricular repolarization. This prolongation can in turn precipitate the occurrence of life-threatening- ventricular arrhythmias, mainly Torsades de Pointes (TdP).
[0004] Atrial- selective antiarrhythmic agents offer the possibility of increased therapeutic efficacy and safety by minimizing cardiac proarrhythmia inherent in traditional antiarrhythmic therapies.
[0005] There is therefore a long felt need for atrial- selective antiarrhythmic agents which do not affect ventricular rhythm. In addition, there is a long felt need for atrial- selective antiarrhythmic agents which are compatible with other cardiac devices, protocols, therapies, and medications. The present invention addresses this and other needs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The l-iV-amino-2-imidazolidinones of the present invention are a new class of compounds. Compounds of this class have been found to inhibit KvI.5 potassium channels function. The compounds of the present invention have formula I:
(D or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl; R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R23 wherein R23 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3- C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13;
R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 16. wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are each independently:
-[C(R19)2]n- each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1.
[0007] Compounds of the present invention include those in which: R is optionally substituted phenyl; R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R23 wherein R23 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substitued aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10 wherein R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR I3 wherein R13 is hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or phenyl; or c) -NR14R15; R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, phenyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 16. wherein R16 is phenyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is aryl or C1-C5 heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or phenyl;
L, L1, and L2 are each independently: each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
[0008] Compounds of the present invention include those in which: R is optionally substituted phenyl; R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, or C3-C4 cycloalkyl; R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, -CO2R10 wherein R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; v) -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; b) -OR13;
R13 is hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or phenyl; or c) -NR14R15;
R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; vi) -SO2R 1160; wherein R16 is phenyl; or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is C1-C5 heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl;
L, L1, and L2 are each independently: each R . 19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
[0009] The present invention further relates to compositions comprising: an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
[0010] The present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, said method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
[0011] The present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
[0012] The present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure. Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
[0013] The present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with cardiac arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
[0014] The present invention further relates to a process for preparing the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention.
[0015] These and other objects, features, and advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description and the appended claims. All percentages, ratios and proportions herein are by weight, unless otherwise specified. All temperatures are in degrees Celsius (° C) unless otherwise specified. All documents cited are in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The KvI .5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention are capable of treating and preventing arrhythmia in the atrial portion of the human heart or in the heart of certain animals. It has been discovered that functional KvI.5 potassium channels are found in human atrial tissue but not in human ventricular myocytes. Without wishing to be limited by theory, it is believed the inhibition of the Kv 1.5 voltage-gated Shaker- like potassium (K+) ion channel can ameliorate, abate, or otherwise cause to be controlled, atrial fibrillation and flutter without prolonging ventricular repolarization.
[0017] Throughout the description, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
[0018] In the application, where an element or component is said to be included in and/or selected from a list of recited elements or components, it should be understood that the element or component can be any one of the recited elements or components and can be selected from a group consisting of two or more of the recited elements or components.
[0019] The use of the singular herein includes the plural (and vice versa) unless specifically stated otherwise. In addition, where the use of the term "about" is before a quantitative value, the present teachings also include the specific quantitative value itself, unless specifically stated otherwise. [0020] It should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain actions is immaterial so long as the present teachings remain operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions can be conducted simultaneously.
[0021] As used herein, unless otherwise noted, "alkyl" whether used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to straight and branched carbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or any number within this range, for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e.g. C1-6) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger alkyl- containing substituent. Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, and the like. Alkyl groups can be optionally substituted. Non-limiting examples of substituted alkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, and the like. In substituent groups with multiple alkyl groups such as (Ci-όalkyl^amino, the alkyl groups may be the same or different.
[0022] As used herein, the terms "alkenyl" and "alkynyl" groups, whether used alone or as part of a substituent group, refer to straight and branched carbon chains having 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20, wherein an alkenyl chain has at least one double bond in the chain and an alkynyl chain has at least one triple bond in the chain. Alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be optionally substituted. Nonlimiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, 3-propenyl, 1-propenyl (also 2-methylethenyl), isopropenyl (also 2-methylethen-2-yl), buten-4-yl, and the like. Nonlimiting examples of substituted alkenyl groups include 2-chloroethenyl (also 2-chlorovinyl), 4-hydroxybuten- 1-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-4-en-2-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-3,5-dien-2-yl, and the like. Nonlimiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, prop-2-ynyl (also propargyl), propyn-1-yl, and 2-methyl-hex-4-yn-l-yl. Alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be optionally substituted. Nonlimiting examples of substituted alkynyl groups include, 5-hydroxy-5- methylhex-3-ynyl, 6-hydroxy-6-methylhept-3-yn-2-yl, 5-hydroxy-5-ethylhept-3-ynyl, and the like. [0023] As used herein, "cycloalkyl," whether used alone or as part of another group, refers to a non-aromatic carbon-containing ring including cyclized alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, e.g., having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 7 or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, and optionally containing one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) double or triple bond. Cycloalkyl groups can be monocyclic (e.g., cyclohexyl) or polycyclic (e.g., containing fused, bridged, and/or spiro ring systems), wherein the carbon atoms are located inside or outside of the ring system. Any suitable ring position of the cycloalkyl group can be covalently linked to the defined chemical structure. Cycloalkyl rings can be optionally substituted. Nonlimiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include: cyclopropyl, 2-methyl-cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, 2,3-dihydroxycyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctanyl, decalinyl, 2,5-dimethylcyclopentyl, 3,5-dichlorocyclohexyl, A- hydroxycyclohexyl, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-l-yl, octahydropentalenyl, octahydro-lH- indenyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-inden-4-yl, decahydroazulenyl; bicyclo[6.2.0]decanyl, decahydronaphthalenyl, and dodecahydro-lH-fluorenyl. The term "cycloalkyl" also includes carbocyclic rings which are bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, non- limiting examples of which include, bicyclo-[2.1.1]hexanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, l,3-dimethyl[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, and bicyclo[3.3.3]undecanyl.
[0024] "Ηaloalkyl" is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with 1 or more halogen. Ηaloalkyl groups include perhaloalkyl groups, wherein all hydrogens of an alkyl group have been replaced with halogens (e.g., -CF3, -CF2CF3). Ηaloalkyl groups can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents in addition to halogen. Examples of haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, dichloroethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and pentachloroethyl groups.
[0025] The term "aryl," wherein used alone or as part of another group, is defined herein as an unsaturated, aromatic monocyclic ring of 6 carbon members or to an unsaturated, aromatic polycyclic ring of from 10 to 14 carbon members. Aryl rings can be, for example, phenyl or naphthyl ring each optionally substituted with one or more moieties capable of replacing one or more hydrogen atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include: phenyl, naphthylen-1-yl, naphthylen-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2- hydroxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-amino-4-fluorophenyl, 2-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl, 2- cyanophenyl, 2,6-di-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 8-hydroxynaphthylen-2-yl 4,5- dimethoxynaphthylen-1-yl, and 6-cyano-naphthylen-l-yl. Aryl groups also include, for example, phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-l,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
[0026] The terms "heterocyclic" and/or "heterocycle," whether used alone or as part of another group, are defined herein as one or more rings (e.g., 2 or 3 rings) having from 3 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S) and wherein further the ring that includes the heteroatom is non-aromatic. In heterocycle groups that include 2 or more fused rings, the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be aryl (e.g., indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl). Exemplary heterocycle groups have from 3 to 14 ring atoms of which from 1 to 5 are heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S). One or more N or S atoms in a heterocycle group can be oxidized. Heterocycle groups can be optionally substituted.
[0027] Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having a single ring include: diazirinyl, aziridinyl, urazolyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolinyl oxathiazolidinonyl, oxazolidinonyl, hydantoinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidin-2- onyl (valerolactam), 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-azepinyl, 2,3-dihydro- IH- indole, and 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-quinoline. Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having 2 or more rings include: hexahydro-lH-pyrrolizinyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-lH-benzo[d]imidazolyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro- lH-indolyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, and decahydro-lH-cycloocta[b]pyrrolyl. [0028] The term "heteroaryl," whether used alone or as part of another group, is defined herein as one or more rings having from 5 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S), and wherein further at least one of the rings that includes a heteroatom is aromatic. In heteroaryl groups that include 2 or more fused rings, the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be a carbocycle (e.g., 6,7-Dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidine) or aryl (e.g., benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl). Exemplary heteroaryl groups have from 5 to 14 ring atoms and contain from 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S). One or more N or S atoms in a heteroaryl group can be oxidized. Heteroaryl groups can be substituted. Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl rings containing a single ring include: 1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl, [l,2,3]triazolyl, [l,2,4]triazolyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, lH-imidazolyl, oxazolyl, furanyl, thiopheneyl, pyrimidinyl, 2- phenylpyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, 3-methylpyridinyl, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinyl. Non- limiting examples of heteroaryl rings containing 2 or more fused rings include: benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, cinnolinyl, naphthyridinyl, phenanthridinyl, 7H-purinyl, 9H-purinyl, 6-amino-9H-purinyl, 5H- pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-<i]pyrimidinyl, pyrido[2,3-<i]pyrimidinyl, 2- phenylbenzo[d] thiazolyl, lH-indolyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-l-H-indolyl, quinoxalinyl, 5- methylquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 8-hydroxy-quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl.
[0029] One non-limiting example of a heteroaryl group as described above is C1- C5 heteroaryl, which has 1 to 5 carbon ring atoms and at least one additional ring atom that is a heteroatom (preferably 1 to 4 additional ring atoms that are heteroatoms) independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S). Examples of C1-C5 heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, triazinyl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, imidazol-1- yl, lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-imidazol-4-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thiophen- 2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin- 3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl.
[0030] Unless otherwise noted, when two substituents are taken together to form a ring having a specified number of ring atoms (e.g., R8 and R9 taken together with the N to which they are attached to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring members), the ring can have carbon atoms and optionally one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S). The ring can be saturated or partially saturated and can be optionally substituted.
[0031] The terms "treat" and "treating," as used herein, refer to partially or completely alleviating, inhibiting, ameliorating and/or relieving a condition from which a patient is suspected to suffer.
[0032] As used herein, "therapeutically effective" refers to a substance or an amount that elicits a desirable biological activity or effect.
[0033] Except when noted, the terms "subject" or "patient" are used interchangeably and refer to mammals such as human patients and non-human primates, as well as experimental animals such as rabbits, rats, and mice, and other animals. Accordingly, the term "subject" or "patient" as used herein means any mammalian patient or subject to which the compounds of the invention can be administered. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to identify subject patients for treatment according to the methods of the invention, accepted screening methods are employed to determine risk factors associated with a targeted or suspected disease or condition or to determine the status of an existing disease or condition in a subject. These screening methods include, for example, conventional work-ups to determine risk factors that may be associated with the targeted or suspected disease or condition. These and other routine methods allow the clinician to select patients in need of therapy using the methods and compounds of the present invention.
[0034] For the purposes of the present invention fused ring units, as well as spirocyclic rings, bicyclic rings and the like, which comprise a single heteroatom will be considered to belong to the cyclic family corresponding to the heteroatom containing ring. For example, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline having the formula:
is, for the purposes of the present invention, considered a heterocyclic unit. 6,7-Dihydro- 5H-cyclopentapyrimidine having the formula: is, for the purposes of the present invention, considered a heteroaryl unit. When a fused ring unit contains heteroatoms in both a saturated and an aryl ring, the aryl ring will predominate and determine the type of category to which the ring is assigned. For example, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[l,8]naphthyridine having the formula:
is, for the purposes of the present invention, considered a heteroaryl unit.
[0035] The term "substituted" is used throughout the specification. The term "substituted" is defined herein as a moiety, whether acyclic or cyclic, which has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent or several (e.g., 1 to 10) substituents as defined herein below. The substituents are capable of replacing one or two hydrogen atoms of a single moiety at a time. In addition, these substituents can replace two hydrogen atoms on two adjacent carbons to form said substituent, new moiety or unit. For example, a substituted unit that requires a single hydrogen atom replacement includes halogen, hydroxyl, and the like. A two hydrogen atom replacement includes carbonyl, oximino, and the like. A two hydrogen atom replacement from adjacent carbon atoms includes epoxy, and the like. The term "substituted" is used throughout the present specification to indicate that a moiety can have one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent. When a moiety is described as "substituted" any number of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced. For example, difluoromethyl is a substituted C1 alkyl; trifluoromethyl is a substituted C1 alkyl; 4-hydroxyphenyl is a substituted aromatic ring; (N,N-dimethyl-5-amino)octanyl is a substituted Cs alkyl; 3-guanidinopropyl is a substituted C3 alkyl; and 2-carboxypyridinyl is a substituted heteroaryl.
[0036] The variable groups defined herein, e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, and heteroaryl groups defined herein, whether used alone or as part of another group, can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents. Optionally substituted groups will be so indicated. [0037] The following are non-limiting examples of substituents which can substitute for hydrogen atoms on a moiety: halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), -CN, -NO2, oxo (=0), -OR25, -SR25, -N(R25)2, -NR25C(O)R25, -SO2R25, -SO2OR25, -SO2N(R25)2, -C(O)R25, -C(O)OR25, -C(O)N(R25)2, Ci_6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C2_8 alkenyl, C2_8 alkynyl, C3-H cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, and heteroaryl groups is optionally substituted with 1-10 (e.g., 1-6 or 1-4) groups selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, oxo, and R25; wherein R25, at each occurrence, independently is hydrogen, -OR26, -SR26, -C(O)R26, -C(O)OR26, -C(O)N(R26)2, -SO2R26, -S(O)2OR26, -N(R26)2, - NR26C(O)R26, Ci-6 alkyl, Q-6 haloalkyl, C2.8 alkenyl, C2.8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-6 cycloalkyl), aryl, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, or two R25 units taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form an optionally substituted carbocycle or heterocycle wherein said carbocycle or heterocycle has 3 to 7 ring atoms; wherein R26, at each occurrence, independently is hydrogen, Ci_6 alkyl, Ci_6 haloalkyl, C2_8 alkenyl group, C2_8 alkynyl group, cycloalkyl (e.g., C3_6 cycloalkyl), aryl, , heterocycle, or heteroaryl, or two R26 units taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form an optionally substituted carbocycle or heterocycle wherein said carbocycle or heterocycle preferably have 3 to 7 ring atoms.
[0038] In some embodiments, the substituents are selected from i) -OR25; for example, -OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2CH3; ii) -C(O)R25; for example, -COCH3, -COCH2CH3, -COCH2CH2CH3; iii) -C(O)OR25 ; for example, -CO2CH3, -CO2CH2CH3, -CO2CH2CH2CH3; iv) -C(O)N(R25)2; for example, -CONH2, -CONHCH3, -CON(CH3)2; v) -N(R25)2; for example, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, -NH(CH2CH3); vi) -NR25COR25; for example, -NHCOCH3, -NHCOCH2CH3, -NHCOC6H5; vii) halogen; -F, -Cl, -Br, and -I; viii) C1-C4 linear or branched haloalkyl; for example, -CH2F, -CF3, -CCl3; ix) -SO2R25; for example, -SO2CH3, -SO2CH2CH3, -SO2C6H5; x) -SO2N(R25)2; for example, -SO2NH2; -SO2NHCH3; -SO2NHC6H5; xi) Ci-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; xii) cyano; and xiii) nitro wherein each R25 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g., optionally substituted C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl) or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl (e.g., optionally substituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl); or two R25 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 3 to 7 ring atoms. In certain aspects, each R25 is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl
[0039] At various places in the present specification, substituents of compounds are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the description include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges. For example, the term "C1-6 alkyl" is specifically intended to individually disclose C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-C6, C1-C5, C1-C4, C1-C3, C1-C2, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C6, C4-C5, and C5-C6, alkyl.
[0040] For the purposes of the present invention the terms "compound," "analog," and "composition of matter" stand equally well for the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors described herein, including all enantiomeric forms, diastereomeric forms, salts, and the like, and the terms "compound," "analog," and "composition of matter" are used interchangeably throughout the present specification.
[0041] Compounds described herein can contain an asymmetric atom (also referred as a chiral center), and some of the compounds can contain one or more asymmetric atoms or centers, which can thus give rise to optical isomers (enantiomers) and diastereomers. The present teachings and compounds disclosed herein include such enantiomers and diastereomers, as well as the racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure R and S stereoisomers, as well as other mixtures of the R and S stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Optical isomers can be obtained in pure form by standard procedures known to those skilled in the art, which include, but are not limited to, diastereomeric salt formation, kinetic resolution, and asymmetric synthesis. The present teachings also encompass cis and trans isomers of compounds containing alkenyl moieties (e.g., alkenes and imines). It is also understood that the present teachings encompass all possible regioisomers, and mixtures thereof, which can be obtained in pure form by standard separation procedures known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
[0042] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of the present teachings, which can have an acidic moiety, can be formed using organic and inorganic bases. Both mono and polyanionic salts are contemplated, depending on the number of acidic hydrogens available for deprotonation. Suitable salts formed with bases include metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, or magnesium salts; ammonia salts and organic amine salts, such as those formed with morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower alkylamine (e.g., ethyl-tert-butyl-, diethyl-, diisopropyl-, triethyl-, tributyl- or dimethylpropylamine), or a mono-, di-, or trihydroxy lower alkylamine (e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine). Specific non-limiting examples of inorganic bases include NaHCO3, Na2CO3, KHCO3, K2CO3, Cs2CO3, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and Na3PO4. Internal salts also can be formed. Similarly, when a compound disclosed herein contains a basic moiety, salts can be formed using organic and inorganic acids. For example, salts can be formed from the following acids: acetic, propionic, lactic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, tartaric, succinic, dichloroacetic, ethenesulfonic, formic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hippuric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, napthalenesulfonic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, phthalic, propionic, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and camphorsulfonic as well as other known pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
[0043] When any variable occurs more than one time in any constituent or in any formula, its definition in each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence (e.g., in N(R20)2, each R20 may be the same or different than the other). Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds. Kv 1.5 Potassium Channel Inhibitors
[0044] The KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention are 5- spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones, and include all enantiomeric and diasteriomeric forms and salts of compounds which are members of the genus named and referred to herein as l-(R2-substituted)-2,3,8-(substituted)-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (I):
(I) wherein the core scaffold is numbered in the following manner;
[0045] For the purposes of demonstrating the manner in which the compounds of the present invention are named and referred to herein, the compound having the formula:
has the chemical name l-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester.
[0046] For the purposes of the present invention, a compound depicted by the racemic formula, for example: will stand equally well for either of the two enantiomers having the formula:
or the formula:
or mixtures thereof, or in the case where a second chiral center is present, all diastereomers. However, the term 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones is used in general to refer to the genus, which encompasses the compounds of the present invention, throughout the specification.
[0047] The particular embodiments and illustrations herein relating to particular aspects of the present invention may be combined in the compounds of the present invention.
