EP1961168A1 - Mobile station as a gateway for mobile terminals to an access network, and method for registering the mobile station and the mobile terminals in a network - Google Patents
Mobile station as a gateway for mobile terminals to an access network, and method for registering the mobile station and the mobile terminals in a networkInfo
- Publication number
- EP1961168A1 EP1961168A1 EP06819918A EP06819918A EP1961168A1 EP 1961168 A1 EP1961168 A1 EP 1961168A1 EP 06819918 A EP06819918 A EP 06819918A EP 06819918 A EP06819918 A EP 06819918A EP 1961168 A1 EP1961168 A1 EP 1961168A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- network
- mobile station
- key
- mobile
- aaa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
- H04W84/22—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks with access to wired networks
Definitions
- Mobile station as a gateway for mobile devices to a network to ⁇ gear and methods for network registration of the mobile station and the mobile terminal
- the invention relates to a mobile station (MS-GW) which is set up as a gateway for one or more mobile terminals (ME) to establish a connection between the mobile terminal (s) (ME) and an access network (ASN).
- MS-GW mobile station
- ASN access network
- the invention relates in particular to such mobile Sta ⁇ functions that communicate wirelessly with access networks (ASN), such as in WiMAX networks.
- the forth ⁇ tional Internet Protocol was originally not designed for mobile use.
- IP address which is fixed for the duration of the connection. If these computers migrate between different subnets, the connection can no longer be maintained according to the conventional IP standard. Also a change he network address is not provided even in a running connection, or it results in a termination of the connection.
- the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) enables the dynamic assignment of an IP address and other configuration parameters to a terminal or station in a network by means of a dedicated server. Such a device gets once it is connected to a network, automatic ⁇ shows a (still free) IP address assigned by the DHCP protocol. If DHCP is installed on a mobile device, then it only needs to come within the range of a local network that supports the configuration via the DHCP protocol. The DHCP protocol has a dynamic address possible, ie a free IP address is automatically assigned for a certain time. After this time, the request must either be made again by the mobile computer or the IP address can be assigned elsewhere.
- DHCP a mobile terminal without manual Konfigurati ⁇ on be integrated into a network.
- DHCP server only the DHCP server must be available.
- the mobile terminal can use in this way services of the local network.
- a potential service user can not appropriately address that device because its IP address changes in each network into which it is incorporated.
- IP Internet Protocol
- MIP Mobile IP
- the MIP protocol (RFC 2002, RFC 2977, RFC3344, RFC3846, RFC3957, RFC3775, RFC3776, RFC4285) supports the mobility of mobile devices by assigning them two IP addresses, namely a permanent home address and a second, temporary care-of address.
- the care-of address is the IP address under which the mobile terminal is currently accessible - eg in a network visited by it.
- the home agent (Home Agent) is a representative of the mobile terminal, as long as the mobile terminal is not located in the ur ⁇ sprün réelle home network.
- the home agent is constantly informed about the current location of the mobile computer.
- the home agent usually constitutes a component of a Rou ⁇ ters in the home network (or to an intermediate network) of the mobile terminal.
- the home agent provides a function to allow the mobile terminal can log on. Thereafter, the home agent forwards the addressed to the mobile terminal data packets ⁇ in the current network of the mobile terminal further.
- a foreign agent is located in the network in which the mobile terminal is moving.
- the foreign agent forwards incoming data packets to the mobile terminal or to the mobile computer.
- the foreign agent also typically represents a component of a router and routes administrative mobile data packets between the mobile terminal and its home agent.
- the foreign agent unpacks the tunnelled IP data packets sent by the home agent and forwards their data to the mobile terminal.
- a mobile terminal To be able to integrate a mobile terminal in a network, it must first learn whether it is in its home or a foreign network. In addition, the mobile terminal must know which station in the (possibly visited) network is the home agent or the foreign agent. This information is determined by an agent discovery.
