EP1811536A1 - Magnetic actuator with permanent, reduced-volume magnet - Google Patents

Magnetic actuator with permanent, reduced-volume magnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1811536A1
EP1811536A1 EP07100620A EP07100620A EP1811536A1 EP 1811536 A1 EP1811536 A1 EP 1811536A1 EP 07100620 A EP07100620 A EP 07100620A EP 07100620 A EP07100620 A EP 07100620A EP 1811536 A1 EP1811536 A1 EP 1811536A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
actuator according
yoke
shaped
magnetic actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07100620A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1811536B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Bonjean
Pierre Leroy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Energy France SAS
Original Assignee
Areva T&D SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1811536A1 publication Critical patent/EP1811536A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1811536B1 publication Critical patent/EP1811536B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1623—Armatures having T-form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet magnetic actuator in particular for operating vacuum bulbs of medium and high voltage circuit breakers. It also relates to a contact control mechanism of one or more vacuum interrupter bulbs which is provided with such an actuator.
  • planar geometry For example that described in the patent application, are known.
  • WO 96/32734 which is illustrated in section in Figure 1.
  • the expression "plane geometry” means that different sections made in several substantially parallel planes of the magnetic circuit of the actuator lead to substantially isometric sections, they are stackable. This "flat geometry” expression is used to differentiate itself from axyl-symmetric actuators.
  • the disadvantage of axyl-symmetric actuators such as that described in the patent application EP-A-1,225,609 and even in the patent application FR-A-2,504,718 which relates to a self-maintained solenoid is that they are difficult to modulate so as to have ranges of actuators having forces different load bearing.
  • the main parts of the cylinder head, the frame and the permanent magnets can not be reused.
  • the magnets are in an arc which is not easy to achieve.
  • the actuator of the patent application WO 96/32734 is able to maneuver one or more vacuum interrupter bulbs.
  • This actuator comprises a magnetic circuit 1 cooperating with two spaced coaxial coils 2.
  • This magnetic circuit takes the form of two E 3 arranged face to face and a leg 4 between the two E.
  • Each E has a lateral leg 3.4 and three transverse bars 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, two extremes 3.1, 3.3 and an intermediate 3.2, the extreme transverse bars 3.1, 3.3 being longer than the intermediate transverse bar 3.2.
  • the leg 4 is housed in part in a space delimited by the two E and magnetically joins the two extreme transverse bars 3.1, 3.3 of the same E 3. Its displacement is between the two extreme transverse bars 3.1, 3.3 of a even E 3.
  • the magnetic circuit 1 is materialized by a fixed yoke 5 associated with one or more pairs of permanent magnets 6 also fixed and a movable armature 7.
  • the armature 7 corresponds to the leg 4 of the magnetic circuit 1, it extends along an axis x-x '.
  • the yoke 5 and the pairs of magnets 6 correspond to E.
  • Each magnet 6 is housed in an intermediate transverse bar 3.2 of E between two breech sections 5.
  • a sectional view of an axyl-symmetric magnetic actuator would be similar, but in fact, in this architecture, the magnetic circuit would comprise two concentric cylinders placed one inside the other, the outer cylinder being closed at its ends by lids .
  • a disadvantage of the actuator of Figure 1 is that a magnetic flux, which is established in the magnetic circuit due in particular to the presence of the magnets 6, joins the frame 7 to the yoke 5 transversely to the axis x- x '.
  • a small lateral asymmetry of this magnetic flux causes a lateral shift and a rotation along the axis xx 'of the armature 7 towards the intermediate bar 3.2 of one of the E, which reinforces the lateral asymmetry of flux and therefore of 'efforts.
  • These transverse parasitic forces generate friction which must be overcome when controlling the displacement of the armature to move it from one of its stable positions to its other stable position. It is necessary to provide guide parts of the armature, of low friction material, these parts are inserted between the armature and the free end of the intermediate transverse bar E. These parts require mounting a precise positioning, which is delicate.
  • Another disadvantage of this actuator is that it is bulky and uses a lot of material for a given bearing strength.
  • the actuator is also subject to radial parasitic forces and friction that must be taken into account.
  • the present invention aims to provide a permanent magnetic magnet actuator "flat geometry" does not have the limitations and difficulties above.
  • This object is achieved by proposing an actuator in which the configuration of the magnetic circuit is such that the incoming magnetic flux and the magnetic flux exiting the armature are oriented along the axis of the intermediate leg and that the two flows are used. which makes it possible to increase the bearing force of the actuator for the same section of the intermediate leg and the armature.
  • the frame and the fixed part have substantially complementary shapes at the level of the three legs.
  • the fixed part further comprises a flux guide piece inserted into the intermediate leg between the magnet and the armature.
  • the flow guide piece will preferably be made of iron.
  • the flux guide piece can be broken down into two parts, one with a substantially constant section extending inside the coil and the other with increasing section extending from the coil to the magnet.
  • the reinforcement can take the form of a plate, a T, a U or an E.
  • the cylinder head can take the form of a plate, a T, a U or an E.
  • the frame and / or the breech may at least partially encompass the intermediate leg and / or the outer lateral legs.
  • the armature comes into mechanical contact against the cylinder head, at least at the level of the two outer lateral legs.
  • the cylinder head and / or the frame and / or the permanent magnet are formed of several adjoining pieces.
  • the yoke When the yoke is U-shaped, it can be formed of two L-shaped pieces next to each other.
