EP1920411B1 - Test method for detecting deviations in geoobjects - Google Patents

Test method for detecting deviations in geoobjects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1920411B1
EP1920411B1 EP06778102A EP06778102A EP1920411B1 EP 1920411 B1 EP1920411 B1 EP 1920411B1 EP 06778102 A EP06778102 A EP 06778102A EP 06778102 A EP06778102 A EP 06778102A EP 1920411 B1 EP1920411 B1 EP 1920411B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
toll
detection
road network
zone
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EP06778102A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1920411A1 (en
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Julius Petroczi
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to SI200631385T priority Critical patent/SI1920411T1/en
Priority to PL06778102T priority patent/PL1920411T3/en
Publication of EP1920411A1 publication Critical patent/EP1920411A1/en
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Publication of EP1920411B1 publication Critical patent/EP1920411B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/20—Monitoring the location of vehicles belonging to a group, e.g. fleet of vehicles, countable or determined number of vehicles
    • G08G1/207—Monitoring the location of vehicles belonging to a group, e.g. fleet of vehicles, countable or determined number of vehicles with respect to certain areas, e.g. forbidden or allowed areas with possible alerting when inside or outside boundaries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for optimizing the detection of tolled vehicles on toll roads of a road network, with an on-vehicle position detection unit and with her in data connection, vehicle-external administrative unit, the toll roads of the road network are superimposed in an electronic image of the road network with detection areas, and the vehicle-side position determination unit determines toll-relevant data when determining vehicle positions within the detection area on the basis of the position data lying within the coverage area and sends it to the administrative unit, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a toll card can be acquired which entitles the user to use the desired route.
  • the toll card is usually pulled in an entry station of a certain tolled section of a road at a machine, and paid via a respective calculation key toll at an exit station paid by the driver either in cash or by credit card.
  • a separate control station with its own lane in which the vehicle is identified via optoelectronic number plate recognition, and the vehicle driver with an entry in a user database, passing on a dashboard is allowed.
  • the toll amount due is either paid flat-rate or debited several times a year from the account of the toll participant.
  • toll portals or control units which are based on microwave communication.
  • Such an electronic tolling system was implemented in Austria, for example, to automate vehicles with a total weight of 3.5 tonnes or more.
  • toll gates are built on all toll sections of the national road network, in the Austrian case so highways and highways, which are equipped with microwave antennas and communicate with installed in the vehicles, mobile detection units that must carry each toll vehicle.
  • position detection unit mobile detection unit
  • This is a device that is installed in the truck or in the vehicle to allow automatic toll settlement in a toll collection or toll collection system.
  • German, French, Italian and Spanish motorway operators but also increasingly other countries inside and outside Europe, use position-finding units of this type to collect tolls.
  • an electronic mobile detection unit is associated with a particular vehicle.
  • a detection unit has approximately the size of a car radio, and can usually be used in the standard receiving slot for car radios or mounted on the dashboard of the control room.
  • Which bemauteten Track sections have been used concretely by the toll subscriber and incur a charge, can be determined by different navigation systems, which cooperate with the detection unit.
  • the use of satellite positioning systems is common, with the US Department of Defense-operated GPS ("Global Positioning System") is currently the most widely used in navigation applications. Via GPS or via an equivalent positioning system, the position of a receiver can be determined at any time with a spatial resolution of less than 10 m worldwide.
  • DGPS Different Global Positioning System
  • toll calculation algorithms can also take account of time data, that is to say the periods of residence of the vehicle in a certain toll zone.
  • These are geometric figures such as circles, tubular areas or closed polygons (n-corner), which are defined by geographical position data and additional data, such as the diameter in the case of a circular detection area.
  • the position determination unit arranged in this vehicle permanently determines the position data of the vehicle. These position data are transmitted to the electronic image of the road network and compared with the detection areas. If the vehicle enters a detection area while driving, the position data lying within the detection area are stored until the vehicle leaves the detection area again. On the basis of the position data within the coverage area, the number of kilometers traveled in the toll area can subsequently be calculated, and possibly together with vehicle-related data such as total weight, or distance-related data such as different toll levels used to calculate the toll.
  • vehicle-related data such as total weight, or distance-related data such as different toll levels used to calculate the toll.
  • the coverage areas are chosen as small as possible so as not to mistakenly detect vehicles that are in close proximity to toll areas, but do not drive on toll roads.
  • the coverage areas should cover the route of toll roads as accurately as possible.
  • the lower limit for the size of the detection areas is set by the spatial resolution of the position determination of a vehicle, as well as by deviations of the electronic image of the road network from the real conditions.
  • the accuracy of the transmission of the vehicle position in the electronic image of the road network also set by other factors limits that can often only be recognized by practical experience.
  • WO 95/20801 In the WO 95/20801 is referred to as “survey offices" in which vehicles are detected. In “equality" of the vehicle position with the position of a survey point, the passage of the vehicle is detected. However, there is no way to constantly review the positioning of the survey sites defined by “given geographic locations” and to make any corrections. If, for example, a survey office is chosen incorrectly, or systematic measurement errors occur in the position determination of the vehicle in this area, permanent deficiencies in the collection of the toll will take place, which are determined in accordance with WO 95/20801 can not be detected.