[0048] In the present invention, R is optionally substituted phenyl. The phenyl group can be substituted with any of the substituents provided herein. Examples of suitable substituents include, but are not limited to halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, -OR20, -CN, -N(R20)2, -CO2R20, -C(O)N(R20)2, -NR20C(O)R20, -NO2, and -SO2R20; each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 (e.g., C1-C4) linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C4 cycloalkyl), optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycle, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or two R20 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3 to 7 ring atoms. When two R20 units are taken together to form a ring, the ring may comprise additional heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur; and the ring optionally may be substituted. Non-limiting examples of rings formed when two R20 units are taken together include: piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and pyrrolidinyl. In certain aspects, the substituents on the optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group is a C3-C6 cycloalkyl. The phenyl group can be substituted at any position on the ring, e.g., meta, para, and/or ortho positions.
[0049] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is phenyl, 2- fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5- difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4- trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,6-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,6- trifluorophenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3,4- dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,6- trichlorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, or 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl.
[0050] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3,4- trimethylphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 2,3-diethylphenyl, 2,4-diethylphenyl, 2,5-diethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 3,4- diethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 2,3,4-triethylphenyl, 2,3,5-triethylphenyl, 2,3,6- triethylphenyl, 2,4,5-triethylphenyl, 2,4,6-triethylphenyl, or 3,4,5-triethylphenyl.
[0051] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- cyclopropylphenyl, 3-cyclopropylphenyl, 4-cyclopropyl-phenyl, 2- (cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 4-(cyclopropyl-methyl)phenyl, 2-z.rø-butylphenyl, 3-z,SO-butylphenyl, 4-z.rø-butylphenyl, 2-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-tert- butylphenyl, 4-te/t-butylphenyl, 2-cyclobutylphenyl, 3-cyclobutyl-phenyl, A- cyclobutylphenyl, 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, or A- (cyclobutyl-methyl)phenyl .
[0052] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethoxy- phenyl, 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxy- phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,3-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,5- dihydroxyphenyl, 2,6-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,3,4- trihydroxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trihydroxy-phenyl, 2,3,6-trihydroxyphenyl, 2,4,5- trihydroxyphenyl, or 2,4,6-trihydroxy-phenyl.
[0053] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, A- fluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-difluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2,4- bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4-bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4- bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5-bis(fluoromethoxy)-phenyl, 3,5- bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl.
[0054] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2,3-dicyano-phenyl, 2,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,5- dicyanophenyl, 2,6-dicyanophenyl, 3,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,3,4-tricyanophenyl, 2,3,5- tricyanophenyl, 2,3,6-tricyanophenyl, 2,4,5-tricyanophenyl, 3,4,5-tricyanophenyl, or 2,4,6- tricyanophenyl. [0055] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2-nitrophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2,3-dinitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, 2,5-dinitrophenyl, 2,6- dinitrophenyl, 3,4-dinitrophenyl, 3,5-dinitrophenyl, 2,3,4-trinitrophenyl, 2,3,5- trinitrophenyl, 2,3,6-trinitrophenyl, 2,4,5-trinitrophenyl, 3,4,5-trinitrophenyl, or 2,4,6- trinitropheny.
[0056] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2,6-dimethyl- 4-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-3-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-difluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 2- hydroxy-4-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-te/t-butylphenyl, or 2,6-difluoro-4-cyanophenyl.
[0057] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 3- dimethylaminophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 3-diethylaminophenyl, A- diethylaminophenyl, 3-methylsulfanylphenyl, 4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl, 3- ethylsulfanylphenyl, 4-ethylsulfanylphenyl, 3-propylsulfanylphenyl, or A- propylsulfanylphenyl.
[0058] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R is 2- aminophenyl, 2-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 2-(N- ethylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-(N- methylamino)phenyl, 3-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, 3-(NJV- diethylamino)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, A-(N,N- dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, or 4-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl.
[0059] R1 is optionally substituted phenyl. The phenyl group can be substituted with any of the substituents provided herein. Examples of suitable substituents include, but are not limited to: halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 (e.g., C1-C4) linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl optionally substituted C3-C6 (e.g., C3-C4) cycloalkyl, -OR21, -CN, -N(R21)2, -CO2R21, -C(O)N(R21)2, -NR21C(O)R21, -SO2R21, and -NO2; each R21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g., C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl), optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-C4 cycloalkyl), optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocycle; or two R21 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms. When two R21 units are taken together to form a ring, the ring may comprise additional heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and the ring optionally may be substituted. Non-limiting examples of rings formed when two R21 units are taken together include: piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and pyrrolidinyl. In certain aspects, the substituent on the optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group is a C3-C6 cycloalkyl. The phenyl group can be substituted at any position on the ring, e.g., meta, para, and/or ortho positions.
[0060] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R1 is phenyl, 2- fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5- difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4- trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,6-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,6- trifluorophenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3,4- dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,6- trichlorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, or 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl.
[0061] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R1 is 2- methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3,4- trimethylphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 2,3-diethylphenyl, 2,4-diethylphenyl, 2,5-diethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 3,4- diethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 2,3,4-triethylphenyl, 2,3,5-triethylphenyl, 2,3,6- triethylphenyl, 2,4,5-triethylphenyl, 2,4,6-triethylphenyl, 3,4,5-triethylphenyl 2- isopropylphenyl, 3-isopropylphenyl, or 4-isopropylphenyl.
[0062] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R1 is 2- cyclopropylphenyl, 3-cyclopropylphenyl, 4-cyclopropyl-phenyl, 2- (cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 4-(cyclopropyl-methyl)phenyl, 2-z.rø-butylphenyl, 3-z,SO-butylphenyl, 4-z.rø-butylphenyl, 2-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-tert- butylphenyl, 4-te/t-butylphenyl, 2-cyclobutylphenyl, 3-cyclobutyl-phenyl, A- cyclobutylphenyl, 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, or A- (cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl .
[0063] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R1 is 2- methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 3-tri- fluoromethylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-fluoromethoxyphenyl, A- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2,4-bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4- bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5-bis(fluoromethoxy)- phenyl, 3,5-bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) wherein R1 is 2-aminophenyl, 2-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, 2-(N,N-diethylamino)phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-(N- methylamino)phenyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(N-ethylamino)phenyl, 3-(N,N- diethylamino)phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-(N-methylamino)phenyl, A-(N,N- dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(N-ethylamino)phenyl, or 4-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl. [0064] In the present invention, R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R23 wherein R23 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3- C6 cycloalkyl.
[0065] Compounds of the present invention include those wherein R is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl, or -C(O)R23 wherein R23 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
[0066] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R2 is optionally substituted C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C4 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23 wherein R23 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
[0067] Compounds of the present invention include those wherein R is not hydrogen.
[0068] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R2 is C3-C4 cycloalkyl or C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl. [0069] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R2 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, or cyclopropylmethyl .
[0070] Compounds of the present invention include those wherein R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3- C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; v) -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR 13
R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15;
R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 16. wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl.
[0071] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, -CO2R10 wherein R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or R8 and R9 can be taken together to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; v) -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; b) -OR13;
R13 is hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or phenyl; or c) -NR14R15;
R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; vi) -SO2R16; wherein R16 is phenyl; or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is C1-C5 heteroaryl; viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl;
[0072] In some embodiments, R3 is hydrogen.
[0073] In other embodiments, R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl. Examples of R3 include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl , cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3- methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, and cyclohexyl.
[0074] In some embodiments, R3 is -C(O)R4, wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocycle. Nonlimiting examples of R4 include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zso-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-buty\, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, n- pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl,l,l-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3- dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, or cyclohexyl. Non-limiting examples of R3 include -C(O)CH3, -C(O)cyclopropyl, and -C(O)CH2cyclopropyl.
[0075] In other embodiments, R3 is-C(O)NR5R6, wherein each R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S.
[0076] In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, R3 is C(O)NR5R6 wherein each R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR7;
R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9;
R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together to from a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms.
[0077] Exemplary compounds of the invention include those wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalklyl. Nonlimiting examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. Nonlimiting examples of R3 include -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)NHCH2CH3, -C(O)N(CH2CH3)2, -C(O)N(CH3)2, and -C(O)NH[CH(CH3)2].
[0078] In some embodiments, R3 is-C(O)NR5R6 and R5 is -OR7 or -NR8R9; thereby forming R3 units having the formula -C(O)NR6OR7 or -C(O)NR6NR8R9, wherein, in exemplary embodiments, R6 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl; R7 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso- propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl; R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, zsø-propoxy, n-butoxy , sec-butoxy, zsø-butoxy, or tert- butoxy; or R is -CO2R , R is hydrogen and R is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, non-limiting examples of which include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso- propyl, n-butyl , sec-butyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl. Nonlimiting examples of R3 are -C(O)NHOH, -C(O)NHOCH3, -C(O)NHNH2, -C(O)NHOCH2CH3, -C(O)NCH3OCH3, -C(O)NHNHC(O)OCH3, or -C(O)NHNHC(O)OC(CH3)3
[0079] In some embodiments, R3 is -C(O)NR5R6 and R5 and R6 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms. Nonlimiting examples of rings formed from R5 and R6 include aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, morpholinyl, and piperidin-1-yl.
[0080] In some embodiments, R3 is -C(NR1 X)R12 wherein R11 is hydrogen; optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; hydroxyl (-OH); or cyano (-CN); and R12 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; -OR13, wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or -NR14R15, wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl. Nonlimiting examples of R3 include -C(NCN)NH2, -C(NCN)NHCH3, and -C(NCN)NHC6H5.
[0081] Non-limiting examples of the alkyl groups of R11, R12, and R13, include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, and tert- butyl. Non-limiting examples of R14 and R15 groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl.
[0082] In some embodiments, R3 is -SO2R16 wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl (e.g., optionally substituted phenyl), optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl. Non-limiting examples of R16 groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl. Nonlimiting examples of R3 include -SO2CH3, -SO2C6Hs, -SO2CH2CH3, and -SO2CH(CH3)2. [0083] In some embodiments, R3 is -C(O)R17 wherein R17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. Non-limiting examples include imidazol-1-yl, lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-imidazol-4-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3- yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2- yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl, triazinyl, thiazol-2-yl , and thiazol-4-yl.
[0084] In some embodiments, R3 is -C(O)OR18 wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl. Non-limiting examples of R18 groups include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zso-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl. Nonlimiting examples of R3 include -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)OCH2CH3, -C(O)OCH(CH3)2, and - C(O)OC(CH3)3.
[0085] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R3 is hydrogen, -C(O)R4; -C(O)NR5R6, -C(O)NR5OR7; -C(O)NR5NR8R9, -C(NR1 X)R12, -SO2R16, -C(O)OR18, or -C(O)R17; R4 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; R5 is hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -CH(CH3)2; R6 is hydrogen, -CH3, or -CH2CH3; or R5 and R6 are taken together to form aziridin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 4-(methyl)piperazin-l-yl, morpholin-4-yl; R7 is hydrogen, -CH3, o T-CH2CH3; R8 is hydrogen; R9 is hydrogen,-C(O)OCH3, or -C(O)OC(CH3)3; R11 is OH, or -CN; R12 -NH2, -CH3, or -NR14R15; R14 is hydrogen, CH3, or phenyl; R15 is hydrogen, CH3, or phenyl; R16 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, or -C6H5; R18 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -C6H5, or -C(CH3)3; and R17 is imidazolin-1-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl.
[0086] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein R3 is hydrogen, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NH[CH(CH3)2], -C(O)NHCH2CH3, -C(O)N(CH2CH3), -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)OCH2CH3, -C(O)OCH(CH3)2, -C(O)OC(CHs)3, -C(O)NHOH, -C(O)NHOCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)OCH3, -C(O)NHNH2 -C(O)NHOCH2CH3, -C(O)NCH3OCH3, -C(O)NHNHC(O)OCH3,-C(O)NHNHC(O)OC(CH3)3, -C(NCN)NH2, -C(NCN)NHCH3, -C(NCN)NHC6H5, -C(O)aziridin-l-yl, -C(O)azetidin-l-yl, -C(O)pyrrolidin-l-yl, -C(O)piperidin-l-yl, -C(O)piperazin-l-yl, -C(O)morpholin-4-yl, -C(O)imidazolin-l-yl, -C(O)isoxazolin-5-yl, -SO2CH3, -SO2CH2CH3, -SO2CH(CH3)2, or SO2C6H5.
[0087] In all of the embodiments provided herein, examples of suitable optional substituents are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. The compounds of the invention may contain any of the substituents, or combinations of substituents, provided herein.
[0088] L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently having the formula:
-[C(R19)2]n- each R19 unit present in a linking unit is independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1. When x is equal to 0, linking group L is absent, and when x is equal to 1, linking group L is present. Likewise, when y is equal to 0, linking group L1 is absent, and when y is equal to 1, linking group L1 is present. In addition, when z is equal to 0, linking group L2 is absent, and when z is equal to 1, linking group L2 is present.
[0089] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein x is 1 and L is -CH2CH2- (ethylene). Compounds according to these embodiments have the formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(H) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, L1, L2, y, and z are the same as defined herein.
[0090] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein x is 1 and L is -CH2- (methylene). Compounds according to these embodiments have the formula (HI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(HI) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, L1, L2, y, and z are the same as defined herein.
[0091] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein y is 0 and the compounds have the formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(IV) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, L, L2, x, and z are the same as defined herein.
[0092] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein y is 1 and L1 is -CH2- (methylene). Compounds according to these embodiments have the formula (V) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(V) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, L, L2, x, and z are the same as defined herein.
[0093] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein z is 0 and the compounds have the formula (VI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(VI) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, L, L1, x, and y are the same as defined herein
[0094] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof wherein z is 1 and L is -CH2- (methylene). Compounds according the these embodiments have the formula (Vπ) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(VII)
[0095] As it relates to the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention the linking units L, L1, and L2 may be present or absent in any combination. For example, in some compounds according to the invention, x is 1, y is 0 and z is 0; in other embodiments, x is 1, y is 0 and z is 1; in still other embodiments, x is 1, y is 1 and z is O.
[0096] The skilled practitioner will understand that combinations of the embodiments provided herein are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
[0097] Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (VIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(vπi)
[0098] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (IX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(IX) wherein non-limiting examples of R and R1 are defined herein below in Table I.
TABLE I
[0099] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (X) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1, and R4 are defined herein below in Table II.
TABLE π
[0100] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XI) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1, R5, and R6 are defined herein below in Table in.
TABLE HI
[0101] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formulas (XII) or (XIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XII) (Xπi) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1, R5, R7, R8 and R9 are defined herein below in Tables IV and V.
TABLE IV
TABLE V
[0102] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XIV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XIV) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1, R11, and R12 are defined herein below in Table VI.
TABLE VI
[0103] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XV) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1, and R16 are defined herein below in Table VII.
TABLE Vn
[0104] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XVI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XVI) wherein nonlimiting examples of R, R1, and R18 are defined herein below in Table VIII. TABLE Vπi
[0105] Compounds of the present invention include compounds having the formula (XVII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(xvπ) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1, and R17 are defined herein below in Table IX.
TABLE IX
[0106] Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (XVIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(xvπi) wherein nonlimiting examples of R, R1 and R3 are defined herein below in Table X.
TABLE X
[0107] Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]-decanes having the formula (XIX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof: (XIX) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1 and R3 are defined herein below in Table XL
TABLE XI
[0108] Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]-decanes having the formula (XX) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XX) wherein non-limiting examples of R, R1 and R3 are defined herein below in Table XII.
TABLE XE
[0109] Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (XXI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XXI) wherein R3 is -C(O)R4 and R4 is a substituted C1-C6 linear or branched, or C3-C6 substituted cycloalkyl. [0110] Compounds of the present invention include 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decanes having the formula (XXI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
(XXD) wherein R, R1, R11, and R12 are as defined herein.
[0111] The Examples provided below provide representative methods for preparing exemplary compounds of the present invention. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
[0112] Example 1 provides methods for preparing representative compounds of formula (IX). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
[0113] Compound 1: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one
[0114] Preparation of fcrr-butyl-4-[(4-methoxyphenethyl)carbamoyl]-4-{ [(9H- fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}piperidine-l-carboxylate: To a solution of l-iV-Boc-4-iV- Fmoc-amino-4-carboxypiperidine (4.66 g, 10 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) is added benzotriazole-2-yl-(oxy-tris-pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) (5.2 g, 10 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes, 4-methoxyphenethyl amine (1.51 g, 10 mmol) is added, and the solution is stirred for a further 5 minutes. Diisopropyl amine (6 drops) is added, and the solution is stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc (250 mL) and is washed with aqueous KHSO4 (10%). The phases are separated, and the aqueous phase is extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase is washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo, and the resulting residue is purified over silica to provide 4.93 g (80% yield) of the desired product.
[0115] Preparation of fcrr-butyl-4-[(4-methoxyphenethyl)carbamoyl]-4- aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate: To a solution of the tert-buty\-4-[(4- methoxyphenethyl)carbamoyl] -4- { [(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl jpiperidine- 1 - carboxylate, 1, (4.93 g, 8.0 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) is added piperidine (2 mL). The solution is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, and the precipitate which forms is filtered off and washed with MeOH. The filtrate is allowed to stand until a precipitate has re-formed. This procedure of collecting the precipitate is repeated until no more precipitate forms from the filtrate. The solvent is removed in vacuo to afford 3.2 g of the desired product as a viscous crude yellow oil which is used without further purification.
[0116] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4- oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-buty\ ester: To the solution of te/t-butyl 4- [(4-methoxyphenethyl)carbamoyl]-4-aminopiperidine-l -carboxylate (900 mg, 2.38 mmol in 4 mL of methanol) and K2CO3 (276 mg, 2.0 mmol) in a 2.0 - 5.0 mL Emry's process vial equipped with a stir bar is added 4-cyclopropylbenzaldehyde (350 mg, 2.4 mmol) via pipette. The reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 20 seconds and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 20 minutes at 1200C. The reaction is then cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water (2 x 50 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and purified over silica to afford 507 mg (50% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.40 (m, 4H), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.76 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 5.04 (s, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.05 (m, IH), 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, IH), 2.12 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, IH), 1.58 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.25 (m, IH), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.7(m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0; 158.7, 155.0, 146.3, 135.5, 130.6, 130.1, 127.5, 126.7, 114.3, 79.9, 74.7, 60.4, 55.6, 41.8, 39.7, 39.4, 34.5, 32.6, 31.9, 28.8, 15.6, 10.0; MS MH+ = 506.2; elemental analysis: theory C30H39N3O4 + 0.1 CF3COOH C 70.15, H 7.62, N 8.13; found C 70.32, H 7.37, N 8.11.
