EP1836365A1

EP1836365A1 - Support base for the framework of masonry

Info

Publication number: EP1836365A1
Application number: EP05823961A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Oreste Giannoni; Gino Paolucci
Original assignee: Patents Production Srl
Current assignee: GIANNONI, ORESTE; PAOLUCCI, GINO
Priority date: 2005-01-10
Filing date: 2005-11-28
Publication date: 2007-09-26
Also published as: WO2006072970A1

Abstract

Base support, aimed at the rest on the ground, of some frames, boards, holding plates or similar, particularly for frameworks about reinforced concrete masonries or analogous, characterized in that it comprises a base platen from which start off restraining means from the lower support edge of said frames, boards, holding plates or similar, on at least one side of them, preferably on both sides.

Description

" SUPPORT BASE FOR THE FRAMEWORK OF MASONRY"

Description Technical Field

The present invention concerns the technical sector relative to the structural construction of the framework necessary for the preparation of reinforced concrete laying making ground works , beams for support, brick walls or other similar wall structures . Background Art The main characteristic of the present invention is to provide a modular system, easy and fast to assemble, thanks to the employ of suitable accessories that make this preparation activity simple, safe and accurate to be realized by any worker . This system aims at solving problems of linearity, parallelism, resistance and longitudinal accuracy, which nowadays can be solved essentially thanks to the experience and the ability of the constructor .

The good result of the groundwork beam, as well as of the construction of beams for support, brick walls, plinths or other structures obtained by concrete laying, is currently consequence of the accurateness of the worker in all the working phases that can be shortly described as follows : preparation of the excavation, arrangement of the iron cage, placing of the formwork (so-called framework) , casting of the cement, removal of the formwork; some construction methods proceed first with the formwork and later with the insertion of the iron cage, so making the process of correct framework more difficult . The operation to make the framework, i . e . the construction of the said formwork, is very important, because for a good result of the work, it ' s necessary to get a correct alignment of the frames for the groundwork beam and especially for the beams for support and the brick walls . This operation needs indeed expert workers , since the inevitable adjustments , nailing, clamping, the employ of spacers, beams and iron wire are completely supported by the ability of the single worker; in addition, all these necessary finish operations not only involve the risk of an imperfect execution but even require time, which obviously will affect the cost of the operation . Nowadays , in order to perfectly place the timber frames in vertical position to form the framework inside which cement is poured, workers must find the line against which they place the frames by pulling a wire or planning an alignment on the ground, usually made flat by laying the so-called bedding; after that, they temporarily place some guide boards and next to them they vertically place the framework boards , which are later nailed each other to form the same framework . In order to give greater stability to the boards , workers use iron vertical piles that , driven into the ground, rest against the outer part of the boards to give them greater stability and allow them to resist the pressure successively exerted by the cement pouring. Everybody knows that building a framework requires a lot of time and expertise, since it' s definitely not easy to place the vertical boards, keep them in line and fix them steady each other preventing any movement . Furthermore, even the operation of driving the vertical supporting piles into the ground is not simple, also because it ' s difficult to find the right grip on the boards . Besides , the constructors that use this known system, after the realization of the reinforced concrete masonry, need to remove the nails , the irons and all the other elements used to give stability to the framework, so as to recover the wooden boards , which cannot be lost considering their relevant cost ; all that involves further waste of time and unsatisfactory results, since, by removing the nails , often the boards can be at least partially damaged and in future they must be replaced . The construction of the framework is much more complex when this construction precedes the construction of the iron cage, since in this case the workers do not have the possible support or guide of the iron cage, but the problems related to the beam framework remain also when the iron cage is prepared before the placing of the formwork.

The iron cage, longitudinally centred compared to the length of the excavation, must indeed be placed at a prefixed distance from the timber framework, so that the pouring completely fills the iron cage and also the gap between the iron cage and the boards . If the boards are placed too close to the iron cage, the masonry could be not perfectly built and part of the irons can be even seen . The next phase consists of the pouring, then, when it has become firm enough, the frames used are recovered, which inevitably, as already stated, involves an increase of the labour costs, since these frames need to be cleaned immediately and accurately before the complete solidification of the cement in order to be used again; moreover, due to the continuous use of nails or other fastening tools , their life is not endless and this also affects the total cost of the operation. Disclosure of invention

The present invention aims at eliminating the above-mentioned and other drawbacks, supplying an accessory able to get an easy and fast placement of the framework boards in the desired position and at a prefixed distance from the iron cage, without any risk of unexpected shifting .

We reached this result providing the technical solution described in the independent claims . Other characteristics of this invention are the obj ect of dependent claims . The present found is a base support aimed at the leaning on the basis, of frames , boards , retaining plates or similar, particularly for pouring retaining frameworks or analogous , characterized in that it comprises a base platen from which start some extension restraining means located at the lower support edge of said frames, boards , retaining plate or similar, on at least one side of these, likely on both sides .

