EP1859454B1 - Collimator with an adjustable focal length - Google Patents
Collimator with an adjustable focal length Download PDFInfo
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- EP1859454B1 EP1859454B1 EP06723364A EP06723364A EP1859454B1 EP 1859454 B1 EP1859454 B1 EP 1859454B1 EP 06723364 A EP06723364 A EP 06723364A EP 06723364 A EP06723364 A EP 06723364A EP 1859454 B1 EP1859454 B1 EP 1859454B1
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- collimator
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a collimator for X-radiation, in particular in X-ray inspection systems.
- X-ray inspection methods are used in particular for the detection of critical substances and objects in pieces of baggage or other cargo.
- multistage systems whose first stage is based on the absorption of X-rays.
- a second stage is used, which is selectively fed to objects from the first stage.
- the second stage uses systems whose operating principle is based on diffraction phenomena.
- the diffraction angle in which an incident X-ray beam is deflected, depends on the atomic lattice spacing of the material to be examined and on the energy and thus the wavelength of the incident radiation.
- the sharply delimited X-ray beam used for the examination the so-called needle beam
- the so-called needle beam has an energy spectrum which is known, for example, from measurements. From the Bragg equation it follows that the incident radiation diffracted at any point at an angle that depends on the energy of the radiation. Radiation with an energy spectrum is therefore diffracted in an angular range, while the diffraction is rotationally symmetrical about the incident needle beam. In an X-ray inspection, it is desirable to detect only diffracted radiation at a certain angle. This is also achieved through the use of a collimator.
- the passband of the collimator essentially corresponds to the lateral surface of a cone whose tip coincides with the point whose diffraction properties are to be investigated. To examine an area within an object, a plurality of points must be focused.
- a collimator which has a plurality of parallel openings of the same opening angle and with which therefore several points can be focused simultaneously on the axis of rotation.
- the use of a non-segmented detector which is not spatially resolving and therefore provides a common output for all focused points has the disadvantage that the evaluation and the unambiguous assignment of the detected radiation to a diffraction point are difficult.
- a segmented detector which is divided, for example, in separately evaluable circular rings, this disadvantage does not occur, but such a detector is complicated and expensive.
- a collimator of the generic type which has an outer part with a conical inner surface and an inner part with a conical outer surface. Outer and inner parts are firmly spaced together.
- a collimator for X-radiation which has a conically diverging round slot, from which a predetermined angle is reproduced.
- the round slot is aligned with an X-ray sensitive, collimator-facing surface of a detector.
- collimators with tapered circular slots which are bounded by a conical outer surface and a conical inner surface, are from the US 4,825,454 A and from the EP 0 811 911 A1 known.
- a collimator according to the invention consists of an outer part, since it can simultaneously assume the function of a housing, with a conical inner surface and an inner part with a conical outer surface. These two parts are firmly connected at some distance, leaving a gap between them results.
- this gap is at least one movably arranged hollow cone, which is also referred to as a cone sliding part.
- the diffraction spectrum detected at a certain angle can be compared with the spectrum of the needle beam. It follows from the Bragg equation that a diffraction spectrum recorded at a different angle is shifted from the first one. Therefore, the identification is simplified if each measurement is performed at the same opening angle. A constant detection angle of the collimator is achieved in that all conical surfaces have the same opening angle.
- Different detection angles depending on the set focal length can be achieved by different opening angles of the conical surfaces. It is advantageous if always two adjacent conical surfaces have the same opening angle. Due to this pairwise adaptation, the conical surfaces lie over a large area, which leads to a high radiation absorption of the collimator.
- the adjustment of the focal length is achieved in that the at least one cone sliding part along the axis of rotation is movable. As a result, the focus of the collimator can be adjusted by a simple translational movement of the cone sliding part in one direction.
- the adaptation of the focal length of the collimator and thus of the focused point in the examination subject thus occurs in that the at least one cone sliding part is displaced along the axis of rotation until the desired focal length is reached, wherein when using multiple sliding cones this independently can be moved from each other.
