EP2018272B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'impression d'un substrat - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif d'impression d'un substrat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2018272B1 EP2018272B1 EP07725173A EP07725173A EP2018272B1 EP 2018272 B1 EP2018272 B1 EP 2018272B1 EP 07725173 A EP07725173 A EP 07725173A EP 07725173 A EP07725173 A EP 07725173A EP 2018272 B1 EP2018272 B1 EP 2018272B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- colours
- decoration
- substrate
- colour
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
- B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/0057—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material where an intermediate transfer member receives the ink before transferring it on the printing material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for printing a substrate according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from the document US 2005/219293 A1 known.
- the substrate is printed indirectly, usually by transferring the decorative motifs and colors of the respective printing forme on a suitable transfer roller, such as from DE 10 2004 037 892 B3 is known.
- decor patterns usually divided into motif-related partial prints or sub-images and produce on this basis printing forms for dosing the quantities of ink to be printed.
- Such partial images are also called separations below.
- Techniques for mechanical and control technology synchronization of the individual partial images, so that the entire decor is created by superposition of these, are known in the art.
- pressure-formless processes such as inkjet technology
- inkjet technology can be used for true-to-the-original decorative reproduction when the decoration to be printed is separated into separations suitable for color and motif and then printed separately and sequentially on the substrate to produce the entire decoration.
- a partial image decomposition into usually different contoured separations and there are those true colors determined with which, based on the printing device used in each case, the most favorable conditions for generating the individual sub-images so that through the contour - And the color overlay of the individual partial images gives the entire decor.
- the true colors are usually not basic colors, but are created by mixing different primary colors.
- Each sub-picture print has correspondingly lower requirements for the print settings, so that the individual sub-pictures can be printed with high precision.
- Techniques for synchronizing the individual partial images, so that the entire decor is created by superposition of these, are known in the art. The result is a printing process in which a decor template can be reproduced true to color with relatively little effort.
- the motif elements are determined in such a way that the most favorable conditions for producing the overall image from the individual partial images result for the printing formless printing device.
- partial images are preferably produced in color separations in such a way that they correspond to the printing units and true colors used in the rotary printing and thus permit an analogue workflow and, if necessary, recourse to existing data, for example the separations, from the prepress stage of the rotary printing.
- the inventive adaptation of the device structure or the respective pressure-free decoration process for generating and applying in particular color-homogeneously partial images can be reproduced in color without compromising a decorative template with comparatively little effort without printing form.
- a color provision according to claim 2 is particularly well suited for decors that can be composed of area-contoured partial images.
- An ink supply according to claim 3 enables indirect contact printing without the need for elaborate color adjustment preparatory work.
- a color drying according to claim 4 enables fixation and result evaluation of single colors prior to the next step of decorating.
- a color provision according to claim 5 makes it possible in particular to print elaborately contoured and difficult-colored partial images.
- color drying according to claim 6 prevents the basic colors from converging when the partial images are formed.
- a transfer body according to claim 7 is particularly advantageous for non-planar substrates.
- Transfer bodies that can be used in corresponding substrates are, for example, from DE 10 2004 037 892 B3 known.
- endless Kunststoffstoftprofile can be printed, which come as edge bands or window profiles are used.
- a total of 1 designated printing device is used for printing a substrate 2 with a decor 3.
- the decor is in the Fig. 1 not shown.
- An example of a decor 3 can be found in the Fig. 2 , which describes a further embodiment of a printing device, which will be explained later.
- the substrate 2, an extrudate can be a continuous substrate or endless substrate sections, for example a plastic profile or an extruded film.
- the substrate 2 is in the Fig. 1 promoted from right to left. In this promotion, for example, an extrusion feed can be used.
- the substrate 2 is supported by a substrate support not shown in the drawing.
- Part of the printing device 1 is an image capture device 4, for example a CCD camera.
- the latter covers in one in the Fig. 1 schematically conically indicated detection area 5 a decorative template. 6
- the image capture device 4 which has an image data memory, with a central processing device 8, for example a PC, in signal connection.
- the computing device 8 is in signal communication with a control device 10.
- the control device 10 is in the execution after Fig. 1 with a total of four color supply devices 15, 16, 17, 18 in signal connection. The latter have an internal structure, which is still related to the execution below Fig. 2 is described.
