EP1985956A2 - Tube plate for residual heat exchanger - Google Patents

Tube plate for residual heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1985956A2
EP1985956A2 EP08007202A EP08007202A EP1985956A2 EP 1985956 A2 EP1985956 A2 EP 1985956A2 EP 08007202 A EP08007202 A EP 08007202A EP 08007202 A EP08007202 A EP 08007202A EP 1985956 A2 EP1985956 A2 EP 1985956A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
tube plate
openings
layers
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08007202A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1985956B1 (en
EP1985956A3 (en
Inventor
Markus Niedermayer
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MHG Heiztechnik GmbH
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MHG Heiztechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP1985956A2 publication Critical patent/EP1985956A2/en
Publication of EP1985956A3 publication Critical patent/EP1985956A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1985956B1 publication Critical patent/EP1985956B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0229Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/08Reinforcing means for header boxes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tube sheet for receiving pipes of a Nachschaltebenleyers for a boiler, in particular a condensing boiler, for cooling and condensing of exhaust gases of a burner of the boiler. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Nachschaltebenleyer with such a tube sheet.
  • second heat exchanger for boiler indicates that the heat exchanger is connected downstream of a boiler. It is also customary to designate such heat exchangers as “residual heat exchangers”.
  • Tube bundle heat exchangers which are supplied with various gaseous and / or liquid media of different temperatures on their tube and shell side (channel side), are required for numerous processes in a wide variety of technical applications.
  • the exhaust gas of the burner of the boiler can be cooled so far that the water vapor components of the exhaust gas, which arise in the combustion of hydrocarbonaceous fuels in the burner, condense.
  • the calorific value utilization is often achieved by lowering the inlet temperature of the heating water into the heat exchanger (return temperature) to such an extent that the dew point of the exhaust gas at the heat exchanger surfaces is undershot.
  • the number of appropriate Way coincides with the number of tubes of the Nachschaltebenleyers.
  • the openings are designed to receive the tube end sections of the tubes.
  • the fastening can be carried out in such a way that the pipe end regions are inserted through the opening and a part of the pipe end regions protrudes from the side of the at least one pipe bottom facing away from the pipes.
  • To seal the heat exchanger sealing means between the outer jacket of the tubes and the openings can be provided.
  • the tubes are mounted in the manner in which at least one tube sheet, that the pipe ends are not completely inserted through the opening, but end within the opening, or flush with this. This can be done for example by means of a press fit of the tubes in the tube sheet. If necessary, sealing means can also be provided in this type of fastening.
  • secondary heat exchangers have two tubesheets, each tube plate receiving one end of each tube.
  • the tubes are normally rectilinear.
  • the individual tubes are U-shaped and the tubesheet receives both ends of each tube.
  • tubesheets are in some cases subject to very high kinetics and thermal loads, which often leads to deformations or damage to the tubesheet in the case of tube sheets made of plastic. Furthermore, due to the deformation of the tube bottom, there may also be tensions in the tubes held in the tubesheet, which in turn may cause damage to the individual tubes. This is especially the case with tubes made of glass.
  • tubesheets were made of steel. As a result, it was achieved that the occurrence of damage to the tubesheet or to the tubes was reduced by kinetic and / or thermal stresses during the operation of the secondary heat exchanger. However, a complete avoidance of such stresses related material tension can not be achieved by such a tube sheet. Furthermore, such existing steel tube sheet is relatively expensive to produce.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a tube sheet of the type mentioned, with the occurrence of material stresses due to occurring during operation and acting on the tubesheet loads, for example. Kinetic and / or thermal nature, further reduced and that is easy to make.
  • the core idea of the present invention is therefore to make the tube sheet multilayer, wherein at least two of these layers are made of metal.
  • the individual views are connected to each other and thus form a solid bond, which in turn forms the tube bottom.
  • the occurrence of material stresses by kinetic, thermal or other stresses during operation of the heat exchanger is further reduced, since an existing of a multilayer composite tube sheet can better absorb external stresses as a one-piece tube sheet.
  • the formation of at least two layers of metal ensures sufficient overall stability of the tube sheet.
  • the production of the tube sheet against a tube sheet made of a solid piece simplified, since only partially to be provided design features of the tube sheet, for example. Grooves for receiving seals, openings for fixing the tube sheet, etc., must be formed only in individual layers. This simplifies the manufacturing process.
  • the tubesheet can be formed of any number of layers, wherein at least two layers must be present.
  • the individual layers are expediently designed as plates, which advantageously have substantially the same dimensions and are joined together to form the tube bottom.
  • the connection of the individual plates can be brought about by means of any known from the prior art and suitable fastening means, for example. By welding and / or riveting.
  • the individual plates can be produced in the form of sheets.
  • loads acting on the tubesheet can be better absorbed by the multi-layer tubesheet according to the present invention than by a one-piece tubesheet, since the plates form a firm and stable composite towards the outside but have a certain amount of deformation relative to each other that material stresses can be better absorbed.
  • the condensate (“acidic condensate”) in the condensing boiler attacks the materials of the heat exchanger and thus also the tubesheet.
  • the condensation pollutants and acids such as sulfuric and nitric acid incurred. This Acid attack can lead to corrosion of the metal layers of the tube sheet according to the invention.
  • one of the outer layers of the tubesheet is made of a corrosion resistant material.
  • the tube plate is expediently to be arranged in the heat exchanger in such a way that the corrosion-resistant outer layer of the tube plate faces the tubes of the heat exchanger and thus its inner region.
  • the corrosion-resistant outer layer of the tube plate is arranged on the exhaust side.
  • Such an embodiment accordingly consists of at least three layers, two metal layers and a layer of corrosion-resistant material.
  • Another advantage of this embodiment results from the fact that the layer of corrosion-resistant material can be formed as a separate plate, which can be produced separately from the metal plates. After production, this is connected to the metal plates. Thus, the production is generally easier than this z. B. would be the case if a metal tube bottom would have to be coated with a corrosion-resistant sheath.
  • the corrosion-resistant material is a particularly good and favorable corrosion protection can be produced in this way.
  • the plastic is a thermoplastic, more preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, which is also known under the trademark "Teflon®". Due to its chemical properties, polytetrafluoroethylene is particularly well suited for use in corrosion protection and also has good temperature resistance.
  • each individual layer of the tube bottom correspond in each case to the openings in the other layers in such a way that each individual opening of one layer together with the respectively associated openings of the other layers has a receiving opening for Recording a tube of the heat exchanger forms.
  • the openings of the individual layers are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction of the heat exchanger, so that the individual tubes can be inserted through all the openings of the individual layers.
  • a seal in particular an O-ring, in each receiving opening of the tube bottom.
  • the individual seals are arranged in such a way between the metal layers that they are held there by means of a positive connection and / or a frictional connection, in particular by clamping or press fit. This has the advantage that no further attachment means o. ⁇ . Are necessary for holding the seal.
  • the sealing ring is held in the individual receiving openings characterized in that in a middle metal layer or plate of the tube plate, the individual openings are formed such that they can accommodate the sealing ring. That is, the diameter of the openings is equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the seal rings.
  • the thickness of the middle metal plate is dimensioned such that it corresponds approximately to the thickness of the sealing ring, so that the plate can completely absorb the sealing ring in their openings.
  • the openings of the metal plates adjoining the middle metal plate are formed to have a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the sealing rings.
  • the individual metal plates lie flush against each other, so that the sealing ring in the opening of the middle plate is held firmly by the adjacent to both sides plates. If the thickness of the middle plate chosen smaller than the thickness of the sealing ring, in addition results in a frictional connection in the form of a press fit. In this embodiment, a safe and spatially stable introduction of O-rings can thus be achieved by simple design measures.
  • the stop is formed in that the diameter of the individual openings of the outer layer with respect to the diameter of the openings of the other layers is smaller. Also, the diameter of the openings of the outer layer must be smaller than the pipe diameter. In this way, a stop can be provided by simple design measures, namely the different design of the opening diameter in the individual layers.
  • the tubesheet is five-layered, wherein the three middle layers consist of stainless steel plates.
  • An outer layer is made of a corrosion-resistant material, whereas the other outer layer consists of a pressure plate.
  • a stop is formed by provid- ing a smaller opening diameter. In this way, a particularly stable and resistant to the kinetic and thermal loads tube sheet is obtained, the corrosion resistant and at the same time provides a stop for a constant insertion depth of the tubes.
  • the tube plate according to the invention is advantageously used in Nachschaltebenleyern, where used glass tubes. These tubes are particularly susceptible to damage when material stresses in the tube sheet.
  • FIG. 1 shows the exploded view of a tube plate 100, which is constructed five-layered.
  • the individual layers 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 of the tubesheet 100 each have thirty-two circular openings 20, which are arranged in four columns and eight rows each next to and below each other. The distances between the individual openings 20 are substantially constant.
  • the individual openings 20 of the different layers or layers 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 of the tube plate 100 are formed corresponding to each other and form receiving openings 20 a (see Fig. 2 ). All layers or plates 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 have a rectangular basic shape and have approximately the same external dimensions, wherein the length and width of the layer 16 are slightly smaller than those of the layers 11, 12, 13, 15th
  • O-rings 14 are shown, whose outer diameter corresponds approximately to the diameter of the openings 20 of the tube bottom center plate 11, so that the O-rings 14 completely into the openings 20 of Tube bottom center plate 11 are inserted.
  • the tube plate and thus the entire heat exchanger (not shown here) to other components of a heating system (not shown here) are attached. Likewise, this can be done attachment to the heat exchanger housing (not shown here).
  • the tube bottom center plate 11 and the two adjacent plates are all made of stainless steel.
  • the plate 15 is a corrosion protection plate and is made of Teflon®.
  • the plate 15 is on the installation of the tube plate 100 in a heat exchanger (not shown here) on the exhaust side, ie the tubes (not shown here) facing to arrange.
  • the other outer plate 16 is a pressure plate made of sheet steel.
  • Eight countersunk rivets 18 can be inserted through openings 23 provided in the tubesheet 13 and can be guided through further openings 23 in the plate 16 provided for this purpose. They are dimensioned so that they stand over the tube plate 100 addition. From the outside 18 ferrules 19 are pushed onto the countersunk rivets, which press the pressure plate 16 against the hydraulic tube bottom plate 13.
  • rectangular sealing rings 17a, 17b are provided, which are provided in grooves 21 (see FIG Figures 2 and 3 ) are placed from the outside on the plates 13 and 12.
  • the stainless steel plates 11, 12, 13 are welded together for attachment.
  • the corrosion protection plate 15 can also be connected to the plate 12 by means of welding or other suitable means.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the tube sheet 100 on the tube plate 13 and the plate thereon arranged pressure plate 16.
  • the groove 21 for receiving the seal 17 a runs circumferentially and parallel to the outer edge of the tube sheet 100 and is slightly offset from the edge to the inside.
  • FIG. 2 the thirty-two receiving openings 20a of the tube bottom 100 are shown.
  • the outer dashed line running around each opening 20a represents the outer diameter of the sealing rings 14.
  • the central dashed ring around the openings 20a represents the opening 20 of the plate 13.
  • the diameter of the opening 20 of the pressure plate 16 is smaller than that the tube plate 13, whereby the pressure plate 16 in the region of the receiving openings 20a is a stop for the introduced from the other side in the tube plate 100 tubes (not shown here) of the Nachschaltebenleyers (not shown here). Due to the larger outer diameter of the sealing rings 14 relative to the diameter of the openings 20 of the tube plate 13, the sealing rings 14 between the plates 13 and 12 can be held positively.
  • the eight countersunk rivets 18 with attached clamping rings 19 are arranged in four rows and two columns next to each other and each other, wherein the distances between the individual countersunk rivets 18 are approximately constant.
  • the seals 17 a and 17 b are inserted into the grooves 21 provided in the plates 13 and 12 and 15.
  • the corrosion protection plate 15 is formed in comparison to the other plates 11, 12, 13, 16 with a much smaller wall thickness.
  • the thickness of the tube bottom center plate 11 substantially corresponds to the thickness of the sealing rings 14.
  • the tubesheet plates 12, 13 are of a slightly smaller wall thickness than the tubesheet center plate 11; the pressure plate 16 in turn has a smaller wall thickness than the plates 12, 13.
  • the projecting from the tube sheet 100 part of the countersunk rivets 18 may, for example, be used to attach other components.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the section BB FIG. 2 ,
  • the arranged on Senkniet 18 clamping ring 19 abuts against the pressure plate 16 and presses against the tube plate bottom 13th