  • the frame When the frame is T-shaped, it can be formed of two L-shaped pieces placed back to back.
  • the flange of the cylinder head has a groove opposite the magnet, to facilitate the attachment of the actuator on a support.
  • the actuator may be provided with one or more fastening vanes integral with the cylinder head.
  • the present invention also relates to a contact control mechanism of one or more vacuum interrupter bulbs which comprises an actuator thus defined.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B which show sections of a first example of a magnetic actuator according to the invention in two stable positions.
  • This actuator is bistable. In Figure 2A, it is in a stable position under the action of magnetic coupling forces, it is the closed position. In Figure 2B, it is in the other stable position through the action of springs tending to separate armature and yoke, developing a force greater than that from the magnetic coupling in this position, it is the open position.
  • bistable it means that the actuator has two stable positions in the absence of current in the coil.
  • the actuator comprises at least one coil 14 surrounded by a magnetic circuit 10 having three legs 11, 12.1, 12.2 of which two 12.1, 12.2 are lateral and external to the coil 14 and 11 is intermediate and passes through the coil 14 at least in the closed position. It comprises two flanges 17, 18 vis-à-vis magnetically connecting the legs 12.1, 12.2, 11 between them to close the magnetic circuit 10 especially when the actuator is in the closed position.
  • the legs 12.1, 12.2, 11 are without direct mechanical contact between them.
  • the two outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 are oriented substantially perpendicular to the two flanges 17, 18.
  • the magnetic circuit 10 When the actuator is in the stable open position, the magnetic circuit 10 is open and three gaps g1, g2, g3 are arranged therein, each leg 12.1, 12.2, 11 cooperating with an air gap g1, g2, g3 respectively. These air gaps g1, g2, g3 extend in the direction of the movement of the armature 21.
  • the coil 14 serves to generate a magnetomotive force which will strengthen or reduce the magnetic field created by the permanent magnet 13 according to which one wish to open or close the actuator.
  • the magnetic circuit 10 is embodied by a fixed part 200 comprising at least one yoke 22, associated with at least one permanent magnet 13, and with a movable part or frame 21.
  • the yoke 22 includes at least one of the flanges 17 while the armature 21 includes the other flange 18.
  • the permanent magnet 13 is at one end of the intermediate leg 11 on the side of the flange 17 of the cylinder head 22.
  • the permanent magnet 13 may be of the rare earth type for example to neodymium iron boron base.
  • the movable portion 21 and the fixed portion 200 have substantially complementary shapes so that the magnetic circuit 10 can be closed, minimizing the air gap distances, at least in the closed position of the magnetic actuator.
  • FIG. 2A show the magnetic flux that enters and leaves the armature 21. This flow is directed in the direction of the displacement of the armature 21 but does not necessarily have the same meaning as the force that applies to the armature 21 and therefore the displacement of the armature 21. This flux has no moment of component transverse displacement. This characteristic did not exist in the prior art.
  • the fixed part 200 further comprises a magnetic flux guide piece 15, inserted between the permanent magnet 13 and the armature 21.
  • This flow guide piece 15 is a part of the intermediate leg 11. It is used to concentrate the magnetic flux from the magnet 13 to the frame 21.
  • This flow guiding piece 15 contributes to delimiting one of the air gaps g3.
  • This flux guide piece 15 will preferably be made of steel, because this material has a maximum induction whose value is approximately double that of the rare earth permanent magnet.
  • the attraction force or bearing force being proportional to the square of the induction as explained above, it is advantageous to work at a maximum level of induction at the gap g3.
  • the armature 21 is T-shaped and the yoke 22 is U-shaped.
  • the T comprises a main bar 21.4 and a transverse bar.
  • the main bar 21.4 is a part of the intermediate leg 11 and the crossbar is the flange 18.
  • the U has two sides and a bottom. The sides of the U are the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the bottom of the U is the flange 17.
  • the intermediate leg 11 is formed from the flange 17 of the yoke 22: the magnet 13, the flow guide piece 15 and the main bar 21.4 of the armature 21.
  • the permanent magnet 13 is substantially parallelepipedal and the flow guide piece 15 also. Other shapes would be possible for the flow guiding part 15 as illustrated in FIGS.
  • the gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the yoke 21 and the ends facing the transverse bar 18 of the T of the armature 21.
  • the third gap g3 is located between the free end of the yoke 21. 21.4 main bar of the frame 21 and the flow guide piece 15. The coupling between the air gap g3 and the coil 14 is good which reduces the electrical or mechanical power required for opening.
  • the armature 21 When the actuator is closed as in FIG. 2A, the armature 21 is in abutment with the bolt 22, and the mechanical contact is preferably between the flange 18 of the armature 21 and the ends of the two sides of the U of the armature. 22 rather than between the armature 21 and the flux guide piece 15. thus avoiding possible shocks at the magnet 13 which is fragile.
  • the flux guide piece 15, if present, serves as protection for the magnet 13.
  • the gap g3 When the contact is made between the frame 21 and the yoke 22, the gap g3 is as small as possible . It could even be nil.
  • the gaps g1 and g2 determine the travel of the frame 21.
  • the breech 22 can be made using several pieces contiguous. These pieces can be parallelepipedic. It may be in the example of Figures 2A, 2B of the flange 17 and the two outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2. These parts 17, 12.1, 12.2 can be massive or laminated, that is to say formed of a stack of plates. Alternatively, it is possible that the yoke 22 is formed of a pair of L-shaped parts placed face to face to form the U. These L-shaped parts are then symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry xoz of the T of the armature 21. These L-shaped pieces can be massive or laminated.