- the cone sliding part or the cone sliding parts should always be positioned so that the collimator has only one opening gap. If all the conical surfaces are arranged concentrically around a common axis of rotation and adjacent surfaces each have the same opening angle, the surfaces conform to each other over their entire height. Except in the range of the set gap, the entire collimator appears as a compact unit and allows maximum shielding of the unwanted X-ray radiation.
- the fact that the individual cone sliding parts can be moved independently, so a single gap can be generated at different positions. This allows as many possible focal lengths. For a number of n cone sliding parts, there are n + 1 possible gaps.
- the collimator can be held in a fixed position and focus by focusing on the cone sliding part or the cone sliding parts several points in an object to be examined.
- the travel can be reduced by switching the focal length after the travel of a distance through the collimator, and by moving the collimator along the same path to another examined area.
- the maximum required travel of the collimator according to the invention compared to a non-adjustable collimator can be reduced by a factor that corresponds to the number of adjustable focal lengths, in a collimator with two focal lengths so by half.
- the collimator according to the invention consists essentially of the outer part 1 and the inner part 2. These are arranged concentrically about a rotation axis 4.
- the collimator has a cone sliding part, in FIG. 2 there are two cone sliding parts.
- Such collimators are used in particular in X-ray inspection systems, especially in higher stages of multi-stage testing systems.
- FIG. 1a is cone sliding part 3 in an end position in which it rests against the inner part 2. This results in a passage gap for the radiation between cone sliding part 3 and outer part 1.
- the collimator filters out all radiation that is not diffracted at a point with distance d 1 from the collimator at the angle ⁇ .
- FIG. 1b is the cone sliding part 3 on the outer part 1 at. This results in a passage gap between cone sliding part 3 and inner part 2.
- the opening angle ⁇ of the collimator remains unchanged, but in this position, a point at the distance d 2 is focused by the collimator. It will be readily apparent that by switching the position of the cone sliding part 3, the area focused in moving the collimator is varied. This means that with a fixed area to be examined, the travel of the collimator is reduced. In extreme cases, this saving is half the extent of the area to be examined.
- the collimator again consists of an outer part 1 and an inner part 2, but has two independently movable cone sliding parts 5 and 6.
- the cone sliding part 5 is applied to the outer part 1 and the cone sliding part 6 on the inner part 2.
- a focusing result again under the opening angle ⁇ to a point at a distance d. 3
- the result already in the FIGS. 1a and 1b shown focal lengths d 1 and d 2 .
- the focal length of the collimator according to the invention is adapted by displacing the at least one cone sliding part 3 along the axis of rotation 4 until the desired focal length is reached, wherein when using a plurality of cone sliding parts 5, 6 they can be moved independently of each other
- the collimator with adjustable focal length according to the invention is part of an X-ray inspection system, which also has an X-ray source, an X-ray detector and an evaluation device for evaluating the detected radiation.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kollimator für Röntgenstrahlung, insbesondere in Röntgenprüfanlagen.The present invention relates to a collimator for X-radiation, in particular in X-ray inspection systems.