Abstract

The tube plate (100) has a central sheet (11), an exhaust gas-sided tube plate sheet (12), a hydraulic tube plate sheet (13), sealing ring (14), corrosion protection sheet(15) and an outer sheet (16) connected with each other. The sheets (11, 12, 13, 16) are made of metal i.e. stainless steel. The outer sheet is made of corrosion resistant material such as thermoplastic resin e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene. Receiving openings (20) receive tubes of a downstream heat exchanger, where the tubes are made of glass.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrboden zur Aufnahmen von Rohren eines Nachschaltwärmetauschers für einen Heizkessel, insbesondere einen Brennwertkessel, zum Kühlen und Kondensieren von Abgasen eines Brenners des Heizkessels. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Nachschaltwärmetauscher mit einem solchen Rohrboden.The present invention relates to a tube sheet for receiving pipes of a Nachschaltwärmetauschers for a boiler, in particular a condensing boiler, for cooling and condensing of exhaust gases of a burner of the boiler. Furthermore, the invention relates to a Nachschaltwärmetauscher with such a tube sheet.

Der Begriff "Nachschaltwärmetauscher für Heizkessel" bringt zum Ausdruck, dass der Wärmetauscher einem Heizkessel nachgeschaltet ist. Auch ist es üblich, derartige Wärmetauscher als "Restwärmetauscher" zu bezeichnen.The term "secondary heat exchanger for boiler" indicates that the heat exchanger is connected downstream of a boiler. It is also customary to designate such heat exchangers as "residual heat exchangers".

