EP1819723A2 - Peptides d'administration medicamenteuse - Google Patents
Peptides d'administration medicamenteuseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1819723A2 EP1819723A2 EP05817909A EP05817909A EP1819723A2 EP 1819723 A2 EP1819723 A2 EP 1819723A2 EP 05817909 A EP05817909 A EP 05817909A EP 05817909 A EP05817909 A EP 05817909A EP 1819723 A2 EP1819723 A2 EP 1819723A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- phe
- gly
- nps
- peptides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K9/00—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids, containing saccharide radicals and having a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K9/001—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids, containing saccharide radicals and having a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof the peptide sequence having less than 12 amino acids and not being part of a ring structure
Definitions
- This invention relates to new peptides which are useful for carrying drugs through the blood-brain barrier.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- NPs nanoparticles
- solid lipid nanoparticles into which the drug can be adsorbed or included (1,2).
- NPs have the advantage that a large number of molecules of the drug can be carried by each NP, and that they mask the characteristics of the drug to enable it to cross the BBB and protect it against enzymatic degradation.
- Different strategies have been proposed to enable NPs to cross the BBB, most of which are based on modifications to their hydrophobic surface.
- NPs mainly consist of polycyanoacrylate (such as poly(butylcyanoacrylate, PBCA), and a hydrophilic polymer such as polysorbate 80 can be adsorbed onto their surface (2); another strategy involves the preparation of NPs from an amphiphilic copolymer wherein the hydrophobic component is able to form the solid phase (the body of the NP), while the hydrophilic component remains on its surface, facing outwards.
- This copolymer can be represented by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and n- hexadecylcyanoacrylate (PEG-PHDCA) (3).
- NPs constituted by PHDCA PEGylate are able to cross the BBB without modifying its permeability (3); PEGylation increases the plasma half-life of NPs, and it has been suggested that this may be the reason why they are able to penetrate into the brain to a greater extent than other formulations (3). If the NPs are not coated with surfactant, they remain inside the blood vessels (2).
- Various mechanisms have been postulated to explain how NPs cross the BBB (1,4).
- it is important for NPs to be able to cross the BBB it is also extremely important for them to have the brain as their priority target, so that they can be used with drugs aimed at the CNS, not at other organs or apparatus.
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis is responsible for the fact that the BBB is crossed not only by molecules with a low molecular weight such as thiamine, but also by aggregates with a high molecular weight such as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and by other macromolecules.
- Specific receptors for insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-2), angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), interleukin-1 (IL-I) and transferrin have been identified in the brain capillaries. The transcytosis of these molecules through the BBB in vivo has so far only been demonstrated for insulin and transferrin (1).
- NPs consisting of wax and a surfactant (Brji 78®) conjugated with thiamine (5)
- nanogels consisting of flexible hydrophilic polymers of nanometric dimensions (nanogels) composed of polyethyleneimine crosslinked to poly(ethyleneglycol), which in turn are derivatised with transferrin or insulin, have been created specifically to reach the CNS (6,7).
- Peptides are polar compounds, but various proteins are able to cross the lipid cell membranes; there is great interest in studying the possibility of increasing the cell permeability of liposomes, proteins and NPs by using membrane-permeable peptides and proteins as carriers (8). Although the primary structure of the peptides able to cross the cell membranes is highly variable (9), some of their general characteristics are known. It has been postulated that a certain abundance of positive charges due to the presence of
- Arg (10-12) and the presence of aminoacids with large, hydrophobic side chains (13) inserted in the peptide sequence, play a crucial role in effective cell uptake.
- opioid peptides have proved able to cross the BBB, and this permeability can be increased by the presence of sugar residues (glucose, lactose, etc.); however, the mechanism whereby these substances cross the BBB is not known.
- an opioid peptide able to cross the BBE known as MMP-2200, with the formula H 2 N-Tyr-D- Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Ser-O- ⁇ -D-lactose-CONH 2 , has been described (14).
- H 2 N-Gly-Phe-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Ser-CONH 2 can be opportunely used to carry through the blood-brain barrier drugs conjugated to said sequence either directly or via a linear or branched polyvalent spacer, wherein other aminoacids can replace the first two aminoacids of the N-terminal portion, the order of which can be reversed, and their number may be different from two.
- a first aspect of the invention therefore relates to a peptide having the sequence reported above, wherein the serine residue may be functionalised with sugar residues, with a C- or O-glycoside bond.