  • Claim 1 relates to a method for optimizing the detection of toll vehicles on toll roads of a road network, with a vehicle-side position detection unit and with her in data connection, vehicle-external administrative unit, the toll roads of the road network superimposed in an electronic image of the road network with detection areas are determined and sent to the administrative unit when determining vehicle positions within the coverage area on the basis of the position data lying within the coverage area on the vehicle-side position determination unit.
  • control areas are additionally provided, which are associated with detection areas and project beyond their respective coverage area in their spatial extent, wherein the position determination unit determines only within the control area and outside the detection area when determining journeys Control area lying position data sends these trips to the administrative unit, and the management unit performs a subsequent review of this position data, and optionally an adjustment of the detection area in the electronic image of the road network.
  • the solution according to the invention thus represents a compromise between an increase in the detection ranges, which would lead to an increased inaccuracy of the toll system, and a review of all journeys, which would lead to enormous amounts of data dar.
  • the additional control areas initially cause no significant increase in the amount of data because journeys anyway through the certain determination of a coverage area were recognized, collected and processed in the usual way. Only in those cases in which the position determination unit determines vehicle positions within the control area but outside the detection area are the position data of the vehicle located within the control area sent to the management unit for subsequent checking.
  • the position determination unit deletes the position data of the vehicle within the control area and outside the detection area when determining vehicle positions within the control area and within the detection area. Those position data that are within the detection range and thus also within the control range are used in a known manner for toll collection. In these cases, therefore, no additional data processing effort.
  • Claim 3 provides a preferred procedure for optimizing the toll system by an adjustment of the detection range in the electronic image of the road network is made with repeated determination of vehicle positions exclusively within the control area and outside the detection area.
  • the adjustment may consist of a slight shift, another geometric shape, or even a slight increase in the detection range.
  • Claim 4 provides that the position detection unit utilizes the signals of a satellite navigation system.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a detection area in the electronic image of a road network, as well as registered position data of a vehicle for two lines A and B, and
  • Fig. 2 the coverage of Fig. 1 , wherein it is superimposed on a control area according to the invention.
  • a detection area E as defined in the electronic image of a road network.
  • the detection area E is defined by a circle in the example shown, but other geometrical shapes, such as tubular figures or closed polygons, may also be used.
  • the aim of the coverage areas is to replicate the course of toll road sections of the road network as closely as possible.
  • position data P drawn as they are determined by the arranged in vehicles position detection units.
  • a first line A drawn which leads through the detection area E.
  • the position data P E are temporarily stored by the position determining unit of the vehicle until the vehicle leaves the detection area E. After leaving the detection area E are based on the position data P E located within the detection area E all toll-related information, preferably, determined by the position determining unit, and transmitted in a processed form to a central management unit.
  • the administrative unit then takes over all further steps required for clearing to the corresponding toll subscriber.
  • the detection areas E are defined during the configuration of the toll system.
  • a vehicle may enter a toll road without being detected by the toll system, since the corresponding coverage area E is not optimally determined.
  • This case is in the Fig. 1 indicated by the line B train.
  • the corresponding vehicle moves on a toll road, but this toll road is not recognized by the position detection unit due to a suboptimal choice of coverage E.
  • These cases are often not recognizable in advance in the configuration of the toll system, since the accuracy of transmitting the vehicle position in the electronic image of the road network are limited by factors that are often only recognized by practical experience.
  • the journey along the train B is thus not detected by the mobile position-determining unit of the vehicle, and therefore no toll-relevant data is transmitted to the administrative unit.
  • the detection area E with an additional control area K, which projects beyond the detection area E in its spatial extent, as shown in the Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a control range K, which is executed approximately as a concentric circle around the circular detection area E, but it could also have other shapes.
  • the position detection unit now not only checks whether the determined position data P fall within the detection range E, but also whether they are within the control range K. If the position data P are both within the detection range E as well as the control range K, so it is in terms of Fig. 2 is about the position data P E according to the line A, the lying within the coverage area E position data P E are further processed, and subsequently toll-relevant data to the administrative unit Posted.
  • the processing of the position data P E and the sending of the processed, toll-relevant data to the administrative unit is carried out in a conventional manner.
  • the position detection unit recognizes that the position data P K are indeed within the control range K, but not within the detection range E. In these cases, there is a suspicion that it was a toll ride, but due to a suboptimal Selection of the detection area E was not detected. In these cases, the position data P K within the control area K are sent to the central management unit, where a check of the data is made. Upon repeated determination of vehicle positions within the control area K and outside the coverage area E, an adaptation of the coverage area E in the electronic image of the road network can be made, which is transmitted to the mobile position determination units in the form of a corresponding software update.
  • the collection of toll vehicles can be optimized, in particular, a test procedure is created, with the non-recorded trips are subject to subsequent control, but without significantly increasing the amount of data.

