EP1958110A1

EP1958110A1 - Method for authoring location-based web contents, and appapatus and method for receiving location-based web data service in digital mobile terminal

Info

Publication number: EP1958110A1
Application number: EP06824088A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Bong-Ho Lee; So-Ra Park; Hee-Jeong Kim; Chung-Hyun Ahn; Soo-In Lee
Original assignee: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
Current assignee: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
Priority date: 2005-12-09
Filing date: 2006-12-11
Publication date: 2008-08-20
Also published as: KR100818934B1; WO2007067022A1; EP1958110A4; KR20070061312A

Abstract

Provided are a method for authoring location based web contents, and an apparatus and method for receiving a location based web data service in a digital mobile terminal. The method for authoring location-based web contents, includes the steps of authoring a voice web document related to a location by using a voice-based web markup language, putting a location information-related tag inside the voice web document, to thereby create a location-related voice web document, authoring a graphic web document related to a location by using a graphic-based web markup language (e.g., HyperText Markup Language), and integrating the location-related voice web document with the graphic web document.

Description

METHOD FOR AUTHORING LOCATION-BASED WEB

CONTENTS, AND APPAPATUS AND METHOD FOR

RECEIVING LOCATION-BASED WEB DATA SERVICE IN

DIGITAL MOBILE TERMINAL

Technical Field

[1] The present invention relates to a method for authoring location-based web

contents, and an apparatus and method for receiving a location-based web data service in a digital mobile terminal. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for authoring location-based web contents, and an apparatus and method for receiving a location-based web data service in a digital mobile terminal, which are capable of providing a user with a location-based data service not only in graphics but also in voice by including location-related information in web information expressed in a voice-based web markup language such as a VoiceXML markup language, i.e., a markup language which is devised to express web information in speech format.

[2]

Background Art

[3] Broadcasting Web Sites (BWS), one of conventional methods for providing a web data service, is deployed in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB), in which web information is processed by using HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and then sent in order to provide a user with a web-based data service.

[4] Such a BWS service providing method provides a web service by establishing as standard HTML3.2 that has a relatively low complexity in terms of implementation in consideration of the receiver performance, and transmitting web information together with simple multimedia such as "jpg" and "png".

[5] In case of providing a location-based web data service by using the above-described conventional scheme, however, there was a problem that it is impossible to provide the service by way of including location information related to corresponding contents (namely, service) in the contents in view of the current standard. To resolve this problem, some of web data services support scripts, but they are not allowed under the current standard, either.

[6] Consequently, there has been a great need for a new voice-based location-related data service that can be unified with an existing graphic-based BWS service. If such a service is available, a location-related data service can be provided not only in graphics but also in voice. Furthermore, no matter where a user goes, he or she can access a desired service automatically or at his or her request, and view or listen to the location- related service if it is available.

[7]

Disclosure of Invention

Technical Problem

[8] It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a method for authoring location-based web contents, and an apparatus and method for receiving a location- based web data service in a digital mobile terminal, which are capable of providing a user with a location-based data service not only in graphics but also in voice by including located-related information in web information expressed in a voice-based web markup language such as a VoiceXML markup language, i.e., a markup language which is devised to express web information in speech format.

[9]

Technical Solution

[10] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for authoring location-based web contents, including the steps of: authoring a voice web document related to a location by using a voice-based web markup language; and putting a location information-related tag inside the voice web document, to thereby create a location-related voice web document.

[11] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for receiving a location-based web data service in a digital mobile terminal, including: a receiving means for receiving location-based web contents into which location information is inserted; and a web service execution platform for executing the received web contents associated with the location information, to thereby provide a web service in speech format or in graphic format.

[12] In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for receiving a location-based web data service in a digital mobile terminal, including the steps of: receiving location-based web contents into which location information is inserted; and executing the received location-based web contents to thereby provide a location-based web service in speech format or graphic format.

[13] The other objectives and advantages of the invention will be understood by the following description and will also be appreciated by the embodiments of the invention more clearly. Further, the objectives and advantages of the invention will readily be seen that they can be realized by the means and its combination specified in the claims.