- the sugar residue is preferably a residue of glucose, galactose, lactose, mannose or xylose, and more preferably an O- ⁇ -D-glucoside residue.
- the invention also relates to a conjugate of said peptides with a pharmaceutically acceptable polyester or polyamide polymer, nanoparticle systems comprising said conjugates, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said nanoparticle systems.
- Fig. 3 ESCA spectrum of NPs prepared with PLGA-HN-Gly-Phe-D- Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Ser-CONH 2 .
- Fig. 4 ESCA spectrum of NPs prepared with PLGA-HN-Gly-Phe-D- Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-SerO- ⁇ -D-glucose-CONH 2 .
- polymers which can be advantageously used to prepare the conjugates according to the invention include polymers or copolymers of biodegradable aliphatic hy ⁇ "roxyacids, preferably lactic acid and/or glycolic acid.
- the copolymer poly(D 5 L-lactide-c ⁇ -glycolide) (PLGA) or poly(D,L- lactic) acid is particularly preferred.
- the copolymer PLGA is a biodegradable polyester, approved by the American FDA, which breaks down without inducing inflammation or immune reactions, and is therefore particularly suitable for the purposes of this invention.
- the peptides according to the invention can be conjugated to PLGA or other polymers containing reactive groups (typically carboxyl groups) with the amino-terminal groups of the peptide according to methods already known in themselves, such as by activation of the carboxyl group with N-hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and subsequent formation of an amide bond with the N-terminal (unprotected) portion of the peptide.
- the peptide can be conjugated through a suitable all-purpose spacer, such as the aminoacid "Behera's amine".
- the molecular weight of the polymer used for the conjugation to the peptide is not critical, but typically falls into the interval between 1000 and 50,000 Da; the degree of functionalisation of the polymer with the peptide is between 30 and 80% of the theoretical value.
- the conjugates thus obtainable can be used to prepare nanoparticle systems according to known techniques, for example as described in (18) and in T. Niwa et al., J. Pharm. Sci. (1994) 83, 5, 727-732; C. S. Cho et al., Biomaterials (1997) 18, 323-326; T. Govender et al., J. Control. ReI. (1999) 57, 171-185; and M. F. Zambaux et al., J. Control. ReI.
- the nanoparticles (NP) according to the invention will contain a drug, a suitable surfactant, and a pharmaceutical carrier such as water or aqueous saline solutions.
- micro- or nanoparticle systems could be considered as an alternative to NPs.
- the drugs which can be advantageously used according to this invention are obviously those which are required to perform their pharmacological action in the brain.
- these drugs include antibacterial, antiviral, psychotropic, antidepressant, anti-tumoral and antimigraine agents, analgesics, antagonists or agonists of receptors present in the central nervous system, antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, hormones, narcotic analgesics, and diagnostic agents (paramagnetic complexes for MRI, radionuclides for nuclear medicine or diagnosis, etc.).
- the drugs can be included, adsorbed or absorbed into the nanoparticles or conjugated directly with the peptide or copolymer by means of a covalent bond which is labile in vivo, such as an ester or amide bond.
- the invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical or diagnostic compositions comprising a peptide or one of its conjugates as defined above, together with any excipients.
- the dose and administration route of the nanometric systems according to the invention will obviously depend on a number of factors, such as the toxicological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug, the severity of the disorder to be treated, and the patient's condition, especially his/her age, weight and sex.
- the dose may in any event be determined on the basis of the results of pre-clinical trials and phase I clinical trials, as is usual in drug development.
- EXAMPLE 1 - Peptide synthesis The peptides were synthesised by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) using a Rink amide resin and the FMOC method. All the peptides were synthesised manually using a suitable reactor (scale of 0.5 g of resin, 5.00 ml washing volume) and agitation by anhydrous nitrogen flow.
- SPPS solid-phase peptide synthesis
- All the peptides were synthesised manually using a suitable reactor (scale of 0.5 g of resin, 5.00 ml washing volume) and agitation by anhydrous nitrogen flow.
- Rink amide resin (4-[[(2',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl] phenoxyl resin) with a degree of functionalisation of 0.63 mmol/g was used.
- the Ser used to prepare the peptide H 2 N-Gly-Phe-D-Thr-Gry-Phe-Leu-Ser- CONH 2 (Peptide 1) was protected as tert-butyl ether; the hydroxyl groups of FMOC-SerO- ⁇ -D-glucoside, used for synthesis of the peptide H 2 N-Gly-Phe- D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-SerO- ⁇ -D-glucose-CONH 2 (peptide 2), were protected by formation of esters with acetic acid.