Abstract

Test method for optimizing the collection of tolls from vehicles on toll roads of a road network, which is carried out by a vehicle-mounted position-determining unit and a vehicle-external management unit which has a data connection to the latter, the toll roads of the road network having detection zones (E) superimposed on them in an electronic image of the road network and the vehicle-mounted position-determining unit transmitting toll-related data to the management unit when vehicle positions (PE) are determined within the detection range (E). According to the invention, there is provision for monitoring zones (K) to be additionally provided in the electronic image of the road network, which monitoring zones (K) are assigned to detection zones (E) and in their spatial extent extend in each case beyond the detection zone (E) assigned to them, the position-determining unit transmitting the position data (PK), located within the monitoring zone (K), of the vehicle to the management unit when vehicle positions (PK) are determined within the monitoring zone (K) and outside the detection zone (E).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Optimierung der Erfassung von mautpflichtigen Fahrzeugen auf mautpflichtigen Straßen eines Wegenetzes, mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Positionsermittlungseinheit und einer mit ihr in Datenverbindung stehenden, fahrzeugexternen Verwaltungseinheit, wobei die mautpflichtigen Straßen des Wegenetzes in einem elektronischen Abbild des Wegenetzes mit Erfassungsbereichen überlagert sind, und die fahrzeugseitige Positionsermittlungseinheit bei Ermittlung von Fahrzeugpositionen innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches auf Basis der innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches liegenden Positionsdaten mautrelevante Daten ermittelt und an die Verwaltungseinheit sendet, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for optimizing the detection of tolled vehicles on toll roads of a road network, with an on-vehicle position detection unit and with her in data connection, vehicle-external administrative unit, the toll roads of the road network are superimposed in an electronic image of the road network with detection areas, and the vehicle-side position determination unit determines toll-relevant data when determining vehicle positions within the detection area on the basis of the position data lying within the coverage area and sends it to the administrative unit, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Realisierung einer Mauterhebung wurden bisher mehrere Lösungen vorgeschlagen. So wurden etwa Systeme vorgeschlagen, bei denen bei Kontrollstationen von Staats-, Landes- oder Zonengrenzen eine Mautkarte erworben werden kann, welche zur Benutzung der gewünschten Wegstrecke berechtigt. Die Mautkarte wird zumeist in einer Einfahrtstation eines bestimmten bemauteten Streckenabschnittes an einem Automaten gezogen, und die über einen jeweiligen Berechnungsschlüssel ermittelte Maut an einer Ausfahrtstation vom Fahrzeuglenker entweder in bar oder mit Kreditkarte entrichtet.For the realization of a toll collection, several solutions have been proposed so far. Thus, for example, systems have been proposed in which, at control stations of state, state or zone borders, a toll card can be acquired which entitles the user to use the desired route. The toll card is usually pulled in an entry station of a certain tolled section of a road at a machine, and paid via a respective calculation key toll at an exit station paid by the driver either in cash or by credit card.

Ebenso kann für Pendler oder Fahrzeuglenker, die einen bestimmten Streckenabschnitt häufig frequentieren, eine separate Kontrollstation mit eigener Einfahrspur vorgesehen sein, bei welcher das Fahrzeug über optoelektronische Nummerntafelerkennung identifiziert wird, und dem Fahrzeuglenker bei vorhandenem Eintrag in einer Benutzerdatenbank ein Passieren an einem Schlagbalken gestattet wird. Der fällige Mautbetrag wird entweder pauschal entrichtet, oder mehrmals im Jahr vom Konto des Mautteilnehmers abgebucht.Likewise, for commuters or vehicle drivers who frequently frequent a particular section of the route, a separate control station with its own lane, in which the vehicle is identified via optoelectronic number plate recognition, and the vehicle driver with an entry in a user database, passing on a dashboard is allowed. The toll amount due is either paid flat-rate or debited several times a year from the account of the toll participant.

Ebenfalls möglich ist eine Lokalisierung der Fahrzeuge von Mautteilnehmern über Mautportale bzw. Kontrolleinheiten, welche auf Mikrowellen-Kommunikation beruhen. Ein solches elektronisches Mautsystem wurde etwa in Österreich verwirklicht, um Fahrzeuge ab 3,5 Tonnen Gesamtgewicht automatisiert zu bemauten. Dazu werden auf allen mautpflichtigen Streckenabschnitten des nationalen Straßennetzes, im österreichischen Falle also Autobahnen und Schnellstraßen, Mautportale errichtet, welche mit Mikrowellen-Antennen bestückt sind und mit den in den Fahrzeugen installierten, mobilen Detektionseinheiten, die jedes mautpflichtige Fahrzeug mitführen muss, kommunizieren.Also possible is a localization of the vehicles of toll participants on toll portals or control units, which are based on microwave communication. Such an electronic tolling system was implemented in Austria, for example, to automate vehicles with a total weight of 3.5 tonnes or more. For this purpose toll gates are built on all toll sections of the national road network, in the Austrian case so highways and highways, which are equipped with microwave antennas and communicate with installed in the vehicles, mobile detection units that must carry each toll vehicle.

Nicht nur für den PKW-Verkehr, sondern insbesondere für den LKW-Transport erlangen aber flexibel geregelte Verfahren zur Mauteinhebung immer größere Bedeutung. Zu diesem Zwecke findet eine als "On-Board-Unit" bekannte und in der Folge als Positionsermittlungseinheit bezeichnete, mobile Detektionseinheit europaweit verbreiteten Einsatz. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Gerät, das in den LKW bzw. in das Fahrzeug eingebaut wird, um eine automatische Abrechnung von Mautgebühren in einem Gebührenerhebungs- oder Maut-System zu ermöglichen. Sowohl die deutschen, französischen, italienischen und spanischen Autobahnbetreiber, aber auch zunehmend weitere Länder inner- und außerhalb Europas ziehen Positionsermittlungseinheiten dieser Art zur Erfassung von Mautgebühren heran.However, flexibly regulated procedures for collecting tolls are becoming increasingly important, not just for passenger car traffic, but especially for truck transport. For this purpose, a known as "on-board unit" and subsequently referred to as position detection unit, mobile detection unit is widely used throughout Europe. This is a device that is installed in the truck or in the vehicle to allow automatic toll settlement in a toll collection or toll collection system. Both the German, French, Italian and Spanish motorway operators, but also increasingly other countries inside and outside Europe, use position-finding units of this type to collect tolls.