[14]

Advantageous Effects [15] As mentioned above and will be described below, the present invention can provide a data service related to a particular location by adding location information related to contents or data service to a VoiceXML web document through location-related tags.

[16] Accordingly, a user who is under mobile environments (for example, a user during driving or walking) can receive useful web information related to the user's own current location in voice at his or her request or automatically.

[17] In other words, the present invention can provide a data service related to a

particular location not only in graphic format but also in speech format. Moreover, this service makes it possible to provide a user with a corresponding service (contents) in graphic along with in speech format automatically or at the request of the user, if any, at the time when the user of a digital mobile terminal moves to a specific position.

[18]

Brief Description of the Drawings

[19] The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[20] Fig. 1 is an explanatory view of one example of location information that is applied to the present invention;

[21] Fig. 2 is an explanatory view of one example of the separation of an application- related location that is applied to the present invention;

[22] Fig. 3 is a flowchart describing a method for authoring location-based web contents in a location-based web data server in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

[23] Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a location-based web data service receiving apparatus in a digital mobile terminal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and

[24] Fig. 5 illustrates a detailed block diagram of the location-based web service

execution platform shown in Fig. 4.

[25]

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[26] The above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages will be more apparent by the following detailed description associated with the accompanying drawings, and thus, the invention will be readily carried out by those skilled in the art. Further, in the following description, well-known arts will not be described in detail if it seems that they could obscure the invention in unnecessary detail. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be set forth in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. [27] The present invention suggests a method and apparatus for unifying and expressing location information in order to provide a location-related web-based data service in graphics format as well as in voice format.

[28] To provide such a location-related web data service by unifying location information, which could not be added because of the limit of the above-described conventional method, with a markup language suitable for providing a voice type web service, the following technical problems should be resolved.

[29] Firstly, a precise definition should be given to location information. In the present invention, the location information refers to the information that is to be actually described in contents and specifies an arbitrary zone or coordinates defined in a service. This location information is required for matching with real-time location information that is actually updated in a terminal.

[30] Secondly, it is necessary to integrate the defined location information with contents.

In general, the specified location information should be described somewhere, together with contents being transmitted. For its actual implementation, the integration should be done in an efficient way.

[31] Thirdly, a desired service must be provided to a user by using the location information. That is to say, a desired service must be provided to a user automatically or at the user's request by utilizing the defined and integrated location information.

[32] Now, the integration of location information and contents, and a method for

providing a service through such integration will be described in detail.

[33] First of all, the location information is explained below.

[34] Nowadays, the location information, departing from the original concept as location information simply, is widely used as basic information whose transmission is ensured through various mediums and which can provide useful information if it is to be related to other information.

[35] Some mobile terminals such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and navigation system incorporate therein a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver (receiving module) that receives the location information, and provide services using the information to a user in real-time. The importance of the location information is also being increased in a digital broadcasting field, as in the existing local service environment or service environment like mobile communications, and a study for diverse services applying the same is underway.

[36] In general, the location information can be divided into latitude, longitude and

altitude, as shown in Fig. 1. Such location information makes it possible to acquire the location of a terminal, particularly the location of the terminal's user, in real-time through the GPS receiver. The location information used herein is defined as follows:

[37] Cell center information: latitude, longitude and altitude; and

[38]

Cell range information: latitude deviation, longitude deviation and altitude deviation. Herein, the cell embodies an area where is properly divided and identified.

[39] When the above-described location information is utilized for a digital mobile

terminal, one merit is that it is associated with data transmitted over a broadcasting network, thereby providing a location-related data service. In one embodiment of the present invention, location information of a specific range is included in data contents being transmitted over a broadcasting network, and thus, its related data service can be provided to only a user within the corresponding location coverage. This type of service can be advantageously used in advertisements, or in transmission of various local information, including announcement information of the public information. More specifically, when such a service is applied to the advertisement, special discount information of a specific department store may be automatically provided to users around the department store, that is, users within a specific location coverage designated in contents.