Prüfverfahren mit Hilfe von Röntgenstrahlung werden insbesondere bei der Detektion kritischer Stoffe und Gegenstände in Gepäckstücken oder sonstigem Frachtgut eingesetzt. Zu diesem Zweck sind mehrstufige Systeme bekannt, deren erste Stufe auf der Absorption von Röntgenstrahlung beruht. Zur Detektion bestimmter kritischer Stoffe wie beispielsweise Sprengstoffen wird eine zweite Stufe eingesetzt, der selektiv Objekte aus der ersten Stufe zugeführt werden. Als zweite Stufe werden Systeme verwendet, deren Wirkprinzip auf Beugungserscheinungen beruht. Dabei ist der Beugungswinkel, in dem ein einfallender Röntgenstrahl abgelenkt wird, abhängig vom Atomgitterabstand des zu untersuchenden Materials sowie der Energie und damit der Wellenlänge der einfallenden Strahlung. Durch Analyse der Beugungserscheinung mittels Röntgendetektoren kann auf den Gitterabstand und somit auf das Material geschlossen werden. Ein derartiges zweistufiges System wird beispielsweise in der deutschen Patentanmeldung
Da Röntgenprüfanlagen mit äußerst geringen Strahlungsintensitäten arbeiten, werden sehr empfindliche Detektoren eingesetzt. Zur Vermeidung von Messungenauigkeiten muss daher erreicht werden, dass nur durch das Prüfgerät erzeugte Strahlung auf den Detektor trifft. Außerdem muss dafür gesorgt werden, dass nur in einem einzelnen Punkt gebeugte Strahlung detektiert wird, da sonst eine Lokalisierung innerhalb des zu untersuchenden Objekts nicht möglich ist. Es ist also eine räumliche Filterung erforderlich, die durch einen sogenannten Kollimator erfolgt.As X-ray inspection systems operate with extremely low radiation intensities, very sensitive detectors are used. To avoid measurement inaccuracies must therefore be achieved that only generated by the tester radiation hits the detector. In addition, it must be ensured that only diffracted in a single point radiation is detected, otherwise a localization within the object to be examined is not possible. So it is a spatial filtering required, which is done by a so-called collimator.
Da es technisch sehr aufwändig ist, monochromatische Röntgenstrahlung zu erzeugen, weist der zur Untersuchung eingesetzte, scharf begrenzte Röntgenstrahl, der sogenannte Nadelstrahl, ein Energiespektrum auf, dass beispielsweise aus Messungen bekannt ist. Aus der Bragg'schen Gleichung ergibt sich, das die einfallende Strahlung in jedem Punkt in einem Winkel gebeugt wird, der von der Energie der Strahlung abhängt. Strahlung mit einem Energiespektrum wird daher in einem Winkelbereich gebeugt, dabei ist die Beugung rotationssymetrisch um den einfallenden Nadelstrahl. Bei einer Röntgenprüfung ist es wünschenswert, nur unter einem bestimmten Winkel gebeugte Strahlung zu detektieren. Auch dies wird durch den Einsatz eines Kollimators erreicht. Der Durchlassbereich des Kollimators entspricht im Wesentlichen der Mantelfläche eines Kegels, dessen Spitze mit dem Punkt übereinstimmt, dessen Beugungseigenschaften untersucht werden sollen. Zur Untersuchung eines Bereiches innerhalb eines Objekts muss eine Vielzahl von Punkten fokussiert werden.Since it is technically very complex to produce monochromatic X-ray radiation, the sharply delimited X-ray beam used for the examination, the so-called needle beam, has an energy spectrum which is known, for example, from measurements. From the Bragg equation it follows that the incident radiation diffracted at any point at an angle that depends on the energy of the radiation. Radiation with an energy spectrum is therefore diffracted in an angular range, while the diffraction is rotationally symmetrical about the incident needle beam. In an X-ray inspection, it is desirable to detect only diffracted radiation at a certain angle. This is also achieved through the use of a collimator. The passband of the collimator essentially corresponds to the lateral surface of a cone whose tip coincides with the point whose diffraction properties are to be investigated. To examine an area within an object, a plurality of points must be focused.
Zu diesem Zweck ist die Verwendung eines Kollimators bekannt, der mehrere parallele Öffnungen des gleichen Öffnungswinkels aufweist und mit dem daher gleichzeitig mehrere Punkte auf der Rotationsachse fokussiert werden können. Die Verwendung eines nicht segmentierten Detektors, der nicht ortsauflösend ist und daher ein gemeinsames Ausgangssignal für alle fokussierten Punkte liefert, ergibt jedoch den Nachteil, dass die Auswertung und die eindeutige Zuordnung der detektierten Strahlung zu einem Beugungspunkt schwierig sind. Bei Verwendung eines segmentierten Detektors, der beispielsweise in separat auswertbare Kreisringe unterteilt ist, tritt dieser Nachteil zwar nicht auf, doch ist ein solcher Detektor aufwändig und teuer.For this purpose, the use of a collimator is known which has a plurality of parallel openings of the same opening angle and with which therefore several points can be focused simultaneously on the axis of rotation. The use of a non-segmented detector which is not spatially resolving and therefore provides a common output for all focused points, however, has the disadvantage that the evaluation and the unambiguous assignment of the detected radiation to a diffraction point are difficult. When using a segmented detector, which is divided, for example, in separately evaluable circular rings, this disadvantage does not occur, but such a detector is complicated and expensive.