The extension restraining of the lower edge of the frame or board is constituted of at least one layer or support thickness on the side that is at the opposite of the retaining side . A first executive form of the invention provides for the extension restraining of the lower edge of the frame, two layers or support thickness whose distance corresponds to the usual thickness of said boards or said frames. The retaining of the lower edge of the frame or of the board is composed on its side of the retaining casting pouring of a layer that is continuous for the entire length of the base support while on the opposite side, at least one lateral support thickness with a shorter length than the total length of the base support is foreseen and such support thickness is laterally proj ecting out from the lateral edge of the base support in some measure.

A second executive form of the invention. is characterized in that the extension restraining of the lower edge of the first frames or first boards , in the j unction point between two adj acent first frames of boards located in file between them, is composed of a couple of support thickness that starts from the base platen and from a junction board overlaying the adj acent finishing lines of the frames in correspondence to the j unction and on which said finishing lines are leant , this couple of support thickness being spaced in such a manner to be able to contain essentially the exact thickness of the frames and the j unction board.

Another further executive form of the invention presents that the extension restraining of the lower edge of the first frames or the boards, in the j unction point , is composed of a support thickness and of a retaining post or extension restraining of the boards or frames . In this case, the base support presents a support thickness on the side of the frames directed towards the pouring and a notch for the extension restraining of the lower extremity or of the post foot, in such a manner to be able to contain the total thickness of the board or the frame and of the post .

Such base support can be manufactured in a way that includes , on at least one side, and preferably on the side of the boards or of the frames which is opposed to the pouring retaining side, some couple means for the insertion, clamping and/or the forced fit of vertical component or retaining post or extension restraining of the first boards or first frames ,

( i . e . lower boards or frames ) along their vertical length and of second boards or of second frames that are knife-edge bearing overlapped to said first boards or first frames .

The vertical components or posts can present a solid- cross section, or a tubular, closed or opened, circular or polygonal section, for example squared or spherical . An executive form of the base support provides that the means for the fit of the vertical post are constituted of a plane-parallel element that proj ects over the base support in which the retaining post is placed, by insertion, clamping or forcing . The plane-parallel element presents a square section according to a plane which is parallel to the base support . Said plane-parallel component has two open sides and specifically the upper side and the opposite side to the retaining support thickness .

According to an alternative form, the means for the fit are composed by at three support thickness, two of them are

parallel between them and perpendicular to the third Support thickness . Such support thickness are spaced between them in a way that allows the notch of the vertical retaining post .

Said support thickness present at least one, preferably two or more fixing holes , for the fixing of the vertical retaining components to the support thickness by nails, screws or analogous .

According to another alternative form, the for the fit are composed by a socketed element that proj ects over the base support in which is placed a complementary clutch terminal by insertion, clamping or forcing.

The upper area of the socketed component presents a ramp conical enlargement that extends with a end cylindrical part . The socketed component section according to a plane which parallel to the base support shows an angular extension which is lower than 360 ° and higher than 180 ° .

Conveniently said socketed component shows a part of the container walls which is opened and located in front of the retaining support thickness and in correspondence of such open part the container walls illustrate a retaining levelling. The socketed component also shows one or more axial extensions as a rib for the support of the vertical elements or posts . According to another characteristics of the invention, the socketed component shows an only axial as a rib on the diametrically opposite side regarding the open part of the container walls .

These axial extensions start from the extremity of the cylindrical part being connected with the conical part and they axially expand along at least , the conical part , having the edge turned towards the interior of the socketed component which is always scheduled to be perpendicular to the internal circumference of the cylindrical part along all the said axial extension .

The socketed item can have a beating surface for the stoke end of the clutch, while the vertical items or the posts have a clutch extremity and a radial enlargement of the beating of the stoke end. The socketed item has an internal protrusion, a plane-parallel shape, a base support while, in order to obtain an open part of the wall , the socketed item is located in a non-centred way in comparison to the plane-parallel shape protrusion, the diameter of the socketed item and the perimeter of the plane- parallel shape protrusion are planned in order to permit to the socketed element to cross one of the lateral walls of the plane-parallel, shape protrusion .

According to an another executive form, two paired base supports are expected, able to support and/or maintain the position of the due paired boards or frames with a predetermined distance, they are separated or connected each other .

In this case, an item for the connection of the two paired base supports is expected, such connecting component is made of one piece with the said base supports . In an alternative version schedules the connecting component and at least one of the two paired base supports are fixed one to the other in an immovable way, for example by reciprocal clamping means . According to an another characteristics , said connecting element can be extensible and/or of several lengths . The connecting element can for example be extended in a telescopic way and be stopped in an extension position predetermined by the two telescopic items that slide one in the other one .