- the mobile terminal can communicate its current location to its home agent (HA).
- HA home agent
- the mobile terminal sends the current care-of address to the home agent - as part of a registration request to the home agent.
- the home agent (HA) responds with a registration reply.
- the registration is secured by a pre Runaway ⁇ led authentication.
- the mobile terminal and the home agent then have shared secret keys, for example.
- the task of authentication is taken over by an authentication server assigned to the home agent in the home network (Home Connectivity Serving Network) of the mobile terminal, also called AAA server (AAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting). If the home agent is in a visited network (visited Connectivity Serving Network, CSN), a proxy authentication server will be provided to him in this network.
- CSN visited Connectivity Serving Network
- the home agent and the authentication server or its proxy can be modules on one and the same computer.
- Mobile data networks are usually realized by radio links. The messages then have to travel longer distances over air interfaces and are thus easily accessible to potential attackers. Security aspects therefore play a special role in mobile and wireless data networks.
- a mobile terminal therefore has as the first start ⁇ point in a visited network therefore usually an access network (Access Serving Network, ASN), which includes the base station for wireless transmission.
- ASN Access Serving Network
- WLAN Wireless Local Area Network, standard IEEE 802.11
- WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- WLAN achieves 54 Mb / s at 100 m distance (direct line of sight) due to the limited transmission power.
- Wi-Fi can only be used inside buildings for Wi-Fi, entire parts of the city can be used as Metrospots. meadows (about 800 - 1000 m radius).
- Three frequency bands around 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz with widths of 100 - 200 MHz are intended for WiMAX.
- WiMAX supports two variants of Mobile IP that enable macro mobility management: Proxy - Mobile IP and Client - Mobile IP (based on Mobile IPv4 or v6).
- the mobile terminal or the mobile station has mobile IP functionality.
- the terminal or the station with its own IP address and the ⁇ is adapted his / her home agent and has provided ent ⁇ speaking key for the communication.
- the terminal or the station then has a so-called terminal-based mobility management.
- Proxy-MIP the MIP client functionality is implemented by the WiMAX access network (WiMAX-ASN) rather than the mobile terminal itself.
- the functionality provided in the access network (ASN) is referred to as Proxy Mobile Node (PMN) or as PMIP client.
- PMN Proxy Mobile Node
- PMIP client handles MIP signaling as a proxy for the actual client, the mobile device.
- the mobile device then benefits from a so-called network-based mobility management provided by the PMIP client.
- Micro-MM is here the procedure for the transfer ei ⁇ ner mobile station or a mobile terminal called, which alternates between two access networks (ASN) and between networks of two network providers (NAP, Network Access Provider). Macro MM is also referred to as R3 mobility or inter-ASN mobility in WiMAX.
- HN home network CSN
- the home agent (HA) at the authentication server (AAA-MS) of the mobile station (MS) queries security parameters during an authentication following the registration. These parameters are needed so that only an authorized client can register with the home agent (HA).
- the address of the home agent (HA) is assigned to the CMIP or PMIP client.
- the home agent (HA) can be located in the home network (HN) or in the visited intermediate network (CSN). These basic functionalities must be maintained.
- Proxy Mobile IP supports the mobility of non-MIP-enabled mobile devices (ME).
- GW gateway
- ASN access network
- BS base station
- NAP network operators
- DSL gateways are often used in the home area and not on the side of a network provider. Behind such gateways are - seen from the network provider - mobile
- Terminals available. In this case, only the subscription with the one network provider itself is possible, which is the gateway has mediated.
- the mobile terminals have no sub ⁇ script.
- EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 3748
- RFC 3748 Extensible Authentication Protocol
- the gateway takes namely at least in possession of the IP address and a common key with the respective permanent ⁇ to authentication server of the home network to be a mobile terminal.
- the mobile terminal rates as well as the gateway itself have no mobility, for example, they depend on the location of the hotel.