Da bei Wärmetauschern eine Vielzahl von Rohren, die üblicherweise parallel ausgerichtet sind und dadurch ein Rohrbündel bilden, vorhanden ist, wird diese Art von Wärmetauscher auch als Rohrbündelwärmetauscher bezeichnet. Rohrbündelwärmetauscher, die auf ihrer Rohr- und Mantelseite (Kanalseite) mit verschiedenen gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Medien unterschiedlicher Temperaturen beströmt werden, werden für zahlreiche Prozesse in verschiedensten technischen Einsatzgebieten benötigt. Insbesondere ist es bekannt, Rohrbündelwärmetauscher Heizkesseln, insbesondere Brennwertkesseln, nachzuschalten. Hierdurch kann das Abgas des Brenners des Heizkessels soweit abgekühlt werden, dass die Wasserdampfanteile des Abgases, die bei der Verbrennung kohlenwasserstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe im Brenner entstehen, kondensieren. Durch die Nutzung der Kondensationswärme tritt eine deutliche Verbesserung des verbrennungstechnischen Wirkungsgrades ein. Die Brennwertnutzung wird häufig dadurch erreicht, dass die Eintrittstemperatur des Heizungswassers in den Wärmetauscher (Rücklauftemperatur) soweit abgesenkt wird, dass der Taupunkt des Abgases an den Wärmeübertragerflächen unterschritten wird.Since in heat exchangers a plurality of tubes, which are usually aligned in parallel and thereby form a tube bundle, is present, this type of heat exchanger is also referred to as a tube bundle heat exchanger. Tube bundle heat exchangers, which are supplied with various gaseous and / or liquid media of different temperatures on their tube and shell side (channel side), are required for numerous processes in a wide variety of technical applications. In particular, it is known to downstream tube bundle heat exchangers boilers, especially condensing boilers. In this way, the exhaust gas of the burner of the boiler can be cooled so far that the water vapor components of the exhaust gas, which arise in the combustion of hydrocarbonaceous fuels in the burner, condense. By using the heat of condensation occurs a significant improvement in the combustion efficiency. The calorific value utilization is often achieved by lowering the inlet temperature of the heating water into the heat exchanger (return temperature) to such an extent that the dew point of the exhaust gas at the heat exchanger surfaces is undershot.

Bei bekannten Rohrböden für Nachwärmetauscher ist üblicherweise eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen im Rohrboden vorgesehen, deren Anzahl zweckmäßiger Weise mit der Anzahl der Rohre des Nachschaltwärmetauschers übereinstimmt. Die Öffnungen sind zur Aufnahme der Rohrendabschnitte der Rohre ausgebildet. Grundsätzlich kann die Befestigung derart erfolgen, dass die Rohrendbereiche durch die Öffnung hindurch gesteckt werden und ein Teil der Rohrendbereiche von der den Rohren abgewandten Seite des mindestens einen Rohrbodens vorsteht. Zur Abdichtung des Wärmetauschers können Dichtungsmittel zwischen Außenmantel der Rohre und den Öffnungen vorgesehen werden. Es ist aber auch eine Befestigung möglich, bei der die Rohre in der Weise in dem mindestens einen Rohrboden gelagert sind, dass die Rohrenden nicht komplett durch die Öffnung hindurch gesteckt sind, sondern innerhalb der Öffnung enden, bzw. bündig mit dieser abschließen. Dies kann bspw. mittels eines Presssitzes der Rohre im Rohrboden erfolgen. Bei Bedarf können auch bei dieser Befestigungsart Dichtungsmittel vorgesehen werden.In known tube sheets for reheating a plurality of openings in the tube sheet is usually provided, the number of appropriate Way coincides with the number of tubes of the Nachschaltwärmetauschers. The openings are designed to receive the tube end sections of the tubes. In principle, the fastening can be carried out in such a way that the pipe end regions are inserted through the opening and a part of the pipe end regions protrudes from the side of the at least one pipe bottom facing away from the pipes. To seal the heat exchanger sealing means between the outer jacket of the tubes and the openings can be provided. But it is also an attachment possible in which the tubes are mounted in the manner in which at least one tube sheet, that the pipe ends are not completely inserted through the opening, but end within the opening, or flush with this. This can be done for example by means of a press fit of the tubes in the tube sheet. If necessary, sealing means can also be provided in this type of fastening.

Normalerweise weisen Nachschaltwärmetauscher zwei Rohrböden auf, wobei jeder Rohrboden jeweils ein Ende eines jeden Rohres aufnimmt. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung sind die Rohre normalerweise geradlinig ausgebildet. Grundsätzlich ist aber auch eine Ausgestaltung mit nur einem Rohrboden möglich, wobei dann die einzelnen Rohre U-förmig ausgebildet sind und der Rohrboden beide Enden eines jeden Rohres aufnimmt.Normally, secondary heat exchangers have two tubesheets, each tube plate receiving one end of each tube. In this embodiment, the tubes are normally rectilinear. In principle, however, an embodiment with only one tubesheet is possible, in which case the individual tubes are U-shaped and the tubesheet receives both ends of each tube.

Die bekannten Rohrböden für Nachschaltwärmetauscher sind häufig aus Kunststoff ausgebildet, da diese relativ kostengünstig herstellbar und säure- und schadstoffresistent sind. Allerdings werden Rohrböden während des Betriebes der Nachschaltwärmetauscher kinetisch und thermisch zum Teil sehr stark belastet, wodurch es bei aus Kunststoff ausgebildeten Rohrböden häufig zu Verformungen oder Beschädigungen des Rohrbodens kommt. Ferner kann es durch die Verformung des Rohrbodens auch zu Spannungen bei den im Rohrboden gehaltenen Rohren kommen, was wiederum zu Beschädigungen der einzelnen Rohre führen kann. Dies ist insbesondere der Fall bei aus Glas ausgebildeten Rohren.The known tube plates for Nachschaltwärmetauscher are often made of plastic, since they are relatively inexpensive to produce and acid and pollutant resistant. However, during operation of the secondary heat exchangers, tubesheets are in some cases subject to very high kinetics and thermal loads, which often leads to deformations or damage to the tubesheet in the case of tube sheets made of plastic. Furthermore, due to the deformation of the tube bottom, there may also be tensions in the tubes held in the tubesheet, which in turn may cause damage to the individual tubes. This is especially the case with tubes made of glass.

Um diesen Nachteil zu vermeiden, wurden Rohrböden aus Stahl ausgebildet. Hierdurch wurde erreicht, dass das Auftreten von Beschädigungen am Rohrboden bzw. an den Rohren durch kinetische und/oder thermische Belastungen während des Betriebes des Nachschaltwärmetauschers verringert wurde. Eine vollständige Vermeidung von durch derartige Belastungen bedingte Materialspannung kann aber auch durch einen derartigen Rohrboden nicht erreicht werden. Ferner ist ein solcher aus Stahl bestehender Rohrboden relativ aufwendig herzustellen.To avoid this disadvantage, tubesheets were made of steel. As a result, it was achieved that the occurrence of damage to the tubesheet or to the tubes was reduced by kinetic and / or thermal stresses during the operation of the secondary heat exchanger. However, a complete avoidance of such stresses related material tension can not be achieved by such a tube sheet. Furthermore, such existing steel tube sheet is relatively expensive to produce.

In Anbetracht der obigen Ausführungen liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rohrboden der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit dem das Auftreten von Materialspannungen aufgrund von während des Betriebes auftretenden und auf den Rohrboden wirkenden Belastungen, bspw. kinetischer und/oder thermischer Art, weiter verringert wird und der einfach herzustellen ist.In view of the above, the invention has for its object to provide a tube sheet of the type mentioned, with the occurrence of material stresses due to occurring during operation and acting on the tubesheet loads, for example. Kinetic and / or thermal nature, further reduced and that is easy to make.

Diese Aufgabe wird jeweils durch die in Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 9 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved in each case by the features specified in claim 1 or claim 9.

