EP1907162A1 - Method for machining metal conduits to form a v-shaped profiled section on pipeline metal pipes; metal conduit; welding method combining in a common laser fusion bath and electric arc for assembling said conduits - Google Patents

Method for machining metal conduits to form a v-shaped profiled section on pipeline metal pipes; metal conduit; welding method combining in a common laser fusion bath and electric arc for assembling said conduits

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Publication number
EP1907162A1
EP1907162A1 EP06764726A EP06764726A EP1907162A1 EP 1907162 A1 EP1907162 A1 EP 1907162A1 EP 06764726 A EP06764726 A EP 06764726A EP 06764726 A EP06764726 A EP 06764726A EP 1907162 A1 EP1907162 A1 EP 1907162A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
profile
metal
duct
conduits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06764726A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles Richard
Abdelkrim Chehaibou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut de Soudure
Serimax SAS
Original Assignee
Institut de Soudure
Serimax SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut de Soudure, Serimax SAS filed Critical Institut de Soudure
Publication of EP1907162A1 publication Critical patent/EP1907162A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
    • B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
    • B23K9/0286—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections with an electrode moving around the fixed tube during the welding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/006—Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/10—Pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of machining metal conduits 5 which end to end with identical conduits to be welded form pipeline type metal pipes for the transport of gas, oil and a method of welding metal conduits Machined according to the machining process.
  • hybrid laser welding process In order to achieve the solder joint reliably, it has been proposed to use an electric arc assisted laser welding process, hereinafter referred to as a hybrid laser welding process.
  • a hybrid laser welding process In order to achieve the solder joint reliably, it has been proposed to use an electric arc assisted laser welding process, hereinafter referred to as a hybrid laser welding process.
  • the various hybrid laser welding processes and devices for their implementation have many disadvantages. 0
  • the electric arc has a low power of interpenetration in the thickness of the bead, it therefore results in a dilution of the non-homogeneous filler metal through the thickness of the melt, the filler metal remaining mainly in the outer part of the chamfer.
  • US-A-4213555 discloses a welding method in which it is proposed for tubes having a thickness greater than 12 mm to make the chamfer as having from the base a first inclined slope of 25 ° followed by a second slope of 5 ° with respect to the joint plane. Such a chamfer does not have a heel. However, if a hybrid laser welding process with a chamfer of such a shape is used, there is a risk of chamfer penetrations, collapse of the melt or the risk of a stepped joint profile if there is one. misalignment of the two tubes.
  • TGF GAY &J.SPENCE's Rational Welding Design 1982, Butterwoths & Co (Publishers) Ltd, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, page 71, discloses butt welding of thickness less than 20 mm, the end of which has a profile with a straight part followed by an inclined part so as to form a chamfer with heel and outer case in V of slope of 30 ° to 40 ° which has the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • This same document proposes to produce, for ducts with a thickness greater than 20 mm, a profile having a straight part and a section inclined from 10 to 15 °, connected by a curved section making it possible to obtain a U-shaped bevel, this curved section forms well a chamfer n U because it is not tangent to the inclined section.
  • a U-shaped chamfer is also described in "Welder's Troubleshooting Guide," 1983, Reston Publishing Company, I, Reston, Virginia, USA, pages 55-56.
  • FR 985 513 proposes a duct profile comprising a straight portion and an inclined portion connected by a flat portion and a curved portion, the chamfer thus formed is U-shaped flat bottom, there is then a problem of centering the laser beam when laser welding with such a chamfer.
  • a problem arises as soon as the thickness of the ends to be assembled increases and a chamfer too wide is difficult to fulfill with automated arc welding equipment.
  • V and U bevels have also been proposed, such as those described in JP 56151192.
  • the disadvantages of the V and U chamfer are found.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a method of machining metal conduits, which, end-to-end to be welded with identical conduits, forms a pipeline-type pipe, the machined ends forming together a chamfer of new form for high-speed welding of the penetration pass, in particular by a hybrid laser welding process.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for machining the ends of a metal duct intended to form, when it is placed end to end with identical ducts and welded to them, a pipeline-type duct for creating at the level of the joint plane with another identical duct a V-shaped chamfer, characterized in that the ends of the duct are cut so that the profile of each end has at least a first straight section, at the inner edge, intended for forming a portion of the V-chamfer heel and an arcuate section connecting said straight section of the profile to a rectilinear section inclined relative to the cross section of this profile, the outer edge of the tubular piece.
  • the cross-section of the end profile of a duct abuts against the cross-section of the end profile of the duct.
  • the other leads to form the heel of a V-shaped chamfer, whose tip is slightly curved on either side of the joint plane due to the two arcuate sections and the V-shaped chamfer has an opening defined by the end of inclined sections.