- Via signal lines 19, 20, 21, 22, the control device 10 is also in accordance with the execution Fig. 2 four pressure-form partial image printing devices 23, 24, 25, 26 in signal connection.
- the color providing devices 15 to 18 are in fluid communication with the sub-picture inkjet printing devices 23 to 26 via color lines 27, 28, 29, 30.
- the pressure devices 23 to 26 each have a color metering valve 31.
- Lower pressure end walls 32 of the printing devices 23 to 26 are spaced from each associated color transfer members 33, 34, 35, 36, which are in the form of transfer rollers, spaced by a color application distance A.
- this distance A is 1 mm +/- 0.5 mm.
- the transfer rollers 33 to 36 have coat side a resilient coating 37.
- the latter is in the Fig. 1 exemplified in the rightmost transfer roller 33 indicated.
- the transfer rollers 33 to 36 are not shown by drive means in the Fig. 1 clockwise around its perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Fig. 1 running rolling longitudinal axes rotated. This rotary drive is synchronized to the feed of the substrate 2 so that a contact portion 38 of the transfer rollers 33 to 36, with which the transfer rollers 33 to 36 come into contact with the substrate 2, is moved synchronously with the substrate 2.
- Each transfer roller 33 to 36 is associated with a multifunction module 39.
- the latter is used to clean the transfer rollers 33 to 36 and can also serve for pretreatment, eg activation of the lateral surfaces of the transfer rollers 33 to 36.
- the pressure end walls 32 of the transfer rollers 33 to 36 and in the Fig. 1 Upper halves of the transfer rollers 33 to 36 are disposed within a housing 40, which protects these sensitive components in particular from contamination and other influences.
- a color drying device 41, 42, 43, 44 is arranged in each case.
- the latter can be an infrared radiation source which irradiates the printing side of the substrate 2, so that the paint applied freshly by the transfer rollers 33 to 36 is dried.
- the printing device 1 is, as already stated above, designed for printing on endless substrates. Alternatively, it is possible to use the printing device 1 with basically the same structure also for printing a sample substrate. In this case, the printing device 1 is used to calibrate the ink supply devices 15 to 18 and the metering valves 31 and possibly also the drive means for the transfer rollers 33 to 36 and the color drying devices 41 to 44.
- the calibration data obtained are stored in a memory 45 of the controller 10 and can over a data interface 46 for controlling the printing of the target substrate, so for example an endless plastic profile can be used.
- Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a printing device.
- the color supply devices 47, 48 shown there can also be used in the embodiment Fig. 1 when the color providing devices 15 to 18 are used.
- the printing device 1 after Fig. 2 has a total of six primary color reservoirs 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54.
- the four in the Fig. 2 Primary color reservoirs 49 to 52 arranged on the left contain the primary colors of the CMYK color model, ie cyan, magenta, yellow and black.
- the primary color reservoirs 53, 54 contain additional colors, for example red and orange, which are particularly suitable for mixing difficult decorative colors or non-displayable CMYK decorative colors. Furthermore, an empty reserve reservoir 55 is still provided.
- the primary color reservoirs 49-54 cooperate with two primary color dispensers 56, 57, which are portions of the color providing devices 47, 48.
- Each basic ink metering device has six metering valves 58. Each of these metering valves 58 is arranged in a paint line 59 between one of the primary ink reservoirs 49 to 54 and one of two mixing chambers 60, 61.
- the mixing chambers 60, 61 are each part of one of the color supply devices 47, 48.
- the metering valves 58 are in signal connection with the control device 10 via a control line 62.
- the latter is in the execution after Fig. 2 into two sub-controllers 10a for controlling the metering valves 58 and 10b for controlling two sub-image inkjet printing devices 63, 64 divided.
- the latter are constructed according to the pressure devices 23 to 26.
- the pressure devices 63, 64 are in signal communication with the partial control device 10b via a control line 65.
- a printing method with the printing device 1 after Fig. 1 with the use of color supply means 15 to 18 in the manner of the color supply means 47, 48 of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 works as follows:
- the decorative template 6 is detected by the image capture device 4.
- the acquired image data for the decorative template 6 are separated into separations, which overlay and give the decoration 3 in accordance with the coloring.
