EP1952420A1 - Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositifInfo
- Publication number
- EP1952420A1 EP1952420A1 EP06819576A EP06819576A EP1952420A1 EP 1952420 A1 EP1952420 A1 EP 1952420A1 EP 06819576 A EP06819576 A EP 06819576A EP 06819576 A EP06819576 A EP 06819576A EP 1952420 A1 EP1952420 A1 EP 1952420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flanges
- anode
- cathode
- ionization
- measurement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
- H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers
- H01J47/026—Gas flow ionisation chambers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ionization device, a chain for measuring the activity of a gas emitting ⁇ radiation, which may for example be a tritium measurement chamber, and a method for implementing this device.
- a tritium chain with an ionization chamber serves to measure the activity of a gas emitting ⁇ radiation in a given gaseous environment, for example that of a glove box, that of a ventilation network of a laboratory, or that of a chimney inspection of a nuclear building.
- the ionization chamber which is dipped directly into the medium to be controlled, provides a current proportional to the activity to be quantified.
- a processing electronics can measure intensities between 10 ⁇ 14 and 10 ⁇ 8 A.
- This ionization chamber 10 which is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, is cylindrical. It comprises a central anode 11 formed by a bar of electrically conductive material, by stainless steel example, two cylindrical lower flanges 12 and upper 13 of non-magnetic and insulating material, centered on the anode 11 and arranged perpendicularly thereto at its two ends, and a cathode 14 formed of a wire wound conductive material on the peripheral portion of these two flanges 12 and 13, thereby to surround the anode 11.
- the anode 11 at its lower end, is connected to a first plug 16.
- the two ends of the wire forming the cathode 14 are connected to two other plugs 16 arranged on the lower flange 12.
- FIG. 1 also illustrates a mechanical base 20, provided at its two upper and lower ends respectively with a contact holder assembly 21 and a connector 22.
- the assembly 21 comprises four female sockets 23, able to receive four male plugs
- the female sockets 23 are connected by lead wires 24 to lugs of the connector 22.
- the ionization chamber 10 is thus removable.
- a cylindrical protective body 25 On the upper part of the flange 20 is fixed a cylindrical protective body 25, which is disassembled in the measurement phases. Also shown are a ring 26 and a nut 27 for fixing the flanges 12 and 13 to the anode, an insulating barrel 28, a stainless steel coated gasket 29.
- these two flanges 12 and 13 are respectively provided with three openings 15 of circular shape, which allows to lighten the structure and reduce the contaminating surface.
- This referenced document [2] also describes a ⁇ radiation emitter gas activity measurement chain which comprises an ionization chamber as described above, a preamplification assembly, a signal processing electronics and a signal cable. connection between the preamplifier assembly and the processing electronics. The electronics can be deported several meters away from the preamplifier assembly.
- FIG. 3 illustrates such a measurement chain of the known art comprising:
- a preamplifier 70 connected on the one hand to an ionization chamber of the known art 10 (ionization voltage Ui and ionization current Ii) and on the other hand to:
- a measuring slide 71 interconnected by a cable 83 with a maximum length of 25 meters.
- This cable consisting of several wires, carries different analog and digital voltages.
- the preamplifier 70 comprises: an analog stage 72 comprising an electrometer 69,
- the measuring slide 71 comprises an analog stage 74 and a digital stage 68 comprising:
- a parameter storage module 75 a parameter storage module 75, a state monitoring module 76,
- an input-output management module 81 an alarm generation module 82.
- the sealed passageway which is the intermediate piece between the ionization chamber and its measurement electronics, has several defects that influence the quality of measurement.
- This sealed passage in effect, provides the electrical connection between the ionization chamber placed in a potentially contaminated medium and its electronics placed in uncontaminated medium, and acts as a support for the ionization chamber. It must be subjected to a helium leak test to ensure that no radioactive material is released to the outside of the glove box.
- the sealing of the contact flange is made using resin. This poorly polymerized resin can generate leakage currents that interfere with the measurement.
- the measurement is parasitized by leakage currents flowing between the anode and the cathode of the ionization chamber. These currents originate from the high voltage of the ionization chamber and the presence of ambient electromagnetic fields. This results in a limitation of measurements to minimum values of
- ICT 14 A The parasitic currents are superimposed on the measurement and must be eliminated.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages by making it possible to reduce the volumes and the masses of the elements of the measurement chain and thus, ultimately, to generate a smaller volume of potentially contaminated waste.