[40] To make these examples possible, it is required to consider that the location information goes beyond its own simple concept and has a broader meaning in a mobile receiving service as depicted in Fig. 2. Referring to Fig. 2, with regard to the mobile receiving service, there exists a transmission coverage 121 covered by a broadcasting network, which can be divided into a cell coverage 122 and a cell center point 123 in a narrow sense.

[41] The transmission coverage 121 denotes a range to which a transmitted signal can reach. For instance, in DAB/DMB broadcasting systems, the transmission coverage is identified and defined by Transmitter Identification Information (TII).

[42] Further, the cell coverage 122 indicates a region having small-scaled sections in the transmission coverage 121. In the above example, a surrounding area of the department store may be the cell coverage. This may be a logically divided area, or a coverage of a repeater for covering an area where a transmitted signal cannot reach. Thus, data designated as a particular cell coverage can be serviced to users who are located within the corresponding cell coverage or to allowed users only.

[43] Moreover, as shown in Fig. 1, the cell coverage indicates a location within a predetermined deviation (that is, latitude deviation, longitude deviation and altitude deviation) from the cell center point 101. Usually, it is overlapped with other cells. And, the cell center point denotes an arbitrarily defined central position of each cell. In practice, the cell center point 123 is used as an origin or basis when the cell coverage 122 and the transmission coverage 121 are set up.

[44] In order for the defined location information to be serviced actually, it should be combined with web contents and a digital mobile terminal. This will be explained later in detail with reference to Fig. 4.

[45] To implement such a service, the present invention provides a method for unifying the location information explained through Figs. 1 and 2 with a voice-based web markup language VoiceXML that can be transmitted over a broadcasting network and also inputted/outputted in speech format. This will also be explained later.

[46] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method and apparatus for

providing a location-based web data service in receipt of actual location information from a digital mobile terminal by using the above-described method. This will be explained later in more detail with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.

[47] VoiceXML is a markup language in which web information can be accessed by using the speech inputted and outputted from an I/O device. When a digital mobile terminal incorporates a browser capable of executing an application therein, it can perform a web-based browsing function by way of outputting web information in speech format to a user and at the same time by allowing the speech input. Such VoiceXML is one of extensible Markup Languages (XMLs), and can easily extend other related elements, e.g., tags and also be integrated with other markup languages.

[48] Thus, the location information is basically one meta information and should be associated with at least one application (which is organized in VoiceXML document). To this end, the location information must be provided within a root document that is a high-level document of each application. Here, one root document should have more than one service related to location, or applications.

[49] In the present invention, therefore, location information-related tags (<location> tags) to be integrated in voiceXML together for the combination of the location information and contents are defined in Table 1 below.

[50] Table 1

[51]

[52] Table 1 illustrates only latitude and longitude as the location information, but the location information is not limited thereto and may further include altitude if necessary. In addition, the <location> tags specified in the above-illustrated table may be defined as other types of names. Moreover, in the integration of the location-related tags into VoiceXML, a different name space can be designated separately to integrate with VoiceXML, or the location information-related tags may be extended to extend VoiceXML.

[53] The following is an example of the integration of the location information into

VoiceXML using the <location> tags.

[54]

[55] <root>

[56] <location id = "thisjocation" longitude = "+35.1" latitude ="+150.4" devlong =

"+0.5" devlati = "+0.1" doc = "event_of_today.vxml">

[57] </root>

[58]

[59] <vxml>

[60] <script>

[61] <![CDATA[

[62] function getLocation()

[63] var location = new arraryO;

[64] location[0] = GPS_getLongitute().longitute

[65] location[l] = GPS_getLatitute().latitute;

[66] return (location);

[67] ]]>

[68] </script>

[69]

[70] <script>

[71] function matchedDocument( )

[72] var nextdoc = "NULL" ;

[73] var curr_location = getLocation( );