  • the arcuate section is defined to be tangent to the inclined rectilinear section and the inclination angle ⁇ of the inclined section is preferably in the range of 15 ° to 45 ° relative to the cross section of the end profile, coincident with the joint plane, so that the width of the chamfer at its open end is at most 10 mm.
  • a duct thus machined preferably has a thickness of at most 10 mm and the cross section of the profile has a minimum thickness of 2 mm to ensure reproducibility of machining and so that the heel of the chamfer formed can not be pierced during a penetration pass by a laser beam for example.
  • the profile may furthermore have a second section inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the section right of the end profile of the duct, said angle ⁇ being less than the angle ⁇ , connected to the first inclined section by a second arcuate section, so as to always maintain the open width of the chamfer less than 14 mm.
  • the second arc is chosen to be tangent to the two inclined sections.
  • Ducts obtained according to the machining method of the invention are particularly advantageous in the context of using a hybrid laser welding process in which the penetration pass is achieved from the outside by creating a single melt under the simultaneous action of at least one laser beam transmitted by optical fiber and at least one gas-shielded electric arc generated from a fuse electrode.
  • the cross section of the end profile of the conduit then has a maximum thickness equivalent to 2 mm + a value corresponding to the power in kW of the laser used.
  • This allows a high welding speed of several meters per minute during the penetration phase while using a laser power of only a few kW and which can in particular be less than 4 kW, which is economically advantageous.
  • the point of impact of the electric arc is close to the focal point of the laser beam, the interval between the two being called “offset", this interval being -5 to 5 mm with respect to the point of contact. focusing of the laser beam.
  • the arcuate parts in the bottom of the chamfer confer a tolerance on the centering of the laser beam, thus ensuring increased compactness by less sensitivity to the risk of lack of penetration.
  • the opening in the upper part of the first inclined sections of the end profiles of the conduits does not exceed 10 mm, which makes it possible not to have an opening of chamfer too wide in the part corresponding to the part of the welded joint by the laser process and further allows to obtain a high deposited metal height even at high speed. Likewise, this opening is always greater than 3 mm in order to avoid problems of hot cracking.
  • a duct obtained according to the machining method of the invention allows the implementation of a hybrid laser welding process as mentioned above with good productivity while limiting the risk of lack of lateral fusion due to low energy welding used.
  • the position of the focusing point of the laser beam can be adjusted independently of one another.
  • the interval between the focusing point of the laser beam and the position of the point of impact of the electric arc and the angular position of the electric arc welding torch such as a MIG torch relative to the laser beam, the MIG torch being angularly offset to the laser beam.
  • the focus point of the laser beam is adjustable within a range of +/- 5mm above or below the chamfer heel, the interval between the focus point and the point of impact of the arc.
  • the electric range may vary in the range of -5 mm to +5 mm on either side of the laser focus point and the angular range in which the MIG torch varies with respect to the laser beam is 5 ° to 45 °.
  • the profile comprises an inclined section or double section inclined with the angle ⁇ of the first section greater than the angle ⁇ of the second section, the aperture of the chamfer remaining limited to 14 mm maximum to allow the rest of the welding with the electric arc method with fuse wire in narrow chamfer configuration whatever the configuration of the welding head (mono, multi torches).
  • arcuate sections at the bottom of the chamfer allows a better interpenetration of the electric arc in the thickness of the heel, one thus obtains a dilution of the more homogeneous filler metal and thus mechanical characteristics also more homogeneous.
  • the left-hand part of the figure corresponds to a duct 1 having a thickness hi and the right-hand part of the figure corresponds to a duct 2 having a thickness less than h 2 to hi
  • the cross section 3 of the end profile of the two ducts 1 and 2 has a height h 3 of 2 mm.
  • the cross section is followed by a circular arc section 4 of identical radius Ri on the left and right side of the single figure.
  • This arcuate section 4 serves as a connection between the straight section 3 and a rectilinear section inclined with respect to the joint plane P.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ is in the example represented by 25 °.
  • the inclined section 5 is followed by a second circular arc section of radius R 2 which connects said inclined section 5 to a second inclined section 6 or 6 '.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of this second inclined section relative to the joint plane P is less than ⁇ and in the example represented equal to 5 °.
  • the width U of the opening of the chamfer is at most 10 mm in the example shown in the right part of the single figure and the width L is at most 14 mm in the example of the left part.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for machining the ends of a metal conduit (1) for forming, when it is abutted with identical conduits, a pipeline pipe, to form at the plane of the parting line (3) with another identical conduit a V-shaped bevel. The invention is characterized in that it consists in cutting the ends of the conduit so that the profile of each end has at least one first cross-section, at the inner edge, designed to constitute part of the root face of the V-shaped bevel and an arc-shaped section linking said cross-section of the profile to a rectilinear section (5) inclined relative to the cross-section of said profile, at the outer edge of the tubular part. The invention is applicable to metal conduits, in particular for pipelines.