- a mobile station having the features of claim 1, wherein the mobile station itself is used as a gateway.
- a terminal network comprised mo ⁇ bilen terminals and the mobile station used as a gateway is specified in claim fourteenth
- a system of networks which comprises the terminal network, an access network, an inter-network and at least one home network for one of the mobile terminals and a further home network for the mobile gateway station is specified in claim 16.
- the PMIP client which enables a network-based mobility management to assign a mobile statuses on ⁇ (MS-GW), which is configured as a gateway for one or more mobile terminals (ME).
- MS-GW network-based mobility management to assign a mobile statuses on ⁇
- ME mobile terminals
- the PMIP client functionality is therefore moved from the gateway in the access network (ASN) into the area of the mobile terminals (ME).
- the terms mobile station and mobile terminal can also refer to the same types of computers.
- the mobile station here has the property of being set up as a gateway. It therefore has additional, beyond the mobile devices Merkma ⁇ le as on the logical side about address tables of registered in the terminal network terminals, and on the physical side eg network card for network cable connection and / or transmitting / receiving device for wireless radio waves.
- the terminal network is determined by the infrastructure of the mobile station (MS-GW) used as the gateway.
- the gateway has two data inputs / outputs in order to be able to establish connections between networks and / or individual peers.
- the mobile terminals communicate with the gateway mobile station (MS-GW) wirelessly or by wire.
- Examples are a local WLAN network or an Ethernet cable network.
- the invention can be used in WiMAX networks.
- the gateway mobile station then communicates on its output side - viewed from the mobile terminals - wirelessly with a base station (BS) of an access network (ASN).
- BS base station
- ASN-GW gateway
- the connection can continue via intermediate networks to the home networks of both the mobile station (MS-GW) and the mobile terminals (ME).
- these home networks may be different, so that any subscriptions for the mobile terminals are possible.
- the mobile station can also be used on the server side in a WLAN network.
- WiMAX networks however, the advantage of the invention appears more clearly: mobile means of transport can lead the gateway mobile ⁇ station (MS-GW) with it. Road users who board this means of transport can register themselves with their mobile terminal (ME) on their home network (HN2) - via the gateway mobile station (MS-GW). Examples of such means of transport are taxis, buses, railways , airplanes, ships, etc. With ranges at WiMAX of less than 1 km with dense development, good network coverage may be required.
- the gateway mobile station (MS-GW) provides the PMIP functionality, the terminals do not need to have Mobile IP installed. Namely, the gateway mobile station (MS-GW) occurs as a client in the mobile IP connection instead of the mobile terminal when communicating with a home agent (HA) of the access network (CSN) connected to the access network (ASN).
- HA home agent
- CSN access network
- ASN access network
- a key objective is therefore to provide secure mobile device (ME) support that does not communicate directly with the WiMAX access network but via wireless technology such as WLAN IEEE 802.11 or WiMAX IEEE 802.16 or via a wired technology such as Ethernet IEEE 802.3 the WiMAX-enabled gateway MS are connected under the WiMAX architecture to ensure access to the WiMAX network.
- wireless technology such as WLAN IEEE 802.11 or WiMAX IEEE 802.16
- wired technology such as Ethernet IEEE 802.3
- a separate key is set up, with which the mobile station (MS-GW) secures the corresponding messages
- a separate key is set up, with which the mobile station (MS-GW) exchanges messages with a
- Proxy authentication server (AAA-P) in the access network (ASN) secures.
- PMIP-key, GW-AAA-key are generated or stored in the mobile station (MS-GW) used as gateway.
- a first embodiment provides to derive this (first) key (PMIP-key) from an already existing (second) key (CMIP-key).
- PMIP-key first key
- CMIP-key already existing key
- MS-GW operates a terminal-based mobility management (CMIP) for its own mobility.
- CMIP-key is generated during the registration of the mobile station (MS-GW) with respect to its authentication server (AAA-MS) or generated during the EAP-based authentication, or is preconfigured.