[74] var doc_location = new array Q; [75] doc_location[0] = document.getElementbyldC'thisJocation'^.longitute;

[76] doc_location[l] = document.geiElementbyId(''this_location'').latitute;

[77] doc_location[2] = document.getElementbyId("this_location").devlong;

[78] doc_location[3] = document.getElementbyId("this_location").devlati;

[79]

[80] if ((doc_location[2] > (abs(doc_location[0]-curr_location[0]))) && (doc_location[3

] > (abs(doc_location[l]-curr_location[l]))))

[81] nextdoc = document.getElementbyId("this_location").doc;

[82] else

[83] nextdoc = getPreviousPage();

[84] return(nextdoc);

[85]

[86] </script>

[87]

[88] <form id ="myloc_service">

[89] <grammar src = "location.grxml" type = "application/srgs+xml" />

[90] <prompt>

[91] You're getting in the location service world !

[92] You location is checking..

[93] If there is any matched page or application in this VeBWS service

[94] It will directly move to that pages.

[95] </prompt>

[96] <goto expr ="matchedDocument()"/>

[97] </form>

[98] </vxml>

[99]

[100] Before explaining Figs. 4 and 5, a method for authoring location-based web

contents applied to a location-based web data server 30 will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Since a considerable portion of the method is already described, the overall procedure will be outlined here for simplicity.

[101] The location-based web data server 30 first creates a voice web document related to location by using a voice-based markup language (e.g., VoiceXML) at step S201, and then puts a location information-related tag inside the voice web document, to thereby create location-related voice web document at step S202. That is, the location-related voice web document is acquired by putting a location information-related tag into the voice web document. Here, the location information-related tag include tag

identifier(TI), longitude and latitude of the center of a cell, deviations in longitude and latitude from the center of a cell, and information that indicates a location information- related web document. If the location-related web document is a multi-document, it is characterized by including the same in the root document.

[102] Next, the location-based web data server 30 creates a graphic web document related to location by using a graphic-based web markup language, e.g., hypertext markup language (HTML) at step S203. Although the step S203 is illustrated in Fig. 3 to be performed after the steps S201 and S202, it may be carried out in parallel with the steps S201 and S202.

[103] After creating the graphic web document at step S203, at step S204, the location- based web data server 30 integrates it with the location-related voice web document in which the location information-related tag is put in the step S202.

[104] Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a location-based web data service receiving apparatus in a digital mobile terminal in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, a method for receiving a location-based web data service applied to the location-based web data service receiving apparatus will also be discussed together.

[105] As mentioned with reference to Fig. 3, the location-based web data server 30

creates a location-related web application document by using VoiceXML and the location-related tag <location>, and transmits the document to a digital mobile terminal 31 of a user over a unidirectional network (e.g., broadcasting network) or a bidirectional network.

[106] In other words, the location-based web data server 30 creates location-based web data service contents by employing VoiceXML and the location information-related tag <location> so that a receiving end can output the location information-related web data in graphic as well as in speech format.

[107] As mentioned above, the location information-related tag includes attributes of identifier, longitude and latitude of the center of a cell, deviations in longitude and latitude from the center of a cell, and information that indicates a location information- related web document. To be more specific, as listed in Table 1, the location information-related tag includes "id" as a tag identifier, "longitude" as a longitude of the center of a cell, "latitude" as a latitude of the center of a cell, "devlong" as a longitude deviation from the center of a cell, "devlati" as a latitude deviation from the center of a cell, and "doc" indicating a location information-related web document. Accordingly, the location-based web data service contents are created by using such location information-related tag and its attributes.

[108] Meanwhile, the digital mobile terminal 31 includes a location-based web data

service receiving apparatus 32 and a GPS receiving module 33. In particular, the location-based web data service receiving apparatus 32 of the invention includes a broadcasting receiving module 321, a location-based web service execution platform 322, and a bidirectional receiving module 323, each of which is described in detail below.