  • the armature 21 may be formed of several parallelepipedal parts contiguous. In the example it is the flange 18 and the main bar 21.4 T. These parts can be massive or laminated.
  • the frame 21 may be formed of a pair of L-pieces placed back to back. These L-shaped parts are then symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry. These L-shaped pieces can be massive or laminated. The advantage of using for the cylinder head and the frame of the laminated pieces is that it can be stacked more or less to form a range of several actuators.
  • the magnet 13 may be formed of a block or several contiguous, these blocks being parallelepipedic. This characteristic can not be seen in FIGS. 2, the pieces could be following one another in the plane of the sheet. It is shown schematically in FIG. 5B.
  • a groove 16 opposite the magnet 13.
  • This groove 16 may allow to fix the actuator to an external device.
  • Alternatively or in combination can be fixed one or more fins 42 on the cylinder head 22. These fins 42 may be placed at the outer lateral legs at the end of the stack (if the cylinder head is laminated). These fins 42 provide the rigidity of the actuator and allow its attachment. The fins 42 are visible in Figures 4A, 4B.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3F other variants of an actuator according to the invention.
  • the yoke 22, the frame 21 and the magnet 13 have shapes similar to those shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B.
  • the flow guide piece 15 has a non-constant section: its face facing The screw of the permanent magnet 13 is larger than that facing the armature 21 to efficiently concentrate the magnetic flux to the armature 21. Its section decreases continuously from the magnet 13 to the armature 21.
  • the faces opposite the armature 21 and the flow guide part 15 are substantially equal in the described configuration. It's not an obligation.
  • the armature 21 is in the form of a plate, which corresponds to the flange 18.
  • the fixed part 200 comprises the U-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the flux-guiding portion 15.
  • U-shaped yoke 22 is similar to that of FIGS. 2A, 2B.
  • the intermediate leg 11 is formed only of the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15.
  • the flow guide piece 15 it comprises two parts 15.1, 15.2 which meet while they are end-to-end, a first portion 15.1 having a substantially constant section and a second portion 15.2 having a decreasing section between the magnet 13 and the armature 21.
  • the second part with decreasing section 15.2 is between the magnet 13 and the reel 14.
  • the two parts 15.1, 15.2 do not have the same section at the junction.
  • the second part 15.2 has a larger section than that of the first part 15.1.
  • the second part 15.2 of the flow guide piece can thus serve as a support for the coil 14.
  • gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the yoke 22 and the flange 18 of the frame 21.
  • gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the flange 18 of the frame 21.
  • the armature 21 has a U-shape, it includes the two outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the flange 18.
  • the fixed part 200 comprises the plate-shaped yoke 22 which corresponds to the flange 17, permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide member 15.
  • the intermediate leg 11 is formed only of the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15.
  • This flux guide piece 15 is similar to that of Figure 3B.
  • the gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the frame 21 and the flange 18 of the yoke 22.
  • the third air gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the flange 18 of the frame 21.
  • the armature 21 is E-shaped, it includes two end sections 21.1, 21.2, an intermediate section 21.3 and the flange 18.
  • Each end section 21.1, 21.2 is a first section of one of the outer lateral legs. 12.1, 12.2, the intermediate section 21.3 is a first section of the intermediate leg 11.
  • the fixed part 200 comprises the U-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15.
  • the yoke 22 includes a second section 22.1, 22.2 of each of the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the flange 18.
  • the intermediate leg 11 is formed, from the flange 17 of the yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13, the flow guide piece 15 and intermediate portion 21.3 of the armature 21.
  • This flux guide piece 15 is similar to that of FIGS.
  • the air gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the yoke 22 and the ends of the end sections 21.1, 21.2 of the armature 21.
  • the third air gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the intermediate section 21.3 of the mobile armature 21.
  • the armature 21 is similar to that shown in FIG. 3D.
  • the fixed part 200 comprises the E-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15.
  • the yoke 22 includes two end sections 22.1, 22.2, an intermediate section 22.3, and the flange 18. Each section 22.1, 22.2 is a second section of one of the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2.
  • the intermediate section 22.3 of the yoke 22 is a second section of the intermediate leg 11 which further comprises, from this second section, the magnet 13, the flow guide piece 15 and the intermediate section 21.3 of the frame 21.
  • the flow guiding part 15 is similar to that of FIG. 3D but its length is less because of the presence of the intermediate section 22.3 of the cylinder head 22.
  • the air gaps g1 and g2 are located between the ends of the end sections 22.1, 22.2 of the breech 22 and the ends of the end portions 21.1, 21.2 of the armature 21.
  • the third gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guiding part 15 and the intermediate section 21.3 of the frame 21.
  • the armature 21 is similar to that shown in FIG. 3C, it is U-shaped.
  • the fixed part 200 comprises the T-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the guide piece of FIG. 15.
  • the breech 22 T comprises a main bar 22.4 and a crossbar which is the flange 17.
  • the main bar 22.4 is a part of the intermediate leg 11.
  • the U-shaped frame 21 has two sides and a bottom. The sides of the U form the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the bottom of the U is the flange 18.
  • the intermediate leg 11 is formed from the flange 17 of the yoke 22: the main bar 22.4 of the yoke 22, the magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15.