The advantages resulting from the present invention essentially consist of the fact that it' s possible to place the boards that form the framework of a reinforced concrete masonry in a simple and fast way, either before or after the construction of the iron cage, as they can be kept steady in the desired position; that it' s possible also to remove the framework in a simple and fast way; that it' s not necessary to use nails or other hooks to fix the boards each other, as their stability is guaranteed by this invention; that during construction the framework cannot shift from the indicated point ; that any kind of post can be used in order to vertically support the framework . In fact, this invention forces the worker to prepare the framework in perfect constructing precision, as it binds the boards to the ground and gradually to external metal posts . This binding therefore does not permit any possible error of parallelism or linearity and further binds the structure giving more resistance to the cement pressure when the groundwork beam is laid.

This invention is constituted by a base support ( 1 ) made by pressure die casting, thus accurate and cheap to be realized in great quantities . The supports have three holes on the front ( 3 ) and one on the back (2 ) , which is bigger and open in exit to be fixed to the iron cage . The front holes secure the base support to the ground at the prefixed points and distance, so as to prevent the base ( 1 ) from shifting, getting a better and safer position of the board. On the contrary, the back hole ( 2 ) , open in exit, fixes the base to the bar of the iron cage ensuring further stability and grip to the base ( 1 ) . Almost at the centre of the base support ( 1 ) a perpendicular protrusion ( 4 ) is placed supporting the timber board that will be the wall for the reinforced concrete laying . At suitable distance from this protrusion (distance calculated according to the standard thickness of the timber frames ) , we find a through hole ( 6 ) , perpendicular to the base and parallel to the protrusion against which the board rests . This hole, reinforced by suitable ribs ( 5 ) given by the same pressure casting, has a diameter compatible for the insertion of appropriate construction iron bars ; the length of the bar will be proportional to the height of the groundwork beam we want to realize (H bar > H beam) . Said hole has also another central reinforcement ( 19) ensuring further stability and support to the iron placed into the hole .

Once the bar is into the hole, it will rest on the surface of the panel placed against the above-cited protrusion . This fist assembling, easy and quick, immediately gets a perfect and inevitable reciprocal positioning, regardless of the accurateness of the worker .

Considering that nowadays , for the realization of the external supports of frames, also other types of posts exist on the market, different from the construction iron bar intended to be used in this invention, we have conceived also the use of other posts .

In particular, this invention provides a hole ( 6) consisting of a cylinder with two external side walls ( 15 ) parallel each other and perpendicular to the protrusion ( 4 ) supporting the board . Other two proj ecting edges ( 16 ) are connected and perpendicular to said walls ( 15 ) , also j oint to the external body of the cylinder of the hole ( 6) and extending towards the outside of the base ( 1 ) substantially in line with the external wall of the cylinder containing also the reinforcement ( 19) for the support of the iron bar . Two back walls ( 18 ) are also connected and perpendicular to the side walls ( 15 ) , extending out of the cylinder towards the inside of the base, leaving only a small opening .

Thanks to this shape, it ' s possible to use this base also for posts different from the iron bar to be placed into the hole ( 6 ) . In particular, this base ( 1 ) is made so as to support a post , in place of the iron bar, having a rectangular section open outside ( 10 ) narrowing at the base with a sort of L-shaped hook ( 11 ) , currently used for the hold to the hoop . Said post can be used with the base ( 1 ) , because it enters the hole ( 6) , after the position of the board ( 3 ) , and fits with its hook ( 11 ) into the notch ( 12 ) under the hole ( 6 ) .

This base ( 1 ) can be perfectly used also for supporting another type of post , always in place of the iron bar, consisting of a sheet of metal having a rectangular section ( see the section 1OA of Fig . 5 ) , which fits into the hole out of the cylinder ( 6) and correctly rests on the side walls ( 15 ) , the edges ( 16 ) and the back surfaces ( 18 ) , while its back (20 ) results in close contact with the board ( 3 ) . This type of post, currently on the market, has holes on its surface at variable distance .

The basic characteristics of the present invention are the extreme easiness of use and the forced correct position of the boards, simple to be realized by anyone with no need of particular or expensive systems, which are disadvantageous in time and final result .

The distinctive feature of this invention is that it can be applied to all the systems existing at present for supporting externally timber frames, as the base ( 1 ) can be also suitable for the existing posts different from the construction bar .

The fig . 10 and 12 relate to two other variant forms of the invention that are used in the j unction zone ( 100 ) between two lined up boards (23 ) . In the first executive alternative form, the boards or the frames that vertically positioned in order to form the bridge house and they rest on the zone ( 107 ) of the base, they are connected ones to the others at the j unctions points ( 100 ) , thanks to another board ( 102 ) that is fixed to the frames ( 23) or to the boards by nails or similar . In this resolution, near to the median line of the base support ( 101 ) , a stratum support thickness ( 104 ) aimed at the support of the back parts of the boards ( 23 ) and a support thickness ( 108 ) is located at a distance equal to the thickness of the said boards ( 23 ) and of the j unction board ( 102 ) .

In the second solution, some posts having a plane-parallel shape with a square base are used to fix the back parts of the boards ( 23 ) in their j unction point ( 100. In this further form, near the middle of the base support (201 ) , there are a support thickness (204 ) for the support of the board ( 23 ) and a notch ( 208 ) for the restraining of the lower extremity or of the post foot such support thickness being at a distance equal to the thickness of said board ( 23 ) .