- Such a second key can also be transmitted as stipulateinforma ⁇ tion (MSK) from the authentication server to protect the air interface in WiMAX or WLAN against attacks of third parties. Then the first key (PMIP-key, GW-AAA-key) is derived from this key information.
- MSK societyinforma ⁇ tion
- Another embodiment provides for pre-configuring the first key (PMIP-key, GW-AAA-key) as such in the mobile station.
- Preconfiguring here means that before the steps of the authentication, address assignment, Registration etc. already exists in the mobile station (MS-GW) used as gateway.
- Authentication server has been distribution without the presence of an automated mechanism for a key ⁇ preconfigured usually static.
- the mentioned variants of a dynamic transmission or derivation of the first key (PMIP key, GW-AAA key) from existing or transmitted keys (MSK, CMIP key, etc.) represent advantageous embodiments because of the complexity is significantly reduced for preconfiguration.
- the first key in the case of PMIP keys not only be present at the mo ⁇ bilen station (MS-GW) but also in the authentication server (AAA-MS).
- AAA-MS authentication server
- AAA-AAA-key because the responsible proxy authentication server (AAA-P) according to the invention is already created in the access network (ASN), this key is used alternatively by the foreign agent (FA) as an alternative to the proxy.
- FA foreign agent
- a further embodiment provides for simplified key management in such a way that for many or all mobile terminals (ME) registered with the mobile station (MS) in the terminal network (EN), the same first key (PMIP-key, GW-AAA) is used. key) is used in communication with the home agent (HA).
- HA home agent
- the mobile terminals must be assigned IP addresses for improved communication.
- An assignment of IP addresses for the mobile terminals (ME) is provided within the scope of the invention. This can be done for example by a so-called.
- the home agent may be located in the visited intermediate network (CSN) or home network (HNL), depending on where the mobile station is located.
- CSN visited intermediate network
- HNL home network
- the home network can also be a network of the type "CSN" (Connectivity Serving Network).
- FIG. 1 shows a network structure or system of networks with network-based mobility management (PMIP) according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows the connection setup in a network structure according to FIG. 1 with PMIP;
- FIG. 3 shows a network structure or system of networks with network-based mobility management (PMIP) according to an example according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a detail of the connection setup with authentication steps of the gateway and a ME according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- PMIP network-based mobility management
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a network structure or a system of WiMAX or WLAN networks communicating with each other according to the prior art.
- the communication in the illustrated system is subject to network-based mobility management (PMIP).
- PMIP network-based mobility management
- the mobile terminal (ME) 1 is connected via a wireless WiMAX or WLAN interface 2 to a base station (BS) 3 of an access network (ASN) 4.
- the mobile terminal 1 is any mobile terminal, for example a laptop, a PDA, a mobile telephone, or another mobile terminal. It does not fulfill a gateway function, but literally is a terminal device.
- the base station (BS) 3 of the access network (ASN) 4 is connected via a data transmission line 5 to a gateway (ASN-GW) 6 of the access network 4.
- the gateway 6 more functions are integrated, in particular a foreign ⁇ agent (FA) 6A, 6B, a PMIP client, a client authorization article (AAA client) 6C and a DHCP proxy server 6D.
- the foreign agent 6 is a router, the routing services for the mobile Endge ⁇ advises 1 provides.
- the ge to the mobile terminal 1 ⁇ oriented tunnels data packets are transmitted from a home agent (HA) bought and unpacked by the foreign agent (FA) 6A.
- the gateway 6 of the access network 4 is connected via an interface 7 to a computer 8 of an intermediate network (CSN) 9.
- the computer 8 comprises a DHCP server 8A, a home agent (HA) 8B and a proxy authentication server (AAA-P) 8C.
- the home agent 8B is representative of the mobile terminal 1 if it is not in its original home network 12
- HNl home agent
- the home agent 8B is constantly informed about the aktuel ⁇ len location of the mobile computer.