  • the air gaps g1 and g2 are located between the bar transverse 17 of the yoke 22 and the ends of the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 of the armature 21.
  • the third gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the flange 18 the frame 21.
  • One or more coils 14 surround the assembly of the intermediate leg 11.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B a control mechanism in which the actuator according to the invention takes place.
  • the actuator In FIG. 4A, the actuator is closed and in FIG. 4B it is open.
  • This control mechanism can be used for the control of medium vacuum circuit breakers and high tension.
  • These circuit breakers comprise one or more pairs of contacts 32 placed in a vacuum interrupter 35, among these contacts 32, a 32.1 is mobile and the other 32.2 is fixed.
  • This control mechanism comprises a first bar 27 to rigidly connect to the armature 21 at its flange 18.
  • This first bar 27 is integral with a pair of substantially perpendicular axes 28, placed towards its ends on the side and side. other of the actuator. These axes 28 are integral with as many levers 34 as vacuum bulbs 35 via a second bar 30. These levers 34 are intended to transmit a movement, depending on the movement of the armature 21, to each movable contact 32.1. a vacuum interrupter 35 of the circuit breaker. These pins 28 serve as guides to the opening springs 29.
  • On this first bar 27 is also connected an external guide system 41 anti-torsion bar type, the first bar 27 being able to pivot laterally around the anti-torsion bar. 41.
  • the first bar 27 is mounted substantially parallel to the anti-torsion bar 41. Because of this movement around the guide system 41, the first bar 27 is caused to drive the frame 21 in a circular arc motion instead of a true translational movement.
  • the actuator is not subject to a radial flow, this movement of the frame 21 is not a disadvantage.
  • Contact springs 33 are mounted, each on an axis 40 which connects a lever 34 to the movable contact 32.1 of the circuit breaker.
  • the operation of the control mechanism is as follows. It is assumed that the actuator is in the open position.
  • the contacts 32 of each vacuum interrupter 35 are held in the open position by means of the opening springs 29 which are in extension. They are intended to overcome the force, due to the atmospheric pressure, being exerted on the contacts 32 of the vacuum interrupter 35, this force being greater than the magnetic force exerted between the armature 21 and the cylinder head 22.
  • a current is injected into the coil 14. This current may come from the discharge of a capacitor (not shown) mounted across the coil 14 This current strengthens the magnetic field created in the gaps g1, g2, g3 by the permanent magnet 13.
  • the attractive force that applies to the armature 21 increases and becomes greater than the mechanical forces that oppose the movement. of the armature 21.
  • the armature 21 begins to move causing the movable contacts 32.1 of the vacuum bulbs 35.
  • the attractive force of the armature 21 towards the flux guide piece 15 follows a complex law which depends on the length of the gaps g1, g2 which define the travel of the armature 21 and the amplitude of the current flowing in the coil 14.
  • the force which opposes the displacement of the armature 21 varies during the stroke of the actuator, especially when touching the contacts 32 Vacuum bulbs 35. Modern calculation means make it possible to completely simulate the behavior of the system and to optimize it.
  • the actuator and the contacts 32 of the vacuum bulbs 35 are kept closed by the magnetic force exerted by the armature 21, it comes from the magnetic field created by the permanent magnet (not visible in FIGS. 4) in the gap g3 minimum. There is no longer any need for current flow in the coil 14. At this stage, the contact springs 33 and the opening springs 29 are compressed.
  • the opening of the actuator and therefore of the contacts 32 of the vacuum bulbs 35 is initiated by a current flow in the coil 14.
  • This current flow is in the opposite direction that when the actuator closes, it creates a magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field of the magnet.
  • This flow of current comes from the discharge of the capacitor associated with a polarity inverter, or the discharge of another capacitor (not shown) or even the electrical network, because the required energy is low.
  • the magnetic bearing force decreases and becomes smaller than the mechanical forces applied to the armature 21 via the pins 28 and the first bar 27.
  • the armature 21 accelerates under the action of the springs of contact 33 and opening 29 which are decompressed.
  • the separation of the contacts 32 from the vacuum bulbs 35 must be done with a sufficient speed so as to cut off any arcing that may occur.
  • the actuator provides virtually no energy during opening and the springs must be dimensioned accordingly.
  • the guide of the armature 21 is made using the anti-torsion bar 41 and the levers 34 which transmit the movement to the movable contacts 32.1 of the vacuum bulbs 35.
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B make it possible to make a dimensional comparison between two magnetic actuators, one being in accordance with that described in the patent application WO 96/32734 (Figure 5A) and the other being in accordance with the invention ( Figure 5B).
  • the actuator of FIG. 5A has a bearing load of 20,000N and that of FIG. 5B a bearing load of 22,000N.
  • the smaller size of the actuator according to the invention is not questionable.
  • the architecture of the actuator which takes into account the inflows and outflows of the armature 21 makes it possible to double the load-bearing force for an identical section of the intermediate leg.
  • the amount of material used by this architecture is reduced compared to that used in the architecture described in the patent application.
  • WO 96/32734 Such an actuator will have a favorable balance in environmental terms.
  • the section of the breech is about 130% of that of the intermediate leg because the flow through the breech is the same as that through the intermediate leg.
  • the section of the coil can be reduced compared to that of the patent application WO 96/32734 because the length of a turn of the coil is proportional to the perimeter of the section of the intermediate leg.
  • the force-position characteristic of the actuator according to the invention makes it particularly suitable for controlling vacuum circuit-breakers.