Such notch ( 208 ) is constituted by a plane-parallel item proj ects over the base support . The section of the plane- parallel item ( 208 ) according to a plane parallel to the base support is square. Said plane-parallel item ( 208 ) has two open sides and precisely the upper side and the side opposite the support thickness ( 204 ) . These two last forms are used in the j unction zones ( 100 ) between two lined up boards ( 23 ) , allow to support the boards also at the edges . When the boards ( 23 ) are short , it is possible to provide only junction supports . La Fig . 13 relates to another base support . On the side keeping hold of the cement pouring, there is a support thickness ( 304 ) or a rib that hold the board ( 23 ) or frame . On the opposite side there are three support thickness ( 305 , 305 ' , 305 ' ' ) as means for the fit of the vertical pieces ( 23 ) .

Said support thickness ( 305' , 305' ' ) are parallel each other and spaced in such a way that it is possible to contain the retaining post (22 ) , while said support thickness ( 305 ) is perpendicular to said support thickness ( 305 ' , 305 ' ' ) and spaced each other in a manner to enclose the said retaining post (22 )

Said support thickness ( 305, 305' , 305 ' ' ) have two fixing holes ( 306 ) , to fix the retaining posts (22 ) with said support thickness ( 305, 305 ' , 305 ' ' ) by nails , screws or similar .

The board ( 23 ) or the frame, as we can obviously in the Fig .

15, on the retaining side of the cement pouring, rests on the support thickness ( 304 ) , while, on the side opposite the pouring retaining side, rests on the vertical component ( 22 ) or post.

The vertical piece ( 22 ) or post is held by three support thickness ( 305, 305' , 305' ' ) and said vertical component is fixed to said three support thickness by nails , screws or similar .

In a further practical solution, this invention consists of a single body made of two base supports ( 1 , IA) and of a j unction element , preferably a flat surface ( 24 ) , which connects the two bases and is located centrally between the two boards ( 3, 3A) that will be placed on the same invention .

This connection realized by means of a flat surface ( 24 ) , or other j unction element, permits to get a perfect parallelism between the boards ( 3, 3A) and above all to have the certainty that their distance is kept constant with no need every time to control it .

The use of this invention allows to considerably reduce the labour times , as it will be sufficient to place it onto the ground and then insert into the two bases ( 1, IA) the boards that in this way result correctly positioned.

Reduced to its essential structure and with reference to the figures of the enclosed drawings , a base support for boards and posts used for the framework of beams, brick walls , pillars and other reinforced concrete masonries, according to the present invention, comprises a base made of a flat shaped surface where we can find: means to assemble, in a successive, linear and parallel way, the boards ( 3) having the function of walls of the laying, said means consisting of protrusions ( 4 ) , made by pressure die casting, perpendicular to the base surface, thick enough to be resistant, placed at suitable distance from the back surface ( 18 ) of the reinforced hole ( 6 ) for the simple insertion of the section of the same board; means to support a post , either an iron bar or other type, said means consisting of a through hole ( 6 ) , made of a cylinder coming out of the base, which has an external body made of two side surfaces ( 15 ) , two back surfaces ( 18 ) , two proj ecting edges ( 16) and a rib ( 5 ) , perpendicular to the side surfaces ( 15 ) , so as to form a sort of quadrilateral where the post is installed; means to support the board, at the side opposite the protrusion ( 4 ) , with another protrusion ( 8 ) , symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the base ( 1 ) , made by pressure casting too, perpendicular to the base surface and parallel to the length of the board, having an open notch ( 9 ) for the insertion of nails to fix the same boards to the base support .

Conveniently, the proj ection ( 8 ) is in front of and parallel to the protrusion (4 ) , is located at an end of the base and has - a reversed L-shape with a notch ( 9 ) like a hook in the inner bend. The bigger surface extends some millimetres out of the base, giving more stability to the proj ection ( 8 ) preventing it from easy braking . The subj ect base support principally permits to support the boards when they are placed vertically on it .

Therefore, the board, once inserted into the space ( 7 ) between said protrusion ( 4 ) and the back surfaces ( 18 ) of the hole ( 6 ) , rests on the base against the protrusion ( 4 ) . Said space ( 7 ) is about 3 cm long and is open at two ends . The board rests on one side against the protrusion ( 4 ) and on the other side at least against the proj ection ( 8 ) , which allows the same board to stay in vertical position after its insertion into the space (7 ) . In the case iron bars are inserted into the hole ( 6 ) for the vertical support of the board, the back surfaces ( 18 ) and the proj ection ( 8 ) constitute a further support of the board onto the base, such as in the case of an iron post having rectangular section ( 10 ) narrowing at the base to fit into the hole ( 6) . On the contrary, in the case of a post that keeps its rectangular section up to the base ( 10A) , the board still rests in front against the protrusion ( 4 ) , but on the back it rests against the back (20 ) of the same post as depicted in Fig . 5. The protrusion ( 4 ) can be either made of a continuous or discontinuous vertical surface and can be differently high according to the type of support we want to realize . In any case, even a proportional height as depicted in Fig . 1 is sufficient to realize the desired support . In a practical solution, the protrusion ( 4 ) is about 2.5 cm high . Conveniently, in order to assemble in a correct, linear and parallel way, the base ( 1 ) supporting the walls for the cement pouring, this invention defines exact references for the positioning onto the ground by means of three front holes ( 3 ) and an open back hole ( 2 ) .