Bei derartigen Systemen wird einem bestimmten Fahrzeug eine elektronische mobile Detektionseinheit zugeordnet. Eine solche Detektionseinheit besitzt ungefähr die Größe eines Autoradios, und kann zumeist in den genormten Aufnahmeschacht für Autoradios eingesetzt oder auf das Armaturenbrett des Lenkerraumes montiert werden. Welche bemauteten Streckenabschnitte vom Mautteilnehmer konkret benutzt wurden und eine Gebühr nach sich ziehen, kann durch unterschiedliche Navigationssysteme, welche mit der Detektionseinheit zusammenarbeiten, eruiert werden. Geläufig ist beispielsweise der Einsatz von Satellitenortungssystemen, wobei das vom amerikanischen Verteidigungsministerium betriebene GPS ("Global Positioning System") bei Navigationsanwendungen derzeit die meiste Verbreitung erfährt. Über GPS bzw. über ein äquivalentes Ortungssystem kann die Position eines Empfängers jederzeit mit einer räumlichen Auflösung von unter 10 m weltweit bestimmt werden. Durch Vorsehung bestimmter Zusatzmodule wie etwa DGPS ("Differential Global Positioning System"), bei dem anhand der Positionsdaten eines stationären Basisempfängers Korrekturdaten für einen mobilen Empfänger errechnet werden, lässt sich die Positionsbestimmung eines Fahrzeuges sogar mit einer räumlichen Auflösung von unter 1 m exakt festlegen.In such systems, an electronic mobile detection unit is associated with a particular vehicle. Such a detection unit has approximately the size of a car radio, and can usually be used in the standard receiving slot for car radios or mounted on the dashboard of the control room. Which bemauteten Track sections have been used concretely by the toll subscriber and incur a charge, can be determined by different navigation systems, which cooperate with the detection unit. For example, the use of satellite positioning systems is common, with the US Department of Defense-operated GPS ("Global Positioning System") is currently the most widely used in navigation applications. Via GPS or via an equivalent positioning system, the position of a receiver can be determined at any time with a spatial resolution of less than 10 m worldwide. By providing certain additional modules such as DGPS ("Differential Global Positioning System"), in which correction data for a mobile receiver is calculated based on the position data of a stationary base receiver, the position determination of a vehicle can be set precisely even with a spatial resolution of less than 1 m.

Hierbei sorgen individuell maßgeschneiderte Software-Komponenten für eine entsprechende Verknüpfung der erhaltenen geographischen Positionsdaten des jeweiligen Fahrzeuges des Mautteilnehmers mit gespeicherten Informationen über bemautete Streckenabschnitte in Form elektronischer Abbilder des gesamten Wegenetzes, und ermitteln die Summe der gesammelten Mautwerte, welche in periodischen Abständen zur Verrechnung übermittelt werden. Selbstverständlich können in Mautberechnungs-Algorithmen auch Zeitdaten, also Aufenthaltsdauern des Fahrzeuges in einer bestimmten Mautzone, berücksichtigt werden.Here individually customized software components ensure a corresponding linking of the obtained geographical position data of the respective vehicle of the toll subscriber with stored information on tolled sections in the form of electronic images of the entire road network, and determine the sum of the collected toll values, which are transmitted at regular intervals for billing , Of course, toll calculation algorithms can also take account of time data, that is to say the periods of residence of the vehicle in a certain toll zone.

Konkret kann dies etwa dadurch bewerkstelligt werden, indem mautpflichtige Straßen eines Wegenetzes in dessen elektronischem Abbild mit Erfassungsbereichen überlagert werden. Dabei handelt es sich um geometrische Figuren wie etwa Kreise, schlauchförmige Bereiche oder auch geschlossene Polygonzüge (n-Ecke), die durch geographische Positionsdaten und Zusatzdaten, wie etwa dem Durchmesser im Falle eines kreisförmigen Erfassungsbereiches, definiert sind. Während der Fahrt eines mautpflichtigen Fahrzeuges ermittelt die sich in diesem Fahrzeug angeordnete Positionsermittlungseinheit permanent die Positionsdaten des Fahrzeugs. Diese Positionsdaten werden in das elektronische Abbild des Wegenetzes übertragen und mit den Erfassungsbereichen verglichen. Tritt das Fahrzeug während der Fahrt in einen Erfassungsbereich ein, so werden die innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches liegenden Positionsdaten gespeichert, bis das Fahrzeug den Erfassungsbereich wieder verlässt. Anhand der Positionsdaten innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches kann in weiterer Folge die im mautpflichtigen Bereich zurückgelegte Kilometeranzahl berechnet werden, und eventuell gemeinsam mit fahrzeugbezogenen Daten wie etwa Gesamtgewicht, oder streckenbezogenen Daten wie etwa unterschiedliche Mauthöhen zur Berechnung der Maut herangezogen werden.Specifically, this can be accomplished, for example, by overlaying toll roads in a road network in its electronic image with coverage areas. These are geometric figures such as circles, tubular areas or closed polygons (n-corner), which are defined by geographical position data and additional data, such as the diameter in the case of a circular detection area. While When driving a toll vehicle, the position determination unit arranged in this vehicle permanently determines the position data of the vehicle. These position data are transmitted to the electronic image of the road network and compared with the detection areas. If the vehicle enters a detection area while driving, the position data lying within the detection area are stored until the vehicle leaves the detection area again. On the basis of the position data within the coverage area, the number of kilometers traveled in the toll area can subsequently be calculated, and possibly together with vehicle-related data such as total weight, or distance-related data such as different toll levels used to calculate the toll.