Abstract

The actuator has a coil (14) enclosed by a magnetic circuit (10). The circuit is formed of a mobile frame (21) with a flange (18) and a fixed part (20) including a yoke (22) enclosing a flange (17) and a permanent magnet (13). The magnet is placed at an end of an intermediate leg (11) of a side of the flange of the yoke. A magnetic flux is established between the frame and the fixed part and directed in a displacement direction of the frame. The frame and the fixed part have a complimentary shape at the level of legs (11, 12.1, 12.2). A flux guiding part is inserted in the leg (11).

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

La présente invention concerne un actionneur magnétique à aimant permanent notamment pour manoeuvrer des ampoules à vide de disjoncteurs moyenne et haute tension. Elle concerne également un mécanisme de commande de contacts d'une ou plusieurs ampoules à vide de disjoncteur qui est doté d'un tel actionneur.The present invention relates to a permanent magnet magnetic actuator in particular for operating vacuum bulbs of medium and high voltage circuit breakers. It also relates to a contact control mechanism of one or more vacuum interrupter bulbs which is provided with such an actuator.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

On connaît parmi les actionneurs magnétiques à aimant permanent, ceux dits « à géométrie plane », par exemple celui décrit dans la demande de brevet WO 96/32734 qui est illustré en coupe sur la figure 1. L'expression « géométrie plane » signifie que différentes coupes effectuées dans plusieurs plans sensiblement parallèles du circuit magnétique de l'actionneur conduisent à des sections sensiblement isométriques, elles sont superposables. Cette expression « à géométrie plane » est employée pour se différencier des actionneurs à géométrie axy-symétrique. L'inconvénient des actionneurs axy-symétriques comme celui décrit dans la demande de brevet EP-A-1 225 609 et même dans la demande de brevet FR-A-2 504 718 qui concerne un solénoïde auto-entretenu est qu'ils sont difficilement modulables de manière à disposer de gammes d'actionneurs ayant des forces portantes différentes. Les principales pièces que sont la culasse, l'armature et les aimants permanents ne peuvent être réutilisées. Les aimants sont en arc de cercle ce qui n'est pas facile à réaliser. En revanche dans les actionneurs dits « à géométrie plane », il est possible de disposer aisément d'une gamme d'actionneurs à forces portantes différentes, en réutilisant certaines pièces telles que la culasse, l'armature et l'aimant permanent. Ils garderont la même section, seule leur épaisseur variera et cette épaisseur pourra être obtenue en accolant plusieurs éléments de base.Among the magnetic permanent magnet actuators, those known as "planar geometry", for example that described in the patent application, are known. WO 96/32734 which is illustrated in section in Figure 1. The expression "plane geometry" means that different sections made in several substantially parallel planes of the magnetic circuit of the actuator lead to substantially isometric sections, they are stackable. This "flat geometry" expression is used to differentiate itself from axyl-symmetric actuators. The disadvantage of axyl-symmetric actuators such as that described in the patent application EP-A-1,225,609 and even in the patent application FR-A-2,504,718 which relates to a self-maintained solenoid is that they are difficult to modulate so as to have ranges of actuators having forces different load bearing. The main parts of the cylinder head, the frame and the permanent magnets can not be reused. The magnets are in an arc which is not easy to achieve. In contrast, in the so-called "planar geometry" actuators, it is possible to easily have a range of actuators with different load-bearing forces, by reusing certain parts such as the yoke, the armature and the permanent magnet. They will keep the same section, only their thickness will vary and this thickness can be obtained by joining several basic elements.