[0117] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of the 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, 3, (858 mg, 1.7 mmol in 4 rnL of DMF) and CsCO3 (648 mg, 2.0 mmol) in a 2.0 - 5.0 mL Emry's process vial equipped with a stir bar is added MeI (479 mg, 3.4 mmol) via pipette. The reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 30 seconds and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 25 minutes at 900C. The reaction is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with water (2 x 50 mL). The remaining aqueous layer is then extracted with EtOAc (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic extracts are then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness. The crude residue is then purified over silica to afford 512 mg (58% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.05 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.58 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.15 (m, IH), 1.01 (m, 2H), 0.7(m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 155.0, 146.1, 134.5, 130.4, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.8, 79.7, 60.4, 55.6, 41.0, 40.6, 40.4, 32.9, 32.3, 30.4, 28.8, 15.6, 10.0; MS MH+ = 520.1; elemental analysis: theory C31H41N3O4 C 71.65, H 7.95, N 8.09; found C 71.98, H 7.57, N 7.83.
[0118] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of the 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, 4, (10.26 g, 19.7 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 mL) is added trifluoroacetic acid (25 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the aqueous NaHCO3 (saturated, 200 mL) is added slowly and resulting mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. The resulting two layers are separated and the aqueous layer is extracted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL). The organic layers are combined and washed with aqueous NaHCO3 and dried over NaSO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo to afford 9.2 g (87% yield) of the desired product as a white solid. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 7.11 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.54 (s, IH), 4.07 (m, IH), 3.89 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.53 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, 4H), 1.22 (m, IH), 1.04 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 146.2, 134.3, 130.4, 130.3, 128.8, 126.2, 114.1, 79.8,
59.5, 55.6, 42.0, 41.5, 40.4, 32.9, 31.8, 30.3, 25.7, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 420.5; elemental analysis: theory C27H34N4O3 + 0.9 H2O C 61.20, H 6.22, N 9.91; found C 60.98, H 6.62, N 10.00.
[0119] The following are further non-limiting examples of compounds of formula (IX).
[0120] Compound 2: 2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.47 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 4.66 (s, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.74 (m, 3H), 3.11 (m, IH), 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.52 (m, IH), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, IH), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.31 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 155.4, 155.0, 134.5, 130.3, 129.9, 128.6, 126.2, 114.2, 79.9, 58.9,
55.6, 41.6, 41.2, 40.3, 35.1, 32.7, 31.7, 30.2, 29.4, 24.0; MS MH+ = 436.1; elemental analysis: theory C27H37N3O2 + 2.3 CF3COOH C 54.39, H 5.68, N 6.02; found C 54.27, H 5.67, N 5.94.
[0121] Compound 3: 2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.35 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.57, 6.33 (s, s, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.81 (m, IH), 2.69 (m, IH), 2.53 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 1.24 (m, IH); 13C- NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 152.4, 134.6, 130.4, 130.2, 120.0, 119.5, 116.0, 114.2, 112.6, 79.3, 59.6, 55.6, 42.0, 41.6, 40.5, 33.0, 32.0, 30.3, 26.0; MS MH+ = 446.4; elemental analysis: theory C24H29F2N3O3 + 0.5 CF3COOH C 59.75, H 5.92, N 8.36; found C 59.41, H 5.92, N 8.19. EXAMPLE 2
[0122] Example 2 provides methods for preparing representative compounds of formula (X). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
[0123] Compound 4: 8-Cyclopropylcarbonyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one.
[0124] Preparation of 8-cyclopropylcarbonyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of 2- (4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (238 mg contained 0.5 mmol TFA salt, 0.5 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (15 mL) is added triethylamine (200 mg, 2 mmol) and cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (208 mg, 2 mmol). The solution is stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. Methylene chloride (100 mL) is added and the resulting mixture is washed with NaHCO3 (saturated aqueous), H2O, dried over Na2SO4 and purified over silica to afford 92.7 mg (35% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.12 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.65 (m, IH), 4.59 (s, IH), 4.24 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, IH), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 3H), 1.22 (m, IH), 1.06 (m, 4H), 0.82 (m, 4H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 173.0, 158.7, 146.4, 133.7, 130.4, 130.2, 128.9, 126.2, 114.2, 79.8, 60.6, 55.7, 40.6, 32.9, 30.4, 15.6, 11.4, 10.1, 10.0, 7.8; MS MH+ = 488.3; HRMS: theory C30H37N3O3 488.2913; found 488.2922.
[0125] The following are further non-limiting examples of compounds of formula X of the present invention
[0126] Compound 5: 8-Acetyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.21 (d, 2H, /= 8.0 Hz), 7.09 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 6.84-6.80 (m, 2H), 4.61-4.41 (m, 2H), 4.26-4.07 (m, IH), 3.97-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.07-2.87 (m, IH), 2.84-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.41 (m, IH), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.98-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.11 (m, IH), 1.08-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.67 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 462.
[0127] Compound 6: 8-Cyclopropylcarbonyl-2-(4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (SOO MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.83(d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.57 (t, IH, J=81.6Hz), 4.57 (s, IH), 4.45 (m, IH), 4.20 (m, 0.5H), 4.13 (m, IH), 3.88 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.63 (m, IH), 3.03 (m, 0.5H), 2.79 (m, IH), 2.70 (m, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.72 (m, 4H), 1.29 (m, IH), 0.99 (m, 2H), 0.78 (m, 2H); MH+ = 514.2; elemental analysis: theory C28H33F2N3O4 C 65.48, H 6.48, N 8.18; found C 65.83, H 6.46, N 8.09.
EXAMPLE 3
Example 3 provides methods for preparing representative compounds of formula (XI). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
[0128] Compound 7: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide.
[0129] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: To a solution of the 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (3.0 g, 7.1 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 mL) is added trimethylsilyl isocyanide (2.4 g, 21.4 mmol), TEA (0.84 mL, 7.3 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 18 hours, the aqueous NaHCO3 (saturate, 50 mL) is added and resulting mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at the room temperature. Two layers are separated and aqueous layer is extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 100 rnL). The organic layers are combined and washed with aqueous NaHCO3 and dried over NaSO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo to a crude residue which is purified over silica to afford 2.48 g (85% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 4.60 (b, 2H), 4.54 (s, IH), 3.99 (m, IH), 3.89 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.21 (m, IH), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 158.4, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.2, 114.1, 79.8, 60.3, 55.7, 41.5, 40.5, 40.4, 32.9, 32.6, 30.4, 26.3, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 463.3; elemental analysis: theory C27H34N4O3 C 70.10, H 7.41, N 12.11; found C 70.07, H 7.47, N 12.09.
[0130] For exemplary compounds of formula (XI) wherein one of R5 or R6 are C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, the procedure exemplified in Example 4 can be followed. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein.
EXAMPLE 4
[0131] Compound 8: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid methyl amide
[0132] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid methyl amide: To a solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (238 mg contained 0.5 mmol TFA salt, 0.5 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) is added triethylamine (152 mg, 2 mmol) and methyl isocyanate (114 mg, 2 mmol). The solution is stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. Methylene chloride (100 mL) is added and the resulting mixture is washed with NaHCO3 (saturated aqueous), H2O, dried over Na2SO4 and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to a crude residue which is purified over silica to afford 145 mg (61% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.22 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 4.53 (s, IH), 4.45 (m, IH), 3.94-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.19 (m, IH), 2.84 (d, 3H, J=4.8Hz), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.95 (m, IH), 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.22 (m, IH), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.76 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 158.7, 158.6, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.8, 60.4, 55.7, 41.1, 40.5, 40.2, 32.9, 32.5, 30.4, 28.1, 26.3, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 477.3; elemental analysis: theory C28H36N4O3 + 0.5 H2O C 69.25, H 7.68, N 11.54; found C 69.14, H 7.56, N 11.63.
[0133] For exemplary compounds of formula (XI) wherein both of R5 or R6 are C1-C4 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or R5 or R6 are taken together to form a C3-C7 cyclic alkyl ring can be made by the procedure provided in Example 5. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein.
EXAMPLE 5
[0134] Compound 9: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-(piperidine-l-carbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one.
[0135] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-8-(piperidine-l-carbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of 2- (4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one trifluoroacetate, 5, (0.13 g, 0.25 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5.0 mL) is added triethylamine (0.09 mL, 0.65 mmol) and 1-piperidinecarbonyl chloride (0.04 mL, 0.32 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The crude material is purified over silica to afford 0.1 g of the desired product. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, /= 8.0 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, /= 8.6 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, / = 8.5 Hz), 4.51 (s, IH), 3.90-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.16 (m, 5H), 2.74-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.42 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.57 (m, 9H), 1.14-1.10 (m, IH), 1.02-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.69 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 531.
[0136] The following are further non-limiting examples of compounds of formula (XI).
[0137] Compound 10: 2-[4-(Diethylamino)phenyl]-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.68 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.49 (s, IH), 4.01 (m, IH), 3.90- 3.62 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.40 (q, 4H, J=6.9Hz, J=13.9Hz), 3.35 (m, IH), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, IH), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.88-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.20 (t, 6H, J=7.0Hz); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.6, 158.4, 149.1, 130.8, 130.2, 130.0, 123.0, 114.1, 111.6, 79.9, 77.6, 60.2, 55.7, 44.7, 41.6, 40.5, 33.0, 32.6, 30.4, 26.1, 12.9; MS MH+ = 494.3; elemental analysis: theory C28H39N5O3 + 1.0 H2O C 65.73, H 8.08, N 13.69; found C 65.50, H 7.82, N 13.67.
[0138] Compound 11: 2-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.69 (d, 2H, J=7.8Hz), 7.47 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.86 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.61 (s, IH), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.99-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.73 (m, IH), 3.28 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, IH), 2.65-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.22 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.8, 158.3, 141.8, 130.2, 129.4, 126.0, 114.2, 79.5, 77.6, 60.3, 55.7, 41.5, 40.6, 40.3, 33.0, 32.6, 30.4, 26.5; MS MH+ = 491.1; elemental analysis: theory C25H29F3N4O3 C 61.21, H 5.96, N 11.42; found C 61.42, H 6.09, N 11.48.
[0139] Compound 12: 2-(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.57 (s, IH), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.07 (m, IH), 3.87 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.53 (m, IH), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, IH), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.23 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 158.3, 153.1, 134.3, 130.5, 130.2, 128.6, 125.9, 114.1, 79.8, 60.3, 55.7, 41.6, 40.5, 40.4, 35.1, 32.9, 32.6, 31.7,
30.4, 26.3; MS MH+ = 479.1; elemental analysis: theory C28H38N4O3 + 0.7 H2O C 68.46, H 8.08, N 11.41; found C 68.22, H 7.79, N 11.30.
[0140] Compound 13: 2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.57, 6.33 (s, s, IH), 4.56 (m, 3H), 3.99 (m, IH), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 3H), 2.81 (m, IH), 2.70 (m, IH), 2.53 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 1.23 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.8, 158.3, 152.4, 134.7, 130.5, 130.3, 130.2, 120.0, 119.5, 116.0, 114.2, 112.5, 79.4, 60.3, 55.7,
41.5, 40.6, 33.0, 32.6, 30.4, 26.4; MS MH+ = 489.0; elemental analysis: theory C25H30F2N4O4 + 0.5 H2O C 60.35, H 6.28, N 11.26; found C 60.63, H 6.08, N 11.20.
[0141] Compound 14: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- trifluoromethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 7.10 (m, 6H), 4.79 (br, 2H), 4.56 (s, IH), 3.88 (m, 4H), 3.22 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.73 (m, 3H), 1.19 (m, IH), 1.01 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H); MH+ = 517.2; elemental analysis: theory C27H31F3N4O3 + 0.72mol H2O C 61.24, H 6.17, N 10.58; found C 61.25, H 5.88, N 10.32.
[0142] Compound 15: 2-(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid ethyl amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 4.62 (s, IH), 3.97-3.84 (m, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.72 (m, IH), 3.32 (q, 2H, J=7.4Hz, J=14.5Hz), 3.24 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.73 (m, 3H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.25 (m, IH), 1.18 (t, 3H, J=7.2Hz); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 158.2, 153.4, 133.4, 130.4, 130.2, 128.7, 126.0, 114.2, 79.8, 60.7, 55.7, 41.1, 40.7, 40.2, 36.3, 35.1, 32.9, 32.2, 31.7, 30.5, 26.3, 15.8; MS MH+ = 507.2; HRMS: theory C30H42N4O3 507.3335; found 507.3319.
[0143] Compound 16: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 7.11 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.02 (m, IH), 3.98 (m, 4H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.69 (m, IH), 3.51 (m, IH), 3.15 (m, IH), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, IH), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.95 (m, IH), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.24 (m, IH), 1.95 (s, s, 6H), 1.04 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H); 13C- NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 158.7, 157.5, 146.3, 133.9, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.2, 114.2, 79.8, 60.5, 55.7, 43.1, 41.1, 40.6, 40.2, 32.9, 30.4, 26.2, 23.8, 15.6, 10.1, 10.0; MS MH+ = 505.3; elemental analysis: theory C30H40N4O3 + 0.4 CF3COOH C 67.23, H 7.40, N 10.18; found C 67.57, H 7.42, N 10.23.
[0144] Compound 17: 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21 (d, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 6.87 (d, 2H, 8.6 Hz), 6.77 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 4.49 (s, IH), 4.45 (br, IH), 3.91 (m, 4H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, IH), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.47 (m, IH), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.66 (m, 3H), 1.21 (m ,1H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.11 (s, 3H); MH+ = 495.3; elemental analysis: theory C28H38N4O4 + 4.64mol H2O C 58.16, H 8.24, N 9.67; found C 58.16, H 8.11, N 9.46.
[0145] Compound 18: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid dimethylamide: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, /= 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, / = 8.6 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, /= 8.6 Hz), 4.51 (s, IH), 4.00-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.11 (m, IH), 2.80 (s, 6H), 2.77-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.42 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.93- 1.88 (m, IH), 1.74-1.67 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.11 (m, IH), 1.01-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.69 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 491.
[0146] Compound 19: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid diethylamide: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, / = 8.0 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, /= 8.2 Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, / = 8.6 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, /= 8.5 Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 3.90-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.13 (m, 5H), 2.74-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.47 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.93-1.89 (m, IH), 1.73-1.68 (m, 3H), 1.14-1.09 (m, 7H), 1.03-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.69 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 519. [0147] Compound 20: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 7.11 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.53 (s, IH), 4.39 (m, IH), 4.13 (m, IH), 3.96 (m, IH), 3.91 (m,2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.69 (m, IH), 3.18 (m, IH), 3.17 (m, 2H), 2.74 (m, IH), 2.66 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.42 (m, 6H), 1.40 (m, 3H), 1.22 (m, IH), 1.01 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 158.7, 157.8, 146.3, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.9, 60.4, 55.7, 52.9, 52.5, 41.1, 40.5, 40.1, 34.0, 32.9, 32.4, 30.4, 26.2, 24.0, 23.9, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 531.3; elemental analysis: theory C32H42N4O3 + 0.5 H2O C 71.21, H 8.03, N 10.38; found C 71.13, H 8.21, N 10.68.
[0148] For exemplary compounds of formula (XI) wherein R5 and R6 are taken together to form a ring having 4 atoms the following procedure can be used. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein.
[0149] Compound 21: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-(azetidin-l-ylcarbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one. To a solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l -methyl- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one trifluoroacetate, 5, (0.12 g, 0.22 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5.0 mL) at 0 0C is added diisopropylethyl amine (0.10 mL, 0.57 mmol) and trichloromethyl chloroformate (25 μL, 0.21 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at 0 0C for 45 minutes then at room temperature for 45 minutes followed by re-cooling the reaction to 0 0C after which azetidine (0.25 g, 4.38 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture stirred with warming to room temperature for 68 hours. The crude material is purified over silica to afford 0.08 g of the desired product. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, / = 8.2 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, / = 8.6 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, /= 8.6 Hz), 4.51 (s, IH), 4.03-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.06 (m, IH), 2.80-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.42 (m, IH), 2.28-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.96-1.85 (m, IH), 1.79-1.51 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.07 (m, IH), 1.02-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.71 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 503.
[0150] Compound 22: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-[(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)carbonyl]-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.21 (d, 2H, /= 8.1 Hz), 7.09 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, /= 8.7 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, /= 8.7 Hz), 4.53 (s, IH), 4.08-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.16 (m, 6H), 2.78-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.43 (m, IH), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.96-1.90 (m, IH), 1.75-1.62 (m, 3H), 1.23-1.21 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.12 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.71 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 546.
[0151] Compound 23: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-(pyrrolidin-l-ylcarbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, /= 8.1 Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, / = 8.7 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, /= 8.7 Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 4.12-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.32 (m, 5H), 3.22-3.14 (m, IH), 2.78-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.48 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.67 (m, 7H), 1.17-1.12 (m, IH), 1.03-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.70 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 517.
[0152] Compound 24: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.19 (d, 2H, / = 8.0 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, /= 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, / = 8.6 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, /= 8.5 Hz), 4.51 (s, IH), 4.00-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.55 (m, 5H), 3.23-3.09 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.42 (m, IH), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.89 (m, IH), 1.72-1.64 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.09 (m, 3H), 1.02-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.74-0.70 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 533.
EXAMPLE 6
[0153] Example 6 outlines the preparation of exemplary compounds according to the present invention wherein R3 is -C(O)NR5(OR7). The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
[0154] Compound 25: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-iV-methoxy-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide
[0155] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-iV-methoxy-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide: To the solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]-decan-4-one, 5, (100 mg, 0.19 mmol) and Et3N (66 μL, 0.47 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) at 00C is added triphosgene (31 mg, 0.1 mmol). The resulting solution is stirred at 0 0C for 15 minutes then at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture is re- cooled to 00C and added dropwise to a cold mixture of O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (207 mg, 2.5 mmol) and Et3N (500 μL, 3.6 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL). The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3.5 days followed by stirring at 40 0C overnight. The mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water, saturated NH4CI, and brine. The organic layer is dried over Na2SO4 and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The crude material is purified over silica (gradient hexanes/2- propanol 100:0 to 80:20) to afford 41 mg of the desired product as a white amorphous powder. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.51 (s, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.02 (d, 2H, /= 8.7 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, / = 8.4 Hz), 4.50 (s, IH), 3.84 (m, 4H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, IH), 2.69 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, IH), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.90 (m, IH), 1.69 (m, 3H), 1.17 (m, IH), 0.99 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 174.9, 159.1, 158.5, 146.0, 134.0, 130.3, 130.0, 128.6, 125.9, 113.9, 79.6, 64.2, 60.1, 55.4, 40.6, 40.3, 39.9, 32.7, 32.3, 30.1, 26.1, 15.4, 9.8, 9.7; (MH+) 493.
[0156] Compound 26: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-iV-hydroxy-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (bs, IH), 7.19 (d, 2H, /= 8.1 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, /= 8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, / = 8.7 Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 3.83 (overlapping m and s, 8H), 3.21 (m, IH), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, IH), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.91 (m, IH), 1.71 (m, 3H), 1.18 (m, IH), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13) δ 174.8, 161.2, 158.5, 146.0, 133.9, 130.3, 130.0, 128.7, 126.0, 113.9, 79.6, 60.0, 55.5, 40.3, 39.8, 32.7, 32.1, 30.1, 26.0, 15.4, 9.8, 9.7; (MH+) 478.