Description

PROCEDE D'USINAGE DE CONDUITS METALLIQUES DESTINE A FORMER UN PROFIL EN V SUR DES CONDUITS METALLIQUES DU TYPE PIPELINE ; CONDUIT METALLIQUE ; PROCEDE DE SOUDAGE COMBINAT DANS UN MEME BAIN DE FUSION LASER ET ARC ELECTRIQUE POUR ASSEMBLER DE TELS CONDUITSPROCESS FOR MACHINING METAL CONDUITS FOR FORMING A V-PROFILE ON PIPELINE-TYPE METAL CONDUITS; METALLIC CONDUIT; COMBINATION WELDING PROCESS IN SAME LASER FUSION BATH AND ELECTRIC ARC FOR ASSEMBLING SUCH DUCTS
La présente invention concerne un procédé d'usinage de conduits métalliques 5 qui mis bout à bout avec des conduits identiques pour être soudés forment des canalisations métalliques du type pipeline, destinées au transport de gaz, pétrole ainsi qu'un procédé de soudage de conduits métalliques usinés selon le procédé d'usinage.The present invention relates to a method of machining metal conduits 5 which end to end with identical conduits to be welded form pipeline type metal pipes for the transport of gas, oil and a method of welding metal conduits Machined according to the machining process.
0 Pour former des canalisations de type pipeline, il est important que la soudure réalisée entre deux conduits présente les qualités requises au transport des matières telles que le pétrole, le gaz, la soudure ne devant donc pas présenter de défauts risquant d'entraîner des faiblesses.To form pipelines of the pipeline type, it is important that the weld made between two pipes has the qualities required for the transport of materials such as oil, gas, welding must therefore not have defects that could lead to weaknesses. .
5 Pour réaliser le joint de soudure de manière fiable, on a proposé d'utiliser un procédé de soudage laser assisté par arc électrique, appelé ci-après procédé de soudage laser hybride. Toutefois, les différents procédés de soudage au laser hybride et dispositifs pour leur mise en œuvre présentent de nombreux inconvénients. 0In order to achieve the solder joint reliably, it has been proposed to use an electric arc assisted laser welding process, hereinafter referred to as a hybrid laser welding process. However, the various hybrid laser welding processes and devices for their implementation have many disadvantages. 0
Ainsi, on a pu constater que, lorsqu'on utilise un dispositif de soudage au laser hybride sur des conduits sans profil d'extrémité chanfreiné (bord à bord) pour des épaisseurs de conduit inférieures à 12 mm, survient généralement un problème de centrage du laser par rapport au plan de joint et de parfaite 5 perpendicularité de la torche, le moindre décentrage induisant un manque de pénétration et/ou un manque de fusion latérale. De plus, il est nécessaire d'utiliser une puissance laser très importante généralement supérieure à 4 kW, ce qui économiquement n'est pas intéressant.Thus, it has been found that, when using a hybrid laser welding device on ducts without chamfered end profile (edge to edge) for duct thicknesses less than 12 mm, a problem of centering the duct usually occurs. laser with respect to the plane of the joint and perfect perpendicularity of the torch, the slightest decentering inducing a lack of penetration and / or a lack of lateral fusion. In addition, it is necessary to use a very large laser power generally greater than 4 kW, which is economically not interesting.
0 Lorsque le chanfrein est avec talon et casse extérieur en V de forte pente, il existe également un problème de centrage du faisceau laser. De plus, un problème se pose dès que l'épaisseur des extrémités à assembler augmente et un chanfrein trop large est difficile à remplir avec des équipements de soudage à l'arc automatisés.0 When the chamfer is with heel and outer case in V of steep slope, there is also a problem of centering the laser beam. In addition, a problem arises as soon as the thickness of the ends to be assembled increases and a chamfer that is too wide is difficult to fill with automated arc welding equipment.
Lorsque le chanfrein est avec talon et casse extérieur en V faible pente, il existe toujours un problème de centrage du faisceau laser. En outre, le chanfrein en V étant très fermé, l'arc électrique n'est pas stable en fond de chanfrein et risque de s'accrocher de manière incontrôlée sur tel ou tel bord du chanfrein. De plus, selon la qualité du centrage de l'électrode fusible (métal d'apport), qui n'est jamais parfaite du fait de la courbure rémanente du fil, l'arc électrique ne sera pas centré et sera forcé sur l'une des faces du chanfrein créant ainsi des défauts de type cavités latérales, manque de fusion latérale, générant un sérieux problème de reproductibilité et donc de qualité.When the chamfer is with heel and outer case V low slope, there is still a problem of centering the laser beam. In addition, the V-chamfer being very closed, the electric arc is not stable at the bottom of the chamfer and may hang uncontrollably on this or that edge of the chamfer. In addition, depending on the centering quality of the fuse electrode (filler metal), which is never perfect due to the non-linear curvature of the wire, the electric arc will not be centered and will be forced on one side. chamfer faces thus creating lateral cavity type defects, lack of lateral fusion, generating a serious problem of reproducibility and therefore quality.