L'actionneur de la demande de brevet WO 96/32734 est apte à manoeuvrer une ou plusieurs ampoules à vide de disjoncteur. Cet actionneur comporte un circuit magnétique 1 coopérant avec deux bobines 2 coaxiales espacées. Ce circuit magnétique prend la forme de deux E 3 disposés face à face et d'une jambe 4 entre les deux E. Chaque E possède une jambe latérale 3.4 et trois barres transversales 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 dont deux extrêmes 3.1, 3.3 et une intermédiaire 3.2, les barres transversales extrêmes 3.1, 3.3 étant plus longues que la barre transversale intermédiaire 3.2. La jambe 4 est logée en partie dans un espace délimité par les deux E et elle joint magnétiquement les deux barres transversales extrêmes 3.1, 3.3 d'un même E 3. Son déplacement se fait entre les deux barres transversales extrêmes 3.1, 3.3 d'un même E 3.The actuator of the patent application WO 96/32734 is able to maneuver one or more vacuum interrupter bulbs. This actuator comprises a magnetic circuit 1 cooperating with two spaced coaxial coils 2. This magnetic circuit takes the form of two E 3 arranged face to face and a leg 4 between the two E. Each E has a lateral leg 3.4 and three transverse bars 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, two extremes 3.1, 3.3 and an intermediate 3.2, the extreme transverse bars 3.1, 3.3 being longer than the intermediate transverse bar 3.2. The leg 4 is housed in part in a space delimited by the two E and magnetically joins the two extreme transverse bars 3.1, 3.3 of the same E 3. Its displacement is between the two extreme transverse bars 3.1, 3.3 of a even E 3.

Le circuit magnétique 1 est matérialisé par une culasse fixe 5 associée à une ou plusieurs paires d'aimants permanents 6 également fixes et une armature mobile 7. L'armature 7 correspond à la jambe 4 du circuit magnétique 1, elle s'étend selon un axe x-x'. La culasse 5 et les paires d'aimants 6 correspondent aux E. Chaque aimant 6 est logé dans une barre transversale intermédiaire 3.2 de E entre deux tronçons de culasse 5.The magnetic circuit 1 is materialized by a fixed yoke 5 associated with one or more pairs of permanent magnets 6 also fixed and a movable armature 7. The armature 7 corresponds to the leg 4 of the magnetic circuit 1, it extends along an axis x-x '. The yoke 5 and the pairs of magnets 6 correspond to E. Each magnet 6 is housed in an intermediate transverse bar 3.2 of E between two breech sections 5.

Une vue en coupe d'un actionneur magnétique axy-symétrique serait similaire, mais en fait, dans cette architecture, le circuit magnétique comprendrait deux cylindres concentriques placés l'un dans l'autre, le cylindre extérieur étant fermé à ses extrémités par des couvercles.A sectional view of an axyl-symmetric magnetic actuator would be similar, but in fact, in this architecture, the magnetic circuit would comprise two concentric cylinders placed one inside the other, the outer cylinder being closed at its ends by lids .

Un inconvénient de l'actionneur de la figure 1 est qu'un flux magnétique, qui s'établit dans le circuit magnétique dû notamment à la présence des aimants 6, joint l'armature 7 à la culasse 5 transversalement à l'axe x-x'. Une petite asymétrie latérale de ce flux magnétique provoque un décalage latéral et une rotation selon l'axe x-x' de l'armature 7 vers la barre intermédiaire 3.2 de l'un des E, ce qui renforce l'asymétrie latérale de flux et donc d'efforts. Ces efforts parasites transversaux génèrent des frottements qui doivent être vaincus lors de la commande du déplacement de l'armature pour la faire passer de l'une de ses positions stables à son autre position stable. Il faut prévoir des pièces de guidage de l'armature, en matériau à faible coefficient de frottement, ces pièces sont insérées entre l'armature et l'extrémité libre de la barre transversale intermédiaire des E. Ces pièces requièrent au montage un positionnement précis, ce qui est délicat.A disadvantage of the actuator of Figure 1 is that a magnetic flux, which is established in the magnetic circuit due in particular to the presence of the magnets 6, joins the frame 7 to the yoke 5 transversely to the axis x- x '. A small lateral asymmetry of this magnetic flux causes a lateral shift and a rotation along the axis xx 'of the armature 7 towards the intermediate bar 3.2 of one of the E, which reinforces the lateral asymmetry of flux and therefore of 'efforts. These transverse parasitic forces generate friction which must be overcome when controlling the displacement of the armature to move it from one of its stable positions to its other stable position. It is necessary to provide guide parts of the armature, of low friction material, these parts are inserted between the armature and the free end of the intermediate transverse bar E. These parts require mounting a precise positioning, which is delicate.

Un autre inconvénient de cet actionneur est qu'il est encombrant et utilise beaucoup de matière pour une force portante donnée.Another disadvantage of this actuator is that it is bulky and uses a lot of material for a given bearing strength.