Bei der Konfiguration des Mautsystems ist man naturgemäß bestrebt, mautpflichtige Fahrten so genau wie möglich zu erfassen. Aus diesem Grund werden die Erfassungsbereiche so klein wie möglich gewählt, um nicht fälschlicherweise Fahrzeuge zu erfassen, die sich zwar in großer räumlicher Nähe zu mautpflichtigen Bereichen bewegen, aber eben nicht auf mautpflichtigen Straßen fahren. Dabei sollen die Erfassungsbereiche den streckenmäßigen Verlauf mautpflichtiger Straßen so genau wie möglich erfassen. Die untere Grenze für die Größe der Erfassungsbereiche ist allerdings durch die räumliche Auflösung der Positionsermittlung eines Fahrzeuges gesetzt, sowie durch Abweichungen des elektronischen Abbilds des Wegenetzes von den realen Gegebenheiten. Darüber hinaus sind der Genauigkeit des Übertragens der Fahrzeugposition in das elektronische Abbild des Wegenetzes auch durch andere Faktoren Grenzen gesetzt, die vielfach erst durch praktische Erfahrung erkannt werden können. Trotz gewissenhafter Festlegung eines Erfassungsbereiches kann es daher im praktischen Betrieb des Mautsystems dazu kommen, dass ein Fahrzeug eine mautpflichtige Straße befährt, ohne vom Mautsystem erfasst zu werden, da der entsprechende Erfassungsbereich nicht optimal festgelegt ist. Ob ein Erfassungsbereich optimal festgelegt ist, lässt sich aber wiederum oft nur im praktischen Betrieb eruieren, und zwar durch jene Fahrten, die eigentlich durch einen Erfassungsbereich geführt haben, aber durch suboptimale Wahl des Erfassungsbereiches nicht erfasst wurden. Genau diese Fahrten werden aber von einem Mautsystem gemäß des Stands der Technik nicht erkannt. Eine nachträgliche Überprüfung aller Fahrten aufgrund eines Vergleiches der Positionsdaten mit den Erfassungsbereichen ist aber aufgrund der großen Datenmengen nicht zu bewerkstelligen.In the configuration of the toll system, one naturally endeavors to record toll journeys as accurately as possible. For this reason, the coverage areas are chosen as small as possible so as not to mistakenly detect vehicles that are in close proximity to toll areas, but do not drive on toll roads. The coverage areas should cover the route of toll roads as accurately as possible. However, the lower limit for the size of the detection areas is set by the spatial resolution of the position determination of a vehicle, as well as by deviations of the electronic image of the road network from the real conditions. In addition, the accuracy of the transmission of the vehicle position in the electronic image of the road network also set by other factors limits that can often only be recognized by practical experience. In spite of the careful determination of a detection area, it can therefore happen in practical operation of the toll system that a vehicle travels a toll road without being detected by the toll system, since the corresponding detection area is not optimal is fixed. Whether a detection area is optimally defined, however, can often only be determined in practical operation, namely by those journeys that actually led through a detection area, but were not covered by suboptimal selection of the detection area. However, precisely these journeys are not recognized by a toll system according to the prior art. A subsequent review of all trips due to a comparison of the position data with the detection areas but can not be accomplished due to the large amounts of data.

In der DE 4344433 werden "Einfahrts- und Ausfahrts-Koordinaten-Vektoren" beschrieben, mit denen die Ortskoordinaten des Fahrzeugs korreliert werden. Falls diese "Einfahrts- und Ausfahrts-Koordinaten-Vektoren" aber falsch justiert sind, und daher permanent Fahrzeuge nicht erfasst werden, die sich aber im mautpflichtigen Gebiet befinden, oder Fahrzeuge falsch erfasst werden, obwohl sie sich außerhalb des Mautgebiets befinden, gibt es keine Möglichkeit einer nachträglichen Justierung.In the DE 4344433 are described as "entry and exit coordinate vectors" with which the location coordinates of the vehicle are correlated. However, if these "Entry and Exit Coordinate Vectors" are misadjusted, and therefore permanent vehicles are not detected, but are in the toll area, or vehicles are detected incorrectly, even though they are outside the toll area, there are none Possibility of a subsequent adjustment.

In der WO 95/20801 ist von "Erhebungsstellen" die Rede, in denen Fahrzeuge erfasst werden. Bei "Gleichheit" der Fahrzeugposition mit der Position einer Erhebungsstelle wird das Passieren des Fahrzeugs detektiert. Es findet sich aber keine Möglichkeit, die Positionierung der Erhebungsstellen, die durch "vorgegebene geographische Positionen" definiert sind, laufend zu überprüfen und eventuelle Korrekturen vorzunehmen. Falls etwa eine Erhebungsstelle falsch gewählt ist, oder systematische Messfehler in der Positionsbestimmung des Fahrzeugs in diesem Bereich auftreten, finden permanent Mängel in der Erhebung der Mautpflicht statt, die gemäß der WO 95/20801 nicht detektiert werden können.In the WO 95/20801 is referred to as "survey offices" in which vehicles are detected. In "equality" of the vehicle position with the position of a survey point, the passage of the vehicle is detected. However, there is no way to constantly review the positioning of the survey sites defined by "given geographic locations" and to make any corrections. If, for example, a survey office is chosen incorrectly, or systematic measurement errors occur in the position determination of the vehicle in this area, permanent deficiencies in the collection of the toll will take place, which are determined in accordance with WO 95/20801 can not be detected.

Es ist daher das Ziel der Erfindung, dieses Problem zu lösen und die Erfassung mautpflichtiger Fahrzeuge somit zu optimieren. Dabei soll insbesondere ein Prüfverfahren geschaffen werden, mit dem auch nicht-erfasste Fahrten einer nachträglichen Kontrolle unterworfen werden, ohne dabei aber das Datenaufkommen wesentlich zu erhöhen.It is therefore the object of the invention to solve this problem and thus to optimize the collection of toll vehicles. In particular, a test method should be created, with the non-recorded trips a be subject to subsequent control, but without significantly increasing the volume of data.