[0157] Compound 27: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-N-ethoxy-3-(4- methoxyphenethyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37 (bs, IH), 7.19(d, 2H, / = 7.8 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, /= 8.4 Hz), 7.02 (d, 2H, /= 8.7 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, / = 8.7 Hz), 4.51 (s, IH), 3.87 (overlapping m and s, 9H), 3.18 (m, IH), 2.69 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, IH), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.91 (m, IH), 1.68 (m, 3H), 1.23 (m, 4H), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 174.9, 159.4, 158.5, 146.0, 134.0, 130.3, 130.0, 128.7, 125.9, 113.9, 79.6, 71.8, 60.1, 55.4, 40.7, 40.3, 40.0, 32.7, 32.3, 30.1, 26.1, 15.4, 13.7, 9.8, 9.7; (MH+) 507.
[0158] Compound 28: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-N-methoxy-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N,l-dimethyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, /= 8.4 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, / = 8.4 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, /= 8.7 Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 3.96-3.79 (overlapping m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, IH), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.96-1.59 (overlapping m, 4H), 1.16 (m, IH), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.1, 162.3, 158.5, 145.9, 134.2, 130.3, 130.0, 128.7, 126.0, 113.9, 79.6, 60.3, 58.9, 55.4, 42.3, 41.5, 40.3, 37.0, 32.7, 30.2, 26.3, 15.4, 9.9, 9.8; (MH+) 507.
EXAMPLE 7
[0159] Example 7 herein below outline the preparation of exemplary compounds according to the present invention wherein R3 is -C(O)NR5NR8R9. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein [0160] Compound 29: tert-Butyl 2-({2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}carbonyl)hydrazine carboxylate
[0161] Preparation of tert-butyl 2-({ 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8- yl}carbonyl)hydrazinecarboxylate: To a solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (0.12 g, 0.23 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5.0 rnL) at 0 0C is added diisopropylethyl amine (0.10 rnL, 0.57 mmol) and trichloromethyl chloroformate (25 μL, 0.21 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at 0 0C for 45 minutes and at room temperature for 2 hours followed by re-cooling to 0 0C and addition of tert-butylcarbazate (0.05 g, 0.35 mmol). The cooling bath is removed and the reaction is stirred for 19 hours after which time the reaction mixture is adsorbed onto silica and washed with solvent to afford 0.09 g of the desired product. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.01 (d, 2H, /= 7.9 Hz), 6.89 (d, 2H, / = 7.9 Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, /= 8.3 Hz), 6.62 (d, 2H, /= 8.3 Hz), 6.21 (bs, 2H), 4.34 (s, IH), 3.78-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.09-2.93 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.24 (m, IH), 1.84 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.71 (m, IH), 1.63-1.49 (m, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H), 1.09-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.51 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 578.
EXAMPLE 8
[0162] Exemplary Compounds of formula (XIV) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined in example 8. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein. [0163] Compound 30: iV-cyano-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide
[0164] Preparation of 8-(phenyl-Λf-cyano-l-carbimidate)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To the solution of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (202 mg, 0.49 mmol) in 10 rnL of zso-propanol is added diphenyl cyanocarbodiimide (235mg, 0.99 mmol), and triethylamine (0.15mL) via syringe. The reaction is then stirred at 80 0C for 40 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the resulting residue purified over silica to afford 203 mg (74% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 3H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=4.79Hz), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.46 (m, IH), 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.85 (m, 3H), 1.29 (m, 2H); MH+ = 554.3; elemental analysis: theory C32H35N5O4 + 4.55mol H2O C 60.46, H 6.99, N 11.01; found C 60.46, H 6.68, N 10.89.
[0165] Preparation of iV-cyano-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide: To a solution of the ammonia (7M in MeOH, 2.5mL, 17.5 mmol) in a 2.0 - 5.0 mL Emry's process vial equipped with a stir bar is added 8-(phenyl-N-cyano-l-carbimidate)- 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (147 mg, 0.27 mmol). The reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 30 seconds, and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 30 minutes at 1800C. The crude residue is then purified over silica to afford 86mg (68% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.83(d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 5.71 (s, IH), 4.55 (br, IH), 4.13 (m, 4H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.33 (m, IH), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, IH), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.28 (m ,1H); MH+ = 477.2; elemental analysis: theory C26H32N6O3 + 0.43mol H2O C 64.48, H 6.84, N 17.35; found C 64.48, H 6.78, N 16.98.
[0166] The following are further non-limiting examples of compounds of formula XIV of the present invention. [0167] Compound 31: 8-(Cyano-l-carboxamidine)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one. An alternative name for this compound is (E)-N'-cyano-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(4- methoxyphenethyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide
[0168] A solution of phenyl N-cyano-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]-decane-8-carboximidoate (0.14 g, 0.28 mmol) in 7.0 N NH3 in MeOH (3.5 mL) is irradiated in a Biotage Initiator microwave for 30 minutes at 150 0C. The reaction mixture is adsorbed silica gel and purified by normal phase chromatography to yield 0.04 g of the desired product. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.09 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 5.71 (s, 2H), 4.53 (s, IH), 4.15-3.86 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.37 (m, IH), 2.82-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.43 (m, IH), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.33-1.14 (m, 2H), 1.03-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.73 (m, 2H); ESI- MS (m/z): (M+H+) 487.
EXAMPLE 9
[0169] Exemplary compounds of formula (XV) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined herein below in Example 9. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
[0170] Compound 32: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3-[2-(4- methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one
[0171] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3-[2-(4- methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of the 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]- decan-4-one, 5, (210 mg, 0.5 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 niL) is added methanesulfonyl chloride (114 mg, 1.0 mmol), triethylamine (TEA) (200 mg, 7.3 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the CH2Cl2 is evaporated and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (100 mL). The EtOAc layer is washed with aqueous NaHCO3, H2O and dried over NaSO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the resulting crude material is purified by HPLC to afford 160 mg (64% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (d, 2H, J=7.7Hz), 7.11 (d, 2H, J=7.7Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 4.56 (s, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.68 (m, 4H), 3.09 (m, IH), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, IH), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 1.24 (m, IH), 1.04 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 146.3, 134.1, 130.4, 130.2, 128.8, 126.2, 114.1, 79.9, 59.5, 55.7, 43.0, 42.6, 40.6, 34.7, 32.9, 32.6, 30.3, 26.6, 15.6, 10.1, 10.0; MS MH+ = 498.0; elemental analysis: theory C27H35N3O4S C 65.16, H 7.09, N 8.44; found C 65.20, H 6.77, N 8.37.
[0172] The following are further non-limiting examples of compounds of formula (XV)of the present invention.
[0173] Compound 33: 2-(4-te/t-Butylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.70 (bs, IH), 4.67 (s, IH), 4.05 (m, IH), 3.92 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.44 (m, IH), 3.34 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.05 (m, 3H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.28 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.8, 153.5, 133.3, 130.3, 130.2, 128.6, 126.1, 114.2, 80.0, 60.0, 55.6, 42.9, 42.5, 40.9, 35.1, 34.8, 32.9, 32.4, 31.6, 30.4, 26.8; MS MH+ = 514.1; elemental analysis: theory C28H39N3O2 + 0.5 CF3COOH C 61.03, H 6.98, N 7.36; found C 61.15, H 7.01, N 7.36.
[0174] Compound 34: 2-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3-[2- (4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (SOO MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.70 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.47 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 4.63 (s, IH), 3.89-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.79-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, IH), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.79 (m, IH), 2.66-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.31 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.9, 141.6, 130.2, 129.4, 126.1, 122.3, 114.2, 79.6, 77.6, 59.6, 55.7, 42.9, 42.5, 40.7, 34.8, 33.0, 32.6, 30.3, 26.8; MS MH+ = 526.1; elemental analysis: theory C25H30F3N3O4S + 0.2 H2O C 56.74, H 5.79, N 7.94; found C 56.35, H 5.70, N 7.63.
EXAMPLE 10
[0175] Exemplary compounds of formula (XVI) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined herein below in Example 10. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
[0176] Compound 35: Ethyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate
[0177] Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: To a solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l -methyl- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (0.12 g, 0.22 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5.0 mL) is added triethylamine (0.09 mL, 0.65 mmol) and ethyl chloroformate (0.03 mL, 0.31 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The crude product is purified over silica to afford 0.08 g of the desired product. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.12 (d, 2H, /= 8.2 Hz), 7.00 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 6.95 (d, 2H, /= 8.6 Hz), 6.73 (d, 2H, / = 8.6 Hz), 4.44 (s, IH), 4.09-3.74 (m, 6H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.09 (bs, IH), 2.67-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.48- 2.35 (m, IH), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.87-1.81 (m, IH), 1.76-1.41 (m, 3H), 1.19 (t, 3H, /= 7.1 Hz), 1.13-1.03 (m, IH), 0.94-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.62 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 492. [0178] The following are further non-limiting examples of compounds of formula (XVI) of the present invention.
[0179] Compound 36: Isopropyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, /= 8.1 Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, / = 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, /= 8.6 Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, /= 8.6 Hz), 4.96-4.88 (m, IH), 4.51 (s, lH),4.13-3.82 (m, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.15 (bs, IH), 2.79-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.42 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.89 (m, IH), 1.81-1.47 (m, 3H), 1.25 (d, 6H, /= 6.3 Hz), 1.20-1.09 (m, IH), 1.02-0.98 (m, 2H), 0.75- 0.71 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 506.
[0180] Compound 37: tert-Butyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 3.93 (m, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, IH), 2.78-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.18 (m, IH); MS MH+ =510.2.
[0181] Compound 38: tert-Butyl 2-(4-te/t-butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.30 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 4.57 (s, IH), 4.00 (m, 4H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, IH), 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, IH), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.77 (m, 3H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.15 (m, IH); MS MH+ =536.0.
[0182] Compound 39: tert-Butyl 2-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.17 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 7.09 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 6.66 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 4.49 (s, IH), 4.00 (m, 4H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.41 (m, 4H), 3.18 (m, IH), 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, IH), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.21 (m, 6H), 1.15 (m, IH); MS MH+ =551.1.
[0183] Compound 40: tert-Butyl 2-(4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.58, 6.33 (s, s, IH), 4.57 (s, IH), 3.94 (m, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, IH), 2.79 (m, IH), 2.69 (m, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.78 (m, IH), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.18 (m, IH); MS MH+ =547.2.
[0184] Compound 41: Methyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (d, 2H, J=7.7Hz), 7.22 (d, 2H, J=7.6Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=7.1Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=7.4Hz), 4.58 (s, IH), 4.06 (m, IHO, 3.94 (m, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.73 (m, IH), 3.21 (m, IH), 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.57 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.79 (m, IH), 1.61 (m, 3H), 1.21 (m, IH), 1.04 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H); MS MH+ =478.2.
EXAMPLE Il
[0185] Exemplary ccompounds of formula (XVII) can be prepared by the procedures and examples outlined herein below in Example 11. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
[0186] Compound 42: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-8-(isoxazol-5-yl-carbonyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one
[0187] Preparation of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-8-(isoxazol-5-ylcarbonyl)-3-[2- (4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of 2- (4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]- decan-4-one trifluoroacetate (0.13 g, 0.25 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5.0 mL) is added triethylamine (0.17 mL, 1.22 mmol) and isoxazole-5-carbonyl chloride (0.04 g, 0.29 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The crude product is purified over silica to afford 0.05 g of the desired product. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 8.17-8.15 (m, IH), 7.07-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.94-6.87 (m, 4H), 6.69-6.58 (m, 3H), 4.51-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.19-3.67 (m, 3H), 3.63, 3.61 (s, rotamers, 3H), 3.49-3.35, 3.14-2.99 (m, IH), 2.69-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.26 (m, IH), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.45 (m, 5H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.55 (m, 2H); ESI-MS (m/z): (M+H+) 514.
[0188] Exemplary compounds of formula XVIII of the present invention can be prepared by the same procedures as outlined herein by replacing 4-methoxyphenethyl amine with 3-phenylpropyl amine. The following are non-limiting examples of compounds according of formula XVIII of the present invention. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare additional compounds of the present invention.
[0189] Compound 43: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]-decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.23 (m, IH), 7.09 (m, 4H), 4.77 (s, IH), 3.75 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.34 (br, IH), 3.23 (m, IH), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.59 (m, IH), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 4H), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.5, 145.9, 141.6, 134.7, 128.7, 128.6, 128.4, 126.1, 126.0, 79.7, 60.2, 42.7, 42.2, 39.6, 33.6, 33.3, 30.5, 29.2, 27.4, 15.5, 9.9; ESI/MS MH+ = 404.1; elemental analysis: theory C26H33N3O + 0.23 mol H2O C 76.59, H 8.27, N 10.30; found C 76.59, H 8.41, N 10.28.
[0190] Compound 44: 8-Acetyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l- methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (m, 5H), 7.08 (m, 4H), 4.78 (s, IH), 4.59 (m, IH), 4.23 (m, 0.5H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, IH), 3.20 (m, 0.5H), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 5H), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.80 (m, 2H); MH+ = 446.2; elemental analysis: theory C28H35N3O2 + 2.03 mol H2O C 69.75, H 8.17, N 8.71; found C 69.75, H 7.88, N 8.63.
[0191] Compound 45: 8-Cyclopropanecarbonyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.19 (m, IH), 7.08 (m, 4H), 4.79 (s, IH), 4.58 (m, IH), 4.30 (m, 0.5H), 4.23 (m, IH), 3.74 (m, IH), 3.52 (m, IH), 3.26 (m, 0.5H), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.95 (m 2H), 1.80 (m, 4H), 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.01 (m, 4H), 0.76 (m, 4H); MH+ = 472.3; elemental analysis: theory C30H37N3O2 + 0.28mol H2O C 75.69, H 7.94, N 8.82; found C 75.60, H 7.67, N 8.56.
[0192] Compound 46: 8-Cyclopropanecarbonyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21 (m, 5H), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 6.91 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.78 (s, IH), 4.55 (m, IH), 4.16 (m 1.5H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.78 (m, IH), 3.50 (m IH), 3.24 (m, 0.5H), 2.64 (m, IH), 2.51 (m, 2H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.89 (m IH), 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 3H), 1.01 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H); MH+ = 462.2; elemental analysis: theory C28H35N3O3 C 72.86, H 7.64, N 9.10; found C 72.54, H 7.51, N 9.23.
[0193] Compound 47: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (m, 5H), 7.07 (m, 4H, J=7.0Hz), 4.77 (s,lH), 4.06 (br, 2H), 3.85 (br, IH), 3.51 (m, IH), 3.32 (br, IH), 2.61 (m, IH), 2.49 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.79 (m, 4H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.2, 155.3, 146.0, 141.5, 134.5, 128.7, 128.6, 128.4, 126.2, 126.1, 79.8, 79.6, 60.3, 39.6, 33.3, 32.9, 30.4, 29.2, 28.7, 26.5, 15.5, 9.9; ESI/MS MH+ = 504.2; elemental analysis: theory C31H41N3O3 + 0.95 mol H2O C 71.49, H 8.30, N 8.06; found C 71.49, H 8.36, N 8.24.
[0194] Compound 48: tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.26 (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, IH), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 5.35 (s, IH), 4.00 (br, 2H), 3.56 (m, IH), 3.22 (m, IH), 2.99 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, IH), 2.51 (m ,2H), 2.19 (m, IH), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.52 (br, IH), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.34 (s, 9H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.9, 154.8, 153.1, 141.4, 135.6, 128.6, 128.4, 127.1, 126.4, 126.2, 79.8, 74.4, 60.5, 40.6, 35.0, 34.5, 33.2, 32.0, 31.6, 28.8, 28.7; ESI/MS MH+ = 506.5.
[0195] Compound 49: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.23 (m, IH), 7.09 (m, 4H), 4.77 (s, IH), 3.75 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.34 (br, IH), 3.23 (m, IH), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.59 (m, IH), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 4H), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 174.8, 158.2, 145.6, 141.0, 134.0, 128.3, 128.2, 128.0, 125.8, 125.7, 79.4, 59.8, 41.0, 40.0, 39.2, 32.9, 32.4, 30.0, 28.8, 26.0, 15.1, 9.5; ESI/MS MH+ = 447.1; elemental analysis: theory C24H34N4O2 + 0.71 mol H2O C 70.59, H 7.77, N 12.19; found C 70.57, H 7.68, N 12.13.
[0196] Compound 50: 2-(4-te/t-Butylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38 (d, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=7.0Hz), 7.21 (d, 2H, J=7.5Hz), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=7.5Hz), 5.05 (br, 2H), 4.79 (s, IH), 3.99 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, IH), 2.47 (m, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.61 (m, 3H), 1.34 (s, 9H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.2, 158.7, 152.9, 141.4, 134.4, 128.6, 128.4, 126.2, 125.8, 79.8, 60.2, 41.4, 40.4, 39.7, 35.0, 33.3, 32.8, 31.6, 30.5, 29.2, 26.5; ESI/MS MH+ = 463.6; elemental analysis: theory C28H36N4O3 + 0.76 mol H2O C 70.60, H 8.36, N 11.76; found C 70.60, H 8.24, N 11.75.
[0197] Compound 51: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid methylamide. An alternative name for this compound is 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-iV,l-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25 (m, 5H), 7.04 (m, 4H), 4.95 (br, IH), 4.76 (s, IH), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.59 (m, IH), 2.49 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, 3H), 1.26 (m, IH), 0.99 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H); MH+ = 461.3; elemental analysis: theory C28H36N4O2 + 1.17 mol H2O C 69.82, H 8.02, N 11.63; found C 69.82, H 7.69, N 11.65.
[0198] Compound 52: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid isopropyl amide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, IH), 7.04 (m, 4H), 4.77 (s, IH), 4.42 (br, IH), 3.96 (m, 3H), 3.74 (m, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.59 (m, IH), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.81 (m, 4H), 1.63 (m, 3H), 1.17 (s, 3H), 1.16 (s, 3H), 0.95 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H); MH+ = 489.3; elemental analysis: theory C30H40N4O2 + 1.14 mol H2O C 70.76, H 8.36, N 11.00; found C 70.75, H 8.04, N 11.13.
[0199] Compound 53: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid dimethylamide: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (m, 4H), 7.14 (m, IH), 7.08 (m, 4H), 4.78 (s, IH), 3.97 (m, IH), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.44 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.61 (m, IH), 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 3H), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.76 (m, 2H); MH+ = 475.3; elemental analysis: theory C29H38N4O2 + 1.70mol H2O C 68.93, H 8.26, N 11.09; found C 68.94, H 7.93, N 10.84.
[0200] Compound 54: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-l-methyl- 3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27 (m, 4H), 7.21 (m, IH), 7.08 (m, 4H), 4.80 (s, IH), 3.81 (m, 3H), 3.46 (m, IH), 3.32 (m, IH), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.66 (m, IH), 2.49 (m, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.00 (m 4H), 1.74 (m, IH), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H); MH+ = 482.2; elemental analysis: theory C27H35N3O3S + 1.21mol H2O C 64.41, H 7.49, N 8.35; found C 64.41, H 7.32, N 8.06.