Encore un autre inconvénient de cet actionneur est que la course de son armature est limitée puisqu'elle se fait entre les barres transversales extrêmes d'un même E.Yet another disadvantage of this actuator is that the stroke of its armature is limited since it is between the extreme cross bars of the same E.

Dans les deux autres demandes de brevets citées, à certains moments qui dépendent de la position de l'armature, l'actionneur est également sujet à des efforts parasites radiaux et des frottements qu'il faut prendre en compte.In the other two patent applications cited, at certain times depending on the position of the armature, the actuator is also subject to radial parasitic forces and friction that must be taken into account.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un actionneur magnétique à aimant permanent « à géométrie plane » ne présentant pas les limitations et difficultés ci-dessus. Ce but est atteint en proposant un actionneur dans lequel la configuration du circuit magnétique est telle que le flux magnétique entrant et le flux magnétique sortant de l'armature sont orientés selon l'axe de la jambe intermédiaire et que l'on utilise les deux flux, ce qui permet d'augmenter la force portante de l'actionneur pour une même section de la jambe intermédiaire et de l'armature. On rappelle que la force portante de l'actionneur est la force qui s'exerce sur l'armature lors d'un mouvement de translation, elle s'exprime de manière approchée par F = 40.B2.A avec B induction de la bobine en Tesla, et A surface des entrefers entre l'armature et le reste du circuit magnétique en cm2. La force F s'exprime en Newton.The present invention aims to provide a permanent magnetic magnet actuator "flat geometry" does not have the limitations and difficulties above. This object is achieved by proposing an actuator in which the configuration of the magnetic circuit is such that the incoming magnetic flux and the magnetic flux exiting the armature are oriented along the axis of the intermediate leg and that the two flows are used. which makes it possible to increase the bearing force of the actuator for the same section of the intermediate leg and the armature. It is recalled that the bearing force of the actuator is the force exerted on the armature during a translation movement, it is expressed in an approximate manner by F = 40.B 2 .A with B induction of the coil in Tesla, and has surface gaps between the armature and the rest of the magnetic circuit in cm 2 . Force F is expressed in Newton.

Plus précisément l'actionneur selon l'invention comporte au moins une bobine entourée par un circuit magnétique possédant :

  • trois jambes dont deux sont extérieures et latérales à la bobine et une intermédiaire traverse la bobine, ces jambes étant sans contact mécanique direct les unes avec les autres,
  • ainsi que deux flasques en vis-à-vis reliant magnétiquement entre elles les trois jambes,
  • caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique se décompose en une armature mobile comportant au moins l'un des flasques et en une partie fixe incluant une culasse englobant au moins l'autre des flasques et au moins un aimant permanent, l'aimant permanent étant placé à une extrémité de la jambe intermédiaire du côté du flasque de la culasse.
More precisely, the actuator according to the invention comprises at least one coil surrounded by a magnetic circuit having:
  • three legs, two of which are external and lateral to the reel, and one intermediate passes through the reel, these legs being without direct mechanical contact with each other,
  • as well as two flanges vis-à-vis magnetically connecting the three legs,
  • characterized in that the magnetic circuit is broken down into a movable armature comprising at least one of the flanges and in a fixed part including a yoke including at least the other of the flanges and at least one permanent magnet, the permanent magnet being placed at one end of the intermediate leg on the flange side of the cylinder head.

L'armature et la partie fixe ont des formes sensiblement complémentaires au niveau des trois jambes.The frame and the fixed part have substantially complementary shapes at the level of the three legs.

Il est préférable pour une bonne circulation du flux magnétique que la partie fixe comporte de plus une pièce de guidage de flux insérée dans la jambe intermédiaire entre l'aimant et l'armature.It is preferable for a good circulation of the magnetic flux that the fixed part further comprises a flux guide piece inserted into the intermediate leg between the magnet and the armature.

La pièce de guidage de flux sera réalisée de préférence à base de fer.The flow guide piece will preferably be made of iron.

La pièce de guidage de flux peut se décomposer en deux parties, l'une à section sensiblement constante s'étendant à l'intérieur de la bobine et l'autre à section croissante s'étendant de la bobine à l'aimant.The flux guide piece can be broken down into two parts, one with a substantially constant section extending inside the coil and the other with increasing section extending from the coil to the magnet.

L'armature peut prendre la forme d'une plaque, d'un T, d'un U ou d'un E.The reinforcement can take the form of a plate, a T, a U or an E.

La culasse peut prendre la forme d'une plaque, d'un T, d'un U ou d'un E.The cylinder head can take the form of a plate, a T, a U or an E.

L'armature et/ou la culasse peuvent englober au moins partiellement la jambe intermédiaire et/ou les jambes latérales extérieures.The frame and / or the breech may at least partially encompass the intermediate leg and / or the outer lateral legs.

Dans une position fermée de l'actionneur, l'armature vient en contact mécanique contre la culasse, au moins au niveau des deux jambes latérales extérieures.In a closed position of the actuator, the armature comes into mechanical contact against the cylinder head, at least at the level of the two outer lateral legs.