[109] First of all, the broadcasting receiving module 321 receives 'location-based web contents into which location information is inserted' transmitted over a broadcasting network such as a unidirectional network, while the bidirectional receiving module 323 receives 'location-based web contents into which location information is inserted' additionally transmitted over a bidirectional network.

[110] Meanwhile, the location-based web service platform 323 executes the 'location information-related web contents' received through the broadcast receiving module 321 or the bidirectional receiving module 323, and provides a voice or graphic web service. This will be explained below in detail with reference to Fig. 5.

[Ill] Fig. 5 is a detailed block diagram of the location-based web service execution

platform shown in Fig. 4 in accordance with the present invention. Hereinafter, a location-based web service procedure applied to the location-based web service execution platform will also be discussed together.

[112] As illustrated in Fig. 5, the location-based web service execution platform 322

includes an interpreter and execution unit 41, a voice input unit 42, a synchronization processing unit 43, a visual output unit 44, a voice output unit 45 and a location information processing unit 46. Each of the components will now be explained in detail below.

[113] The interpretation and execution unit 41 interprets the 'location information-related web contents' received through the broadcast receiving module 321 or the bidirectional receiving module 323, divides the contents into a location-related voice web document and a graphic web document, and executes the divided location-related voice web document and graphic web document.

[114] The voice output unit 42 outputs the location-related voice web document executed in the interpretation and execution unit 41 in voice, while the visual output unit 44 outputs the graphic web document executed in the interpretation and execution unit 41 in graphics.

[115] The synchronization processing unit 43 synchronizes the voice output unit 42 with the visual output unit 44. More specifically, it synchronizes an output of the voice output unit 42 with an output of the visual output unit 44 by using a synchronization tag for synchronization between the graphic web document and the location-related voice web document in the web contents. That is to say, there are separate tags (e.g., synchronization tags) for synchronized execution between visual (graphic)-based web documents and elements such as HTML and VoiceXML documents and elements represented as voice-based web documents. So, if the synchronization is associated with the location information, graphic web documents and elements are synchronized with voice web documents through the synchronization processing unit 43 and then executed.

[116] The voice input unit 42 receives user's speech by recognizing it. Then, the interpretation and execution unit 41 controls the execution of web contents according to the user's request inputted through the voice input unit 42. That is, the location-related voice web document is acquired by putting a location information-related tag into a voice web document. Here, the voice web document is written in VoiceXML markup language. As discussed above, such a location information-related tag includes attributes of tag identifier, longitude and latitude of the center of a cell, deviations in longitude and latitude from the center of a cell, information that indicates a location information-related web document and the like.

[117] The location information processing unit 46 receives the location information of the digital mobile terminal 31 from the GPS receiving module (GPS receiver) 33, and interworks with the interpretation and execution unit 46 so that web contents which contain location information that matches with the received location information can be executed. At this time, if a web document is a multi-document, the location information processing unit 46 compares the received location information with the location information in the root document to determine whether the location information matches with each other. If so, the location information processing unit 46 generates and sends a related event or a specific signal to the interpretation and execution unit 41 so that the multi-document can be transited to a document specified in the corresponding location information, or can be loaded and interpreted in the interpretation and execution unit 41 for execution.

[118] In short, the location information processing unit 46 updates, tracks, and matches the location information and generates an event accordingly so that the web contents containing the location information matching with the location information received from the GPS receiving module (GPS receiver) 33 can be executed.

[119] The method of the present invention as mentioned above may be implemented by a software program that is stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as CD- ROM, RAM, ROM, floppy disk, hard disk, optical magnetic disk, etc. This process may be readily carried out by those skilled in the art; and therefore, details of thereof are omitted here.

[120] The present application contains subject matter related to Korean patent application

Nos. 2005-0121170 and 2006-0094379, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on December 9, 2005, and September 27, 2006, respectively, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[121] While the present invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modi- fications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims

[1] A method for authoring location-based web contents, comprising the steps of:

authoring a voice web document related to a location by using a voice-based web markup language; and

putting a location information-related tag inside the voice web document, to thereby create a location-related voice web document.