- 1 Data ⁇ packets for the mobile terminal 1 are first at the home agent (HA) and forwarded by the home agent (HA) to the foreign agent (FA) 6A.
- data packets that are sent from the mobile terminal 1 are sent to the respective communication partner directly ⁇ .
- the data packets of the mobile Endgerä ⁇ tes 1 contain the home address as sender address.
- the home address has the same address prefix, ie, network address and subnet address, as home agent 8B.
- Data packets sent from other communication partners to the home address of the mobile terminal 1 are intercepted by the home agent 8B.
- the home agent 8B packs this data and transmits it tunnelled to the care-of address of the mobi ⁇ len terminal 1 in the area of the access network. At the end of the tunnel, they are received by the foreign agent 6A or the mobile terminal 1 itself.
- the computer 8 of the intermediate network 9 is connected via a further interface 10 to an authentication server (AAA-SERVER) 11 of a home network 12 of the mobile terminal 1.
- AAA-SERVER authentication server
- FIG. 2 shows the exemplary procedure of a network login of the mobile terminal (ME) when the home agent (HA) is located in the visited network, as shown in FIG. 1 is shown.
- a radio link between the mobile terminal (ME) of the base station (BS) After a radio link between the mobile terminal (ME) of the base station (BS) is made, there is first an access authentication. Authentication, authorization and accounting are performed using authentication servers. Authen- tication messages are exchanged between the mobile terminal (ME) and the authentication server (AAA-SERVER) of the home network (HN). Based on this message exchange, the address of the home agent (HA) and an authentication key are obtained.
- the authentication server (AAA-SERVER) in the home network (HN) keeps the profile data of the subscriber.
- the authentication server receives a first authentication request, which includes a part ⁇ participants identity of the mobile terminal (ME).
- ME mobile terminal
- MSK Master Session Key
- the MSK key is transmitted by the authentication server of the home network (HN) via the intermediate network (CSN) to the access network (ASN).
- the mobile terminal In network-based mobility management (PMIP), the mobile terminal (ME) does not support Mobile IP. It can be used to play ⁇ In a corresponding MIP software is not activated or installed in the mobile terminal.
- PMIP network-based mobility management
- the gateway 6 provides the authenticator and the PMIP client for the mobile terminal (ME), thereby assuming its mobile IP communication.
- DHCP proxy 6D is configured based on this data.
- the mobile terminal When Proxy Mobile IP, the mobile terminal (ME) only recognizes ei ⁇ ne of the two from the DHCP server assigned IP addresses. Only the assigned by the DHCP server care-of address is known to the mobile terminal, the home address is not the mobile device itself, but only the PMIP client, the foreign Agen ⁇ th and the home agent known. In the case of mobility management (CMIP) terminal-based would the mobile terminal 1 is ⁇ ne two IP addresses, the home address as well know the care-of address.
- CMIP mobility management
- the mobile terminal MS After successful authentication and authorization, the mobile terminal MS sends a so-called DHCP discovery message. It Now a dialog with an IP address assignment between mobile terminal (ME), DHCP proxy and DHCP server takes place.
- an MIP registration is performed, informing the home agent of the current location of the mobile terminal.
- the mobile terminal representing PMIP client sends a re ⁇ gistréessanbig (Registration Request) to the home agent (HA) that the current care-of address contains.
- the home agent accepts the care-of-address and replies with a registration reply.
- the registration request is transmitted from a PMIP client within the access network via a foreign agent (FA) to the home agent (HA).
- the home agent (HA) assigns the key for the subscriber from the associated authentication server (AAA-SERVER) and transmits it with the MIP registration response via the home agent (HA) to the PMIP client.
- PMIP network-based mobility management
- AAA authentication server
- Figure 3 shows an inventive example of a network structure or structural ⁇ a system of intercommunicating Wi-MAX networks.