Dieses Ziel wird durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Anspruch 1 bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Optimierung der Erfassung von mautpflichtigen Fahrzeugen auf mautpflichtigen Straßen eines Wegenetzes, mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Positionsermittlungseinheit und einer mit ihr in Datenverbindung stehenden, fahrzeugexternen Verwaltungseinheit, wobei die mautpflichtigen Straßen des Wegenetzes in einem elektronischen Abbild des Wegenetzes mit Erfassungsbereichen überlagert sind, und die fahrzeugseitige Positionsermittlungseinheit bei Ermittlung von Fahrzeugpositionen innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches auf Basis der innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches liegenden Positionsdaten mautrelevante Daten ermittelt und an die Verwaltungseinheit sendet. Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass im elektronischen Abbild des Wegenetzes zusätzlich Kontrollbereiche vorgesehen sind, die Erfassungsbereichen zugeordnet sind und in ihrer räumlichen Erstreckung den ihnen zugeordneten Erfassungsbereich jeweils überragen, wobei die Positionsermittlungseinheit bei Ermittlung von Fahrten ausschließlich innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches und außerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches die innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches liegenden Positionsdaten dieser Fahrten an die Verwaltungseinheit sendet, und die Verwaltungseinheit eine nachträgliche Überprüfung dieser Positionsdaten, sowie gegebenenfalls eine Anpassung des Erfassungsbereiches im elektronischen Abbild des Wegenetzes durchführt.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a method for optimizing the detection of toll vehicles on toll roads of a road network, with a vehicle-side position detection unit and with her in data connection, vehicle-external administrative unit, the toll roads of the road network superimposed in an electronic image of the road network with detection areas are determined and sent to the administrative unit when determining vehicle positions within the coverage area on the basis of the position data lying within the coverage area on the vehicle-side position determination unit. According to the invention, it is now provided that in the electronic image of the road network control areas are additionally provided, which are associated with detection areas and project beyond their respective coverage area in their spatial extent, wherein the position determination unit determines only within the control area and outside the detection area when determining journeys Control area lying position data sends these trips to the administrative unit, and the management unit performs a subsequent review of this position data, and optionally an adjustment of the detection area in the electronic image of the road network.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung stellt somit einen Kompromiss zwischen einer Vergrößerung der Erkennungsbereiche, was zu einer erhöhten Ungenauigkeit des Mautsystems führen würde, und einer Überprüfung aller Fahrten, was zu enormen Datenmengen führen würde, dar. Die zusätzlichen Kontrollbereiche verursachen zunächst keine nennenswert vergrößerten Datenmengen, da Fahrten, die ohnehin durch die bestimmte Festlegung eines Erfassungsbereiches erkannt wurden, in üblicher Art erhoben und verarbeitet werden. Nur in jenen Fällen, bei denen die Positionsermittlungseinheit Fahrzeugpositionen innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches, aber außerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches ermittelt, werden die innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches liegenden Positionsdaten des Fahrzeuges an die Verwaltungseinheit zur nachträglichen Überprüfung gesendet.The solution according to the invention thus represents a compromise between an increase in the detection ranges, which would lead to an increased inaccuracy of the toll system, and a review of all journeys, which would lead to enormous amounts of data dar. The additional control areas initially cause no significant increase in the amount of data because journeys anyway through the certain determination of a coverage area were recognized, collected and processed in the usual way. Only in those cases in which the position determination unit determines vehicle positions within the control area but outside the detection area are the position data of the vehicle located within the control area sent to the management unit for subsequent checking.

Zur weiteren Datenreduzierung kann gemäß Anspruch 2 vorgesehen sein, dass die Positionsermittlungseinheit bei Ermittlung von Fahrzeugpositionen innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches sowie innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches die innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches und außerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches liegenden Positionsdaten des Fahrzeuges löscht. Jene Positionsdaten, die sich innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches und somit auch innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches befinden, werden in bekannter Weise für die Mautermittlung herangezogen. In diesen Fällen entsteht somit kein zusätzlicher Datenverarbeitungsaufwand.For further data reduction it can be provided according to claim 2 that the position determination unit deletes the position data of the vehicle within the control area and outside the detection area when determining vehicle positions within the control area and within the detection area. Those position data that are within the detection range and thus also within the control range are used in a known manner for toll collection. In these cases, therefore, no additional data processing effort.

Anspruch 3 sieht eine bevorzugte Vorgangsweise zur Optimierung des Mautsystems vor, indem bei wiederholter Ermittlung von Fahrzeugpositionen ausschließlich innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches und außerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches eine Anpassung des Erfassungsbereiches im elektronischen Abbild des Wegenetzes vorgenommen wird. Die Anpassung kann dabei aus einer geringfügigen Verschiebung, einer anderen geometrischen Form, oder auch einer geringfügigen Vergrößerung des Erfassungsbereiches bestehen.Claim 3 provides a preferred procedure for optimizing the toll system by an adjustment of the detection range in the electronic image of the road network is made with repeated determination of vehicle positions exclusively within the control area and outside the detection area. The adjustment may consist of a slight shift, another geometric shape, or even a slight increase in the detection range.

Anspruch 4 sieht vor, dass die Positionsermittlungseinheit die Signale eines Satellitennavigationssystems verwertet.Claim 4 provides that the position detection unit utilizes the signals of a satellite navigation system.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen die Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Erfassungsbereiches im elektronischen Abbild eines Wegenetzes, sowie eingetragene Positionsdaten eines Fahrzeugs für zwei Streckenzüge A und B, undThe invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This show the Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a detection area in the electronic image of a road network, as well as registered position data of a vehicle for two lines A and B, and

Fig. 2 den Erfassungsbereich von Fig. 1, wobei ihm ein erfindungsgemäßer Kontrollbereich überlagert ist. Fig. 2 the coverage of Fig. 1 , wherein it is superimposed on a control area according to the invention.