- Fig. 2 are very schematically two such true color sub-images 66, 67 shown.
- the partial image 66 generated by the printing device 63 consists of a first zigzag pattern of successive squares, which are adjacent one another over the corner.
- the partial image 67 consists of a further zigzag sequence of squares of different color, which partially overlap with the squares of the partial image 66.
- the partial images 66, 67 represent schematic representations of partial images present in reality.
- the partial image 66 may, for example, consist of a dot pattern of a first color and the partial image 67 of a dot pattern of a second color.
- a stone decor can be produced on a substrate, for example an edge band or a window profile.
- a wood decor is possible, which can be generated with two partial images, one of the partial images creates a background color and the other partial image a wood grain.
- the decomposition of the decorative template 6 in partial images is done by a Dekormotiv- and color analysis, the basic sequence is known by public prior use.
- the color composition as well as the contouring of the individual partial images naturally depends on the number of pressure devices present in the printing device 1.
- the colors necessary and to be provided for printing the individual partial images are specified. This is done by calculating a corresponding color formulation in the computing device 8, which is then set by the control device 10 and the sub-controller 10a.
- the partial control device 10a controls the metering valves 58 of each mixing chamber, which is assigned to the printing devices 23 to 26, for producing the predetermined color for the respective printing device 23 to 26.
- the composition passed through the metering valves 58 is then mixed from the primary colors.
- the additional colors in the primary color reservoirs 53, 54 can serve to expand the displayable color space.
- the individual partial images with the colors provided in the mixing chambers are successively printed formless, for example by inkjet or inkjet printing, onto the substrate 2.
- "Successively" here refers to the spatial reordering of the printing devices 23 to 26 in succession and not necessarily to a temporal sequence of the printing of a substrate section.
- the latter are driven by the substrate or the drive means and roll on the substrate 2, wherein they transmit the printed sub-images to the substrate 2 with the printing devices 23 to 26 first. This results in the printed partial image on the substrate 2.
- the entire decor is created by superposition.
- the printing by the printing devices 23 to 26 is controlled by the controller 10.
- the freshly printed partial images are dried by the dye-drying devices 41 to 44.
- the pressure may be continuous, intermittent or even batchwise, e.g. on profile lengths, done.
- the printed decoration can be detected by a monitoring device that is constructed like the image capture device 4.
- the monitoring device not shown, is in signal connection with the computing device 8.
- the control device 10 stops printing or calibrates the color provisioning and / or printhead parameterization in cooperation with the computing device 8.
- the printing apparatus 1 can also be used for providing the colors for preparing a rotary printing or other contact printing method independent of the inkjet printing method described.
- the calculated true colors for generating the partial images which can be generated by mixing, are then used in the rotary printing process.
- the determined control data for the color provision via the interface 46 are transferred to a corresponding control device of the rotary printing or contact printing device.
- the true colors calculated to generate the partial images become after the execution Fig. 2 in the mixing chambers 60, 61, this provision being controlled by the sub-controller 10a.
- the printing of the sub-images via the printing devices 63, 64 is controlled by the sub-controller 10b. In the execution after Fig. 2 the printing with the printing devices 63, 64 takes place directly on the substrate 2. Transfer bodies are dispensed with.
- the printing device 1 after Fig. 2 may additionally comprise an image capture device 4 and a monitoring device for detecting the printed decoration, as described above in connection with the embodiment according to FIG Fig. 1 described.
- Fig. 3 shows a further variant of a printing device 1.
- Components that correspond to those described above with reference to the Fig. 1 and 2 have the same reference numbers and will not be discussed again in detail.
- An advancement of the substrate 2 takes place in the printing device 1 after Fig. 3 left to right.
- the printing device 1 after Fig. 3 produces a total of two partial images with two spatially separated partial image printing devices 68, 69.
- Each printing device 68, 69 has a total of six inkjet printing units 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 in the manner of the printing devices 23 to 26 of the embodiment according to Fig. 1 ,
- the printing units 70 to 75 work with primary colors.
- the printing units 70 to 75 via color lines 59 with the primary color reservoirs 49 to 54 in fluid communication.
- the inkjet printing units 70 to 75 are primary color inkjet printing units as modules of the pressure-free partial image printing device 68, 69.