Enfin, dans un chanfrein en V, l'arc électrique présente un faible pouvoir d'interpénétration dans l'épaisseur du talon, il en résulte donc une dilution du métal d'apport non homogène à travers l'épaisseur du bain de fusion, le métal d'apport restant principalement en partie extérieure du chanfrein.Finally, in a V-shaped chamfer, the electric arc has a low power of interpenetration in the thickness of the bead, it therefore results in a dilution of the non-homogeneous filler metal through the thickness of the melt, the filler metal remaining mainly in the outer part of the chamfer.
Par le document US-A-4213 555, on connaît un procédé de soudage dans lequel on propose pour des tubes présentant une épaisseur supérieure à 12 mm de réaliser le chanfrein comme présentant depuis la base une première pente inclinée de 25° suivie d'une seconde pente de 5° par rapport au plan de joint. Un tel chanfrein ne comporte pas de talon. Toutefois, si on utilise un procédé de soudage laser hybride avec un chanfrein d'une telle forme, on encourt des risques de traversées du chanfrein, d'effondrement du bain de fusion ou encore des risques de profil de joint en paliers s'il existe un mauvais alignement des deux tubes.US-A-4213555 discloses a welding method in which it is proposed for tubes having a thickness greater than 12 mm to make the chamfer as having from the base a first inclined slope of 25 ° followed by a second slope of 5 ° with respect to the joint plane. Such a chamfer does not have a heel. However, if a hybrid laser welding process with a chamfer of such a shape is used, there is a risk of chamfer penetrations, collapse of the melt or the risk of a stepped joint profile if there is one. misalignment of the two tubes.
On connaît par le document « Rational Welding Design » de TGF GAY & J.SPENCE, 1982, Butterwoths & Co (Publishers) Ltd, Norwich, Norfolk, Royaume-Uni, page 71 , on propose de souder bout à bout des conduits d'épaisseur inférieure à 20 mm dont l'extrémité présente un profil comportant une partie droite suivie d'une partie inclinée de manière à former un chanfrein avec talon et casse extérieur en V de pente de 30° à 40° qui présente les inconvénients évoqués ci-dessus. Ce même document propose de réaliser pour les conduits d'épaisseur supérieure à 20 mm un profil présentant une partie droite et une section inclinée de 10 à 15°, reliées par une section courbe permettant d'obtenir un chanfrein en U, cette section courbe forme bien un chanfreine n U car elle n'est pas tangente à la section inclinée. Un tel chanfrein en U est également décrit dans « Welder's Troubleshooting Guide », 1983, Reston Publishingcompany, I ne, Reston, Virginie, USA, pages 55-56.TGF GAY &J.SPENCE's Rational Welding Design, 1982, Butterwoths & Co (Publishers) Ltd, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, page 71, discloses butt welding of thickness less than 20 mm, the end of which has a profile with a straight part followed by an inclined part so as to form a chamfer with heel and outer case in V of slope of 30 ° to 40 ° which has the drawbacks mentioned above. This same document proposes to produce, for ducts with a thickness greater than 20 mm, a profile having a straight part and a section inclined from 10 to 15 °, connected by a curved section making it possible to obtain a U-shaped bevel, this curved section forms well a chamfer n U because it is not tangent to the inclined section. Such a U-shaped chamfer is also described in "Welder's Troubleshooting Guide," 1983, Reston Publishing Company, I, Reston, Virginia, USA, pages 55-56.
Dans FR 985 513, on propose un profil de conduit comportant une partie droite et une partie inclinée reliées par une partie plate et une partie courbe, le chanfrein ainsi formé est en forme de U à fond plat, il existe alors un problème de centrage du faisceau laser lors de soudage au laser avec un tel chanfrein. De plus, un problème se pose dès que l'épaisseur des extrémités à assembler augmente et un chanfrein trop large est difficile à remplir avec des équipements de soudage à l'arc automatisés.FR 985 513 proposes a duct profile comprising a straight portion and an inclined portion connected by a flat portion and a curved portion, the chamfer thus formed is U-shaped flat bottom, there is then a problem of centering the laser beam when laser welding with such a chamfer. In addition, a problem arises as soon as the thickness of the ends to be assembled increases and a chamfer too wide is difficult to fulfill with automated arc welding equipment.
Des conduits dont l'extrémité présente un profil propre à former, mis bout à bout, des chanfreins en U du même type et donc présentant les mêmes problèmes qu'évoqués ci-dessus, sont également décrits dans US 2 415 987, JP 48 070639 et GB 656,696.Ducts whose end has a profile to form, put end to end, U-shaped chamfers of the same type and therefore having the same problems as mentioned above, are also described in US 2,415,987, JP 48 070639 and GB 656,696.