Aus der Deutschen Patentanmeldung
Aus der
Aus der
Weitere Kollimatoren mit konisch zulaufenden Rundschlitzen, die von einer konischen Außenfläche und einer konischen Innenfläche begrenzt werden, sind aus der
Ausgehend von dem aus der
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Kollimator mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs1.This object is achieved by a collimator having the features of patent claim 1.
Mit einem derart verbesserten Kollimator ergeben sich bei einem Röntgenprüfgerät geringere Verfahrwege und damit eine verringerte Bauhöhe.With such an improved collimator result in an X-ray tester less travel and thus a reduced height.
Grundsätzlich besteht ein erfindungsgemäßer Kollimator aus einem Außenteil, da es gleichzeitig die Funktion eines Gehäuses übernehmen kann, mit einer konischen Innenfläche und einem Innenteil mit konischer Außenfläche. Diese beiden Teile sind in gewissem Abstand fest miteinander verbunden, so dass sich zwischen ihnen ein Spalt ergibt. In diesem Spalt befindet sich mindestens ein beweglich angeordneter Hohlkonus, der auch als Konus-Schiebeteil bezeichnet wird. Durch Verschieben des beweglichen Konus beziehungsweise der beweglichen Konusse kann die Brennweite des Kollimators variiert werden.In principle, a collimator according to the invention consists of an outer part, since it can simultaneously assume the function of a housing, with a conical inner surface and an inner part with a conical outer surface. These two parts are firmly connected at some distance, leaving a gap between them results. In this gap is at least one movably arranged hollow cone, which is also referred to as a cone sliding part. By moving the movable cone or the movable cones, the focal length of the collimator can be varied.
Wie weiter oben bereits ausgeführt gelangt in Röntgenprüfanlagen idealer Weise nur unter einem Winkel in einem Punkt gebeugte Strahlung auf den Röntgendetektor. Es ist also eine räumliche Filterung notwendig. Dabei ist die optimale räumliche Filtercharakteristik derart, dass sich ein kegelmantelförmiger Durchlassbereich ergibt. Dies wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kollimator dadurch erreicht, dass sämtliche konischen Flächen konzentrisch um eine gemeinsame Rotationsachse angeordnet sind, wobei die Rotationsachse der Einfallsrichtung des Nadelstrahls entspricht.As already stated above, in X-ray inspection systems, radiation which is diffracted at a single point in one point ideally reaches the X-ray detector only at an angle. So it is a spatial filtering necessary. The optimum spatial filter characteristic is such that a cone-shaped passband results. This is achieved with the collimator according to the invention in that all conical surfaces are arranged concentrically around a common axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation corresponds to the direction of incidence of the needle beam.
Zur Identifikation eines Stoffes in einem zu untersuchenden Objekt kann das unter einem bestimmten Winkel detektierte Beugungsspektrum mit dem Spektrum des Nadelstrahls verglichen werden. Aus der Bragg'schen Gleichung folgt, dass ein unter einem anderen Winkel aufgenommenes Beugungsspektrum gegenüber dem ersten verschoben ist. Daher wird die Identifizierung vereinfacht, wenn jede Messung unter dem gleichen Öffnungswinkel durchgeführt wird. Ein gleichbleibender Detektionswinkel des Kollimators wird dadurch erreicht, dass sämtliche konischen Flächen denselben Öffnungswinkel aufweisen.To identify a substance in an object to be examined, the diffraction spectrum detected at a certain angle can be compared with the spectrum of the needle beam. It follows from the Bragg equation that a diffraction spectrum recorded at a different angle is shifted from the first one. Therefore, the identification is simplified if each measurement is performed at the same opening angle. A constant detection angle of the collimator is achieved in that all conical surfaces have the same opening angle.