[0201] Exemplary compounds of formula XIX (L2 equal to methylene, -CH2-) can be prepared according to the examples 12 and 13 or with modifications which are routine to the artisan.
EXAMPLE 12
[0202] Compound 55: 2-{2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl} acetamide
[0203] Preparation of 2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl} acetamide: To a solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, (238 mg contained 0.5 mmol TFA salt, 0.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) is added triethylamine (100 mg, 1 mmol) and 2-bromoacetamide (137 mg, 1 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. EtOAc (100 niL) and H2O (50 niL) are added and the layers separated. The organic layer is washed with NaHCO3 (saturated aqueous), H2O, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue which is purified over silica to afford 154 mg (65% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.22 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.15 (d, IH, J=4.1Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 5.73 (d, IH, J=4.6Hz), 4.51 (s, IH), 3.84 (m, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.32 (m, IH), 3.09 (s, 2H), 2.77 (m, 5H), 2.51 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.25 (m, IH), 1.05 (m, 2H), 0.76 (m,2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0; 175.0, 158.6, 146.1, 134.6, 130.7, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.9, 61.7, 59.6, 55.7, 50.5, 50.0, 40.6, 33.1, 32.9, 30.6, 26.6, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 477.1; elemental analysis: theory C28H38N4O3 + 0.2 H2O C 70.03, H 7.64, N 11.67; found C 69.84, H 7.60, N 11.60.
EXAMPLE 13
[0204] Compound 56: 8-Cyclopropylmethyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one
[0205] Preparation of 8-cyclopropylmethyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of 2- (4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (476 mg contained 0.5 mmol TFA salt, 1.0 mmol) in ClCH2CH2Cl (10 mL) is added cyclopropancarbaldehyde (84 mg, 1.2 mmol), glacial acetic acid (0.1 mL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (233 mg, 1.1 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with NaHCO3 (50 mL, saturated aqueous). The organic layer is removed and the aqueous layer extracted by CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with NaHCO3, H2O, dried over Na2SO4 and purified via HPLC to afford 293 mg (62% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.12 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.56 (m, IH), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.62 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.16 (m, IH), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.73 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, IH), 2.32 m, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 2H), 1.07 (m, 2H), 0.82 (m, 4H), 0.42 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 162.5, 158.8, 146.5, 133.3, 130.3, 130.1, 128.8, 126.3, 114.7, 114.1, 79.9, 62.0, 58.4, 55.6, 49.0, 48.7, 40.3, 32.9, 30.1, 24.1, 15.6, 10.1, 10.0, 5.9, 5.0; MS MH+ = 488.3; elemental analysis: theory C36H39N3O2 + 1.2 CF3COOH C 63.75, H 6.64, N 6.88; found C 63.87, H 6.75, N 6.76.
[0206] The following is a non-limiting example of a compound of formula XIX of the present invention.
[0207] Compound 57: 2-{2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl} acetamide: 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (b, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 6.57, 6.33 (s, s, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.09 (m, IH), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.83 (m, IH), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, IH), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.35 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 163.0, 161.9, 158.9, 152.6, 133.6, 130.4, 130.2, 130.0, 122.2, 120.0, 116.0, 114.2, 112.0, 79.5, 77.8, 58.0, 55.6, 50.8, 50.4, 40.7, 32.8, 29.9, 24.1; MS MH+ = 503.2; elemental analysis: theory C26H32F2N4O4 + 1.8 CF3COOH C 50.23, H 4.81, N 7.92; found C 50.57, H 5.00, N 7.83.
[0208] Exemplary compounds of formula XX of the present invention can be prepared by the procedure outlined in Example 14 herein below. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein.
EXAMPLE 14
[0209] Compound 58: 2-(4-rerr-Butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide. [0210] Preparation of 2-(4-terr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4- oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of crude tert-butyl 4-((4-methoxyphenethyl)carbamoyl)-4-aminopiperidine-l-carboxylate, 2, (1.88 g, 5.0 mmol in 10 niL of methanol) and K2CO3 (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol) in a 10-20 niL Emry's process vial equipped with a stir bar is added 2-(4-te/t-butylphenyl)acetaldehyde (885 mg, 5.0 mmol) via pipette. The reaction mixture is capped, stirred 30 seconds and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 25 minutes at 900C. The reaction is cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with water (2 x 100 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to a crude residue which is purified over silica to afford 920 mg (34% yield) of the desired product. 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 7.11 (m, 4H), 6.86 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 4.55 (s, IH), 4.02 (m, IH), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, IH), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.75 (m, 4H), 1.84 (m, IH), 1.66 (m, IH), 1.48 (m, IH), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.32 (s, 9H), 1.30 (m, IH), 1.02 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0; 158.7, 155.0, 132.2, 130.5, 129.7, 128.3, 126.0, 124.8, 120.5, 114.3, 79.9, 71.3, 59.7, 55.6, 42.1, 40.0, 39.8, 34.8, 34.2, 32.9, 31.7, 28.8; MS MH+ = 536.4; elemental analysis: theory C32H45N3O4 + 0.5 H2O C 70.66, H 8.51, N 7.71; found C 70.99, H 8.29, N 7.28.
[0211] Preparation of 2-(4-rerr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: To the solution of the 2-(4-fcrr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (799.5 mg, 1.5 mmol in 10 mL of DMF) and CsCO3 (648 mg, 2.0 mmol) in a 10 - 20 mL Emry's process vial equipped with a stir bar is added MeI (635 mg, 4.5 mmol) via pipet. The reaction mixture is then capped, stirred 30 sec. and heated in a Biotage Initiator 60 microwave for 40 minutes at 900C. The reaction is then cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (150 mL), washed with water (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts are then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated to dryness. The crude product is purified over silica to afford 560 mg (68% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.77 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.97 (m, IH), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60 (m, IH), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.36 (, m, IH), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.04 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 155.3, 150.0, 133.6, 130.4, 130.1, 129.7, 125.6, 114.1, 79.6, 76.9, 60.2, 55.6, 40.7, 40.2, 40.0, 38.1, 34.8, 32.9, 32.7, 31.7, 31.4, 28.8, 27.5; MS MH+ = 550.2; elemental analysis: theory C33H47N3O4 C 72.10, H 8.62, N 7.64; found C 72.02, H 8.56, N 7.29.
[0212] Preparation of 2-(4-rerr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan4-one: To a solution of the 2-(4-te/t-butylbenzyl)-3- [2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (494 mg, 0.9 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (30 niL) is added TFA (7.5 niL). After stirring at room temperature for 3 h, the aqueous NaHCO3 (saturated, 100 mL) is added slowly and resulting mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at the room temperature. Two layers are separated and aqueous layer is extracted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL). The combined organic solvent is washed with aqueous NaHCO3 and dried over NaSO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give afford 435 mg (96% yield) of the desired product as a white solid. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.02 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.24 (m, IH), 4.06 (m, IH), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, IH), 3.13 (m, 3H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.73 (m, IH), 2.57 (m, IH), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, IH), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.04 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 150.1, 133.2, 130.2, 130.1, 126.0, 114.1, 77.8, 58.8, 55.6, 41.5, 41.1, 40.5, 37.7, 34.8, 32.7, 31.7, 31.0, 30.9, 25.9; MS MH+ = 450.2; HRMS: theory C28H39N3O2 450.3121; found 450.3114.
[0213] Preparation of 2-(4-rerr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide: To a solution of the 2-(4-terr-butylbenzyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl- 1 ,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan4-one (328 mg, 0.85 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (30 mL) is added trimethylsilyl isocyanate (460 mg, 3.4 mmol), TEA (252 mg, 2.5 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 6 h, the aqueous NaHCO3 (saturated, 50 mL) is added and resulting mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at the room temperature. After CH2Cl2 (100 mL) is added and two layers are separated. The organic layer is washed with H2O and dried over NaSO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give crude product. The crude material obtained is purified over silica to afford 309 mg (74% yield) of the desired product. 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.52 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, IH), 4.02 (m, IH), 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.61 (m, IH), 3.23 (m, IH), 3.15 (m, IH), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.70 (m, IH), 2.58 (m, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, IH), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.10 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 158.3, 150.0, 133.5, 130.3, 130.1, 129.7, 125.6, 114.1, 77.8, 60.5, 55.6, 41.6, 40.7, 40.4, 38.0, 34.8, 32.8, 32.7, 31.7, 31.4, 27.4; MS MH+ = 493.3; elemental analysis: theory C29H40N4O3 C 70.70, H 8.18, N 11.37; found C 70.35, H 8.11, N il.16.
EXAMPLE 15
[0214] Exemplary compounds of formula XXI of the present invention can be prepared by the procedure outlined in Example 15. The skilled practitioner will know how to substitute the appropriate reagents, starting materials and purification methods known to those skilled in the art, in order to prepare the compounds provided herein
[0215] Compound 59: 8-(2-Amino-2-methylpropionyl)-2-(4- cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan- 4-one
[0216] Preparation of (2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}-l,l-dimethyl-2- oxo-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester: To a solution of 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2- (4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5, (476 mg contained 0.5 mmol TFA salt, 1.0 mmol) in CHCl3 (20 mL) is added triethylamine (202 mg, 2 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (137 mg, 1 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature and 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)- 2-methyl-propanoic acid (203 mg, 1 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction is washed with water and the aqueous layer extracted by CH2Cl2 (50 rnL). The combined organic layers are washed with H2O, dried over Na2SO4 and the solvent removed under reduced pressure and the resulting residue purified over silica to afford 460 mg (76% yield) of the desired product. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.22 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 5.02 (b, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.47 (b, IH), 3.87 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, IH), 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, IH), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.22 (m,lH), 1.05 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 163.0, 158.7, 154.4, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.9, 60.4, 57.0, 55.7, 40.5, 33.0, 30.4, 28.7, 26.6, 25.6, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 605.2; elemental analysis: theory C35H48N4O5 + 0.5 H2O C 68.49, H 8.05, N 9.13; found C 68.51, H 8.04, N 8.95.
[0217] Preparation of 8-(2-amino-2-methylpropionyl)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: To a solution of the (2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}-l,l-dimethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (320 mg, 0.5 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) is added trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 2.5 hour, aqueous NaHCO3 (saturated, 100 mL) is added slowly and resulting mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at the room temperature. The two layers which form are separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL). The organic layers are combined and washed with aqueous NaHCO3, H2O and dried over Na2SO4. The solvent is removed in vacuo to afford 204 mg (82% yield) of the desired product as a white solid. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.22 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.09 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 4.52 (m, 3H), 4.00 (m, IH), 3.89 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.52 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.89- 1.56 (m, 4H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.26 (m,lH), 1.02 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 175.0, 158.7, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.8, 60.4, 55.9, 55.6, 42.5, 41.3, 40.5, 33.2, 33.0, 30.4, 29.6, 26.8, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 505.2; elemental analysis: theory C30H40N4O3 + 0.4 CF3COOH C 67.23, H 7.40, N 10.18; found C 66.91, H 7.56, N 10.22. [0218] Further compounds according to the present invention include:
[0219] Compound 60: 2-(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4- oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 7.21 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.86 (d, 2H, J=8.7 Hz), 5.04 (s, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, IH), 3.00 (m, IH), 2.89-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, IH), 2.17 (m, IH), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.45 (m, IH), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.28 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0; 158.7, 155.0, 153.2, 135.5, 130.6, 130.2, 127.3, 126.5, 114.3, 79.9, 74.6, 60.5, 55.6, 41.9, 40.3, 35.1, 34.5, 34.4, 32.6, 31.8, 31.6, 28.8; MS MH+ = 522.5; elemental analysis: theory C31H43N3O4 C 71.37, H 8.31, N 8.05; found C 70.99, H 7.91, N 7.78.
[0220] Compound 61: 2-(4-Diethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.07 (m, 4H), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.69 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 4.96 (s, IH), 4.01 (m, IH), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.42 (q, 4H, J=6.9Hz, J=14.1Hz), 3.18 (m, IH), 3.00 (m, IH), 2.91 (m, IH), 2.80 (m, IH), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.17 (m, IH), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m, IH), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.30 (m,lH), 1.22 (t, 6H, J=6H); 13C- NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0, 158.6, 155.0, 149.0, 130.8, 128.7, 124.1, 114.2, 112.0, 79.9, 74.7, 60.4, 55.6, 51.2, 44.7, 41.8, 40.5, 39.7, 34.5, 32.6, 31.8, 28.8, 12.9; MS MH+ = 537.0.
[0221] Compound 62: 2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.25 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.56, 6.32 (s, s, IH), 5.04 (s, IH), 4.01 (m, 2H), 3.97 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.00 (m, IH), 2.82 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, IH), 2.20 (m, IH), 1.68 (m, IH), 1.48 (m, IH), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.32 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0, 158.8, 154.9, 152.3, 130.4, 130.1, 129.3, 120.5, 119.4, 115.9, 114.4, 112.4, 80.0, 74.0, 60.5, 55.6, 42.0, 40.0, 39.8, 34.5, 32.6, 31.9, 28.8; MS MH+ = 532.0.
[0222] Compound 63: 2-(4-ferr-Butylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.49 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 7.20 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 5.26 (s, IH), 5.13 (bs, IH), 4.04 (m, IH), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.74 (m, IH), 3.49 (m, IH), 3.28 (m, 2H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.67 (m, IH), 2.31 (m, IH), 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, IH), 1.37 (s, 9H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 174.0; 159.0, 154.7, 131.1, 130.1, 129.6, 127.6, 126.8, 114.4, 73.3, 60.3, 55.6, 41.9, 35.5, 35.2, 33.1, 32.3, 31.5; MS MH+ = 500.1; elemental analysis: theory C27H37N3O4S + 1.2 CF3COOH C 55.48, H 6.05, N 6.60; found C 55.29, H 5.85, N 6.52.
[0223] Compound 64: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.40 (m, 4H), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.76 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 5.04 (s, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.05 (m, IH), 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, IH), 2.12 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, IH), 1.58 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.25 (m, IH), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.7(m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0; 158.7, 155.0, 146.3, 135.5, 130.6, 130.1, 127.5, 126.7, 114.3, 79.9, 74.7, 60.4, 55.6, 41.8, 39.7, 39.4, 34.5, 32.6, 31.9, 28.8, 15.6, 10.0; MS MH+ = 506.2; elemental analysis: theory C30H39N3O4 + 0.1 CF3COOH C 70.15, H 7.62, N 8.13; found C 70.32, H 7.37, N 8.11
[0224] Compound 65: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate. 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.52 (s, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.05 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, IH), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.58 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.15 (m, IH), 1.01 (m, 2H), 0.7(m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 155.0, 146.1, 134.5, 130.4, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.8, 79.7, 60.4, 55.6, 41.0, 40.6, 40.4, 32.9, 32.3, 30.4, 28.8, 15.6, 10.0; MS MH+ = 520.1; elemental analysis: theory C31H41N3O4 C 71.65, H 7.95, N 8.09; found C 71.98, H 7.57, N 7.83 [0225] Compound 66: 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 (d, 2H, J=8.1Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.0Hz), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.4Hz), 4.55 (s, IH), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.09 (bs, 2H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, IH), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.81 (m, 4H); MS MH+ = 410
[0226] Compound 67: 8-(phenyl-iV-cyano-l-carbimidate)-2-(4- methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4- one. An alternative name is phenyl N-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-(4- methoxyphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbimidate. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 3H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=4.79Hz), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.46 (m, IH), 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.85 (m, 3H), 1.29 (m, 2H); MH+ = 554.3; elemental analysis: theory C32H35N5O4 + 4.55mol H2O C 60.46, H 6.99, N 11.01; found C 60.46, H 6.68, N 10.89
[0227] Compound 68: 2-(4-terr-butylbenzyl)-3- [2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 - methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-(4- methoxyphenethyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.77 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.97 (m, IH), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60 (m, IH), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.36 (, m, IH), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.04 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 155.3, 150.0, 133.6, 130.4, 130.1, 129.7, 125.6, 114.1, 79.6, 76.9, 60.2, 55.6, 40.7, 40.2, 40.0, 38.1, 34.8, 32.9, 32.7, 31.7, 31.4, 28.8, 27.5; MS MH+ = 550.2; elemental analysis: theory C33H47N3O4 C 72.10, H 8.62, N 7.64; found C 72.02, H 8.56, N 7.29
[0228] Compound 69 : 2-(4-rerr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.02 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.80 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 4.24 (m, IH), 4.06 (m, IH), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, IH), 3.13 (m, 3H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.73 (m, IH), 2.57 (m, IH), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, IH), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.04 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 150.1, 133.2, 130.2, 130.1, 126.0, 114.1, 77.8, 58.8, 55.6, 41.5, 41.1, 40.5, 37.7, 34.8, 32.7, 31.7, 31.0, 30.9, 25.9; MS MH+ = 450.2; HRMS: theory C28H39N3O2 450.3121; found 450.3114
[0229] Compound 70: (2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}-l,l-dimethyl-2- oxo-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-bυtyl ester: 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.22 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=7.9Hz), 7.06 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.3Hz), 5.02 (b, IH), 4.56 (s, IH), 4.47 (b, IH), 3.87 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, IH), 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, IH), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.22 (m,lH), 1.05 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0; 163.0, 158.7, 154.4, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.1, 114.1, 79.9, 60.4, 57.0, 55.7, 40.5, 33.0, 30.4, 28.7, 26.6, 25.6, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 605.2; elemental analysis: theory C35H48N4O5 + 0.5 H2O C 68.49, H 8.05, N 9.13; found C 68.51, H 8.04, N 8.95
[0230] Compound 71: Phenyl N-cyano-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]-decane-8-carboximidoate
[0231] Compound 72: 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; HRMS: calcd for C25H32N4O4 + H+, 453.24963; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 453.2489; HPLC Retention: 2.7 min.
[0232] Compound 73: tert-bυtyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; HRMS: calcd for C28H37N3O5 + H+, 496.28060; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 496.2807; HPLC Retention: 3.1 min.
[0233] Compound 74: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; HRMS: calcd for C26H32N4O3 + H+, 449.25472; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 449.2550; HPLC Retention: 2.8 min.
[0234] Compound 75: Methyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; HRMS: calcd for C27H33N3O4 + H+, 464.25438; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 464.2550; HPLC Retention: 3.0 min.
[0235] Compound 76: 2-(4-terr-butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C26H35N3O2 + H+, 422.28020; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 422.2810; HPLC Retention: 2.9 min.
[0236] Compound 77: tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)- 1 -methyM-oxo-S- { 2- [4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] ethyl } - 1 ,3 , 8 -triazaspiro [4.5 ] decane- 8 -carboxylate ; HRMS : calcd for C31H38F3N3O4 + H+, 574.28872; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 574.2887; HPLC Retention: 3.5 min.
[0237] Compound 78: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-3-{2-[4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethyl}-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C26H30F3N3O2 + H+, 474.23629; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 474.2371; HPLC Retention: 3.2 min.