On a proposé également des chanfreins en V et en U à la fois tels que ceux décrits dans JP 56151192. Cependant dans le cadre d'un soudage au faisceau laser les inconvénients du chanfrein en V et en U se retrouvent.Both V and U bevels have also been proposed, such as those described in JP 56151192. However, in the context of a laser beam welding, the disadvantages of the V and U chamfer are found.
L'invention a pour but de pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un procédé d'usinage de conduits métalliques, qui, mis bout à bout pour être soudés avec des conduits identiques, forme une canalisation de type pipeline, les extrémités usinées formant ensemble un chanfrein de forme nouvelle permettant un soudage à grande vitesse de la passe de pénétration, notamment par un procédé de soudage laser hybride. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé d'usinage des extrémités d'un conduit métallique destiné à former, lorsqu'il est mis bout à bout avec des conduits identiques et soudé à eux, une canalisation de type pipeline, pour créer au niveau du plan de joint avec un autre conduit identique un chanfrein en V, caractérisé en ce qu'on découpe les extrémités du conduit de sorte que le profil de chaque extrémité présente au moins une première section droite, au bord intérieur, destinée à constituer une partie du talon du chanfrein en V et une section en arc de cercle reliant ladite section droite du profil à une section rectiligne inclinée par rapport à Ia section droite de ce profil, au bord extérieur de la pièce tubulaire.The object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a method of machining metal conduits, which, end-to-end to be welded with identical conduits, forms a pipeline-type pipe, the machined ends forming together a chamfer of new form for high-speed welding of the penetration pass, in particular by a hybrid laser welding process. To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for machining the ends of a metal duct intended to form, when it is placed end to end with identical ducts and welded to them, a pipeline-type duct for creating at the level of the joint plane with another identical duct a V-shaped chamfer, characterized in that the ends of the duct are cut so that the profile of each end has at least a first straight section, at the inner edge, intended for forming a portion of the V-chamfer heel and an arcuate section connecting said straight section of the profile to a rectilinear section inclined relative to the cross section of this profile, the outer edge of the tubular piece.
Ainsi de manière très avantageuse, lorsqu'on met bout à bout des conduits usinés selon le procédé de l'invention, la section droite du profil d'extrémité d'un conduit est en butée contre la section droite du profil d'extrémité de l'autre conduit pour former le talon d'un chanfrein en V, dont la pointe est légèrement courbe de part et d'autre du plan de joint du fait des deux sections en arc de cercle et le chanfrein en V présente une ouverture définie par l'extrémité des sections inclinées.Thus, very advantageously, when ducts machined according to the method of the invention are put end to end, the cross-section of the end profile of a duct abuts against the cross-section of the end profile of the duct. the other leads to form the heel of a V-shaped chamfer, whose tip is slightly curved on either side of the joint plane due to the two arcuate sections and the V-shaped chamfer has an opening defined by the end of inclined sections.
De préférence, la section en arc de cercle est définie de manière à être tangente avec la section rectiligne inclinée et l'angle d'inclinaison α de le section inclinée se trouve de préférence dans la plage de 15° à 45° par rapport à la section droite du profil d'extrémité, confondue avec le plan de joint, de sorte que la largeur du chanfrein à son extrémité ouverte est d'au plus 10 mm.Preferably, the arcuate section is defined to be tangent to the inclined rectilinear section and the inclination angle α of the inclined section is preferably in the range of 15 ° to 45 ° relative to the cross section of the end profile, coincident with the joint plane, so that the width of the chamfer at its open end is at most 10 mm.
Un conduit ainsi usiné présente de préférence une épaisseur d'au plus 10 mm et la section droite du profil présente une épaisseur minimale de 2 mm afin d'assurer une reproductibilité d'usinage et de sorte que le talon du chanfrein formé ne puisse pas être percé lors d'une passe de pénétration par un faisceau laser par exemple.A duct thus machined preferably has a thickness of at most 10 mm and the cross section of the profile has a minimum thickness of 2 mm to ensure reproducibility of machining and so that the heel of the chamfer formed can not be pierced during a penetration pass by a laser beam for example.
Pour des conduits présentant une épaisseur supérieure, le profil peut présenter en outre une seconde section inclinée d'un angle β par rapport à la section droite du profil d'extrémité du conduit, ledit angle β étant inférieur à l'angle α, reliée à la première section inclinée par une seconde section en arc de cercle, de manière à maintenir toujours la largeur ouverte du chanfrein inférieure à 14 mm. Le second arc de cercle est choisi de sorte à être tangent aux deux sections inclinées.For ducts having a greater thickness, the profile may furthermore have a second section inclined at an angle β with respect to the section right of the end profile of the duct, said angle β being less than the angle α, connected to the first inclined section by a second arcuate section, so as to always maintain the open width of the chamfer less than 14 mm. The second arc is chosen to be tangent to the two inclined sections.