Unterschiedliche Detektionswinkel je nach eingestellter Brennweite lassen sich durch unterschiedliche Öffnungswinkel der konischen Flächen erreichen. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn immer zwei benachbarte konische Flächen denselben Öffnungswinkel aufweisen. Durch diese paarweise Anpassung liegen die konischen Flächen großflächig aufeinander, was zu einer hohen Strahlungsabsorption des Kollimators führt.Different detection angles depending on the set focal length can be achieved by different opening angles of the conical surfaces. It is advantageous if always two adjacent conical surfaces have the same opening angle. Due to this pairwise adaptation, the conical surfaces lie over a large area, which leads to a high radiation absorption of the collimator.
Die Einstellung der Brennweite wird dadurch erreicht, dass das mindestens eine Konus-Schiebeteil entlang der Rotationsachse verfahrbar ist. Dadurch kann der Fokus des Kollimators durch eine einfache translatorische Bewegung des Konus-Schiebeteils in eine Richtung angepasst werden.The adjustment of the focal length is achieved in that the at least one cone sliding part along the axis of rotation is movable. As a result, the focus of the collimator can be adjusted by a simple translational movement of the cone sliding part in one direction.
Die Anpassung der Brennweite des Kollimators und damit des fokussierten Punktes im Untersuchungsobjekt geschieht also dadurch, dass das mindestens eine Konus-Schiebeteil entlang der Rotationsachse verschoben wird, bis die gewünschte Brennweite erreicht ist, wobei bei Verwendung mehrerer Schiebekonusse diese unabhängig voneinander bewegt werden können. Um eine optimale räumliche Filterwirkung zu erreichen, sollte das Konus-Schiebeteil bzw. die Konus-Schiebeteile stets so positioniert werden, dass der Kollimator nur einen Öffnungsspalt aufweist. Wenn sämtliche konischen Flächen konzentrisch um eine gemeinsame Rotationsachse angeordnet sind und jeweils benachbarte Flächen denselben Öffnungswinkel aufweisen, so schmiegen sich die Flächen über ihre gesamte Höhe aneinander an. Außer im Bereich des eingestellten Spalts erscheint der gesamte Kollimator so als kompakte Einheit und ermöglicht eine maximale Abschirmung der unerwünschten Röntgenstrahlung. Dadurch, dass die einzelnen Konus-Schiebeteile unabhängig voneinander bewegt werden können, kann so ein einzelner Spalt an verschieden Positionen erzeugt werden. Dies ermöglicht ebenso viele mögliche Brennweiten. Bei einer Anzahl von n Konus-Schiebeteilen ergeben sich n +1 mögliche Spalte.The adaptation of the focal length of the collimator and thus of the focused point in the examination subject thus occurs in that the at least one cone sliding part is displaced along the axis of rotation until the desired focal length is reached, wherein when using multiple sliding cones this independently can be moved from each other. In order to achieve an optimal spatial filter effect, the cone sliding part or the cone sliding parts should always be positioned so that the collimator has only one opening gap. If all the conical surfaces are arranged concentrically around a common axis of rotation and adjacent surfaces each have the same opening angle, the surfaces conform to each other over their entire height. Except in the range of the set gap, the entire collimator appears as a compact unit and allows maximum shielding of the unwanted X-ray radiation. The fact that the individual cone sliding parts can be moved independently, so a single gap can be generated at different positions. This allows as many possible focal lengths. For a number of n cone sliding parts, there are n + 1 possible gaps.