- the communication in the illustrated system here too is subject to network-based mobility management (PMIP).
- PMIP network-based mobility management
- the WiMAX interface between a used as gateway 16 mobile station 16A and the base station 3 is located in the access network 4.
- the access ⁇ network having an infrastructure similar to FIG. 1, but without the PMIP client 6B. Instead, a PMIP client 16B resides in the gateway 16 of the mobile station 16A.
- the authentication client 6C (AAA-CLIENT-MS) in the access network is restricted to the mobile station 16A or the gateway 16.
- Contained for the connected in the ER by the gateway 16 network 17 terminal (EN) mobile devices 19A-19D (MEL-MEn) are Authentikationsclients 16C provided in the gate way ⁇ sixteenth
- a home network 12 must be used for the mobile station 16A or the gateway 16 and home networks 13 are distinguished for the mobile terminals 19A-D.
- the home network 12 includes a gateway 16 associated authentication server 14 (AAA-MS) and the home networks 13 umfas ⁇ sen each authentication server 15 (AAA-ME).
- FIG. 4 shows a section of a network application procedure according to a possible variant according to the invention. Only the part concerning the authentication is shown. The authentication is divided into two sections.
- the gateway or the mo ⁇ bile station (MS-GW) 16 authenticates itself to the authentication server (AAA-MS) by means of the authenticator (ASN-GW) 8 (a ⁇ finally the Authentikationsclients 6C (AAA-MS) ) and the Proxy Authentication Server (AAA Proxy) 8C.
- ASN-GW authenticator
- AAA-MS the Authentikationsclients 6C
- AAA Proxy Proxy Authentication Server
- an EAP protocol against ⁇ the mobile station which here acts as the authenticator authenticates the mobi ⁇ len terminals (MEL MEn) also according to above its authentication server (AAA-ME) means.
- the authenticator receives the key MSK (Master Session Key) from the authentication server (AAA-MS) after successful authentication.
- MSK Master Session Key
- Both the authenticator 8 (ASN-GW) and the mobile station (MS-GW) used as gateway 16 derive the key AK from this.
- a secure wireless connection according to IEEE 802.16 / 16e will be performed between the mobile station 16 and the WiMAX base station (BS).
- PMIP-key For the PMIP client in the gateway 16 of the mobile station, at the end of this step, there is a suitable mobility key (PMIP-key) with which the communication to the home agent (HA) can be secured.
- PMIP-key In the present example on the side of Authentikationsservers (AAA-MS) and the mobile station (MS-GW) is derived mobility key (PMIP key) from handenem before ⁇ key material.
- AAA-MS Authentikationsservers
- MS-GW mobile station
- PMIP key derived mobility key from handenem before ⁇ key material.
- the key Informa ⁇ tions are available on both sides because they could be exchanged in the EAP authentication in the frame.
- the gateway employed as ⁇ mo bile station exchanges EAP messages to the proxy
- This proxy authentication server now has, according to the invention, the special feature on, the addresses of each responsible for the mobile terminals ⁇ the literal authentication server (AAA-ME) to dissolve and to share those messages with them. It is but it is also possible that the authentication servers (AAA-MS) and (AAA-ME) are identical.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005060349 | 2005-12-16 | ||
DE102006015033.3A DE102006015033B4 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-03-31 | Mobile station as a gateway for mobile terminals to an access network and method for network registration of the mobile station and the mobile terminals |
PCT/EP2006/069389 WO2007068640A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-06 | Mobile station as a gateway for mobile terminals to an access network, and method for registering the mobile station and the mobile terminals in a network |
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EP1961168A1 true EP1961168A1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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EP06819918A Withdrawn EP1961168A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-06 | Mobile station as a gateway for mobile terminals to an access network, and method for registering the mobile station and the mobile terminals in a network |
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US (1) | US8036191B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1961168A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101375563B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006015033B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007068640A1 (en) |
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