Des conduits obtenus selon le procédé d'usinage de l'invention sont particulièrement avantageux dans le cadre d'une utilisation d'un procédé de soudage laser hydride dans lequel on réalise la passe de pénétration par l'extérieur en créant un bain de fusion unique sous l'action simultanée d'au moins un faisceau laser transmis par fibre optique et d'au moins un arc électrique sous protection gazeuse généré à partir d'une électrode fusible.Ducts obtained according to the machining method of the invention are particularly advantageous in the context of using a hybrid laser welding process in which the penetration pass is achieved from the outside by creating a single melt under the simultaneous action of at least one laser beam transmitted by optical fiber and at least one gas-shielded electric arc generated from a fuse electrode.
En effet, on peut souder à grande vitesse la passe de pénétration tout en obtenant une épaisseur de la passe de pénétration supérieure à 4 mm et avec une compacité de cordon de soudure d'excellente qualité et reproductible.Indeed, it is possible to weld at high speed the penetration pass while obtaining a thickness of the penetration pass greater than 4 mm and with compactness weld bead of excellent quality and reproducible.
De préférence, la section droite du profil d'extrémité du conduit présente alors une épaisseur maximale équivalente à 2 mm + une valeur correspondant à la puissance en kW du laser utilisée. Ceci permet une grande vitesse de soudage de plusieurs mètres par minute en phase de pénétration tout en utilisant une puissance laser de quelques kW seulement et qui peut notamment être inférieure à 4 kW, ce qui est économiquement avantageux.Preferably, the cross section of the end profile of the conduit then has a maximum thickness equivalent to 2 mm + a value corresponding to the power in kW of the laser used. This allows a high welding speed of several meters per minute during the penetration phase while using a laser power of only a few kW and which can in particular be less than 4 kW, which is economically advantageous.
De préférence, le point d'impact de l'arc électrique se trouve voisin du point de focalisation du faisceau laser, l'intervalle entre les deux étant dénommé « offset », cet intervalle étant de -5 à 5 mm par rapport au point de focalisation du faisceau laser.Preferably, the point of impact of the electric arc is close to the focal point of the laser beam, the interval between the two being called "offset", this interval being -5 to 5 mm with respect to the point of contact. focusing of the laser beam.
Les parties en arc de cercle présentent dans le fond du chanfrein confèrent une tolérance quant au centrage du faisceau laser, garantissant ainsi une compacité accrue par une moindre sensibilité au risque de manque de pénétration. L'ouverture en partie haute des premières sections inclinées des profils d'extrémité des conduits ne dépasse pas 10 mm, ce qui permet de ne pas avoir une ouverture de chanfrein trop large dans la partie correspondant à la partie du joint soudé par le procédé laser et permet en outre d'obtenir une hauteur de métal déposée importante même à grande vitesse. De même, cette ouverture est toujours supérieure à 3 mm de manière à éviter les problèmes de fissuration à chaud.The arcuate parts in the bottom of the chamfer confer a tolerance on the centering of the laser beam, thus ensuring increased compactness by less sensitivity to the risk of lack of penetration. The opening in the upper part of the first inclined sections of the end profiles of the conduits does not exceed 10 mm, which makes it possible not to have an opening of chamfer too wide in the part corresponding to the part of the welded joint by the laser process and further allows to obtain a high deposited metal height even at high speed. Likewise, this opening is always greater than 3 mm in order to avoid problems of hot cracking.
Un conduit obtenu selon le procédé d'usinage de l'invention permet la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de soudage laser hybride comme évoqué ci-dessus présentant une bonne productivité tout en limitant le risque de manque de fusion latérale consécutif à la faible énergie de soudage utilisée.A duct obtained according to the machining method of the invention allows the implementation of a hybrid laser welding process as mentioned above with good productivity while limiting the risk of lack of lateral fusion due to low energy welding used.
De préférence, au cours de la passe de pénétration réalisée sous l'action combinée du laser et de l'arc électrique selon ce procédé de soudage laser hybride, on peut régler indépendamment les uns des autres, la position du point de focalisation du faisceau laser, l'intervalle entre le point de focalisation du faisceau laser et la position du point d'impact de l'arc électrique ainsi que la position angulaire de la torche de soudage à arc électrique telle qu'une torche MIG par rapport au faisceau laser, la torche MIG étant décalée angulairement au faisceau laser.Preferably, during the penetration pass performed under the combined action of the laser and the electric arc according to this hybrid laser welding method, the position of the focusing point of the laser beam can be adjusted independently of one another. the interval between the focusing point of the laser beam and the position of the point of impact of the electric arc and the angular position of the electric arc welding torch such as a MIG torch relative to the laser beam, the MIG torch being angularly offset to the laser beam.