In der Fig. 1 ist in schematischer Weise ein Erfassungsbereich E gezeigt, wie er im elektronischen Abbild eines Wegenetzes festgelegt ist. Der Erfassungsbereich E ist im gezeigten Beispiel durch einen Kreis definiert, es können aber auch andere geometrische Formen, wie etwa schlauchförmige Figuren oder geschlossene Polygonzüge, Verwendung finden. Ziel der Erfassungsbereiche ist es, den Verlauf mautpflichtiger Streckenabschnitte des Wegenetzes möglichst genau nachzubilden.In the Fig. 1 is schematically shown a detection area E, as defined in the electronic image of a road network. The detection area E is defined by a circle in the example shown, but other geometrical shapes, such as tubular figures or closed polygons, may also be used. The aim of the coverage areas is to replicate the course of toll road sections of the road network as closely as possible.

Zusätzlich sind in der Fig. 1 auch Positionsdaten P eingezeichnet, wie sie von den in Fahrzeugen angeordneten Positionsermittlungseinheiten ermittelt werden. Dabei sind in der Fig.1 ein erster Streckenzug A eingezeichnet, der durch den Erfassungsbereich E führt. Für diesen Streckenzug A wird in bekannter Weise ermittelt, dass sich das Fahrzeug hinsichtlich der Positionsdaten PE innerhalb eines mautpflichtigen Bereiches befindet. Die Positionsdaten PE werden von der Positionsermittlungseinheit des Fahrzeugs zwischengespeichert, bis das Fahrzeug den Erfassungsbereich E verlässt. Nach Verlassen des Erfassungsbereiches E werden auf Basis der innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches E liegenden Positionsdaten PE alle mautrelevanten Informationen, vorzugsweise von der Positionsermittlungseinheit, ermittelt, und in aufbereiteter Form an eine zentrale Verwaltungseinheit gesendet. Die Verwaltungseinheit übernimmt anschließend alle weiteren, für eine Verrechnung an den entsprechenden Mautteilnehmer erforderlichen Schritte.In addition, in the Fig. 1 Also position data P drawn as they are determined by the arranged in vehicles position detection units. There are in the Fig.1 a first line A drawn, which leads through the detection area E. For this line A, it is determined in a known manner that the vehicle is within a toll area with respect to the position data P E. The position data P E are temporarily stored by the position determining unit of the vehicle until the vehicle leaves the detection area E. After leaving the detection area E are based on the position data P E located within the detection area E all toll-related information, preferably, determined by the position determining unit, and transmitted in a processed form to a central management unit. The administrative unit then takes over all further steps required for clearing to the corresponding toll subscriber.

Die Erfassungsbereiche E werden im Zuge der Konfiguration des Mautsystems festgelegt. Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, kann es im praktischen Betrieb des Mautsystems dazu kommen, dass ein Fahrzeug eine mautpflichtige Straße befährt, ohne vom Mautsystem erfasst zu werden, da der entsprechende Erfassungsbereich E nicht optimal festgelegt ist. Dieser Fall ist in der Fig. 1 durch den Streckenzug B angedeutet. Beim Streckenzug B bewegt sich das entsprechende Fahrzeug zwar auf einer mautpflichtigen Straße, dennoch wird diese mautpflichtige Fahrt von der Positionsermittlungseinheit aufgrund einer suboptimalen Wahl des Erfassungsbereiches E nicht erkannt. Diese Fälle sind bei der Konfiguration des Mautsystems oft nicht im vorhinein erkennbar, da der Genauigkeit des Übertragens der Fahrzeugposition in das elektronische Abbild des Wegenetzes durch Faktoren Grenzen gesetzt sind, die vielfach erst durch praktische Erfahrung erkannt werden. Die Fahrt entlang des Streckenzuges B wird somit von der mobilen Positionsermittlungseinheit des Fahrzeugs nicht erfasst, und daher werden auch keine mautrelevanten Daten an die Verwaltungseinheit übermittelt.The detection areas E are defined during the configuration of the toll system. As already mentioned, in the practical operation of the toll system, a vehicle may enter a toll road without being detected by the toll system, since the corresponding coverage area E is not optimally determined. This case is in the Fig. 1 indicated by the line B train. In the case of the train B, the corresponding vehicle moves on a toll road, but this toll road is not recognized by the position detection unit due to a suboptimal choice of coverage E. These cases are often not recognizable in advance in the configuration of the toll system, since the accuracy of transmitting the vehicle position in the electronic image of the road network are limited by factors that are often only recognized by practical experience. The journey along the train B is thus not detected by the mobile position-determining unit of the vehicle, and therefore no toll-relevant data is transmitted to the administrative unit.

Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, den Erfassungsbereich E mit einem zusätzlichen Kontrollbereich K zu versehen, der den Erfassungsbereich E in seiner räumlichen Erstreckung überragt, wie dies in der Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Die Fig. 2 zeigt einen Kontrollbereich K, der etwa als konzentrischer Kreis um den kreisförmigen Erfassungsbereich E ausgeführt ist, er könnte aber auch andere Formen aufweisen. Die Positionsermittlungseinheit überprüft nun nicht nur, ob die ermittelten Positionsdaten P innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches E fallen, sondern auch, ob sie innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches K liegen. Falls die Positionsdaten P sowohl innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches E wie auch des Kontrollbereiches K liegen, es sich also hinsichtlich der Fig. 2 etwa um die Positionsdaten PE gemäß des Streckenzuges A handelt, werden die innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches E liegenden Positionsdaten PE weiterverarbeitet, und in weiterer Folge mautrelevante Daten an die Verwaltungseinheit gesendet. Die Verarbeitung der Positionsdaten PE und das Senden der aufbereiteten, mautrelevanten Daten an die Verwaltungseinheit erfolgt dabei in herkömmlicher Weise.According to the invention it is therefore provided to provide the detection area E with an additional control area K, which projects beyond the detection area E in its spatial extent, as shown in the Fig. 2 is shown. The Fig. 2 shows a control range K, which is executed approximately as a concentric circle around the circular detection area E, but it could also have other shapes. The position detection unit now not only checks whether the determined position data P fall within the detection range E, but also whether they are within the control range K. If the position data P are both within the detection range E as well as the control range K, so it is in terms of Fig. 2 is about the position data P E according to the line A, the lying within the coverage area E position data P E are further processed, and subsequently toll-relevant data to the administrative unit Posted. The processing of the position data P E and the sending of the processed, toll-relevant data to the administrative unit is carried out in a conventional manner.