[0238] Compound 79: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 8-(methylsulfonyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C26H33N3O4S + H+, 484.22645; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 484.2270; HPLC Retention: 3.0 min.
[0239] Compound 80: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbohydrazide; HRMS: calcd for C27H35N5O3 + H+, 478.28127; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 478.2814; HPLC Retention: 2.9 min.
[0240] Compound 81: 2-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl- 8 -pentanoyl- 1 ,3 , 8 -triazaspiro [4.5 ] decan-4-one ; HRMS : calcd for C29H37F2N3O4 + H+, 530.28249; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 530.2828; HPLC Retention: 3.2 min.
[0241] Compound 82: 8-(cyclopentylcarbonyl)-2-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C30H37F2N3O4 + H+, 542.28249; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 542.2829; HPLC Retention: 3.2 min.
[0242] Compound 83: 8-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C3IH41N3O3 + H+, 504.32207; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 504.3226; HPLC Retention: 3.4 min.
[0243] Compound 84: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; HRMS: calcd for C27H35N5O2 + H+, 462.28635; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 462.2867; HPLC Retention: 3.0 min.
[0244] Compound 85: tert-butyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; HRMS: calcd for C32H45N3O4 + H+, 536.34828; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 536.3487; HPLC Retention: 3.7 min.
[0245] Compound 86: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- Λ^,l-dimethyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; HRMS: calcd for C28H37N5O2 + H+, 476.30200; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 476.3027; HPLC Retention: 3.0 min.
[0246] Compound 87: tert-butyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; HRMS: calcd for C28H37N3O4 + H+, 480.28568; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 480.2863; HPLC Retention: 3.1 min.
[0247] Compound 88: 2-(4-rerr-butylphenyl)-8-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C30H3gN3O3 + H+, 490.30642; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 490.3071; HPLC Retentional min.
[0248] Compound 89: 2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}-N^V- dimethylacetamide; HRMS: calcd for C30H40N4O3 + H+, 505.31732; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 505.3180; HPLC Retention: 3.0 min.
[0249] Compound 90: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l-methyl-8-D-prolyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C31H40N4O3 + H+, 517.31732; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 517.3176; HPLC Retention: 3.0 min.
[0250] Compound 91: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-8-(lH-imidazol-l-ylcarbonyl)- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; ΗRMS: calcd for C30H35N5O3 + H+, 514.28127; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 514.2813; HPLC Retention: 3.1 min.
[0251] Compound 92: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 8-(methylsulfonyl)-l-(trifluoroacetyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C28H32F3N3O5S + H+, 580.20875; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 580.2090; HPLC Retention: 3.2 min.
[0252] Compound 93: 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C25H31N3O2 + H+, 406.24890; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 406.2494; HPLC Retention: 2.6 min.
[0253] Compound 94: 2-(4-te/t-butylphenyl)-8-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; HRMS: calcd for C2sH3gN3O4S + H+, 514.27340; found (ESI, [M+H]+ Obs'd), 514.2740; Retention: 3.2
[0254] Compound 95: l-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
[0255] Compound 96: 2-(4-terr-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4- oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. An alternative name for this compound is tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 7.11 (m, 4H), 6.86 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 4.55 (s, IH), 4.02 (m, IH), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, IH), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.75 (m, 4H), 1.84 (m, IH), 1.66 (m, IH), 1.48 (m, IH), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.32 (s, 9H), 1.30 (m, IH), 1.02 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0; 158.7, 155.0, 132.2, 130.5, 129.7, 128.3, 126.0, 124.8, 120.5, 114.3, 79.9, 71.3, 59.7, 55.6, 42.1, 40.0, 39.8, 34.8, 34.2, 32.9, 31.7, 28.8; MS MH+ = 536.4; elemental analysis: theory C32H45N3O4 + 0.5 H2O C 70.66, H 8.51, N 7.71; found C 70.99, H 8.29, N 7.28
[0256] Compound 97: tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate. 1H- NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8.5Hz), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8.8Hz), 6.77 (d, 2H, J=8.9Hz), 4.23 (s, IH), 3.97 (m, IH), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60 (m, IH), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.36 (, m, IH), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.04 (m, IH); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 155.3, 150.0, 133.6, 130.4, 130.1, 129.7, 125.6, 114.1, 79.6, 76.9, 60.2, 55.6, 40.7, 40.2, 40.0, 38.1, 34.8, 32.9, 32.7, 31.7, 31.4, 28.8, 27.5; MS MH+ = 550.2; elemental analysis: theory C33H47N3O4 C 72.10, H 8.62, N 7.64; found C 72.02, H 8.56, N 7.29
[0257] Compound 98: (S)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 4.60 (b, 2H), 4.54 (s, IH), 3.99 (m, IH), 3.89 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.21 (m, IH), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 158.4, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.2, 114.1, 79.8, 60.3, 55.7, 41.5, 40.5, 40.4, 32.9, 32.6, 30.4, 26.3, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 463.3; elemental analysis: theory C27H34N4O3 C 70.10, H 7.41, N 12.11; found C 70.07, H 7.47, N 12.09.
[0258] Compound 99: (R)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.2Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.6Hz), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.7Hz), 4.60 (b, 2H), 4.54 (s, IH), 3.99 (m, IH), 3.89 (m, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.76 (m, 3H), 1.21 (m, IH), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0; 158.7, 158.4, 146.1, 134.4, 130.5, 130.2, 128.9, 126.2, 114.1, 79.8, 60.3, 55.7, 41.5, 40.5, 40.4, 32.9, 32.6, 30.4, 26.3, 15.6, 10.0, 9.9; MS MH+ = 463.3; elemental analysis: theory C27H34N4O3 C 70.10, H 7.41, N 12.11; found C 70.07, H 7.47, N 12.09.
[0259] Compound 100: 2-(4-terr-Butylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3- phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
[0260] Compound 101: 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-N-ethoxy-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N,l-dimethyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide [0261] HPLC conditions for compounds 72-94 were as follows: Column: BDS Hypersil C8; mobile phase A: 10 mM NH4OAC in 95% water / 5% ACN (pipette 6.67 mL of 7.5 M NH4OAC solution into 4743 mL H2O, then add 250 mL of ACN to the solution and mix.); mobile phase B: 10 mM NH4OAC in 5% water / 95% ACN (pipette 6.67 mL of 7.5 M NH4OAC solution into 243 mL H2O. Then add 4750 mL of ACN to the solution and mix.); flow Rate: 0.800 niL/min; column Temperature: 40 0C; injection Volume: 5 ΞL; UV: monitor 214 nm and 254 nm; gradient table (time (min)/% B): 0.0/0; 2.5/100; 4.0/100; 4.1/0; 5.5/0.
PROCESS
[0262] The present invention further relates to a process for preparing the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention.
[0263] Compounds of the present teachings can be prepared in accordance with the procedures outlined herein, from commercially available starting materials, compounds known in the literature, or readily prepared intermediates, by employing standard synthetic methods and procedures known to those skilled in the art. Standard synthetic methods and procedures for the preparation of organic molecules and functional group transformations and manipulations can be readily obtained from the relevant scientific literature or from standard textbooks in the field. It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions can vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures. Those skilled in the art of organic synthesis will recognize that the nature and order of the synthetic steps presented can be varied for the purpose of optimizing the formation of the compounds described herein.
[0264] The processes described herein can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1H or 13C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high pressure liquid chromatograpy (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), or thin layer chromatography (TLC).
[0265] Preparation of the compounds can involve protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection and the selection of appropriate protecting groups can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Greene et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed. (Wiley & Sons, 1991), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
[0266] The reactions or the processes described herein can be carried out in suitable solvents which can be readily selected by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents typically are substantially nonreactive with the reactants, intermediates, and/or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, i.e., temperatures that can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the particular reaction step, suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected.
[0267] The first aspect of the process of the present invention relates to a process for preparing 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors having the formula:
wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
L and L1 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula: each R19 is independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x and y are each independently 0 or 1. [0268] The 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone formed in this synthesis also can serve as an intermediate for preparing Kv 1.5 potassium channel inhibitors of the present invention having formula (I).
[0269] The first aspect of the process of the present invention comprises the steps of: a) reacting an amine having the fomula:
R-(L)-NH2 with an intermediate having the formula:
or an intermediate having the formula:
wherein Z1 and Z2 are nitrogen protecting groups such that Z1 and Z2 are each removable by a means which does not affect and/or remove the other protecting group and Z1 is capable of forming one or two bonds with nitrogen; to form an amide having the formula:
or the formula:
b) removing the protecting group Z1 to form a mono-protected spirocyclic precursor amine having the formula: c) reacting the mono-protected spirocyclic precursor amine formed in step (b) with an aldehyde having the formula:
R1-^1)— CHO to form a protected 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone having the formula:
d) removing the nitrogen protecting group Z to form the 5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinone Kv 1.5 potassium channel inhibitor having the formula:
[0270] The first step in the process of the present invention, step (a), relates to reacting an amine with a protected intermediate having the formula:
Z1 and Z2 should each be removable by a means which does not affect and/or remove the other protecting group, that is, Z1 and Z2 should be capable of sequential removal. The process for removing Z1 should not effect Z2 and vice versa. Z1 is a protecting group which may form either one or two bonds with the primary amino unit of the intermediate. Examples of single bond protecting groups include benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), tert- butoxycarbonyl (Boc), [(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl (Fmoc), and the like. Examples of two bond protecting groups includes phthalimido. Any suitable single bond protecting group can serve as Z2 provided the means for removing Z1 does not also remove Z2 or vice versa. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Greene et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed. (Wiley & Sons, 1991).
[0271] Step (a) can be conducted in the presence of a solvent, non-limiting examples of which include dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), 1,1- dichloroethane (CHCl2CH3), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and the like.
[0272] A catalyst may be used to activate the intermediate carboxylic acid towards reaction with the amine. Non-limiting examples of suitable catalysts include benzotriazole-2-yl-(oxy-tris-pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), O- (7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI), dicyclodhexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and the like.
[0273] In addition to an optional catalyst, an organic or inorganic base can be utilized to assist in ensuring the reactivity of the amine. Non-limiting examples of organic bases include: triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylamine (DIPA), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), N-methylmorpholine (NMM), pyridine, and s-lutidine. The time and temperature of the reaction can be adjusted by the formulator to achieve optimal yields. These adjustments are within the scope of ordinary conditions which are familiar to the artisan of skill.
[0274] The second step of the process of the present invention relates to the selective removal of the protecting group Z1. This is accomplished in a manner which leaves the Z2 protecting group intact. This differential removal of Z1 can be accomplished by selecting the proper protecting group in the previous steps or purchasing commercially available compounds for use in the present process. This step can be carried out under any conditions which do not change or modify the core structure of the molecule and which leaves the protecting group Z2 intact. A non-limiting example of a group which is removed in this step is 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate "Fmoc" which can removed by heating the intermediate formed in Step (a) in DMF, glyme, diglyme, dioxane, or other high boiling solvent with a catalytic amount of an organic or an inorganic base, non- limiting examples of which include piperidine, morpholine, ethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and the like. Therefore, a protecting group such as "Fmoc" which is removable with base is compatible with Z2 protecting groups which can be removed by acid cleavage, for example, te/t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), or hydrogenolysis, for example, Carbobenzyloxy (Cbz).
[0275] The third step of the process of the present invention relates to the reaction of an aldehyde having the formula:
R1-^1)— CHO with a compound formed in step (b) wherein the Z1 protecting group has been removed to form a protected 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone having the formula:
[0276] In one embodiment, microwave radiation is used to heat the reaction in step (c). The reaction, if conducted in the presence of a solvent, will comprise sufficient solvent to insure complete solution of the reactants. Non-limiting examples of solvents suitable for use include: C1-C6 linear, branched, or cyclic alcohols, inter alia, methanol, ethanol, zsø-propanol, and the like; esters, inter alia, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and the like; halogenated C1-C2 alkanes, inter alia, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2 dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and the like; ethers, inter alia, tetrahydrofuran, diethylether, methyl te/t-butyl ether, and the like.
[0277] In addition to the optional presence of a solvent, an organic or inorganic base can also be used to further the rate of reaction. Non-limiting examples of inorganic bases includes NaHCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, and the like.
[0278] As it relates to the final compounds of the present invention, in the case wherein Z2 serves as a protecting group, as well as a suitable R3 unit, the product of step (c) will result in a KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitor according to the present invention. For example, if Z is a -SO2CH3 unit, this will serve the purpose of protecting the ring nitrogen from reaction and this unit is a R3 as described herein above and claimed herein below.
[0279] The fourth step of the process of the present invention relates to removal of the Z2 protecting group. This step produces compounds wherein R3 is hydrogen. Compounds wherein R3 is hydrogen are both KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors, as well as intermediates for analogs wherein R3 comprises a moiety defined herein above. The conditions under which the R3 group is introduced is dependent upon the structure of the moiety being introduced and the reactivity of the reagent which introduces said moiety. [0280] In one embodiment step (d) is followed by step (e): e) reacting said inhibitor formed in step (d) having the formula:
with a reagent chosen from, for example: i) R16SO2Cl; ii) R4C(O)Cl; iii) BrCH2CONH2; iv) (R5)NC0; v) (R5R6)NC(O)C1; and v) (CHs)3SiNCO; to form a KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitor having the formula:
as described herein above.
[0281] In some embodiments, the 1-position ring nitrogen (R unit) is alkylated prior to removal of the Z protecting group (step (d) above). This embodiment includes: d)(ii) reacting the protected 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinone formed in step (c) above having the formula:
with an alkylating agent to form an N-alkyl-5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinone having the formula:
e)(ii) removing the nitrogen protecting group Z2 from the N-alkyl-5-spirocyclic- 4-imidazolidinone formed in step (d)(ii) to form the 5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinone Kv 1.5 potassium channel inhibitor having the formula:
[0282] Step (d)(ii) utilizes an alkylating agent to introduce R2 when R2 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, or isopropyl). Any alkylating agent is suitable for use, for example, methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, and the like. The reaction can be conducted in the presence of a solvent, in one iteration the solvent is a polar aprotic solvent, inter alia, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the like. A non-nucleophilic organic or inorganic base may be used to activate the compound formed in step (d) toward displacement of the alkylating agent's leaving group. In one embodiment, CsCO3 is used. The reaction can be conducted at any temperature which the artisan finds suitable and adaptable to the relative reactivities of the reagents at hand. In one embodiment, the reaction is conducted in a microwave reactor, however, the formulator may vary the time and temperature which is necessary without undue experimentation.
[0283] The fifth step of the process of the present invention relates to removal of the Z2 protecting group. This step produces compounds wherein R3 is hydrogen. Compounds wherein R3 is hydrogen are both KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors, well as intermediates for analogs wherein R3 comprises a moiety defined herein above. The conditions under which the R3 group is introduced is dependent upon the structure of the moiety being introduced and the reactivity of the reagent which introduces said moiety. [0284] In one embodiment step (e)(ii) is followed by step (f)(ii): f)(ii) reacting said inhibitor formed in step (e)(ii) having the formula:
with a reagent chosen from, for example: i) R16SO2Cl; ϋ) R4C(O)Cl; iϋ) BrCH2CONH2; iv) (R5)NC0; v) (R5R6)NC(O)C1; and v) (CHs)3SiNCO; to form a Kv 1.5 potassium channel inhibitor having the formula:
as described herein above.
Ill ENANTIOMER SEPARATION
[0285] The present invention provides enantiomerically pure R and S enantiomers of the compounds provided herein. Methods of resolving enantiomers are known in the art. For example, a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method can be used to resolve the enantiomers. For example, using a SFC method, compound 7 was resolved into (S)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide and (R)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)- 3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide. 317 mg of Compound 7 (approximately 52% purity) was chromatographed on a Kromasil CN 20 x 250 mm column using 20% MeOH (0.2% dimethylethylamine) 80% CO2 (317 mg in 8 ml, 8 injections) to provide a pure compound. The material was immediately chirally resolved on a Chiralcel OJ-H 20 x 250 mm column using 35% MeOH 65% CO2 to provide the two enantiomers (S)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide (lOOmg, retention time 2.95 min) and (R)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide (96 mg, retention time 5.88 min).
[0286] Compounds listed and described herein have been found in many instances to exhibit activities (IC50) in the assays described or referenced herein at concentrations below 1 micromolar (μM).
[0287] Compounds of the present invention are effective as KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors. Accordingly, compounds of the present invention can be used to prevent or treat conditions that can be affected by inhibition of KvI.5 potassium channel.
[0288] Compounds of the present invention can be used to treat or prevent cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and flutter. In preferred embodiments, compounds of the present invention are capable of inhibiting KvI.5 potassium channels while having little or no inhibitory effect on other ion channels in heart, including for example, ion channels in the ventricles. Accordingly, in particularly preferred embodiments, compounds of the present invention will prevent or treat cardiac arrhythmia while avoiding some of the common complications typically associated with inhibition of ion channels in the heart, including, for example, a prolongation of the QT interval and an increased propensity for life threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
[0289] Compounds of the present invention can be used to treat or prevent atrial arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, as well as conditions associated with atrial arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure.
[0290] Compounds of the present invention can be used to produce long-term, as well as short term maintenance periods free of arrhythmia in patients with persistent or chronic atrial arrhythmias.
[0291] Compounds of the present invention can also be used to prophylacticly treat post surgical atrial arrhthmias.
[0292] Methods of the present invention thus include methods of inhibiting KvI.5 potassium channel; methods of inhibiting KvI.5 potassium channels while having little or no inhibitory effect on other ion channels in heart, including for example, ion channels in the ventricles; methods of treating or preventing cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and flutter; methods for treating or preventing conditions associated with atrial arrhythmias, including, for example, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure; methods for producing long-term, as well as short term maintenance periods free of arrhythmia in patients with persistent or chronic atrial arrhythmias; and methods for prophylacticly treating post surgical atrial arrhthmias. The methods can comprise administering an effective amount of a compound or composition of the present invention to a subject.
[0293] The present invention also relates to the use of the 5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinones according to the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of atrial arrhythmias and related disorders.
[0294] The present invention further relates to forms of the present compounds, which under normal human or higher mammalian physiological conditions, release the compounds described herein. This aspect includes the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the analogs described herein. The formulator, for the purposes of compatibility with delivery mode, excipients, and the like, can select one salt form of the present analogs over another since the compounds themselves are the active species which mitigate the disease processes described herein.
FORMULATIONS
[0295] The present invention also relates to compositions or formulations which comprise the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors according to the present invention. In general, the compositions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones and salts thereof according to the present invention which are effective for providing atrial- selective antiarrhythmia; and one or more excipients.
[0296] For the purposes of the present invention the term "excipient" and "carrier" are used interchangeably throughout the description of the present invention and said terms are defined herein as, "ingredients which are used in the practice of formulating a safe and effective pharmaceutical composition."