De préférence, Ie point de focalisation du faisceau laser est ajustable dans une plage de +/- 5mm au-dessus ou au-dessous du talon du chanfrein, l'intervalle entre le point de focalisation et le point d'impact de l'arc électrique peut varier dans la plage de -5 mm à +5 mm de part et d'autre du point de focalisation du laser et la plage angulaire dans laquelle varie la torche MIG par rapport au faisceau laser est de 5° à 45°.Preferably, the focus point of the laser beam is adjustable within a range of +/- 5mm above or below the chamfer heel, the interval between the focus point and the point of impact of the arc. The electric range may vary in the range of -5 mm to +5 mm on either side of the laser focus point and the angular range in which the MIG torch varies with respect to the laser beam is 5 ° to 45 °.
En fonction de l'épaisseur des extrémités à souder, le profil comporte une section inclinée soit à double section inclinée avec l'angle α de la première section supérieur à l'angle β de la seconde section, l'ouverture du chanfrein restant limitée à 14 mm au plus pour permettre de réaliser le reste du soudage avec le procédé à l'arc électrique avec fil fusible en configuration de chanfrein étroit quelque soit la configuration de la tête de soudage (mono, multi torches).Depending on the thickness of the ends to be welded, the profile comprises an inclined section or double section inclined with the angle α of the first section greater than the angle β of the second section, the aperture of the chamfer remaining limited to 14 mm maximum to allow the rest of the welding with the electric arc method with fuse wire in narrow chamfer configuration whatever the configuration of the welding head (mono, multi torches).
La présence des sections en arc de cercle au fond du chanfrein permet une meilleure interpénétration de l'arc électrique dans l'épaisseur du talon, on obtient ainsi une dilution du métal d'apport plus homogène et donc des caractéristiques mécaniques également plus homogènes.The presence of arcuate sections at the bottom of the chamfer allows a better interpenetration of the electric arc in the thickness of the heel, one thus obtains a dilution of the more homogeneous filler metal and thus mechanical characteristics also more homogeneous.
On décrira maintenant l'invention plus en détail en référence à la figure unique qui représente une vue en coupe des extrémités de deux conduits réalisés respectivement selon deux variantes de la présente invention.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the single figure which represents a cross-sectional view of the ends of two ducts made respectively according to two variants of the present invention.
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure unique, la partie de gauche de la figure correspond à un conduit 1 présentant une épaisseur hi et la partie droite de la figure correspond à un conduit 2 d'épaisseur inférieure h2 à hiAs can be seen in the single figure, the left-hand part of the figure corresponds to a duct 1 having a thickness hi and the right-hand part of the figure corresponds to a duct 2 having a thickness less than h 2 to hi
La section droite 3 du profil d'extrémité des deux conduits 1 et 2 présente une hauteur h3 de 2 mm.The cross section 3 of the end profile of the two ducts 1 and 2 has a height h 3 of 2 mm.
La section droite est suivie d'une section d'arc de cercle 4 de rayon Ri identique sur la partie gauche et droite de la figure unique.The cross section is followed by a circular arc section 4 of identical radius Ri on the left and right side of the single figure.
Cette section d'arc de cercle 4 sert de liaison entre la section droite 3 et une section rectiligne inclinée 5 par rapport au plan de joint P. L'angle d'inclinaison α est dans l'exemple représenté de 25°.This arcuate section 4 serves as a connection between the straight section 3 and a rectilinear section inclined with respect to the joint plane P. The angle of inclination α is in the example represented by 25 °.
La section inclinée 5 est suivie d'une seconde section d'arc de cercle de rayon R2 qui relie ladite section inclinée 5 a une seconde section inclinée 6 ou 6'. De préférence l'angle β d'inclinaison de cette seconde section inclinée par rapport au plan de joint P est inférieur à α et dans l'exemple représenté égal à 5°. De cette manière, la largeur U de l'ouverture du chanfrein est d'au plus 10 mm dans l'exemple représenté dans la partie droite de la figure unique et la largeur L est d'au plus 14 mm dans l'exemple de la partie gauche.The inclined section 5 is followed by a second circular arc section of radius R 2 which connects said inclined section 5 to a second inclined section 6 or 6 '. Preferably the inclination angle β of this second inclined section relative to the joint plane P is less than α and in the example represented equal to 5 °. In this way, the width U of the opening of the chamfer is at most 10 mm in the example shown in the right part of the single figure and the width L is at most 14 mm in the example of the left part.