Für einen Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich mehrere vorteilhafte Einsatzmöglichkeiten. In einem ersten Fall kann der Kollimator an einer festen Position gehalten werden und durch Verfahren des Konus-Schiebeteils beziehungsweise der Konus-Schiebeteile mehrere Punkte in einem zu untersuchenden Objekt fokussieren. Andererseits ist es möglich, den Kollimator linear zu verfahren und so eine kontinuierliche Messung des zu untersuchenden Objekts vorzunehmen. In diesem Fall lässt sich der Verfahrweg dadurch reduzieren, dass nach Abfahren einer Strecke durch den Kollimator die Brennweite umgeschaltet wird und sich beim Verfahren des Kollimators entlang der gleichen Strecke ein anderer untersuchter Bereich ergibt. Im Idealfall kann der maximal benötigte Verfahrweg des erfindungsgemäßen Kollimators gegenüber einem nicht einstellbaren Kollimator um einen Faktor reduziert werden, der der Anzahl der einstellbaren Brennweiten entspricht, bei einem Kollimator mit zwei Brennweiten also um die Hälfte.For a collimator with adjustable focal length according to the present invention, there are several advantageous applications. In a first case, the collimator can be held in a fixed position and focus by focusing on the cone sliding part or the cone sliding parts several points in an object to be examined. On the other hand, it is possible to move the collimator linearly and thus to carry out a continuous measurement of the object to be examined. In this case, the travel can be reduced by switching the focal length after the travel of a distance through the collimator, and by moving the collimator along the same path to another examined area. Ideally, the maximum required travel of the collimator according to the invention compared to a non-adjustable collimator can be reduced by a factor that corresponds to the number of adjustable focal lengths, in a collimator with two focal lengths so by half.
Die vorliegende Erfindung soll anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele veranschaulicht werden. Dabei zeigt
- Figur 1a
- einen Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite mit einem Konus-Schiebeteil in einer Endstellung,
- Figur 1 b
- einen Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite mit einem Konus-Schiebeteil in der anderen Endstellung und
Figur 2- einen Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite mit zwei Konus-Schiebeteilen.
- FIG. 1a
- a collimator with adjustable focal length with a cone sliding part in an end position,
- Figure 1 b
- a collimator with adjustable focal length with a cone sliding part in the other end position and
- FIG. 2
- a collimator with adjustable focal length with two cone sliding parts.
In allen Figuren besteht der erfindungsgemäße Kollimator im Wesentlichen aus dem Außenteil 1 und dem Innenteil 2. Diese sind konzentrisch um eine Rotationsachse 4 angeordnet. In den
In
In
In
Die Brennweite des erfindungsgemäßen Kollimators wird dadurch angepasst, dass das mindestens eine Konus-Schiebeteil 3 entlang der Rotationsachse 4 verschoben wird, bis die gewünschte Brennweite erreicht ist, wobei bei Verwendung mehrerer Konus-Schiebteile 5, 6 diese unabhängig voneinander bewegt werden könnenThe focal length of the collimator according to the invention is adapted by displacing the at least one
In einer bevorzugten Verwendung ist der erfindungsgemäße Kollimator mit einstellbarer Brennweite Teil einer Röntgenprüfanlage, die außerdem eine Röntgenquelle, einen Röntgendetektor sowie eine Auswertungsvorrichtung zur Auswertung der detektierten Strahlung aufweist.In a preferred use, the collimator with adjustable focal length according to the invention is part of an X-ray inspection system, which also has an X-ray source, an X-ray detector and an evaluation device for evaluating the detected radiation.
Die beiden vorgenannten Ausführungsbeispiele sind rein exemplarisch und insofern nicht beschränkend. Insbesondere kann die Anzahl und Größe der Konus-Schiebeteile variieren, ohne den Erfindungsgedanken zu verlassen.The two aforementioned embodiments are purely exemplary and are not limiting. In particular, the number and size of the cone sliding parts may vary without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
- Collimator for x-radiation, in particular in x-ray test systems, characterized by an external part (1) with a conical inner surface, and an internal part (2) with a conical outer surface which are connected to one another at a permanent spacing, characterized by at least one conical sliding part (3) arranged moveably between the internal part (2) and external part (1).
- Collimator according to Claim 1, characterized in that all the conical surfaces are arranged concentrically about a common rotation axis (4).