Said front holes ( 3 ) firmly fix the base ( 1 ) to the ground in order to prevent it from shifting and so guarantee a perfect positioning of the boards . It ' s not always necessary to insert one or more nails into said holes, as the base can firmly keep its position even without this type of fixing .

In order to fix the base ( 1 ) to the ground, there is also an inner hole (2 ) with a front opening into which a vertical bar of the iron cage fits . Other elements that fix the base ( 1 ) to the iron cage are the vertical protrusions ( 13 ) forming a support and a fastener for a horizontal bar of the iron cage of the framework that is placed on the surface ( 14 ) in contact with the protrusions ( 13 ) forming a hook of the base ( 1 ) to the same iron cage, further ensuring the stability of the invention onto the ground.

Conveniently, the through hole ( 6) is made of a cylinder with an external body consisting of a front rib ( 5 ) ( front in the position of the invention depicted in Fig . 6, but back in the position depicted in Fig. 1 ) that has a central reinforcement

( 19 ) extending upwards for the support of the iron bar inserted vertically into the hole ( 6) .

Conveniently, said front rib ( 5 ) continues with two side edges ( 16) constituting beating and supporting elements of the base of some types of posts for supporting vertically the boards from the outside when building the framework.

The external body of the cylinder ( 6) consists also of two lateral surfaces ( 15 ) and two back surfaces ( 18 ) , perpendicular to them, returning inside the base, which at their turn constitute beating and supporting elements of some types of posts .

Conveniently, an opening is created between the surfaces ( 18 ) for the easy insertion of the hook ( 11 ) placed at the base of some types of posts, therefore in such a way as to permit the employ of these posts too .

To this end, conveniently, under the hole ( 6 ) there is a notch

( 12 ) into which said hook ( 11 ) fits , locking under the base

( 1 ) ensuring a steady hold. This invention is made by plastic pressure die casting, but can also be realized by metal pressure die casting .

Conveniently, this invention is made of a single body by plastic pressure casting . It can however be realized also by iron pressure casting . Conveniently, a base support for boards used for the framework of beams , brick walls, pillars and other cement masonries , according to the present invention, comprises two bases ( 1 ,

IA) or ( 101 , 101 A) or (201, 201 A) placed one in front of the other and connected each other by a flat surface or other connecting element (24 ) having a prefixed length . Also in this different practical solution, the invention is realized in a single body by plastic pressure die casting or even by iron pressure die casting .

The central surface ( 24 ) can be however applied to the two bases at the two ends and in this case they will be divided. In this practical solution, the bases have a specific space for the insertion of the connecting element (24 ) in order to get a perfect parallelism between the boards and define the distance between each board without any risk of error . In a practical solution, this invention is about 2.5 cm large, 3 cm high and variably long according to the portion we want to cover . In practice, the manufacturing details may, however, vary as regards shape, size, position of elements and type of materials used, but still remain within the range of the idea proposed as a solution and, consequently, within the limits of the protection granted by this patent for invention . Brief description of drawings

The following drawings are given as practical examples of the invention, but are not to be considered restrictive .

- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the base support ( 1 ) , with an open hole (2 ) and front holes ( 3 ) for fixing it to the ground. The protrusion ( 4 ) , opposite the reinforcing rib ( 5 ) of the hole ( 6) , delimits the space ( 7 ) for the insertion of the board. The protrusions ( 13 ) fix the base support to the iron cage, so that it rests on said protrusions inside the support ( 14 ) . The side proj ection ( 8 ) includes a notch ( 9) that can hold nails for fixing the board. The through hole ( 6) is made of a cylinder coming out of the base , which has an external body made of two parallel side surfaces ( 15 ) , in their turn connected with two edges ( 16) , perpendicular to them but proj ecting outwards, and two back surfaces ( 18 ) , parallel with the protrusion ( 4 ) . On the back and top of the inner part of the cylinder there is a reinforcement ( 19 ) for the support of the iron inserted into the hole ( 6 ) .

— Fig. 2 is a section view of the same piece, in order to show the notch ( 12 ) , made transversally on the lower part of the hole ( 6) , whose function is later described .