Der Kerngedanke der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht demnach darin, den Rohrboden mehrschichtig auszubilden, wobei wenigstens zwei dieser Schichten aus Metall bestehen. Die einzelnen Sichten werden miteinander verbunden und bilden so einen festen Verbund, der wiederum den Rohrboden bildet. Durch den Aufbau des Rohrbodens aus mehreren, zwar miteinander verbundenen, aber grundsätzlich unabhängigen Schichten, wird das Auftreten von Materialspannungen durch kinetische, thermische oder sonstige Belastungen während des Betriebes des Wärmetauschers weiter verringert, da ein aus einem mehrschichtigen Verbundmaterial bestehender Rohrboden äußere Spannungen besser aufnehmen kann als ein aus einem Stück hergestellter Rohrboden. Darüber hinaus gewährleistet die Ausbildung von wenigstens zwei Schichten aus Metall eine ausreichende Gesamtstabilität des Rohrbodens. Ferner wird durch die mehrschichtige Ausbildung die Herstellung des Rohrbodens gegenüber einem aus einem massiven Stück hergestellten Rohrboden vereinfacht, da nur bereichsweise vorzusehende Ausgestaltungsmerkmale des Rohrbodens, bspw. Nuten zur Aufnahme von Dichtungen, Öffnungen zur Befestigung des Rohrbodens, etc., nur in einzelnen Schichten ausgebildet werden müssen. Dies vereinfacht den Herstellungsprozess.The core idea of the present invention is therefore to make the tube sheet multilayer, wherein at least two of these layers are made of metal. The individual views are connected to each other and thus form a solid bond, which in turn forms the tube bottom. By constructing the tubesheet of several, but interconnected, but fundamentally independent layers, the occurrence of material stresses by kinetic, thermal or other stresses during operation of the heat exchanger is further reduced, since an existing of a multilayer composite tube sheet can better absorb external stresses as a one-piece tube sheet. In addition, the formation of at least two layers of metal ensures sufficient overall stability of the tube sheet. Furthermore, by the multi-layered training, the production of the tube sheet against a tube sheet made of a solid piece simplified, since only partially to be provided design features of the tube sheet, for example. Grooves for receiving seals, openings for fixing the tube sheet, etc., must be formed only in individual layers. This simplifies the manufacturing process.

Grundsätzlich kann der Rohrboden aus beliebig vielen Schichten ausgebildet sein, wobei mindestens zwei Schichten vorhanden sein müssen. Die einzelnen Schichten sind zweckmäßigerweise als Platten ausgebildet, die vorteilhafter Weise im Wesentlichen gleiche Abmaße aufweisen und miteinander unter Bildung des Rohrbodens verbunden werden. Die Verbindung der einzelnen Platten kann dabei mittels jedem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten und hierfür geeigneten Befestigungsmittel, bspw. mittels Verschweißung und/oder Vernietung, herbeigeführt werden.In principle, the tubesheet can be formed of any number of layers, wherein at least two layers must be present. The individual layers are expediently designed as plates, which advantageously have substantially the same dimensions and are joined together to form the tube bottom. The connection of the individual plates can be brought about by means of any known from the prior art and suitable fastening means, for example. By welding and / or riveting.

Um die Herstellung weiter zu vereinfachen, können die einzelnen Platten in Form von Blechen hergestellt werden. Hierfür eignet sich die Verwendung von Stahl, insbesondere Edelstahl. Nuten, Löcher oder ähnliche Ausgestaltungsmerkmale können in Blechen einfacher und kostengünstiger, bspw. durch Stanzen, Prägen, etc., hergestellt werden, als in einstückigen Rohrböden. Ferner können auf den Rohrboden wirkende Belastungen von dem mehrschichtigen Rohrboden gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung besser aufgenommen werden als von einem einstückigen Rohrboden, da die Platten bzw. Bleche nach außen hin zwar einen festen und stabilen Verbund bilden, aber relativ zueinander ein gewisser Verformungsspielraum besteht, so dass Materialspannungen besser aufgenommen werden können.To further simplify the production, the individual plates can be produced in the form of sheets. For this purpose, the use of steel, especially stainless steel. Grooves, holes or similar design features can be made in sheet metal easier and cheaper, for example. By punching, embossing, etc., as in one-piece tube sheets. Furthermore, loads acting on the tubesheet can be better absorbed by the multi-layer tubesheet according to the present invention than by a one-piece tubesheet, since the plates form a firm and stable composite towards the outside but have a certain amount of deformation relative to each other that material stresses can be better absorbed.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous embodiments are characterized in the subclaims.

Das im Brennwertkessel anfallende Kondensat ("saures Kondensat") greift aufgrund seines niedrigen pH-Werts die Werkstoffe des Wärmetauschers und somit auch den Rohrboden an. Insbesondere können bei der Kondensation Schadstoffe und Säuren, wie Schwefel- und Salpetersäure, anfallen. Dieser Säureangriff kann zu Korrosion an den Metallschichten des erfindungsgemäßen Rohrbodens führen.Due to its low pH, the condensate ("acidic condensate") in the condensing boiler attacks the materials of the heat exchanger and thus also the tubesheet. In particular, in the condensation pollutants and acids, such as sulfuric and nitric acid incurred. This Acid attack can lead to corrosion of the metal layers of the tube sheet according to the invention.

Daher ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehen, eine der äußeren Schichten des Rohrbodens aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Material herzustellen. Der Rohrboden ist gemäß dieser Ausführungsform zweckmäßigerweise im Wärmetauscher derart anzuordnen, dass die korrosionsbeständige Außenschicht des Rohrbodens den Rohren des Wärmetauschers und somit dessen Innenbereich zugewandt ist. Mit anderen Worten ist die korrosionsbeständige Außenschicht des Rohrbodens abgasseitig angeordnet.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one of the outer layers of the tubesheet is made of a corrosion resistant material. According to this embodiment, the tube plate is expediently to be arranged in the heat exchanger in such a way that the corrosion-resistant outer layer of the tube plate faces the tubes of the heat exchanger and thus its inner region. In other words, the corrosion-resistant outer layer of the tube plate is arranged on the exhaust side.

Durch die Vorsehung einer solchen Schicht werden die dahinter liegenden Metallschichten des Rohrbodens vor Korrosion geschützt. Eine solche Ausführungsform besteht demnach aus mindestens drei Schichten, zwei Metallschichten und einer Schicht aus korrosionsbeständigem Material. Ein weiterer Vorteil bei dieser Ausführungsform ergibt sich daraus, dass die Schicht aus korrosionsbeständigem Material als eigene Platte ausgebildet sein kann, die separat von den Metallplatten herstellbar ist. Nach der Herstellung wird diese mit den Metallplatten verbunden. Somit ist die Herstellung insgesamt einfacher als dies z. B. der Fall sein würde, wenn ein Metallrohrboden mit einer korrosionsbeständigen Ummantelung überzogen werden müsste.The provision of such a layer protects the underlying metal layers of the tube bottom against corrosion. Such an embodiment accordingly consists of at least three layers, two metal layers and a layer of corrosion-resistant material. Another advantage of this embodiment results from the fact that the layer of corrosion-resistant material can be formed as a separate plate, which can be produced separately from the metal plates. After production, this is connected to the metal plates. Thus, the production is generally easier than this z. B. would be the case if a metal tube bottom would have to be coated with a corrosion-resistant sheath.