- the present invention relates to a cylindrical ionization device comprising a removable ionization chamber adapted to be inserted into a base, this chamber comprising an anode formed of a central bar of electrically conductive material and a cathode of electrically conductive material surrounding said anode, both connected to two cylindrical flanges, centered on the anode and arranged perpendicular thereto at its two ends, the cathode being formed of son connected to the peripheral portion of these two flanges , characterized in that each of these two flanges integrates a parasitic current collecting circuit, and is isolated from the anode, in that the two flanges are interconnected by a bundle of wires interconnected by conductive tracks internal to these two flanges to form the cathode, and a last wire parallel to the other connects parasitic current collection circuits internal to these two flanges.
- the base is provided at its two upper and lower ends respectively of a contact holder assembly and a connector.
- Said assembly comprises sockets adapted to receive male plugs arranged on the lower flange. These sockets are connected by wires to lugs of the connector.
- a cylindrical body of protection of the chamber can be fixed on the upper part of one base.
- the lower flange comprises male plugs: a central plug of the measuring circuit;
- the present invention also relates to a chain for measuring the activity of a ⁇ -radiation emitting gas comprising such an ionization device, a preamplification assembly, which can be mounted just behind the ionization chamber, an electronics for processing the deported signal and a CAN communication link between the preamplifier assembly and the processing electronics.
- the preamplifier assembly comprises a 24-bit analog / digital converter.
- This measurement chain can be, for example, a tritium measurement chain.
- the present invention also relates to a method for operating the ionization device, in which a heating current is circulated in the cathode during the measurement:
- the temperature being greater than 400 ° C.
- the measurement chain of the invention can be used in many applications, and in particular in the following areas:
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an ionization device of the prior art.
- Figure 3 illustrates a measurement chain of the prior art.
- Figure 4 illustrates the ionization device of the invention.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D and 6A to 6D illustrate two elements of the ionization device according to the invention.
- Figure 7 illustrates the measurement chain of the invention.
- FIG. 8 illustrates comparative measurement curves obtained for the ionization chamber of the prior art and for the ionization chamber of the invention.
- an ionization chamber 30 As illustrated in FIG. 4, an ionization chamber 30 according to the invention, of cylindrical shape, comprises a central anode 31 formed by a bar of electrically conductive material, for example stainless steel, two lower cylindrical plates 32 and upper 33, centered on the anode 31 and arranged perpendicularly thereto at its two ends, and a cathode 34 formed of son of conductive material, for example platinum, connected to the peripheral portion of these two flanges 32 and 33, thereby to surround the anode 31.
- This ionization chamber is adapted to be inserted into a base 39.
- This base 39 is provided at its upper part with a contact holder assembly 50 and, in its lower part, a connector 51.
- the contact holder assembly 50 comprises five female sockets 52 adapted to receive five male plugs 53 disposed on the lower flange 32. These sockets 52 are connected by leads 54 to lugs of the connector 51.
- a cylindrical body of protection of the chamber can be fixed on the upper part of one base.
- Each of the two flanges 32 and 33 made for example of ceramic, incorporates a parasitic current collection circuit. These circuits make it possible to collect the parasitic currents and to derive them from the measurement circuit via guard rings 47 and 62 which are metallized tracks, for example of diameter 10 mm surrounding the anode 31. Each of the flanges is isolated from this anode. central 31 by a PTFE ring. The guard rings 47 and 62 are connected to the electrical ground.
- the lower flange 32 thus comprises a circuit formed of a set of layers, in the form of disks, namely:
- a conducting layer 42 comprising an outer annular track 45 pierced with metallized holes 55, connected to three metallized radial holes 46; this central layer 42 also comprising a central metallized hole 47 connected to a radial metallized hole 48 and to an outer hole 49 by a track 50, - one or two insulating layers 41 and 43 contiguous to the layer 42, and optionally two outer conductive layers 40 and 44.
- the upper flange 33 also comprises a conductive circuit formed of a set of disk-shaped layers; to know at least:
- a conductive layer 57 identical to the layer 42, comprising an outer annular track 60 pierced with metallized holes 61; this central layer 57 also comprising a metallized central hole 62 connected to a metallized outer hole 63 by a track 64,
- the two flanges 32 and 33 are interconnected by parallel wires welded to the conductive tracks to form the cathode 34.