[2] The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

authoring a graphic web document related to a location by using a graphic-based web markup language (e.g., HyperText Markup Language); and

integrating the location-related voice web document with the graphic web document.

[3] The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the location information-related tag includes Tag Identifier (TI), longitude and latitude of the center of a cell, deviations in longitude and latitude from the center of a cell, and information that indicates a location information-related web document.

[4] The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the location information-related tag exists in a root document if the location-related web document is a multi- document.

[5] The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the voice-based web markup language is a VoiceXML.

[6] An apparatus for receiving a location-based web data service in a digital mobile terminal, comprising:

a receiving means for receiving location-based web contents into which location information is inserted; and

a web service execution platform for executing the received web contents associated with the location information, to thereby provide a web service in speech format or in graphic format.

[7] The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein the receiving means includes:

a broadcasting receiving means for receiving location-based web contents into which location information transmitted over a broadcasting network is inserted; and

a bidirectional receiving means for receiving location-based web contents into which location information additionally transmitted over a bidirectional network is inserted.

[8] The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein the location-based web service

execution platform includes:

an interpretation/execution means for analyzing the location-based web contents to divide the contents into a location-related voice web document and a graphic web document, and for executing the divided voice and the graphic web documents;

a voice output means for outputting the location-related voice web document being executed in the interpretation/execution means in speech format;

a visual output means for outputting the graphic web document being executed in the interpretation/execution means in graphic format;

a synchronization processing means for synchronizing the voice output means with the visual output means; and

a location information processing means for receiving location information of the digital mobile terminal from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, tracking and matching the location information with location information included in web contents, and generating an event so that the web contents having the location information that matches with the received location information are executed.

[9] The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein the location-based web service

execution platform further includes a voice input means for receiving input information by recognizing voice of a user, and

the interpretation/execution means controls the execution of the web contents depending on the input information received through the voice input means.

[10] The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein the synchronization processing

means synchronizes an output of the voice output means with an output of the visual output means by using a synchronization tag for synchronization between the graphic web document and the location-related voice web document.

[11] The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein the location-related voice web

document is acquired by putting a location information-related tag into a voice web document.

[12] The apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the voice web document is written in a VoiceXML markup language.

[13] The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein the location information-related tag includes TI, longitude and latitude of the center of a cell, deviations in longitude and latitude from the center of a cell, and information that indicates a location information-related web document.

[14] A method for receiving a location-based web data service in a digital mobile terminal, comprising the steps of:

receiving location-based web contents into which location information is inserted; and

executing the received location-based web contents to thereby provide a location-based web service in speech format or graphic format.

[15] The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the receiving step includes the steps of:

receiving location-based web contents into which location information transmitted over a broadcasting network is inserted; and

receiving location-based web contents into which location information additionally transmitted over a bidirectional network is inserted.

[16] The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the executing step includes the steps of:

interpreting the location-based web contents to divide the contents into a location-related voice web document and a graphic web document, and executing the divided voice and the graphic web documents;

outputting the location-related voice web document being executed in the interpretation/execution step in speech format;

outputting the graphic web document being executed in the interpretation/ execution step in graphic format;

synchronizing the voice outputting step with the visual outputting step; and receiving location information of the digital mobile terminal from a GPS receiver, tracking and matching the location information with location information included in web contents, and generating an event so that the web contents having the location information that matches with the received location information are executed.

[17] The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the executing step further includes the step of receiving input information by recognizing voice of a user, and the interpretation/execution step controls the execution of the web contents depending on the input information received through the input information receiving step.

[18] The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the synchronization step synchronizes an output of the voice outputting step with an output of the visual outputting step by using a synchronization tag for synchronization between the graphic web document and the location-related voice web document.

[19] The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the location-related voice web

[20] The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the voice web document is written in a VoiceXML markup language.

[21] The method as recited in claim 20, wherein the location information-related tag includes TI, longitude and latitude of the center of a cell, deviations in longitude and latitude from the center of a cell, and information that indicates a location information-related web document.