L'invention n'est, bien entendu pas limitée aux exemples représentés et mais couvre au contraire toutes les variantes possibles. The invention is of course not limited to the examples shown and, on the contrary, covers all the possible variants.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé d'usinage des extrémités d'un conduit métallique destiné à former, lorsqu'il est mis bout à bout avec des conduits identiques, une canalisation de type pipeline, pour former au niveau du plan de joint avec un autre conduit identique un chanfrein en V, caractérisé en ce qu'on découpe les extrémités du conduit de sorte que le profil de chaque extrémité présente au moins une première section droite, au bord intérieur, destinée à constituer une partie du talon du chanfrein en V et une section en arc de cercle reliant ladite section droite du profil à une section rectiligne inclinée par rapport à la section droite de ce profil, au bord extérieur de la pièce tubulaire.1. A method of machining the ends of a metal duct intended to form, when it is placed end to end with identical ducts, a pipeline type duct, to form at the joint plane with another identical duct a V-shaped chamfer, characterized in that the ends of the conduit are cut out so that the profile of each end has at least a first straight section, at the inner edge, intended to constitute a part of the heel of the V-shaped chamfer and a section of arc of circle connecting said straight section of the profile to a rectilinear section inclined relative to the cross section of this profile, to the outer edge of the tubular piece.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la section en arc de cercle est définie de sorte qu'elle est tangente à la section rectiligne inclinée.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the arcuate section is defined so that it is tangent to the inclined rectilinear section.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'inclinaison α de la section inclinée se trouve de préférence dans la plage de 15° à 45° par rapport à la section droite du profil d'extrémité.3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the inclination angle α of the inclined section is preferably in the range of 15 ° to 45 ° relative to the cross section of the profile of 'end.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, pour une épaisseur d'au plus 10 mm du conduit, la section droite du profil présente une épaisseur minimale de 2 mm.4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, for a thickness of at most 10 mm of the conduit, the cross section of the profile has a minimum thickness of 2 mm.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que pour une épaisseur supérieure à 10 mm du conduit, le profil présente en outre une seconde section inclinée d'un angle β par rapport à la section droite du profil d'extrémité du conduit, ledit angle β étant inférieur à l'angle α, reliée à la première section inclinée par une seconde section en arc de cercle. 5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for a thickness greater than 10 mm of the conduit, the profile further has a second section inclined at an angle β relative to the cross section of the profile of end of the duct, said angle β being less than the angle α, connected to the first inclined section by a second arcuate section.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la seconde section en arc de cercle est réalisée tangente aux deux sections inclinées.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the second arcuate section is made tangent to the two inclined sections.
7. Conduit métallique destiné à former, lorsqu'il est mis bout à bout avec des conduits identiques, une canalisation de type pipeline, pour former au niveau du plan de joint avec un autre conduit identique un chanfrein en V, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités du conduit sont usinées selon le procédé des revendications 1 à 6.7. A metal duct intended to form, when it is placed end to end with identical ducts, a pipeline-type duct, to form at the level of the joint plane with another identical duct a V-shaped chamfer, characterized in that the ends of the duct are machined according to the method of claims 1 to 6.
8. Procédé de soudage de pièces tubulaires telles que des conduits métalliques mis bout à bout pour former des canalisations métalliques du type pipeline, dans lequel on réalise la passe de pénétration par l'extérieur, caractérisé en ce qu'on crée un bain de fusion unique sous l'action simultanée d'au moins un faisceau laser transmis par fibre optique et d'au moins un arc électrique sous protection gazeuse généré à partir d'une électrode fusible constituant le matériau d'apport, les extrémités de conduits ayant été préalablement usinées selon le procédé des revendications 1 à 6.8. A method of welding tubular pieces such as metal ducts placed end to end to form pipeline-type metal ducts, in which the penetration pass is carried out from the outside, characterized in that it creates a melt single under the simultaneous action of at least one laser beam transmitted by optical fiber and at least one gas-shielded electric arc generated from a fuse electrode constituting the filler material, the ends of conduits having been previously machined according to the method of claims 1 to 6.
9. Procédé de soudage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise la passe de pénétration à une puissance laser inférieure ou égale à 6 kW et avec une torche MIG de puissance supérieure à 8 kW. 9. Welding process according to claim 8, characterized in that the penetration pass is made to a laser power less than or equal to 6 kW and with a MIG torch power greater than 8 kW.
EP06764726A 2005-06-02 2006-06-02 Method for machining metal conduits to form a v-shaped profiled section on pipeline metal pipes; metal conduit; welding method combining in a common laser fusion bath and electric arc for assembling said conduits Withdrawn EP1907162A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0505604A FR2886563B1 (en) 2005-06-02 2005-06-02 PROCESS FOR MACHINING METAL CONDUITS FOR FORMING PIPELINE TYPE PIPELINE
PCT/FR2006/001259 WO2006129025A1 (en) 2005-06-02 2006-06-02 Method for machining metal conduits to form a v-shaped profiled section on pipeline metal pipes; metal conduit; welding method combining in a common laser fusion bath and electric arc for assembling said conduits

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EP1907162A1 true EP1907162A1 (en) 2008-04-09

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CA2610488A1 (en) 2006-12-07
RU2007147684A (en) 2009-07-20
US20090133773A1 (en) 2009-05-28

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