- the FMOC was removed with the piperidine/DMF (9:1, 2 x 5 min), followed by washing with DMF (5 x 1 min).
- the couplings were performed by adding a solution in DMF (4ml) consisting of FMOC aminoacid (3 equiv.), TBTU (3 equiv.), HOBt (3 equiv.) and *Pr 2 Net (6 equiv.) to the peptide present on the resin.
- the resin suspension was agitated by bubbling anhydrous nitrogen for 3 h, after which the degree of completeness of coupling was determined with the Kaiser test.
- the FMOC group is removed as reported above; the acetic groups present on the sugar residue are removed by treatment with H 2 N-NH 2 .H 2 O/MeOH 4/1 (2 x 5 mL x 30 min, followed by 1 x 5 mL x 1 h), while the peptide remains bonded to the resin. The excess H 2 N-NH 2 -H 2 O is then removed, and the resin is washed with MeOH (5 x 1 min) followed by CH 2 Cl 2 (5 x 1 min).
- the peptide is released from the dried resin by treatment with CF 3 COOH (TFA) (84%), anisole (4%) thioanisole (4%), ethanedithiol (4%) and H 2 O (4%) (4 ml x 2 h); the solution is filtered to remove the depleted resin, and the resulting solution is cooled and precipitated by adding anhydrous ether. The solid thus obtained is filtered and washed several times with anhydrous ether; the crude peptide is then purified by dissolving in MeOH and precipitating with anhydrous ether. The peptides thus obtained are then analysed by mass spectroscopy (Q-TOF Global Ultima, Micromass, MALDI) (m/z): Peptide 1, est.
- EXAMPLE 2 Conjugation of PLGA with peptides 1 and 2 Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (19.0 mg, 93 ⁇ mol) and N-hydroxy- succinimide (11.0 mg, 93 ⁇ mol) is added to a solution of 1.00 g (88 ⁇ mol) PLGA RG503H (Boehringer Ingelheim) with a molecular weight of 11,000, determined by titration of the carboxyl groups at its ends (4.94 mg KOH/g of polymer) in anhydrous dioxane (5 ml); the solution is then agitated for 4 hours at a temperature ranging from the initial 4 0 C to 20 0 C.
- the dicyclohexylurea is then filtered, and the solution poured into ethyl ether.
- the insoluble polymer is separated by decanting and purified by dissolving in CH 2 Cl 2 and precipitating with anhydrous ether (twice).
- the polymer thus obtained is then dissolved in anhydrous DMSO (5 ml), and maintained under agitation at ambient temperature after addition of a solution of the peptide (80 ⁇ mol) in DMSO (1 ml) and triethylamine (17 ⁇ l, 120 ⁇ mol). After 4 hours at ambient temperature, the reaction solution is poured into ethyl ether; the modified polymer is separated by decanting and purified by solubilisation in CH 2 Cl 2 and precipitation with methanol (three times).
- the nanoparticles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation technique (18).
- the solution thus obtained was poured slowly into deionised water (25 ml) containing Pluronic F68 (100 mg).
- NPs were then purified by gel-filtration chromatography (Sepharose CL4B gel (160 ml), column 50 x 2 cm), using water as mobile phase, and freeze-dried without the presence of a cryoprotector. Analysis of NPs.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (XL-40 Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands) was used to evaluate the diameter and morphology of the NPs.
- the samples were coated in an argon atmosphere with a 10 nm thickness of gold and palladium (Emitech K550 Sputter Coated, Emitech Ltd., Ashford, Kent, UK).
- Electron microphotographs of at least 500 NPs per preparation were evaluated with image analysis (Image Proplus, Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA) to determine the percentage dimensional distribution.
- NP polymer-modifying hydrophilic groups (peptide chains)
- the spectra were recorded in FAT (fixed retard ratio) mode with 190 eV of pass energy.
- the pressure in the chamber containing the samples was evaluated at approx. 10 ⁇ 9 mbars.
- Data acquisition and processing was conducted with an RBD AugerScan 2.
- the spectra (reported in Figs. 3 and 4) show the presence of N on the surface of the NPs.