[0297] The formulator will understand that excipients are used primarily to serve in delivering a safe, stable, and functional pharmaceutical, serving not only as part of the overall vehicle for delivery but also as a means for achieving effective absorption by the recipient of the active ingredient. An excipient may fill a role as simple and direct as being an inert filler, or an excipient as used herein may be part of a pH stabilizing system or coating to insure delivery of the ingredients safely to the stomach. The formulator can also take advantage of the fact the compounds of the present invention have improved cellular potency, pharmacokinetic properties, as well as improved oral bioavailability.
[0298] The present teachings also provide pharmaceutical compositions that include at least one compound described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents. Examples of such carriers are well known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceutical procedures, such as, for example, those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th edition, ed. Alfonoso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA (1985), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to a substance that is acceptable for use in pharmaceutical applications from a toxicological perspective and does not adversely interact with the active ingredient. Accordingly, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation and are biologically acceptable. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
[0299] Compounds of the present teachings can be administered orally or parenterally, neat or in combination with conventional pharmaceutical carriers. Applicable solid carriers can include one or more substances which can also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aids, binders or tablet-disintegrating agents, or encapsulating materials. The compounds can be formulated in conventional manner, for example, in a manner similar to that used for known antiarrhythmic agents. Oral formulations containing a compound disclosed herein can comprise any conventionally used oral form, including tablets, capsules, buccal forms, troches, lozenges and oral liquids, suspensions or solutions. In powders, the carrier can be a finely divided solid, which is an admixture with a finely divided compound. In tablets, a compound disclosed herein can be mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. The powders and tablets can contain up to 99 % of the compound.
[0300] Capsules can contain mixtures of one or more compound(s) disclosed herein with inert filler(s) and/or diluent(s) such as pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g., corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses (e.g., crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses), flours, gelatins, gums, and the like.
[0301] Useful tablet formulations can be made by conventional compression, wet granulation or dry granulation methods and utilize pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, binding agents, lubricants, disintegrants, surface modifying agents (including surfactants), suspending or stabilizing agents, including, but not limited to, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, polyvinylpyrrolidine, alginic acid, acacia gum, xanthan gum, sodium citrate, complex silicates, calcium carbonate, glycine, sucrose, sorbitol, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium chloride, low melting waxes, and ion exchange resins. Surface modifying agents include nonionic and anionic surface modifying agents. Representative examples of surface modifying agents include, but are not limited to, poloxamer 188, benzalkonium chloride, calcium stearate, cetostearl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, sorbitan esters, colloidal silicon dioxide, phosphates, sodium dodecylsulfate, magnesium aluminum silicate, and triethanolamine. Oral formulations herein can utilize standard delay or time-release formulations to alter the absorption of the compound(s). The oral formulation can also consist of administering a compound disclosed herein in water or fruit juice, containing appropriate solubilizers or emulsifiers as needed.
[0302] Liquid carriers can be used in preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, and for inhaled delivery. A compound of the present teachings can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of both, or a pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fats. The liquid carrier can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, colors, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, and osmo-regulators. Examples of liquid carriers for oral and parenteral administration include, but are not limited to, water (particularly containing additives as described herein, e.g., cellulose derivatives such as a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g., glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (e.g., fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil). For parenteral administration, the carrier can be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate. Sterile liquid carriers are used in sterile liquid form compositions for parenteral administration. The liquid carrier for pressurized compositions can be halogenated hydrocarbon or other pharmaceutically acceptable propellants. [0303] Liquid pharmaceutical compositions, which are sterile solutions or suspensions, can be utilized by, for example, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions can also be administered intravenously. Compositions for oral administration can be in either liquid or solid form.
[0304] Preferably the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form, for example, as tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, or suppositories. In such form, the pharmaceutical composition can be sub-divided in unit dose(s) containing appropriate quantities of the compound. The unit dosage forms can be packaged compositions, for example, packeted powders, vials, ampoules, prefilled syringes or sachets containing liquids. Alternatively, the unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any such compositions in package form. Such unit dosage form can contain from about 1 mg/kg of compound to about 500 mg/kg of compound, and can be given in a single dose or in two or more doses. Such doses can be administered in any manner useful in directing the compound(s) to the recipient's bloodstream, including orally, via implants, parenterally (including intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections), rectally, vaginally, and transdermally.
[0305] When administered for the treatment or inhibition of a particular disease state or disorder, it is understood that an effective dosage can vary depending upon the particular compound utilized, the mode of administration, and severity of the condition being treated, as well as the various physical factors related to the individual being treated. In therapeutic applications, a compound of the present teachings can be provided to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially ameliorate the symptoms of the disease and its complications. The dosage to be used in the treatment of a specific individual typically must be subjectively determined by the attending physician. The variables involved include the specific condition and its state as well as the size, age and response pattern of the patient.
[0306] In some cases it may be desirable to administer a compound directly to the airways of the patient, using devices such as, but not limited to, metered dose inhalers, breath-operated inhalers, multidose dry-powder inhalers, pumps, squeeze-actuated nebulized spray dispensers, aerosol dispensers, and aerosol nebulizers. For administration by intranasal or intrabronchial inhalation, the compounds of the present teachings can be formulated into a liquid composition, a solid composition, or an aerosol composition. The liquid composition can include, by way of illustration, one or more compounds of the present teachings dissolved, partially dissolved, or suspended in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvents and can be administered by, for example, a pump or a squeeze-actuated nebulized spray dispenser. The solvents can be, for example, isotonic saline or bacteriostatic water. The solid composition can be, by way of illustration, a powder preparation including one or more compounds of the present teachings intermixed with lactose or other inert powders that are acceptable for intrabronchial use, and can be administered by, for example, an aerosol dispenser or a device that breaks or punctures a capsule encasing the solid composition and delivers the solid composition for inhalation. The aerosol composition can include, by way of illustration, one or more compounds of the present teachings, propellants, surfactants, and co-solvents, and can be administered by, for example, a metered device. The propellants can be a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA), or other propellants that are physiologically and environmentally acceptable.
[0307] Compounds described herein can be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally. Solutions or suspensions of these compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or esters thereof can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxyl-propylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations typically contain a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
[0308] The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injection can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In some embodiments, the form can sterile and its viscosity permits it to flow through a syringe. The form preferably is stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and can be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
[0309] Compounds described herein can be administered transdermally, i.e., administered across the surface of the body and the inner linings of bodily passages including epithelial and mucosal tissues. Such administration can be carried out using the compounds of the present teachings including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or esters thereof, in lotions, creams, foams, patches, suspensions, solutions, and suppositories (rectal and vaginal).
[0310] Transdermal administration can be accomplished through the use of a transdermal patch containing a compound, such as a compound disclosed herein, and a carrier that can be inert to the compound, can be non-toxic to the skin, and can allow delivery of the compound for systemic absorption into the blood stream via the skin. The carrier can take any number of forms such as creams and ointments, pastes, gels, and occlusive devices. The creams and ointments can be viscous liquid or semisolid emulsions of either the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type. Pastes comprised of absorptive powders dispersed in petroleum or hydrophilic petroleum containing the compound can also be suitable. A variety of occlusive devices can be used to release the compound into the blood stream, such as a semi-permeable membrane covering a reservoir containing the compound with or without a carrier, or a matrix containing the compound. Other occlusive devices are known in the literature.
[0311] Compounds described herein can be administered rectally or vaginally in the form of a conventional suppository. Suppository formulations can be made from traditional materials, including cocoa butter, with or without the addition of waxes to alter the suppository's melting point, and glycerin. Water-soluble suppository bases, such as polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights, can also be used.
[0312] Lipid formulations or nanocapsules can be used to introduce compounds of the present teachings into host cells either in vitro or in vivo. Lipid formulations and nanocapsules can be prepared by methods known in the art. [0313] To increase the effectiveness of compounds of the present teachings, it can be desirable to combine a compound with other agents effective in the treatment of the target disease. For example, other active compounds (i.e., other active ingredients or agents) effective in treating the target disease can be administered with compounds of the present teachings. The other agents can be administered at the same time or at different times than the compounds disclosed herein.
[0314] Compounds of the present teachings can be useful for the treatment or inhibition of a pathological condition or disorder in a mammal, for example, a human subject. The present teachings accordingly provide methods of treating or inhibiting a pathological condition or disorder by providing to a mammal a compound of the present teachings inclding its pharmaceutically acceptable salt) or a pharmaceutical composition that includes one or more compounds of the present teachings in combination or association with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Compounds of the present teachings can be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutically effective compounds or therapies for the treatment or inhibition of the pathological condition or disorder.
[0315] Non-limiting examples of compositions according to the present invention include from about 0.001 mg to about 1000 mg of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4- imidazolidinones according to the present invention and one or more excipients; from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones according to the present invention and one or more excipients; and from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg of one or more 5-spirocyclic-4-imidazolidinones according to the present invention; and one or more excipients.
PROCEDURES
[0316] The following procedures can be utilized in evaluating and selecting compounds as the KvI.5 potassium channel inhibitors.
FLIPR L-type Calcium Channel Assay1'2 [0317] HL-I cells expressing endogenous L-type calcium channels are removed from culture flasks using trypsin, plated on fibronectin/gelatin-coated, clear-bottomed, black- walled 96- well microplates in Claycomb media (JRH Biosciences #51800) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 4 mM L-glutamine, and 10 μM norepinephrine, and grown to confluency overnight. The next day, growth medium is aspirated from confluent cell monolayers and replaced with 100 μL per well Tyrode's solution (in mM: 130 NaCl, 4 KCl, 1.8 CaCl2, 1.0 MgCl2, 20 HEPES, 10 glucose, pH 7.35) and 50 μL per well FLIPR Calcium Assay kit, component A (#R-8033, Molecular Devices Corporation) and incubated for 60 min. in a 5% CO2 37° C incubator. 50 μL per well test compounds are added to the plates and further incubated for 15 min. in a 5% CO2 37° C incubator. All final solutions contain the anion exchange inhibitor, probenecid (2.5 mM). The 96- well plates are then placed in the center position of the FLIPR l(Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader, Molecular Devices Corporation). Cell monolayers in each well are simultaneously illuminated at 488 nm with an Argon ion laser, and fluorescence emission is monitored using a 510-570 nm bandpass filter and a cooled CCD camera. To depolarize the plasma membrane and activate L-type calcium channels, 50μL per well of 20 mM KCl (final concentration) are dispensed simultaneously to all 96 wells using the FLIPR' s automatic 96-well pipettor. Fluorescence measurements are captured for 5 min. following KCl addition. Calcium influx, expressed as % control, is calculated for each concentration of test compound and concentration-response curves and IC50 values are generated using GraphPad Prism 4.0.
KvI.5 Patch Clamp EP
[0318] KvI .5 currents are recorded by the whole cell mode of patch clamp electrophysiology.1 KvI.5 is stably over expressed in either HEK or LTK- cells. Microelectrodes are pulled from borosilicate glass (TW150) and heat polished (tip resistance, 1.5 to 3 megaohms). The external solution is standard Tyrodes solution. The internal (microelectrode) solution contained: 110 mM KCl, 5 mM K^ATP, 5 mM
K4BAPTA, 1 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH. Command potentials are applied for 1 second to +6OmV from a holding potential of -70 mV using Axon software (pClamp 8.1) and hardware (Axopatch ID, 200B). Compounds are prepared as 10-2OmM DMSO stocks and diluted to appropriate test concentrations. After stable currents are achieved, compounds are perfused onto the cells and the cells are pulsed every 5 seconds until no further changes in current are evident at a given compound concentration. Inhibition was measured at the end of the 1 second pulses and expressed relative to controls. Initial KvI.5 inhibition is estimated by single point determinations done at lμM. Concentration response curves are generated for appropriate compounds utilizing at least four concentrations and an n = 3. Curve fitting and IC50 estimating are done using Graphpad software (Ver. 4).
HERG Patch Clamp EP
[0319] HERG currents are recorded by the whole cell mode of patch clamp electrophysiology as described by Hamill et al.3 HERG is stably over expressed in HEK cells. Microelectrodes are pulled from borosilicate glass (TW150) and heat polished (tip resistance, 1.5 to 3 megaohms). The external solution is standard Tyrodes solution. The internal (microelectrode) solution contained: 110 mM KCl, 5 mM K^ATP, 5 mM
K4BAPTA, 1 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH. Command potentials are applied for 2 seconds to +2OmV from a holding potential of -80 mV using Axon software (pClamp 8.1) and hardware (Axopatch ID, 200B). Tail currents are generated by returning to -4OmV for 2 seconds. Compounds are prepared as 10-2OmM DMSO stocks and diluted to appropriate test concentrations. After stable currents are achieved, compounds are perfused onto the cells and the cells are pulsed every 20 seconds until no further changes in current are evident at a given compound concentration. Inhibition of HERG is measured at the peak of the tail currents and expressed relative to controls. Initial HERG activity is estimated by single point determinations run at lOμM. Concentration response curves are generated for appropriate compounds utilizing at least four concentrations and an n = 3. Curve fitting and IC50 estimating are done using Graphpad software (Ver. 4). (Claycomb et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998 Marl7; 95(6): 2979-84; Xia M et al., /. MoL Cell Cardiol, 204 Jan; 3(1): 111-9; Hamill et ah, Pflugers Archiv. 391:85, 1981).
[0320] Results for representative compounds according to the present invention are listed in Table XIV below.
Table XIV
KvLS Patch Clamp EP as described herein
2FLIPR L-type Calcium Channel Assay as described herein
3HERG Patch Clamp EP as described herein
[0321] The following are additional methods that can be used to determine the suitability of the compounds of the present invention for use as Kvl.5 potassium channel inhibitors.
In Vivo Test [0322] Vehicle: Compounds are dissolved to a final concentration of 20-50 mg/ml, first in dimethyl acetamide (DMAC) then adding the balance of propylene glycol 200 (PEG200) for a ratio of DMAC/PEG200 (1:4).
[0323] Guinea Pig:(400-600g) The animals are induced and maintained at a surgical plane of anesthesia with isoflurane at 1.5-2%. An incision is made in the neck and the carotid and jugular are isolated. Transducer-tipped catheters are introduced into the aorta and the left ventricle. A line for compound infusion is placed in the jugular. After 30 minutes for stabilization of the preparation the first dose is infused over 15 minutes followed by 10 minutes recovery before the pattern is repeated for the second and third doses. The animal is monitored continuously for heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, left ventricular pressure, the first derivative of LV pressure maximum and minimum, body temperature and exhaled Pco2.
[0324] Miniswine: The animals are induced with an EVI injection of ketamine/xylazine followed briefly by 1-1.5% isoflurane if needed for introduction of a line into the vena cava in the neck. Following intubation, anesthesia is maintained with IV pentobarbital alone with boluses given every 30 minutes during the study. Two electrode-tipped catheters are introduced via the jugular, one into the right atrium and the other into the right ventricle. The carotid artery is isolated and a transducer-tipped catheter introduced into the left ventricle. An incision in the groin is used to access the femoral artery and vein. The artery is cannulated to monitor arterial pressure at the lower aorta and the vein is cannulated with an electrode-tipped catheter advanced into the right atrium. An incision is made above the fourth intercostal space and the ribs separated for access to the heart. The pericardium is opened and the left atrium is loosely clamped to the chest wall. A sensing and two pacing electrodes are placed on the atrium. The arterial pressure, ECG, LV pressure, atrial electrogram, body temperature, and exhaled Pco2 are monitored continuously.
[0325] When the surgical preparation is stable, baseline effective refractory periods (ERPs) are determined at paced rates of 150, 200, 240, and 300 beats per minute from the right and left atriums, and the right ventricle. Compound is then infused over 15 minutes and the ERP determinations are repeated starting at the 12th minute of the infusion. The animal is allowed to stabilize, then about 15 minutes after the first dose a second dose is given over 15 minutes followed by ERPs. A third dose may be given. After the final dose the ERPs are determined every 15 minutes until the values are back at baseline. Blood samples are collected at baseline, at the end of each dose, and 15 minutes after the final dose.
[0326] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A compound having formula (I):
(I) wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted
C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23, wherein R23 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10 wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 1160; wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-Cg linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R 1 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula:
-[C(R19)2]n- whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
2. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein R1 is para-substituted phenyl.
3. The compound according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein R is para-substituted phenyl.
4. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is phenyl optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, -OR20, -CN, -N(R20)2, -CO2R20, - C(O)N(R20)2, -NR20C(O)R20, -NO2, or -SO2R20; each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycle, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or two R20 units can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S.
5. The compound according to Claim 4 wherein the optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, and heteoraryl groups are optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from -OR22; -C(O)R22; -C(O)OR22 ; -C(O)N(R22)2;-N(R22)2; -NR22COR22; halogen; C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl; -SO2R22; -SO2N(R22)2; C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; C3-C6 cycloalkyl; cyano; or nitro wherein two R22 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms or each R22 is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched, alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
6. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3- fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5- trifluorophenyl, 2,3,6-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, 3,4,5- trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4- dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,5- dichlorophenyl, 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,6-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,5- trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, or 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl.
7. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is 2-methylphenyl, 3- methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5- dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3,4- trimethylphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 2,3-diethylphenyl, 2,4-diethylphenyl, 2,5-diethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 3,4- diethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 2,3,4-triethylphenyl, 2,3,5-triethylphenyl, 2,3,6- triethylphenyl, 2,4,5-triethylphenyl, 2,4,6-triethylphenyl, or 3,4,5-triethylphenyl.
8. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is 2-cyclopropylphenyl, 3- cyclopropylphenyl, 4-cyclopropylphenyl, 2-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 3- (cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 4-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 2-z,rø-butylphenyl, 3-iso- butylphenyl, 4-z.rø-butylphenyl, 2-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-te/t-butylphenyl, 4-te/t-butylphenyl, 2-cyclobutylphenyl, 3-cyclobutylphenyl, 4-cyclobutylphenyl, 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, or 4-(cyclobutyl-methyl)phenyl.
9. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is 2-methoxyphenyl, 3- methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethoxy-phenyl, 2,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, A- hydroxyphenyl, 2,3-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,6- dihydroxyphenyl, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl, 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trihydroxy-phenyl, 2,3,6-trihydroxyphenyl, 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl, or 2,4,6- trihydroxy-phenyl .
10. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is 2-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-fluoromethoxyphenyl, A- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2,4-bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4- bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5- bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5-bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, or 3,5- bis (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl .
11. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is 2-cyanophenyl, 3- cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2,3-dicyanophenyl, 2,4-dicyanophenyl, 2,5-dicyanophenyl, 2,6-dicyanophenyl, 3,4-dicyanophenyl, 3,5-dicyanophenyl, 2,3,4-tricyanophenyl, 2,3,5- tricyanophenyl, 2,3,6-tricyanophenyl, 2,4,5-tricyanophenyl, 3,4,5-tricyanophenyl, 2,4,6- tricyanophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-4-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-3-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dimethyl- 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-te/t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl, 2,6- difluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl, 2,6- dihydroxy-4-te/t-butylphenyl, or 2,6-difluoro-4-cyanophenyl.