- Each printing unit 70 to 75 is assigned a color transfer body 76 in the form of a transfer roller. Between adjacent printing units 70 to 75 and after the last printing device 75 of each partial image printing device 68, 69 is associated with a color drying device 77 in the manner of the color drying devices 41 to 44.
- Each of the printing units 70 to 75 has a metering valve 78 assigned to the respective primary ink reservoir 49 to 54 in the manner of the metering valve 31 of the embodiment Fig. 1 , In the Fig. 3 For example, only the metering valve 78 of the printing unit 70 of the partial image printing device 68 is shown.
- the color provision takes place in the printing device 1 after Fig. 3 by providing the primary colors 49 to 54 via the metering valves 78 of the printing units 70 to 75. These metering valves 78 are actuated by the control device 10.
- the motif formation and color mixing of the partial images is produced by superposing the primary colors printed by the printing units 70 to 75 on the substrate 2.
- the printing units 70 to 75 print the individual printing inks sequentially and separately onto the substrate 2.
- the freshly printed ink is dried with the aid of the dye-drying devices 77, thereby preventing uncontrolled bleeding when the next primary ink is applied. It arises with appropriate Grundmaschinemengendostechnik a true color separation printing form bound printing analog, visually uniform, color impression.
- the printing device 1 after Fig. 3 may comprise an image capture device 4 and a monitoring device on the type of those described above in connection with the embodiment of Fig. 1 have been described.
- the color provision takes place in the versions after the Fig. 1 to 3 computer-controlled.
- a rotary printing device or a rotary printing method is here discussed as representative of a known from the prior art contact printing method.
- Examples of contact printing methods in which the color supply control data obtained by the printing apparatus 1 can be used are gravure printing, rotary pad printing or flexographic printing.
- the color providing techniques according to the embodiments according to the Fig. 2 and 3 can also be combined within a printing device.
- Conventional contact pressure components can also be integrated.
- the transfer rollers 33 to 36 or 76 can be adapted in terms of their diameter to a repeat length of the decor 3 such that the transfer roller is always wetted in the same place on the peripheral wall with ink to be transferred when printing a partial image, so that no shadow images are transmitted.
Landscapes
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Non-Metallic Protective Coatings For Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Procédé pour imprimer un décor (3) sur un substrat (2), avec les étapes suivantes :- décomposition d'un original (6) du décor en images partielles en couleurs vraies qui, superposées, fournissent le décor (3),- préparation de couleurs (60, 61; 49 à 54) pour imprimer les images partielles,- impression sans façonnage sous pression, par exemple par jet d'encre, des images partielles sur le substrat (2) à l'aide des couleurs (60, 61; 49 à 54) préparées, ce qui fait apparaître le décor imprimé (3) sur le substrat (2),caractérisé en ce que le substrat (2) est un produit extrudé, en ce que la décomposition de l'original (6) du décor et la préparation des couleurs (60, 61; 49 à 54) s'effectuent sous la commande d'un ordinateur à partir d'une palette prédéterminée de couleurs de base (49 à 54) et en ce que l'adaptation aux couleurs vraies préparées s'effectue en maintenant le décor (3) à l'intérieur d'une tolérance prédéterminée d'erreurs de couleur lors de l'impression.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la préparation des couleurs (60, 61) s'effectue par formation de couleurs vraies (60, 61) par l'intermédiaire du mélange de couleurs de base (49 à 54) et en ce que les couleurs vraies (60, 61) sont imprimées sur le produit extrudé (2) pour former les images partielles.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par la préparation des couleurs (60, 61; 49 à 54) en vue de préparer une opération indépendante d'impression par contact qui utilise les couleurs vraies (60, 61) mélangées obtenues par mélange.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une étape de séchage de l'encre a lieu entre les impressions des images partielles.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la préparation des couleurs (49 à 54) s'effectue par préparation de couleurs de base (49 à 54) qui donnent l'aspect visuel et la fidélité des teintes des images partielles par superposition des couleurs de base (49 à 54) sur le produit extrudé (2), les différentes couleurs de base (49 à 54) étant imprimées successivement et séparément sur le produit extrudé (2) pour former les images partielles.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une étape de séchage de l'encre a lieu entre les impressions des différentes couleurs de base (49 à 54).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas d'une impression sans façonnage par pression, le transfert des couleurs s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'un corps de transfert (33 à 36; 76).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'avancement d'extrusion du produit extrudé (2) est mis à profit lors de l'impression.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL07725173T PL2018272T3 (pl) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-05-14 | Sposób i urządzenie do zadrukowywania substratu |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006023117A DE102006023117A1 (de) | 2006-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zum Bedrucken eines Substrates |