Für den Streckenzug B erkennt die Positionsermittlungseinheit jedoch, dass die Positionsdaten PK zwar innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches K liegen, aber nicht innerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches E. In diesen Fällen besteht der Verdacht, dass es sich um eine mautpflichtige Fahrt gehandelt hat, die aber aufgrund einer suboptimalen Wahl des Erfassungsbereiches E nicht detektiert wurde. In diesen Fällen werden die innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches K liegenden Positionsdaten PK an die zentrale Verwaltungseinheit gesendet, wo eine Prüfung der Daten vorgenommen wird. Bei wiederholter Ermittlung von Fahrzeugpositionen innerhalb des Kontrollbereiches K und außerhalb des Erfassungsbereiches E kann eine Anpassung des Erfassungsbereiches E im elektronischen Abbild des Wegenetzes vorgenommen werden, die etwa in Form eines entsprechenden Software-Updates an die mobilen Positionsermittlungseinheiten übermittelt wird.For the train B, however, the position detection unit recognizes that the position data P K are indeed within the control range K, but not within the detection range E. In these cases, there is a suspicion that it was a toll ride, but due to a suboptimal Selection of the detection area E was not detected. In these cases, the position data P K within the control area K are sent to the central management unit, where a check of the data is made. Upon repeated determination of vehicle positions within the control area K and outside the coverage area E, an adaptation of the coverage area E in the electronic image of the road network can be made, which is transmitted to the mobile position determination units in the form of a corresponding software update.

Dadurch kann die Erfassung mautpflichtiger Fahrzeuge optimiert werden, wobei insbesondere ein Prüfverfahren geschaffen wird, mit dem auch nicht-erfasste Fahrten einer nachträglichen Kontrolle unterworfen werden, ohne dabei aber das Datenaufkommen wesentlich zu erhöhen.As a result, the collection of toll vehicles can be optimized, in particular, a test procedure is created, with the non-recorded trips are subject to subsequent control, but without significantly increasing the amount of data.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for optimising the detection of vehicles liable to toll on toll roads of a road network, comprising a vehicle-mounted position-determining unit and a vehicle-external management unit having a data connection to said vehicle-mounted position-determining unit, wherein detection zones (E) are superimposed on the toll roads of the road network in an electronic image of the road network, and the vehicle-mounted position-determining unit, upon determining vehicle positions (PE) within the detection zone (E), determines toll-related data on the basis of position data (PE) located within the detection zone (E) and sends said toll-related data to the management unit, characterised in that monitoring zones (K) are additionally provided in the electronic image of the road network, which monitoring zones are assigned to detection zones (E) and in their spatial extent extend in each case beyond the detection zone (E) assigned to them, wherein the position-determining unit, upon determining journeys exclusively within the monitoring zone (K) and outside the detection zone (E), sends the position data (PK) of these journeys that is located within the monitoring zone (K) to the management unit, and the management unit carries out a retrospective check of this position data (PK) and, if necessary, an adjustment of the detection zone (E) in the electronic image of the road network.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the position-determining unit, upon determining journeys with vehicle positions within the monitoring zone (K) as well as within the detection zone (E), deletes the vehicle position data (PK) lying within the monitoring zone (K) and outside the detection zone (E).
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that if journeys with vehicle positions exclusively within the monitoring zone (K) and outside the detection zone (E) are determined repeatedly, an adjustment of the detection zone (E) is carried out in the electronic image of the road network.
  4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the position-determining unit utilises the signals of a satellite navigation system.
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US7539500B2 (en) * 2005-05-16 2009-05-26 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Using cell phones and wireless cellular systems with location capability for toll paying and collection
WO2007073748A1 (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-07-05 Entersoft Szamitastechnikai Kft. System and method for determining the tolls for road sections and/or regions which are subject to a toll
DE602006000702T2 (en) * 2006-01-18 2009-03-26 Gmv Aerospace And Defence S.A. Automatic route calculation system based exclusively on satellite navigation, taking into account the position error and method

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DK1920411T3 (en) 2012-09-03
AU2006286682B2 (en) 2012-11-01
EP1920411A1 (en) 2008-05-14
US20090326994A1 (en) 2009-12-31
SI1920411T1 (en) 2012-09-28
KR100980136B1 (en) 2010-09-03
PL1920411T3 (en) 2012-10-31
WO2007025826A1 (en) 2007-03-08
RU2417447C2 (en) 2011-04-27
AU2006286682A1 (en) 2007-03-08
KR20080039513A (en) 2008-05-07
DE102005041068B4 (en) 2007-06-06
RU2008112136A (en) 2009-10-10
US8255272B2 (en) 2012-08-28
DE102005041068A1 (en) 2007-03-01
NZ565910A (en) 2011-02-25

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