- the lower flange 32 which is the contact flange, comprises at least:
- the sealed passage is modified as follows: •
- the lower flange contact holder 32 is improved. Isolation studs are screwed into force in the flange 32. The insertion of electrical contacts 37 in these isolation pads ensures sealing.
- the ground circuit is improved by connecting the mechanical ground to the analog ground. Such a connection is effected by means of the screw 102, fixed in the metal mass of the contact holder assembly 50. This screw is connected to the shielding ring of the electrical connector 51 by the lug 103, itself even soldered to the shielding braid of the wire 54.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the measurement chain of the invention. She understands :
- a high-voltage preamplifier 85 connected on the one hand to the ionization chamber of the invention 30 and on the other hand to a processing electronics 86, via a bidirectional link 84 of the CAN type.
- the digital dialogue between the preamplifier and the measuring slide can thus pass through a pair of twisted wires.
- the preamplifier 85 is powered only by a single voltage valim, provided by the processing electronics 86 or an external power supply.
- the preamplifier 85 comprises: an analog stage 87, as in the chain of the known art, which comprises an electrometer 67,
- a digital stage 89 comprising: a module for storing the parameters 90,
- a state monitoring module 91 A state monitoring module 91
- a module for calculating the current-correction-filtering 92
- a range change module 93 A range change module 93, a transmission bus module 94,
- the processing electronics 86 (all-digital) comprises:
- An alarm generation module 99 The improvement of the immunity of the ionisation chamber 30 to parasitic currents makes it possible to to also improve the performance of the associated measurement electronics, and in particular of the preamplifier 85.
- This preamplifier is capable of measuring currents as low as ICT 1 VlCr 17 amperes.
- Such improvements include the analog floor, isolation levels, and analog-to-digital conversion:
- the components inside the preamplifier are neatly implanted, which makes it possible to compensate for the main influence quantity which is the temperature of the preamplifier.
- the analog-to-digital conversion 88 is improved by setting up a converter of better resolution to increase the sensitivity of the measurement chain.
- the dialogue distance between the preamplifier 85 and its measurement electronics 86 is improved by using a high-performance bidirectional link 84, which allows a distance of several hundred meters to be passed between the preamplifier and its processing electronics.
- This prototype measuring chain consists of a measuring drawer, a preamplifier, a sealed passage and an ionization chamber according to the invention.
- This measuring drawer has a CAN communication connection with its preamplifier.
- the preamplifier includes temperature compensation and a 24-bit analog / digital converter.
Landscapes
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0553600A FR2894064B1 (fr) | 2005-11-25 | 2005-11-25 | Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif |
| PCT/EP2006/068602 WO2007060138A1 (fr) | 2005-11-25 | 2006-11-17 | Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1952420A1 true EP1952420A1 (fr) | 2008-08-06 |
| EP1952420B1 EP1952420B1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 |
Family
ID=36703440
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06819576.7A Active EP1952420B1 (fr) | 2005-11-25 | 2006-11-17 | Dispositif d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de ce dispositif |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1952420B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2894064B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007060138A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106783503B (zh) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-05-25 | 山东中测校准质控技术有限公司 | 一种空心圆柱型收集极诊断电离室 |
| GB202112564D0 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-10-20 | Secr Defence | Improvements in ionisation chambers |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3337734A (en) * | 1965-01-29 | 1967-08-22 | Talbot A Chubb | Space charge limited avalanche counter for ultra-violet radiation detection |
| US3372295A (en) * | 1966-03-03 | 1968-03-05 | Atomic Energy Commission Usa | Air proportional alpha detector |
| US4031396A (en) * | 1975-02-28 | 1977-06-21 | General Electric Company | X-ray detector |
| US4047040A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1977-09-06 | General Electric Company | Gridded ionization chamber |
| FR2792772B1 (fr) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-05-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Chambre d'ionisation, chaine de mesure d'activite d'un gaz emetteur de rayonnement beta et procede de mise en oeuvre de celle-ci |
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 FR FR0553600A patent/FR2894064B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-11-17 WO PCT/EP2006/068602 patent/WO2007060138A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-11-17 EP EP06819576.7A patent/EP1952420B1/fr active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007060138A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007060138A1 (fr) | 2007-05-31 |
| EP1952420B1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 |
| FR2894064B1 (fr) | 2009-05-15 |
| FR2894064A1 (fr) | 2007-06-01 |
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