Wird als korrosionsbeständiges Material ein Kunststoff verwendet, lässt sich auf diese Weise ein besonders guter und günstiger Korrosionsschutz herstellen. Bevorzugt ist der Kunststoff ein Thermoplast, besonders bevorzugt Polytetrafluorethylen, das auch unter der Marke "Teflon®" bekannt ist. Polytetrafluorethylen eignet sich aufgrund seiner chemischen Eigenschaften besonders gut für den Einsatz im Korrosionsschutz und hat darüber hinaus eine gute Temperaturbeständigkeit.If a plastic is used as the corrosion-resistant material, a particularly good and favorable corrosion protection can be produced in this way. Preferably, the plastic is a thermoplastic, more preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, which is also known under the trademark "Teflon®". Due to its chemical properties, polytetrafluoroethylene is particularly well suited for use in corrosion protection and also has good temperature resistance.

Zur Aufnahme der Rohre des Wärmetauschers weisen Rohrböden grundsätzlich eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen auf. Insofern ist es zweckmäßig, in jeder einzelnen Schicht des erfindungsgemäßen Rohrbodens eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen vorzusehen, die jeweils mit den Öffnungen in den anderen Schichten in der Weise korrespondieren, dass jede einzelne Öffnung einer Schicht zusammen mit den jeweils zugeordneten Öffnungen der anderen Schichten eine Aufnahmeöffnung zur Aufnahme eines Rohres des Wärmetauschers bildet. Mit anderen Worten sind die Öffnungen der einzelnen Schichten in Axialrichtung des Wärmetauschers hintereinander angeordnet, so dass die einzelnen Rohre durch sämtliche Öffnungen der einzelnen Schichten hindurch gesteckt werden können.For receiving the tubes of the heat exchanger tube sheets basically have a plurality of openings. In this respect, it is expedient to provide a plurality of openings in each individual layer of the tube bottom according to the invention, which correspond in each case to the openings in the other layers in such a way that each individual opening of one layer together with the respectively associated openings of the other layers has a receiving opening for Recording a tube of the heat exchanger forms. In other words, the openings of the individual layers are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction of the heat exchanger, so that the individual tubes can be inserted through all the openings of the individual layers.

Um die Dichtigkeit des Wärmetauschers zu gewährleisten, ist es zweckmäßig, in jeder Aufnahmeöffnung des Rohrbodens eine Dichtung, insbesondere einen O-Ring, anzuordnen. Die einzelnen Dichtungen werden derart zwischen den Metallschichten angeordnet, dass sie dort vermittels eines Formschlusses und/oder eines Kraftschlusses, insbesondere durch Klemm- bzw. Presssitz, gehalten werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass keine weiteren Befestigungsmittel o. ä. zur Halterung der Dichtung notwendig sind.In order to ensure the tightness of the heat exchanger, it is expedient to arrange a seal, in particular an O-ring, in each receiving opening of the tube bottom. The individual seals are arranged in such a way between the metal layers that they are held there by means of a positive connection and / or a frictional connection, in particular by clamping or press fit. This has the advantage that no further attachment means o. Ä. Are necessary for holding the seal.

Bevorzugterweise wird der Dichtring dadurch in den einzelnen Aufnahmeöffnungen gehalten, dass in einer mittleren Metallschicht oder -platte des Rohrbodens die einzelnen Öffnungen derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie den Dichtring aufnehmen können. D. h., dass der Durchmesser der Öffnungen gleich oder größer als der Außendurchmesser der Dichtringe ist. Um nun einen Formschluss herzustellen, wird die Dicke der mittleren Metallplatte derart bemessen, dass sie in etwa der Dicke des Dichtrings entspricht, so dass die Platte den Dichtring in ihren Öffnungen vollständig aufnehmen kann. Ferner sind die Öffnungen der sich an die mittlere Metallplatte anschließenden Metallplatten derart ausgebildet, dass sie einen kleineren Durchmesser aufweisen als der Außendurchmesser der Dichtringe. Ferner liegen die einzelnen Metallplatten bündig aneinander an, so dass der Dichtring in der Öffnung der mittleren Platte durch die zu beiden Seiten angrenzenden Platten fest gehalten wird. Wird die Dicke der mittleren Platte kleiner gewählt als die Dicke des Dichtrings, ergibt sich zusätzlich ein Kraftschluss in Form eines Presssitzes. Bei dieser Ausführungsform kann somit durch einfache konstruktive Maßnahmen eine sichere und ortsstabile Einbringung von O-Ringen erreicht werden.Preferably, the sealing ring is held in the individual receiving openings characterized in that in a middle metal layer or plate of the tube plate, the individual openings are formed such that they can accommodate the sealing ring. That is, the diameter of the openings is equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the seal rings. In order to make a positive connection now, the thickness of the middle metal plate is dimensioned such that it corresponds approximately to the thickness of the sealing ring, so that the plate can completely absorb the sealing ring in their openings. Further, the openings of the metal plates adjoining the middle metal plate are formed to have a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the sealing rings. Furthermore, the individual metal plates lie flush against each other, so that the sealing ring in the opening of the middle plate is held firmly by the adjacent to both sides plates. If the thickness of the middle plate chosen smaller than the thickness of the sealing ring, in addition results in a frictional connection in the form of a press fit. In this embodiment, a safe and spatially stable introduction of O-rings can thus be achieved by simple design measures.

Um zu gewährleisten, dass die Rohre immer in der gleichen Tiefe in die einzelnen Aufnahmeöffnungen des Rohrbodens eingeführt werden, ist es zweckmäßig, in jede Aufnahmeöffnung einen Anschlag für die Rohre vorzusehen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, den Anschlag in einer Außenschicht des Rohrbodens vorzusehen und zwar zweckmäßigerweise in derjenigen äußeren Schicht, die im Nachschaltwärmetauscher den Rohren abgewandt ist. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass die Rohre über einen Großteil der Tiefe der Aufnahmeöffnung in diese eingeführt werden und trotzdem die Einführtiefe über alle Aufnahmeöffnungen hinweg konstant bleibt. Besonders bevorzugt wird der Anschlag dadurch ausgebildet, dass der Durchmesser der einzelnen Öffnungen der Außenschicht gegenüber dem Durchmesser der Öffnungen der anderen Schichten kleiner ist. Ebenfalls muss der Durchmesser der Öffnungen der Außenschicht kleiner sein als der Rohrdurchmesser. Auf diese Weise kann durch einfache konstruktive Maßnahmen, nämlich die unterschiedliche Ausbildung der Öffnungsdurchmesser in den einzelnen Schichten, ein Anschlag vorgesehen werden.In order to ensure that the tubes are always inserted at the same depth into the individual receiving openings of the tube plate, it is expedient to provide a stop for the tubes in each receiving opening. It is particularly advantageous to provide the abutment in an outer layer of the tube bottom, specifically expediently in that outer layer which faces away from the tubes in the secondary heat exchanger. This ensures that the tubes are inserted over much of the depth of the receiving opening in this and still the insertion depth remains constant across all receiving openings. Particularly preferably, the stop is formed in that the diameter of the individual openings of the outer layer with respect to the diameter of the openings of the other layers is smaller. Also, the diameter of the openings of the outer layer must be smaller than the pipe diameter. In this way, a stop can be provided by simple design measures, namely the different design of the opening diameter in the individual layers.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Rohrboden fünfschichtig ausgebildet, wobei die drei mittleren Schichten aus Edelstahlplatten bestehen. Eine äußere Schicht besteht aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Material, wohingegen die andere äußere Schicht aus einem Anpressblech besteht. In dem Anpressblech ist ein Anschlag durch Vorsehung eines geringeren Öffnungsdurchmessers ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise wird ein besonders stabiler und gegenüber den kinetischen und thermischen Belastungen resistenter Rohrboden erhalten, der korrosionsbeständig ist und gleichzeitig einen Anschlag für eine konstante Einführtiefe der Rohre bietet.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the tubesheet is five-layered, wherein the three middle layers consist of stainless steel plates. An outer layer is made of a corrosion-resistant material, whereas the other outer layer consists of a pressure plate. In the pressure plate, a stop is formed by provid- ing a smaller opening diameter. In this way, a particularly stable and resistant to the kinetic and thermal loads tube sheet is obtained, the corrosion resistant and at the same time provides a stop for a constant insertion depth of the tubes.