- Collimator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that all the conical surfaces have the same aperture angle α.
- Collimator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two neighbouring conical surfaces always have the same aperture angle.
- Collimator according to one of Claims 1 or 4, characterized in that the at least one conical sliding part (3, 4, 5) can be moved in the direction of the rotation axis (4).
- Method for adjusting the focal length of a collimator according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one conical sliding part (3, 5, 6) is displaced along the rotation axis (4) until the desired focal length is reached, it being possible when use is made of a plurality of conical sliding parts (5, 6) for the latter to be moved independently of one another.
- X-ray test system, characterized by an x-ray source, a collimator of adjustable focal length according to one of Claims 1 to 5, an x-ray detector and an evaluation device for evaluating the detected radiation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005011467A DE102005011467B4 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2005-03-12 | Adjustable focal length collimator, directed method and X-ray inspection system |
PCT/EP2006/002252 WO2006097254A2 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2006-03-10 | Collimator with an adjustable focal length |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1859454A2 EP1859454A2 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
EP1859454B1 true EP1859454B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
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EP06723364A Active EP1859454B1 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2006-03-10 | Collimator with an adjustable focal length |
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US (1) | US7436934B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1859454B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE433188T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005011467B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006097254A2 (en) |
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DE102005016656A1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2006-08-10 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Collimator with adjustable focal length |
DE102008055921B4 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-11-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Modulatable beam collimator |
RU2617443C2 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2017-04-25 | Америкен Сайнс Энд Энджиниринг, Инк. | Collimator with variable angle |
US9417340B2 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2016-08-16 | Morpho Detection, Llc | Compact geometry CT system |
CN104754848B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-12-08 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | X-ray generator and the radioscopy imaging system with the device |
CN108450030B (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2021-02-26 | 美国科学及工程股份有限公司 | Backscatter characterization using inter-row adaptive electromagnetic x-ray scanning |
US11193898B1 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-07 | American Science And Engineering, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling image contrast in an X-ray system |
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AT285756B (en) * | 1969-02-20 | 1970-11-10 | Otto Dipl Ing Dr Techn Kratky | Diaphragm arrangement for limiting an X-ray beam |
US4086494A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-04-25 | Malak Stephen P | Radiation collimator for use with high energy radiation beams |
FI64722C (en) * | 1982-07-08 | 1983-12-12 | Instrumentarium Oy | ROENTGENSTRAOLKOLLIMATOR |
US4809312A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1989-02-28 | American Science And Engineering, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing tomographic images |
US4825454A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-04-25 | American Science And Engineering, Inc. | Tomographic imaging with concentric conical collimator |
DE3909147A1 (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-09-27 | Philips Patentverwaltung | ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE IMPULSE TRANSFER |
DE4137242A1 (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-05-19 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Spiral formed collimator for screening or X=ray radiation - having easy construction and giving improved spatial and angular resolution |
IL118496A0 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1996-09-12 | Ein Gal Moshe | Collimators |
DE19954661C2 (en) * | 1999-11-13 | 2001-12-06 | Heimann Systems Gmbh & Co | Device and method for adjusting a collimator |
US6542578B2 (en) * | 1999-11-13 | 2003-04-01 | Heimann Systems Gmbh | Apparatus for determining the crystalline and polycrystalline materials of an item |
DE19954662B4 (en) * | 1999-11-13 | 2004-06-03 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Apparatus and method for detecting unauthorized luggage items |
DE19954663B4 (en) * | 1999-11-13 | 2006-06-08 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Method and device for determining a material of a detected object |
DE10330521A1 (en) | 2003-07-05 | 2005-02-10 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Device and method for checking objects |
US7075073B1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2006-07-11 | Kla-Tencor Technologies Corporation | Angle resolved x-ray detection |
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2005
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2006
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DE502006003884D1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
DE102005011467B4 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
EP1859454A2 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
WO2006097254A2 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
WO2006097254A3 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
ATE433188T1 (en) | 2009-06-15 |
US7436934B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
DE102005011467A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
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