— Fig. 3 shows a front view of the base ( 1 ) that has in axis a post in sheet metal ( 10 ) with a hook ( 11 ) on the bottom that , as depicted in the following Fig. 4, fits into the open blind notch ( 12 ) made at the middle of the lower surface of the base support ( 1 ) after it has entered with its lower portion into the hole ( 6 ) of the same base . - Fig. 5, on the contrary, shows a top view of the base ( 1 ) comprising a different type of post , also made of sheet metal ( 10A) , which is placed on the base without entering the hole ( 6) but resting its back surface ( 20 ) on the board ( 3 ) and its sides both on the side surfaces ( 15 ) of the hole ( 6) and inside the protrusions ( 16 ) .

— Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a sector of the framework inside which the iron cage will be placed. At suitable distance, the base supports ( 1 ) are fixed in opposite to the symmetrical side; the construction iron bars ( 22 ) are inserted into the respective holes of the base supports, while the boards ( 23) are inserted inside the base supports suitably positioned thanks to the protrusions ( 4 ) of the bases ( 1 ) . For the longitudinal lock of the board, the worker can easily use the proj ections ( 8 ) ideally located in external position .

- Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of the double base made of two base supports ( 1 , IA) connected each other by means of a surface ( 24 ) of prefixed length, having a space ( 7 , 7A) for the vertical insertion of the board of the framework .

- Fig. 8 shows a side view of the invention with the boards ( 3, 3A) inserted into the space on the bases ( 1 , IA) and divided by the space delimited by the surface ( 24 ) .

- Fig. 9 shows a top view of the invention .

- Fig.10 shows a second practical form of the double base composed of two base supports ( 101 , 101 A) fixed together by a surface ( 24 ) having a dimension prefixed that j oin them and a notch ( 107 , 107 A) for the vertical insertion of the board ( 23 ) of the formwork and of the j unction board ( 102 ) ;

- Fig 11 shows the j unction ( 100 ) between two boards lined up with the relative junction board (102 ) ;

- Fig.12 shows a third practical form of the double base composed of two base supports ( 201 , 201 A) fixed together by a surface ( 24 ) having a dimension prefixed that j oin them and a notch ( 207 , 207 A ) for the vertical insertion of the board (23) of the formwork and of a notch ( 208 , 208 A) for the vertical introduction of the retaining post .

- Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of an alternative form of the base support ( 1 ) . - Fig. 14 shows a perspective view of a sector of the formwork in which the iron cage will be located. At a suitable distance, the base supports ( 301 ) are fixed in mirror way in comparison to the symmetric side ; the vertical retaining components (22 ) held by the support thickness ( 305 , 305 ' , 305' ' ) mount , from these base supports while inside of these elements the boards ( 23 ) are inserted and located in a suitable position thanks to support thickness ( 304 ) of the bases ( 301 ) .

- Fig. 15 shows a perspective view of a sector of the formwork in which the iron cage will be located.

Claims

1) Base support aimed at resting on the ground, for frames

( 23) , boards, retaining plates or similar, particularly for frameworks of reinforced concrete masonries or analogous , characterized in that it comprises a base platen from which start some holding means on the lower support edge of said frames ( 23) , boards , retaining plates or similar, on at least one side of them, preferably on both sides .

2) Base support, according to the claim 1 , characterized in that the holding of the lower edge of the frame ( 23) or board comprises at least one rib or a support thickness on the side which is at the opposite of the cement pouring containment side .

3) Base support, according to the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the holding of the lower edge of the frame ( 23 ) or board comprises at least two ribs or two support thickness (4, 8).

4) Base support , according to the claim 3, characterized in that the two ribs or support thickness ( 4 , 8 ) are spaced each other about a distance which is equal to the usual thickness of said boards (23 ) or of said frames .

5) Base support , according to the claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises on al least one side, and preferably on ^'the side of the boards ( 23 ) or of the frames which are at the opposite of the of the cement pouring containment side, coupling means for the clutch, camping and/or coupling by forcing of the vertical items ( 22 ) or holding posts or restraining posts of the first boards ( 23 ) or first frames (i . e . lower boards or frames ) , along their vertical length and of second boards or frames that are knife-edge bearing overlapped to said first boards or first frames .

6) Base support, according to the claim 5, characterized in that the vertical components (22 ) or posts have a solid- cross section, or a tubular, closed or opened, circular or polygonal section .

7) Base support, according to the claim 6, characterized in that the vertical components (22) or posts are made of square pieces .

8) Base support, according to the claim 6, characterized in that the vertical components ( 22 ) or posts are made of circular pieces .

9) Base support , according to the claims 1 , 2, and 3, characterized in that the restraining of the lower edge of the first frames (23) or of the first boards in the .junction point ( 100 ) between two adj acent first frames or first boards each other in line, is composed of a pair of support thickness ( 104 , 108 ) that start from the base platen and from a junction ( 102 ) overlapped to the adj acent end parts of the ( 23) in correspondence to the j unction ( 100 ) and on which said end parts overlap, the pair of support thickness ( 104 , 108 ) is spaced of a distance equals to the thickness of the frames (23 ) and of the j unction board ( 102 ) .