Insbesondere ist der erfindungsgemäße Rohrboden vorteilhaft verwendbar bei Nachschaltwärmetauschern, bei denen Rohre aus Glas verwendet. Diese Rohre sind besonders beschädigungsanfällig bei Materialspannungen im Rohrboden.In particular, the tube plate according to the invention is advantageously used in Nachschaltwärmetauschern, where used glass tubes. These tubes are particularly susceptible to damage when material stresses in the tube sheet.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig.1
eine perspektivische Explosionsansicht eines Rohrbodens;
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht auf die Seite des Rohrbodens aus Fig.1, die bei Einsatz in einem Nachschaltwärmetauscher den Rohren abgewandt ist;
Fig. 3
eine Schnittansicht entlang des Schnittes A-A aus Fig. 2; und
Fig. 4
eine Schnittansicht entlang des Schnittes B-B aus Fig. 2.
An embodiment of the invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. In a schematic representation:
Fig.1
an exploded perspective view of a tube sheet;
Fig. 2
a plan view of the side of the tube sheet Fig.1 , which is remote from the pipes when used in a Nachschaltwärmetauscher;
Fig. 3
a sectional view taken along the section AA Fig. 2 ; and
Fig. 4
a sectional view taken along the section BB Fig. 2 ,

Figur 1 zeigt die Explosionsansicht eines Rohrbodens 100, der fünfschichtig aufgebaut ist. Die einzelnen Schichten 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 des Rohrbodens 100 weisen jeweils zweiunddreißig kreisrunde Öffnungen 20 auf, die in vier Spalten und acht Reihen jeweils neben- und untereinander angeordnet sind. Die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Öffnungen 20 sind im Wesentlichen konstant. Die einzelnen Öffnungen 20 der unterschiedlichen Lagen oder Schichten 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 des Rohrbodens 100 sind miteinander korrespondierend ausgebildet und bilden Aufnahmeöffnungen 20a (siehe Fig. 2). Alle Lagen oder Platten 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 weisen eine rechteckige Grundform auf und haben in etwa die gleichen Außenabmaße, wobei die Länge und Breite der Lage 16 etwas kleiner sind als diejenigen der Lagen 11, 12, 13, 15. FIG. 1 shows the exploded view of a tube plate 100, which is constructed five-layered. The individual layers 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 of the tubesheet 100 each have thirty-two circular openings 20, which are arranged in four columns and eight rows each next to and below each other. The distances between the individual openings 20 are substantially constant. The individual openings 20 of the different layers or layers 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 of the tube plate 100 are formed corresponding to each other and form receiving openings 20 a (see Fig. 2 ). All layers or plates 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 have a rectangular basic shape and have approximately the same external dimensions, wherein the length and width of the layer 16 are slightly smaller than those of the layers 11, 12, 13, 15th