PCT/EP2007/004253 WO2007131754A1 (fr) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-05-14 | Procédé et dispositif d'impression d'un substrat |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2018272A1 EP2018272A1 (fr) | 2009-01-28 |
EP2018272B1 true EP2018272B1 (fr) | 2010-01-13 |
Family
ID=38445682
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07725173A Active EP2018272B1 (fr) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-05-14 | Procédé et dispositif d'impression d'un substrat |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2018272B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE454990T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE102006023117A1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2018272T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT2018272E (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007131754A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007022919A1 (de) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Bauer, Jörg R. | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Bauteils mit einer Reliefoberfläche sowie ein solches Bauteil |
DE102009004877B4 (de) | 2009-01-16 | 2015-10-08 | Jörg R. Bauer | Bauteil mit einem Grundkörper und einer darauf mittels eines digitalen Beschichtungssystems aufgebrachten Schicht |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3810774A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1974-05-14 | Masonite Corp | Multi-color,multi-patterned panels |
DE4404557A1 (de) * | 1994-02-12 | 1995-08-17 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Verfahren zum Tintenstrahldruck und Tintenstrahldruckvorrichtung |
JPH0839921A (ja) * | 1994-08-01 | 1996-02-13 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 印刷装置 |
JP3745054B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-07 | 2006-02-15 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 重ね合わせ精度測定用パターン及びこれを用いた半導体装置の製造方法 |
EP0856363A2 (fr) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-08-05 | MACK, Peter | Procédé pour faire des revêtements à base de malachite ou de matériau ressemblant à de la malachite et procédé pour revêtir des objets |
DE19744484C2 (de) * | 1997-10-09 | 2001-06-07 | Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts | Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Mehrfarbendrucke mit verbesserter Reproduktionsqualität und Mehrfarbensatz zu seiner Durchführung |
DE19823195C2 (de) * | 1998-05-23 | 2003-03-20 | Doellken & Co Gmbh W | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bedrucken von Kunststoffwerkstückoberflächen |
EP1016538B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-28 | 2004-08-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Procédé et dispositif de formation d'image |
SE516696C2 (sv) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-02-12 | Perstorp Flooring Ab | Förfarande för framställning av ytelement vilka innefattar ett övre dekorativt skikt samt ytelement framställda enlit förfarandet |
DE20023641U1 (de) * | 2000-06-26 | 2005-05-19 | Bauer, Jörg R. | Flächiges Bauteil mit einer aus Holz bestehenden Oberfläche sowie Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Gruppe flächiger Bauteile |
US7280258B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2007-10-09 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Logo data generating system, logo data generating method, and data storage medium |
DE102004037892B3 (de) | 2004-08-05 | 2005-11-03 | Rehau Ag + Co. | Vorrichtung und Auftragswalze sowie Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Mediums, insbesondere einer Flüssigkeit, auf Artikel |
-
2006
- 2006-05-16 DE DE102006023117A patent/DE102006023117A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-05-14 PL PL07725173T patent/PL2018272T3/pl unknown
- 2007-05-14 EP EP07725173A patent/EP2018272B1/fr active Active
- 2007-05-14 PT PT07725173T patent/PT2018272E/pt unknown
- 2007-05-14 DE DE502007002625T patent/DE502007002625D1/de active Active
- 2007-05-14 WO PCT/EP2007/004253 patent/WO2007131754A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-05-14 AT AT07725173T patent/ATE454990T1/de active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT2018272E (pt) | 2010-04-20 |
PL2018272T3 (pl) | 2010-06-30 |
ATE454990T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
DE502007002625D1 (de) | 2010-03-04 |
DE102006023117A1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
EP2018272A1 (fr) | 2009-01-28 |
WO2007131754A1 (fr) | 2007-11-22 |
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