12. The compound according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein R is 2-aminophenyl, 2-(N- methylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 2-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, 2-(N,N- diethylamino)phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-(iV-methylamino)phenyl, 3-(NJV- dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(iV-ethylamino)phenyl, 3-(iV,iV-diethylamino)phenyl, A- aminophenyl, 4-(N-meihylamino)phenyl, 4-(iV,iV-dimethylamino)phenyl, 4-(N- ethylamino)phenyl, or 4-(N,N-dieihylamino)phenyl.
13. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 or 3 to 12 wherein R1 is phenyl optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl, -OR21, -CN, -N(R21)2, -CO2R21, -C(O)N(R21)2, -NR21C(O)R21, -NO2, and - SO2R21; each R21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycle, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or two R21 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms.
14. The compound according to Claim 13 wherein the optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyle and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from -OR22; -C(O)R22; -C(O)OR22 ; -C(O)N(R22)2;-N(R22)2; - NR22COR22; halogen; C1-C4 linear or branched haloalkyl; -SO2R22; -SO2N(R22)2; C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; C3-Cs cycloalkyl; cyano; or nitro wherein two R22 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms or each R22 is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or C3-Cs cycloalkyl.
15. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 or 3 to 12 wherein R1 is phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4- trifluorophenyl, 2,3,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,6-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,4,6- trifluorophenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3,4- dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,3,6- trichlorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, or 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl.
16. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 or 3 to 12 wherein R1 is 2- methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,3,4- trimethylphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 3-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 2,3-diethylphenyl, 2,4-diethylphenyl, 2,5-diethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 3,4- diethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, 2,3,4-triethylphenyl, 2,3,5-triethylphenyl, 2,3,6- triethylphenyl, 2,4,5-triethylphenyl, 2,4,6-triethylphenyl, 3,4,5-triethylphenyl 2- isopropylphenyl, 3-isopropylphenyl, or 4-isopropylphenyl.
17. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 or 3 to 12 wherein R1 is 2- cyclopropylphenyl, 3-cyclopropylphenyl, 4-cyclopropyl-phenyl, 2- (cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)phenyl, 4-(cyclopropyl-methyl)phenyl, 2-z.rø-butylphenyl, 3-z,SO-butylphenyl, 4-z.rø-butylphenyl, 2-te/t-butylphenyl, 3-tert- butylphenyl, 4-te/t-butylphenyl, 2-cyclobutylphenyl, 3-cyclobutylphenyl, A- cyclobutylphenyl, 2-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, 3-(cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl, or A- (cyclobutylmethyl)phenyl .
18. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 or 3 to 12 wherein R1 is 2- methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4- dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 2- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-fluoromethoxyphenyl, 3- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-fluoromethoxyphenyl, A- difluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2,4-bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4- bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, 2,4-bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5- bis(fluoromethoxy)phenyl, 3,5-bis(difluoromethoxy)phenyl, or 3,5- bis (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl .
19. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 18 wherein R2 is-C(O)R23, wherein R23 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
20. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 18 wherein R is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
21. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 18 wherein R2 is methyl.
22. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 18 wherein R2 is ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl.
23. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)NR5R6 and R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7, wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or e) -NR8R9, wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S.
24. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl, cyclopropyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or cycloheptyl.
25. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)NHCH2CH3, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH2CH3)2, -C(O)N(CH3)2, or -C(O)NH[CH(CH3)2].
26. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is-C(0)NH2, or -C(O)NHCH3.
27. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)NR6OR7 or -C(O)NR6NR8R9 wherein R6 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso- propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl; R7 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl; and R8 and R9 are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl, n-butyl, sec- butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec- butoxy, iso-butoxy, tert-butoxy or hydroxyl.
28. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)NR5R6, and R5 and R6 are taken together to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms.
29. The compound according to Claim 28 wherein R5 and R6 are taken together to form a ring selected from aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, 4- methylpiperazin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, or piperidin-1-yl.
30. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(NR1 X)R12, wherein R11 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, hydroxyl, or cyano; and R12 is methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, -OR13, or -NR14R15, wherein R13 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl , n- butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, or phenyl; and R14 and R15 are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec- butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl.
31. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -SO2R16 and R16 is phenyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, or tert-butyl.
32. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)R17, wherein R17 is C1-C5 heteroaryl.
33. The compound according to Claim 32 wherein R17 is selected from triazinyl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, imidazol-1-yl, lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-imidazol-4-yl, isoxazolin- 5-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, or pyridin-4-yl.
34. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)OR18, wherein R18 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, or tert-butyl.
35. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)OCH2CH3, -C(O)OCH(CH3)2, or -C(O)OC(CH3)3.
36. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 22 wherein R3 is -C(O)R4, wherein R4 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zsø-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso- butyl, or tert-butyl.
37. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein x is 1 and L is - CH2CH2-.
38. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein x is 1 and L is - CH2CH2CH2-.
39. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein x is 1 and L is - CH2-.
40. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein x is 0.
41. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein y is 1 and L1 is - CH2-.
42. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein y is 0.
43. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein z is 1 and L is - CH2-.
44. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein z is 0.
45. The compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 36 wherein x is 1, y is 0 and z is O.
46. The compound according to Claim 45 wherein L is -CH2CH2-.
47. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein:
R3 is hydrogen, -C(O)R4; -C(O)NR5R6, -C(O)NR5OR7; -C(O)NR5NR8R9, -C(NR1 X)R12, -SO2R16, -C(O)OR18, or -C(O)R17; R4 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl;
R5 is hydrogen, -CH3, -CH2CH3, or -CH(CH3)2;
R6 is hydrogen, -CH3, or -CH2CH3; or
R5 and R6 are taken together to form aziridin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 4-(methyl)piperazin- 1 -yl, morpholin-4-yl;
R7 is hydrogen, -CH3, o T-CH2CH3,
R8 is hydrogen;
R9 is hydrogen, -C(O)OCH3, or -C(O)OC(CH3)3;
R11 is OH, or -CN;
R12 -NH2, -CH3, or -NR14R15;
R14 is hydrogen, CH3, or phenyl;
R15 is hydrogen, CH3, or phenyl;
R16 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, or -C6H5;
R18 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, -C6H5, or -C(CH3)3; and
R17 is imidazolin-1-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl.
48. The compound according to claim 47 wherein R is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
49. The compound according to claim 48 wherein R2 is methyl.
50. The compound according to claim 48 or 49 wherein R and R1 are independently selected from phenyl optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl, - OR20, -CN, -N(R20)2, -CO2R20, -C(O)N(R20)2, -NR20C(O)R20, -NO2, or -SO2R20; each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; or two R20 units can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S.
51. The compound according to any one of Claims 48 to 50 wherein R and R1 are each para-substituted.
52. The compound according to any one of Claims 48 to 51 wherein R and R1 are independently selected from 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, A- cyclopropylphenyl, 4-diethylaminophenyl, 4-difluoromethoxyphenyl, phenyl, or A-tert- butylphenyl.
53. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 37 to 52 wherein R3 is hydrogen, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NH[CH(CH3)2], -C(O)NHCH2CH3, -C(O)N(CH2CH3), -C(O)OCH3, - C(O)OCH2CH3, -C(O)OCH(CH3)2, -C(O)OC(CH3)3, -C(O)NHOH, -C(O)NHOCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)OCH3, -C(O)NHNH2, -C(O)NHOCH2CH3, -C(O)NCH3OCH3, -C(O)NHNHC(O)OCH3, -C(O)NHNHC(O)OC(CH3)3, -C(NCN)NH2, -C(NCN)NHCH3, -C(NCN)NHC6H5, -C(O)aziridin-l-yl, -C(O)azetidin-l-yl, -C(O)pyrrolidin-l-yl, -C(O)piperidin-l-yl, -C(O)piperazin-l-yl, -C(O)morpholin-4-yl, -C(O)imidazolin-l-yl, -C(O)isoxazolin-5-yl, -SO2CH3, -SO2CH2CH3, -SO2CH(CH3)2, or SO2C6H5.
54. The compound according to Claim 1 having formula (X):
(X) wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ϋ) C1-C6 linear or iϋ) -OR20; iv) -CN; v) -N(R20)2; vi) -CO2R20; vii) -C(O)N(R20)2; viii) -NR20C(O)R20; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R20; wherein each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R20 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; R1 is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ϋ) C1-C6 linear or iϋ) -OR21; iv) -CN; v) -N(R21)2; vi) -CO2R21; vii) -C(O)N(R21)2; viii) -NR21C(O)R21; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R21; wherein each R21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R21 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; and R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
55. The compound according to Claim 1 having the formula (XI):
(XI) wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -OR20; iv) -CN; v) -N(R20)2; vi) -CO2R20; vii) -C(O)N(R20)2; viii) -NR20C(O)R20; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R20; wherein each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R20 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; R1 is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ϋ) C1-C6 linear or iϋ) -OR21; iv) -CN; v) -N(R21)2; vi) -CO2R21; vii) -C(O)N(R21)2; viii) -NR21C(O)R21; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R21; wherein each R21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R21 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; and R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10 wherin R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together to from a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
56. The compound according to Claim 1 having the formula (XII) or (XIII):
(XII) (Xiπ) wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iϋ) -OR20; iv) -CN; v) -N(R20)2; vi) -CO2R20; vii) -C(O)N(R20)2; viii) -NR20C(O)R20; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R20; each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear, branched, alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R20 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iϋ) -OR21; iv) -CN; v) -N(R21)2; vi) -CO2R21; vii) -C(O)N(R21)2; viii) -NR21C(O)R21; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R21; wherein each R21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substitued C1-C6 1 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R21 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; and R5 and R6 are each independently selected from a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) C3-C7 cyclic alkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10 wherein R10 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together to from a ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
57. The i compound according to Claim 1 having the formula (XXII):
(xxπ) wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN;
R12 is a) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or phenyl; or c) -NR14R15; and R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
58. The compound according to Claim 1 having the formula (XVI):
(XVI) wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ii) C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iϋ) -OR20; iv) -CN; v) -N(R20)2; vi) -CO2R20; vii) -C(O)N(R20)2; viii) -NR20C(O)R20; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R20; each R20 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R20 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; R1 is optionally substituted phenyl, said substitution selected from i) halogen; ϋ) C1-C6 linear or iϋ) -OR21; iv) -CN; v) -N(R21)2; vi) -CO2R21; vii) -C(O)N(R21)2; viii) -NR21C(O)R21; ix) -NO2; or x) -SO2R21; wherein each R21 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R21 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising from 3-7 ring atoms; and
R18 is C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
59. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from -OR22; -C(O)R22; -C(O)OR22 ; -C(O)N(R22)2; -N(R22)2; -NR22COR22; halogen; C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl; -SO2R22; -SO2N(R22)2; C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl; C3-C6 cycloalkyl; cyano; or nitro wherein two R22 units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 3-7 rriinngg aattoommss oorr eeaacchh RR2222 iiss iinnddeeppeennddeennttllyy hhyyddrrooggeenn,, C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched haloalkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl.
60. The compound according to Claim 1 wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, halogen, or C1-C6 haloalkyl.
61. A compound according to Claim 1 wherein the optionally substituted heterocyle and optionally substituted heteroaryl groups are independently selected from optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, optionally substituted aziridinyl, optionally substituted azetidinyl, optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, optionally substituted piperazinyl, optionally substituted morpholinyl, optionally substituted piperidinyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted isoxazolinyl, optionally substituted furanyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl, optionally substituted triazinyl, or optionally substituted thiazolyl.
62. A compound according to Claim 1 wherein the optionally susbstituted heterocycle of R4 is pyrrolidinyl; the optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms of R5 and R6 is aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, morpholinyl or piperidinyl; and the optionally substituted heteroaryl of R17 is imidazolyl, isoxazolinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, triazinyl, or thiazolyl.
63. A compound of claim 1 that is: -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -Cyclopropylcarbonyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -Cyclopropylcarbonyl-2-(4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)- ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid methyl amide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-8-(piperidine- 1 - carbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -[4-(Diethylamino)phenyl]-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo- 1,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid ethyl amide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid isopropylamide; 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid isopropylamide; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid dimethylamide; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid diethylamide; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-8-(azetidin- 1 - ylcarbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-8-[(4- methylpiperazin-l-yl)carbonyl]-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-8-(pyrrolidin- 1 - yl-carbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-8-(morpholin-4- yl-carbonyl)-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-N-methoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4- oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; tert-Butyl 2-({2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4- oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}carbonyl)hydrazine carboxylate; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-N-hydroxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4- oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-N-ethoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N,l-dimethyl-4- oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-N-methoxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N,l-dimethyl-
4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; Phenyl N-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbimidate; (E)-N'-cyano-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; 2- (4-Cyclopropylphenyl) - 8 -methanesulf onyl- 3 - [2- (4-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl] - 1 - methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 - methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 - methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; Ethyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; Isopropyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; tert-Butyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; tert-Butyl 2-(A- rerr-butylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; te/t-Butyl 2-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4- oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; tert-EutyX 2-(4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-
4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; Methyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-8-(isoxazol-5-yl-carbonyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]- decan-4-one; 8-Acetyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decan-4-one; 8-Cyclopropanecarbonyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l-methyl- l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one; 8-Cyclopropanecarbonyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l-methyl- l,3,8-triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; -(4-fcrr-Butylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-fcrr-Butylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid methylamide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid isopropyl amide; -(4-Cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro-
[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid dimethylamide; - (4-Cyclopropylphenyl) - 8 -methanesulf onyl- 1 -methyl-3 - (3 -phenylpropyl) -1,3,8- triazaspiro-[4.5]decan-4-one; -{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza- spiro [4.5 ] dec- 8 -yl } acetamide ; -cyclopropylmethyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-l- methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; - { 2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl} acetamide; -(4-rerr-Butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; -(4-rerr-Butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; -(4-rerr-Butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; (2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}-l,l-dimethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester; 8-(2-Amino-2-methylpropionyl)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxy- phenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 8-Acetyl-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; Λ^-cyano-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; l-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid te/t-butyl ester; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
64. A compound of claim 1 that is:
(E)-N'-cyano-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)- 1 -methyl-4-oxo-3- { 2-[4-
(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethyl}-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8- carboxylate; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-l-methyl-3-{2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethyl}- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbohydrazide; 2- [4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl] - 3 - [2- (4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl- 8 - pentanoyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 8-(cyclopentylcarbonyl)-2-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 8-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 - methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; tert-butyl 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-N,l-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] -N', 1 -dimethyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboximidamide; 2-{2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl}-N,N-dimethylacetamide; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-8-D-prolyl- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-8-(lH-imidazol-l-ylcarbonyl)-3-[2-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; or 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] -8-(methylsulfonyl)- 1 -
(trifluoroacetyl)-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; phenyl N-cyano-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-
4-oxo-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]-decane-8-carboximidoate; tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] - 1 -methyl-4-oxo- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; (S)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; (R)-2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l-methyl-4-oxo-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid amide; triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
65. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds according to any one of Claims 1 to 64 and one or more excipients.
66. A method for treating or preventing atrial antiarrhythmia comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to formula (I):
(D wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23, wherein R23 is optionally substituted
C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 16. wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula: whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof; to a subject.
67. A method for preventing or treating thromboembolism, stroke, or cardiac failure comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to formula (I): (D wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23, wherein R23 is optionally substituted
C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; v) -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R16; wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula:
-[C(R19)2]n- whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1 ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof; to a subject.
68. Use of a compound according to formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament:
(D wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23, wherein R23 is optionally substituted
C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; v) -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and
R12 Is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 16 wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R 117'; wherein R17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula: whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently O or 1; rmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
9. Use of a compound according to formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament r treating or preventing atrial antiarrhythmia:
(I) wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23, wherein R23 is optionally substituted
C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 1160; wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R 1 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula:
-[C(R19)2]n- whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1 ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
70. Use of a compound according to formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating thromboembolism, stroke, or cardiac failure:
(D wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl or -C(O)R23, wherein R23 is optionally substituted
C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; v) -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 1160; wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R 1 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula:
-[C(R19)2]n- whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
71. A compound having formula (I):
(D wherein R is optionally substituted phenyl;
R1 is optionally substituted phenyl;
R2 is hydrogen;
R3 is selected from: i) hydrogen; ii) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; iii) -C(O)R4; wherein R4 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycle, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; iv) -C(O)NR5R6; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently selected from: a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; c) optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl; d) -OR7; wherein R7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; e) -NR8R9; wherein R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkoxy, -OH, or -CO2R10, wherein R10 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl; or R8 and R9 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; or f) R5 and R6 can be taken together with the atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms and optionally containing one or more additional heteroatom ring atoms independently selected from N, O,or S; -C(NR1 X)R12; wherein R11 is a) hydrogen; b) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; c) -OH; or d) -CN; and R12 is a) optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; b) -OR13; wherein R13 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; or c) -NR14R15; wherein R14 and R15 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-Cs cycloalkyl; vi) -SO2R 1160; wherein R16 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl; vii) -C(O)R17; wherein R 1 17 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; or viii) -C(O)OR18; wherein R18 is optionally substituted C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl; L, L1, and L2 are linking units each independently a unit having the formula:
-[C(R19)2]n- whrein each R19 is, at each occurrence, independently chosen from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 1 to 4; and x, y, and z are each independently 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
72. The compound of claim 71 wherein R3 is hydrogen, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)cyclopropyl, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)2, -C(O)NH[CH(CH3)2],
-C(O)NHCH2CH3, -C(O)N(CH2CH3), -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)OCH2CH3, -C(O)OCH(CH3)2, -C(O)OC(CH3)3, -C(O)NHOH, -C(O)NHOCH3, -C(O)N(CH3)OCH3, -C(O)NHNH2, -C(O)NHOCH2CH3, -C(O)NCH3OCH3, -C(O)NHNHC(O)OCH3, -C(O)NHNHC(O)OC(CH3)3, -C(NCN)NH2, -C(NCN)NHCH3, -C(NCN)NHC6H5, -C(O)aziridin-l-yl, -C(O)azetidin-l-yl, -C(O)pyrrolidin-l-yl, -C(O)piperidin-l-yl, -C(O)piperazin-l-yl, -C(O)morpholin-4-yl, -C(O)imidazolin-l-yl, -C(O)isoxazolin-5-yl, -SO2CH3, -SO2CH2CH3, -SO2CH(CHs)2, or SO2C6H5.
73. The compound of claim 71 that is 2-(4-Diethylaminophenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-meihoxyphenyl)eihyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; 2-(4-Difluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester; tert-butyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxamide; methyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-
4-one; 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-8-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; tert-butyl 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-8-(methylsulfonyl)-l,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; tert-butyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)- 1 ,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-8-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; or 2-(4-cyclopropylphenyl)-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]- 1,3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one; tert-butyl 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-oxo-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-l, 3,8- triazaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate; 2-(4-rerr-Butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-methyoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-l,3,8-triaza- spiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester;
2-(4-rerr-Butylphenyl)-8-methanesulfonyl-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-l,3,8- triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof.
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