10) Base support, according to one or more of the last claims 1 to 8 , characterized in that the restraining of the lower edge of the first frames (23 ) or of the first boards in the junction point ( 100) is made of a support thickness ( 204 ) and of a holding post or restraining of the boards (23 ) or frames .

11) Base support, according to one or more of the following claims 1 or 2 or 10, from 5 to 8 , characterized in that it has a support thickness on the side of the frames turned to the cement pouring and a notch for the restraining of the lower end or of the post foot, in a such manner to include the total thickness of the board or of the frame and of the post .

12) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 1 to 8 or 9 or 10 and 11 , characterized in that the restraining of the lower edge of the frame ( 23 ) or of the board is composed on the retaining pouring of a continuous support thickness ( 4 ) along the total length of the base support while on the opposite side, at least one lateral support thickness ( 8 ) is provided with a length which is shorter than the total length of the base support and which laterally proj ects in some measure, from the side edge of the base support .

13) Base support, according to one or more of the last claims 5 or 10 or 11 , characterized in that the fitting means of the vertical post are composed of a plane-parallel element

(208 ) in which the retaining post is located by insertion, clamping or forcing.

14) Base support, according to the claims 13, characterized in that the plane-parallel element (208 ) proj ects over the base support . 15) Base support, according to the claims 13, characterized in that the section of the plane-parallel element ( 208 ) according to a parallel plane to the base support is square . 16) Base support , according to the claim 13, characterized in that the plane-parallel element ( 208 ) has two open sides and precisely the upper side and the side, at the opposite of the restraining support thickness (204 ) .

17) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 5 to 8 or from 10 to 16, characterized in that the coupling means are composed of a socketed item ( 5 ) in which a complementary clutch end is located by insertion, clamping or forcing .

18) Base support , according to the claim 17 , characterized in that the socketed item ( 5 ) proj ects over the base support .

19) Base support , according to the claims 17 or 18 , characterized in that the section of the socketed item (5) according to a plane parallel to the base support has an angular extension which is minor of 360 ° and higher than 180° .

20) Base support, according to the claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the socketed item (5 ) has an open part of the container walls located in the front of the support thickness ( 4 ) . 21) Base support, according to on or more of the claims 17 to 20 , characterized in that the container walls of the socketed item ( 5 ) has a containment levelling ( 18 ) in correspondence of the open part . 22) Base support, according to the claims 17 to 21 characterized in that the socketed item ( 5 ) has one or more axial extensions as a rib for the support of the vertical (22 ) or posts . 23) Base support , according to the claim 22, characterized in that the socketed item (5 ) has a sole axial extension ( 19) as a rib on the side diametrically at the opposite of the open part of the container walls .

24) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 17 to 22 , characterized in that the upper area of the socketed item ( 5 ) has a ramp conical enlargement . 25) Base support, according to the claim 24 , characterized in that the ramp conical enlargement extends with a cylindrical end part . 26) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 22 to 25 , characterized in that one or more of the axial extensions start from the extremity of the cylindrical part being connected with the conical part and they axially expand along at least, the conical part and/or beyond, having the edge turned towards the interior of the socketed component which is always scheduled to be perpendicular to the internal circumference of the cylindrical part along, all the said axial extension .

27) Base support, according to one or more of the last claims i7 to 26, characterized in that the socketed item ( 5 ) has a beating surface for the stoke end of the clutch, while the vertical items (22 ) or the posts have a clutch extremity and a radial enlargement of the beating of the stoke end. 28) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 17 to 27 , characterized in that the socketed item ( 5 ) has an internal protrusion, a plane-parallel shape , a base support while , in order to obtain an open part of the wall , the socketed item is located in ^' a non-centred way in comparison to the plane-parallel shape protrusion, the diameter of the socketed item and the perimeter of the plane-parallel shape protrusion are planned in order to permit to the socketed element to cross one of the lateral walls of the plane-parallel shape protrusion .

29) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that it comprises two paired base supports, two are expected, able to support and/or maintain the position of the due paired boards ( 23 , 23 A) or frames with a predetermined distance, they are separated or connected each other .

30) Base support , according to the claim 29, characteri zed in •that an item ( 24 ) for the connection of the two paired base supports is expected, such connecting component ( 24 ) is composed of one piece with the said base supports .

31) Base support , according to the claim 29, characteri zed in that the connecting item ( 24 ) and at least one of the two paired base supports are fixed each other in an immovable way, for example by reciprocal clamping means . 32) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 29 to 31 , characterized in that the connecting item ( 24 ) can be extensible . 33) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims 29 to 32 , characterized in that it is predicted to have some combinations of the base items and of the connecting item ( 24 ) of several lengths . 34) Base support, according to one or more of the last claims 29 to 33 , characterized in that the connecting item (24 ) can be extensible in a telescopic way and be stopped in an extension position predetermined by the two telescopic items that slide one in the other one . 35) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the support thickness are composed of protrusions.