Ferner sind zweiunddreißig O-Ringe 14 dargestellt, deren Außendurchmesser in etwa dem Durchmesser der Öffnungen 20 der Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11 entspricht, so dass die O-Ringe 14 vollständig in die Öffnungen 20 der Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11 einführbar sind. Mittels der Montagelöcher 22 kann der Rohrboden und somit der gesamte Wärmetauscher (hier nicht dargestellt) an anderen Komponenten einer Heizanlage (hier nicht dargestellt) befestigt werden. Ebenso kann damit eine Befestigung am Wärmetauschergehäuse (hier nicht dargestellt) erfolgen. Die Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11 und die beiden daran angrenzenden Platten (die abgasseitige Rohrbodenplatte 12 und die hydraulische Rohrbodenplatte 13) sind allesamt aus Edelstahl hergestellt. Die Platte 15 ist eine Korrosionsschutzplatte und besteht aus Teflon®. Die Platte 15 ist beim Einbau des Rohrbodens 100 in einen Wärmetauscher (hier nicht dargestellt) abgasseitig, d. h. den Rohren (hier nicht dargestellt) zugewandt, anzuordnen. Die andere Außenplatte 16 ist eine aus Stahlblech hergestellte Andruckplatte. Acht Senknieten 18 sind durch dafür vorgesehene Öffnungen 23 in der Rohrbodenplatte 13 einführbar und durch weitere hierfür vorgesehene Öffnungen 23 in der Platte 16 hindurch führbar. Sie sind so dimensioniert, dass sie über den Rohrboden 100 hinaus stehen. Von außen werden auf die Senknieten 18 Klemmringe 19 aufgeschoben, die die Andruckplatte 16 gegen die hydraulische Rohrbodenplatte 13 pressen. Weiterhin sind rechteckige Dichtringe 17a, 17b vorgesehen, die in dafür vorgesehene Nuten 21 (siehe Figuren 2 und 3) von außen auf die Platten 13 und 12 aufsetzbar sind. Die Edelstahlplatten 11, 12, 13 werden zur Befestigung miteinander verschweißt. Die Korrosionsschutzplatte 15 kann ebenfalls mittels Verschweißung oder sonstiger dafür geeigneter Mittel mit der Platte 12 verbunden werden.Furthermore, thirty-two O-rings 14 are shown, whose outer diameter corresponds approximately to the diameter of the openings 20 of the tube bottom center plate 11, so that the O-rings 14 completely into the openings 20 of Tube bottom center plate 11 are inserted. By means of the mounting holes 22, the tube plate and thus the entire heat exchanger (not shown here) to other components of a heating system (not shown here) are attached. Likewise, this can be done attachment to the heat exchanger housing (not shown here). The tube bottom center plate 11 and the two adjacent plates (the exhaust-gas tube plate 12 and the hydraulic tube plate 13) are all made of stainless steel. The plate 15 is a corrosion protection plate and is made of Teflon®. The plate 15 is on the installation of the tube plate 100 in a heat exchanger (not shown here) on the exhaust side, ie the tubes (not shown here) facing to arrange. The other outer plate 16 is a pressure plate made of sheet steel. Eight countersunk rivets 18 can be inserted through openings 23 provided in the tubesheet 13 and can be guided through further openings 23 in the plate 16 provided for this purpose. They are dimensioned so that they stand over the tube plate 100 addition. From the outside 18 ferrules 19 are pushed onto the countersunk rivets, which press the pressure plate 16 against the hydraulic tube bottom plate 13. Furthermore, rectangular sealing rings 17a, 17b are provided, which are provided in grooves 21 (see FIG Figures 2 and 3 ) are placed from the outside on the plates 13 and 12. The stainless steel plates 11, 12, 13 are welded together for attachment. The corrosion protection plate 15 can also be connected to the plate 12 by means of welding or other suitable means.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht des Rohrbodens 100 auf die Rohrbodenplatte 13 und die darauf angeordnete Andruckplatte 16. Die Nut 21 zur Aufnahme der Dichtung 17a (siehe Figur 1) verläuft umlaufend und parallel zum äußeren Rand des Rohrbodens 100 und ist vom Rand aus gesehen leicht nach innen versetzt. In Figur 2 sind die zweiunddreißig Aufnahmeöffnungen 20a des Rohrbodens 100 dargestellt. Die um jede Öffnung 20a verlaufende, äußere gestrichelte Linie stellt den Außendurchmesser der Dichtringe 14 dar. Der mittlere, gestrichelte Ring um die Öffnungen 20a herum stellt die Öffnung 20 der Platte 13 dar. Somit ist der Durchmesser der Öffnung 20 der Andruckplatte 16 kleiner als derjenige der Rohrbodenplatte 13, wodurch die Andruckplatte 16 im Bereich der Aufnahmeöffnungen 20a einen Anschlag für die von der anderen Seite in den Rohrboden 100 einzuführenden Rohre (hier nicht dargestellt) des Nachschaltwärmetauschers (hier nicht dargestellt) darstellt. Durch den größeren Außendurchmesser der Dichtringe 14 gegenüber dem Durchmesser der Öffnungen 20 der Rohrbodenplatte 13 können die Dichtringe 14 zwischen den Platten 13 und 12 formschlüssig gehalten werden. Die acht Senknieten 18 mit daran angebrachten Klemmringen 19 sind in vier Reihen und zwei Spalten jeweils neben- und untereinander angeordnet, wobei die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Senknieten 18 in etwa konstant sind. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the tube sheet 100 on the tube plate 13 and the plate thereon arranged pressure plate 16. The groove 21 for receiving the seal 17 a (see FIG. 1 ) runs circumferentially and parallel to the outer edge of the tube sheet 100 and is slightly offset from the edge to the inside. In FIG. 2 the thirty-two receiving openings 20a of the tube bottom 100 are shown. The outer dashed line running around each opening 20a represents the outer diameter of the sealing rings 14. The central dashed ring around the openings 20a represents the opening 20 of the plate 13. Thus, the diameter of the opening 20 of the pressure plate 16 is smaller than that the tube plate 13, whereby the pressure plate 16 in the region of the receiving openings 20a is a stop for the introduced from the other side in the tube plate 100 tubes (not shown here) of the Nachschaltwärmetauschers (not shown here). Due to the larger outer diameter of the sealing rings 14 relative to the diameter of the openings 20 of the tube plate 13, the sealing rings 14 between the plates 13 and 12 can be held positively. The eight countersunk rivets 18 with attached clamping rings 19 are arranged in four rows and two columns next to each other and each other, wherein the distances between the individual countersunk rivets 18 are approximately constant.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Schnittansicht entlang des Schnittes A-A aus Figur 2. Dort ist der geringere Durchmesser der Aufnahmeöffnung 20a im Bereich der Andruckplatte 16 erkennbar. Die von oben in den Rohrboden 100 einzuführenden Rohre (hier nicht dargestellt) weisen einen Außendurchmesser auf, der in etwa dem Innendurchmesser der Aufnahmeöffnung 20a entspricht, so dass die Rohre in die Aufnahmeöffnung 20a einführbar sind und an den in die Aufnahmeöffnung 20a hineinragenden Überstand der Andruckplatte 16 anschlagen. Die Öffnungen 20 der Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11 weisen einen größeren Durchmesser auf als die Öffnungen 20 der Rohrbodenplatten 12, 13, so dass die in die Öffnungen 20 der Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11 eingelegten Dichtringe 14 durch die daran anliegenden Rohrbodenplatten 12, 13 ortsstabil gehalten werden. Die Dichtungen 17a und 17b sind in die dafür vorgesehenen Nuten 21 in den Platten 13 und 12 sowie 15 eingelegt. Die Korrosionsschutzplatte 15 ist im Vergleich zu den anderen Platten 11, 12, 13, 16 mit einer deutlich geringeren Wandstärke ausgebildet. Die Dicke der Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11 entspricht im Wesentlichen der Dicke der Dichtringe 14. Die Rohrbodenplatten 12, 13 sind von einer etwas geringeren Wandstärke als die Rohrbodenmittelplatte 11; die Andruckplatte 16 weist wiederum eine geringere Wandstärke als die Platten 12, 13 auf. Der aus dem Rohrboden 100 vorstehende Teil der Senknieten 18 kann bspw. zur Befestigung weiterer Bauteile verwendet werden. FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the section AA FIG. 2 , There, the smaller diameter of the receiving opening 20a in the region of the pressure plate 16 can be seen. The tubes to be inserted from above into the tubesheet 100 (not shown here) have an outer diameter which approximately corresponds to the inner diameter of the receiving opening 20a, so that the tubes can be introduced into the receiving opening 20a and to the projection of the pressure plate projecting into the receiving opening 20a Strike 16. The openings 20 of the tube bottom center plate 11 have a larger diameter than the openings 20 of the tubesheet plates 12, 13, so that the inserted into the openings 20 of the tube plate middle plate 11 sealing rings 14 are held by the adjacent tube plate plates 12, 13 stationary. The seals 17 a and 17 b are inserted into the grooves 21 provided in the plates 13 and 12 and 15. The corrosion protection plate 15 is formed in comparison to the other plates 11, 12, 13, 16 with a much smaller wall thickness. The thickness of the tube bottom center plate 11 substantially corresponds to the thickness of the sealing rings 14. The tubesheet plates 12, 13 are of a slightly smaller wall thickness than the tubesheet center plate 11; the pressure plate 16 in turn has a smaller wall thickness than the plates 12, 13. The projecting from the tube sheet 100 part of the countersunk rivets 18 may, for example, be used to attach other components.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Schnittansicht entlang des Schnittes B-B aus Figur 2. Der am Senkniet 18 angeordnete Klemmring 19 liegt an der Andruckplatte 16 an und drückt diese gegen die Rohrbodenplatte 13. FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the section BB FIG. 2 , The arranged on Senkniet 18 clamping ring 19 abuts against the pressure plate 16 and presses against the tube plate bottom 13th

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100100
Rohrbodentube sheet
1111
RohrbodenmittelplatteTube bottom center plate
1212
abgasseitige Rohrbodenplatteexhaust gas tube plate
1313
hydraulische RohrbodenplatteHydraulic tube bottom plate
1414
O-RingeO-rings
1515
KorrosionsschutzplatteCorrosion protection plate
1616
Andruckplatteplaten
17a17a
Dichtungpoetry
17b17b
Dichtungpoetry
1818
SenknietCountersunk rivet
1919
Klemmringclamping ring
2020
Öffnungopening
20a20a
Aufnahmeöffnungreceiving opening
2121
Nutgroove
2222
Montagelöchermounting holes
2323
Öffnungopening

Claims (10)