- NPs to cross the BBB was determined by an in vivo test (the in situ brain perfusion technique). The actual crossing of the BBB is usually determined by evaluating the pharmacological effect of a substance present in nanoparticle systems (dalargin, etc.) or using labelled products or polymers, followed by evaluation of the radioactivity present in brain homogenate; however, these methods do not demonstrate that the NPs have actually crossed the BBB. Fluorescent NPs have only been used in two cases (NP of PBCA-polysorbate 80 and NP of PHDCA PEGylate (3,16), which allows their subsequent determination in brain parenchyma by fluorescence microscopy.
- This detection system has the advantage of allowing effective evaluation of whether the BBB has been crossed, and the method was used in the present study because of this characteristic.
- the NPs according to the invention were rendered fluorescent by inclusion of 20% in weight of PLGA derivatised with fluorescein (17).
- mice Male albino Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250 ⁇ 30 g (Harlan, San Pietro Natisone) were used; the animals were housed for a period of 15 days at 25°C before the experiments, and fed on a standard diet with water on demand.
- NP neuropeptide
- a suspension of NP in saline (1 mL, containing 5 mg of Np each animal weighting 250 g) was then administered without interrupting the perfusion of plasma-like fluid (19) with a 3 -way valve.
- the NP suspension (10 mg/0.5 mL of saline solution) was obtained by sonication and agitation in a vortex; the integrity of the NPs and the absence of aggregates were evaluated in advance by SEM analysis.
- the brain was removed, subjected to preservation procedures by washing with saline solution (0.9% w/v), and frozen with liquid nitrogen. A number of sections were cut with a 5 ⁇ m thick cryotome.
- DAPI DAPI-4'-6-diamidino-2- phenylindole
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un peptide comprenant la séquence: H2N-Gly-Phe-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Ser-CONH2, le résidu de sérine pouvant être fonctionnalisé avec des résidus de sucre; d'autres aminoacides pouvant remplacer les deux premiers aminoacides de la partie N-terminal, l'ordre de ceux-ci pouvant être inversé et le nombre de ceux-ci pouvant être autre que deux.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT002353A ITMI20042353A1 (it) | 2004-12-10 | 2004-12-10 | Peptidi per la veicolazione di farmaci |
PCT/EP2005/012554 WO2006061101A2 (fr) | 2004-12-10 | 2005-11-24 | Peptides d'administration medicamenteuse |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1819723A2 true EP1819723A2 (fr) | 2007-08-22 |
Family
ID=36578268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05817909A Withdrawn EP1819723A2 (fr) | 2004-12-10 | 2005-11-24 | Peptides d'administration medicamenteuse |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1819723A2 (fr) |
IT (1) | ITMI20042353A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006061101A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2010027108A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-08 | 2012-02-02 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 蛍光性糖誘導体化合物及びそれを用いるセンサー |
EP4089169A1 (fr) | 2009-10-12 | 2022-11-16 | Larry J. Smith | Procédés et compositions permettant de moduler l'expression génique à l'aide de médicaments à base d'oligonucléotides administrés in vivo ou in vitro |
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US10532045B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2020-01-14 | Signpath Pharma, Inc. | Liposomal mitigation of drug-induced inhibition of the cardiac IKr channel |
US10117881B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2018-11-06 | Signpath Pharma, Inc. | Protective effect of DMPC, DMPG, DMPC/DMPG, LYSOPG and LYSOPC against drugs that cause channelopathies |
GB2507884B (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2019-10-23 | Signpath Pharma Inc | Liposomal mitigation of drug-induced long QT syndrome and potassium delayed-rectifier current |
US10238602B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2019-03-26 | Signpath Pharma, Inc. | Protective effect of DMPC, DMPG, DMPC/DMPG, LysoPG and LysoPC against drugs that cause channelopathies |
US10349884B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2019-07-16 | Sighpath Pharma Inc. | Liposomal mitigation of drug-induced inhibition of the cardiac ikr channel |
US12004868B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2024-06-11 | Signpath Pharma Inc. | Liposomal mitigation of drug-induced inhibition of the cardiac IKr channel |
US10449193B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2019-10-22 | Signpath Pharma Inc. | Protective effect of DMPC, DMPG, DMPC/DMPG, lysoPG and lysoPC against drugs that cause channelopathies |
US9138411B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2015-09-22 | University Of North Texas Health Science Center At Fort Worth | Curcumin-ER, a liposomal-PLGA sustained release nanocurcumin for minimizing QT prolongation for cancer therapy |
KR102181659B1 (ko) | 2016-04-27 | 2020-11-24 | 사인패스 파마 인코포레이티드 | 약물 유발된 방실 차단의 방지 |
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