36) Base support , according to one or more of the last claims , for the boards and the posts used for the framework of beams , , brick walls , pillars and other reinforced concrete wall structures , characterized in that it consists of a base composed of a flat shaped sealing surface on which there are :

- means to assemble, in a successive, linear and parallel way, the boards ( 3 ) having the function of walls of the laying, said means consisting of protrusions ( 4 ) , made by pressure casting, perpendicular to the base surface, thick enough to be resistant , placed at suitable distance from the front surface of the reinforced hole for the simple insertion of the section of the same board;

- means to support the board, at the opposite side of the protrusion ( 4 ) , with another smaller proj ection ( 8 ) , symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the base ( 1 ) , perpendicular to the base surface and parallel to the length of the board, having an open notch ( 9 ) for the insertion of nails to fix the same boards to the base support ; means to support a post , either an iron bar or other type, said means consisting of a through hole ^' ( 6) , made of a cylinder coming out of the base, which has an external body made of two side surfaces ( 15) , two back surfaces ( 18 ) , and a front surface (5) with two proj ecting edges ( 16) , perpendicular to the side surfaces ( 15 ) , so as to form a sort of quadrilateral where the post is installed.

37) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the proj ection ( 8 ) has a reversed L- shape with a notch ( 9 ) like a hook in the inner bend . The bigger surface extends some millimetres out of the base . 38) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the space ( 7 ) between the protrusion ( 4 ) and the proj ection ( 8 ) is about 3 cm long and is open at the two ends .

39) Base support according to one of the two last claims, .characterized in that the protrusion ( 4 ) can be either made of a continuous or discontinuous vertical surface and can be differently high according to the type of support we want to realize .

40) Base support according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that it defines exact references for the positioning onto the ground by means of three front holes ( 3 ) that secure the base support ( 1 ) to the ground and prevent it from shifting, getting a better and safer position of the boards .

41) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that it includes an inner hole (2 ) with a front opening into which a vertical bar of the iron cage fits .

42) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that it includes two vertical protrusions ( 13 ) forming a support and a fastener for a horizontal bar of the iron cage of the framework that is placed on the surface ( 14 ) in contact with the protrusions ( 13 ) , said protrusions forming a hook of the base ( 1 ) to the same iron cage, further ensuring the stability of the invention onto the ground. 43) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the through hole ( 6) is made of a cylinder with an external body consisting of a front portion ( 5 ) that has a central reinforcement ( 19 ) extending upwards for the support of the iron bar inserted vertically into the hole ( 6) .

44) Base support according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that said front portion ( 5 ) continues with two side edges ( 16) constituting beating and supporting elements of the base of some types of posts . 45) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the external body of the cylinder ( 6) consists also of two side surfaces ( 15 ) and two back surfaces ( 18 ) , perpendicular to them, returning inside the base, which at their turn constitute beating and supporting elements of some types of posts .

46) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that a gap is created between the surfaces ( 18 ) for the easy insertion of the hook ( 11 ) placed at the base of some types of posts , therefore in such a way as to permit the employ of these posts too .

47) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that under the hole ( 6) there is a notch ( 12) into which said hook ( 11) fits, locking under the base ( 1 ) and ensuring a steady hold.

48) Base support according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that it is made by plastic pressure die casting . 49) Base support according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that the coupling means of the vertical post ( 22 ) are constituted of at least three support thickness o ribs .

50) Base support according to the last claim, characterized in that it is predicted moreover, a rib or a βupport thickness

( 304 ) as the claim 2.

51) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the coupling means of the vertical post (22 ) are constituted of three support thickness ( 305, 305' , 305' ' ) or ribs .

52) Base support according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that said support thickness ( 305' ' ) and (305' ) are parallel each other and spaced in order to be able to contain the retaining post ( 22 ) , while said support thickness ( 305 ) is perpendicular to said support thickness

( 305' ' , 305' ) and spaced each other in such a way to contain said retaining post ( 22 ) . 53) Base support according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that the support thickness

( 305 , 305 ' , 305' ' ) have at least one, preferably two or more fixing holes (306) , to fix the vertical retaining posts

(22 ) to support thickness ( 305 , 305' , 305' ' ) by nails, screws or similar .

54) Base support for boards used for the framework of beams, brick walls, pillars and other reinforced concrete masonries , characterized in that it comprises :

- means to support the boards by two bases ( 1, IA) o ( 101, 101 A ) or ( 201 , 201 A) or ( 301 , 301 A) , equipped with a space

( 7 , 7A) or ( 107 , 107 A) or ( 207 , 207 A) or ( 307 , 307 A) inside with the board is vertically placed;

— means to connect one base to the opposite one by a flat surface or other connecting element ( 24 ) having a prefixed length .

55) Base according to one or more of the last claims , characterized in that it is realized in a single body by plastic pressure die casting.

56) Base according to one or more of the last claims, characterized in that the central surface (24 ) is divided by the two bases (1, IA) or ( 101, 101 A) or (201, 201 A) or ( 301 , 301 A) and applied to them by means of a clamping 'system.