Rohrboden (100) zur Aufnahme von Rohren eines Nachschaltwärmetauschers für einen Heizkessel, insbesondere einen Brennwertkessel, zum Kühlen und Kondensieren von Abgasen eines Brenners des Heizkessels, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohrboden (100) mehrschichtig ausgebildet ist, wobei die einzelnen Schichten (11, 12, 13, 15, 16) miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei wenigstens zwei Schichten (11, 12, 13, 16) aus Metall bestehen.Tubular floor (100) for receiving tubes of a Nachschaltwärmetauschers for a boiler, in particular a condensing boiler, for cooling and condensing exhaust gases of a burner of the boiler, characterized in that the tube sheet (100) is formed multi-layered, wherein the individual layers (11, 12 , 13, 15, 16), and wherein at least two layers (11, 12, 13, 16) are made of metal. Rohrboden nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der Außenschichten (15) des Rohrbodens (100) aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Material besteht.Tube plate according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the outer layers (15) of the tube plate (100) consists of a corrosion-resistant material. Rohrboden nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das korrosionsbeständige Material ein Kunststoff, bevorzugt ein Thermoplast, besonders bevorzugt Polytetrafluorethylen, ist.Tube sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that the corrosion-resistant material is a plastic, preferably a thermoplastic, more preferably polytetrafluoroethylene. Rohrboden nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Schichten (11, 12, 13, 15, 16) des Rohrbodens (100) jeweils miteinander korrespondierende Öffnungen (20) aufweisen, die zusammen Aufnahmeöffnungen (20a) zur Aufnahme von Rohren eines Nachschaltwärmetauschers bilden.Tube plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual layers (11, 12, 13, 15, 16) of the tube plate (100) each having mutually corresponding openings (20) which together receiving openings (20a) for receiving tubes of a Forming downstream heat exchanger. Rohrboden gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich jeder Aufnahmeöffnung (20a) eine Dichtung (14), insbesondere ein O-Ring, angeordnet ist, die zwischen Metallschichten (11, 13) des Rohrbodens (100) vermittels Formschlusses und/oder Kraftschlusses gehalten wird.Tube plate according to claim 4, characterized in that in the region of each receiving opening (20a) a seal (14), in particular an O-ring, is arranged between the metal layers (11, 13) of the tube bottom (100) by means of positive locking and / or frictional connection is held. Rohrboden gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraftschluss oder der Formschluss dergestalt ausgebildet ist, dass in einer mittleren Metallschicht (11) die Öffnungen (20) derart bemessen sind, dass in ihnen Dichtungen (14) formschlüssig aufnehmbar sind, und dass die sich zu jeder Seite anschließenden Metallschichten (12, 13) Öffnungen (20) aufweisen, die einen geringeren Durchmesser aufweisen als die Öffnungen (20) der mittleren Schicht (11).Tube bottom according to claim 5, characterized in that the frictional connection or the positive connection is formed such that in a middle metal layer (11) the openings (20) are dimensioned such that in them seals (14) are positively received, and that the metal layers (12, 13) adjoining each side have openings (20) which have a smaller diameter than the openings (20) of the middle layer (11). Rohrboden gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer der Schichten (16) des Rohrbodens (100), insbesondere in einer Außenschicht, im Bereich jeder Aufnahmeöffnung (20a) jeweils ein Anschlag für die Rohre des Nachschaltwärmetauschers vorgesehen ist.Tube plate according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that in each of the layers (16) of the tube plate (100), in particular in an outer layer, in the region of each receiving opening (20a) is provided a stop for the tubes of the Nachschaltwärmetauschers. Rohrboden nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohrboden (100) fünfschichtig ausgebildet ist, wobei die mittleren drei Schichten (11, 12, 13) aus Platten aus Edelstahl, eine äußere Schicht (16) aus einem Anpressblech und die andere äußere Schicht (15) aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Material bestehen.Tube plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube plate (100) is formed five-layer, wherein the middle three layers (11, 12, 13) of plates made of stainless steel, an outer layer (16) of a pressure plate and the other outer Layer (15) consist of a corrosion-resistant material. Nachschaltwärmetauscher für einen Heizkessel, insbesondere einen Brennwertkessel, zum Kühlen und Kondensieren von Abgasen eines Brenners des Heizkessels mit mindestens einem Rohrboden (100), der eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen (20) zur Aufnahme vom Rohren des Nachschaltwärmetauschers aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohrboden (100) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 ausgebildet ist.A secondary heat exchanger for a boiler, in particular a condensing boiler, for cooling and condensing exhaust gases of a burner of the boiler with at least one tubesheet (100) having a plurality of openings (20) for receiving the tubes of the Nachschaltwärmetauschers, characterized in that the tubesheet ( 100) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 8. Nachschaltwärmetauscher gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre aus Glas bestehen.Rear-mounted heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that the tubes are made of glass.
EP08007202.8A 2007-04-27 2008-04-11 Tube plate for residual heat exchanger Active EP1985956B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202007006208U DE202007006208U1 (en) 2007-04-27 2007-04-27 Tube bottom for secondary heat exchanger

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EP1985956A2 true EP1985956A2 (en) 2008-10-29
EP1985956A3 EP1985956A3 (en) 2009-03-18
EP1985956B1 EP1985956B1 (en) 2014-01-01

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DE (1) DE202007006208U1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101623769B (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-08 辽河石油勘探局 Processing method of porous tube plate of fuel oil steam injection boiler
US9302205B1 (en) 2014-10-14 2016-04-05 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet
US9303924B1 (en) 2014-10-14 2016-04-05 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet
US9581395B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-02-28 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet

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US4421160A (en) 1980-10-16 1983-12-20 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Shell and tube heat exchanger with removable tubes and tube sheets
WO1993004333A1 (en) 1991-08-12 1993-03-04 Henrik Lund A shell and tube heat exchanger and a process for the manufacture of perforated manifold end plates for such heat exchanger
DE19715627A1 (en) 1997-04-15 1999-01-21 Schott Glas Heat exchanger for removing heat from fluid in a reactor

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US2228549A (en) * 1938-12-19 1941-01-14 Fred M Young Laminated tube plate
US5323849A (en) * 1993-04-21 1994-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Corrosion resistant shell and tube heat exchanger and a method of repairing the same
DE10224263A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Behr Gmbh & Co Exhaust heat exchanger, particularly for motor vehicles with an exhaust gas return system, comprises a second tube plate which is constituted as an elastic movable bearing for the tube ends

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4421160A (en) 1980-10-16 1983-12-20 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Shell and tube heat exchanger with removable tubes and tube sheets
WO1993004333A1 (en) 1991-08-12 1993-03-04 Henrik Lund A shell and tube heat exchanger and a process for the manufacture of perforated manifold end plates for such heat exchanger
DE19715627A1 (en) 1997-04-15 1999-01-21 Schott Glas Heat exchanger for removing heat from fluid in a reactor

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101623769B (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-08 辽河石油勘探局 Processing method of porous tube plate of fuel oil steam injection boiler
US9302205B1 (en) 2014-10-14 2016-04-05 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet
US9303924B1 (en) 2014-10-14 2016-04-05 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet
JP2016080347A (en) * 2014-10-14 2016-05-16 ネプチューン−ベンソン,エルエルシー Multiple-segment type tube plate
JP2016080348A (en) * 2014-10-14 2016-05-16 ネプチューン−ベンソン,エルエルシー Multi-segmented tube sheet
US9494372B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2016-11-15 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet
US9581395B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-02-28 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet
US9630130B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-04-25 Neptune-Benson, Llc Multi-segmented tube sheet

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EP1985956B1 (en) 2014-01-01
DE202007006208U1 (en) 2008-09-04
EP1985956A3 (en) 2009-03-18

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