Il est possible que la culasse et/ou l'armature soient feuilletées, cela facilite la modularité de réalisation de l'actionneur.It is possible that the cylinder head and / or the frame are laminated, this facilitates the modularity of realization of the actuator.

La culasse et/ou l'armature et/ou l'aimant permanent sont formés de plusieurs pièces accolées.The cylinder head and / or the frame and / or the permanent magnet are formed of several adjoining pieces.

Lorsque la culasse est en forme de U, elle peut être formée de deux pièces en L accolées face à face.When the yoke is U-shaped, it can be formed of two L-shaped pieces next to each other.

Lorsque l'armature est en forme de T, elle peut être formée de deux pièces en L accolées dos à dos.When the frame is T-shaped, it can be formed of two L-shaped pieces placed back to back.

Il est intéressant que le flasque de la culasse comporte une rainure à l'opposé de l'aimant, pour faciliter la fixation de l'actionneur sur un support.It is interesting that the flange of the cylinder head has a groove opposite the magnet, to facilitate the attachment of the actuator on a support.

L'actionneur peut être doté d'une ou plusieurs ailettes de fixation solidaires de la culasse.The actuator may be provided with one or more fastening vanes integral with the cylinder head.

La présente invention concerne également un mécanisme de commande de contacts d'une ou plusieurs ampoules à vide de disjoncteur qui comporte un actionneur ainsi défini.The present invention also relates to a contact control mechanism of one or more vacuum interrupter bulbs which comprises an actuator thus defined.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description d'exemples de réalisation donnés, à titre purement indicatif et nullement limitatif, en faisant référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente un actionneur de l'art antérieur ;
  • les figures 2A, 2B montrent en coupe premier exemple d'actionneur selon l'invention en position fermée et en position ouverte ;
  • les figures 3A à 3F montrent six nouveaux exemples d'actionneur selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 4A, 4B montrent un exemple de mécanisme de commande de contacts d'ampoules à vide doté d'un actionneur selon l'invention, cet actionneur étant en position fermée sur la figure 4A et ouverte sur la figure 4B ;
  • les figures 5A, 5B permettent de faire une comparaison des dimensions d'un actionneur de l'art antérieur et d'un actionneur selon l'invention.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description of exemplary embodiments given, purely by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows an actuator of the prior art;
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B show in section first example of actuator according to the invention in the closed position and in the open position;
  • FIGS. 3A to 3F show six new examples of actuator according to the invention;
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B show an example of a vacuum lamp contact control mechanism provided with an actuator according to the invention, this actuator being in the closed position in FIG. 4A and open in FIG. 4B;
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B make it possible to compare the dimensions of an actuator of the prior art with an actuator according to the invention.

Les différentes variantes doivent être comprises comme n'étant pas exclusives les unes des autres. Des parties identiques, similaires ou équivalentes des différentes figures décrites ci-après portent les mêmes références numériques de façon à faciliter le passage d'une figure à l'autre. Les différentes parties représentées sur les figures ne le sont pas nécessairement selon une échelle uniforme, pour rendre les figures plus lisibles.The different variants must be understood as not being exclusive of each other. Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures described below bear the same numerical references so as to facilitate the transition from one figure to another. The different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily in a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

On va décrire maintenant un premier exemple de configuration pour l'actionneur selon l'invention.We will now describe a first configuration example for the actuator according to the invention.

On se réfère aux figures 2A, 2B qui montrent des coupes d'un premier exemple d'un actionneur magnétique selon l'invention dans deux positions stables. Cet actionneur est bistable. Sur la figure 2A, il est dans une position stable sous l'action des efforts de couplage magnétique, il s'agit de la position fermée. Sur la figure 2B, il est dans l'autre position stable grâce à l'action de ressorts tendant à séparer armature et culasse, développant un effort supérieur à celui provenant du couplage magnétique dans cette position, il s'agit de la position ouverte.2A, 2B which show sections of a first example of a magnetic actuator according to the invention in two stable positions. This actuator is bistable. In Figure 2A, it is in a stable position under the action of magnetic coupling forces, it is the closed position. In Figure 2B, it is in the other stable position through the action of springs tending to separate armature and yoke, developing a force greater than that from the magnetic coupling in this position, it is the open position.

Par bistable, on veut dire que l'actionneur possède deux positions stables en l'absence de courant dans la bobine. On pourrait envisager que l'actionneur ne soit pas bistable. Par exemple, on pourrait prévoir de ne maintenir la position fermée que s'il circule encore un petit courant résiduel dans la bobine. La suppression de ce courant ferait basculer le bilan des forces et provoquerait l'ouverture de l'actionneur.By bistable, it means that the actuator has two stable positions in the absence of current in the coil. One could consider that the actuator is not bistable. For example, it could be expected to maintain the closed position if there still circulates a small residual current in the coil. The removal of this current would switch the balance of forces and cause the opening of the actuator.

L'actionneur comporte au moins une bobine 14 entourée par un circuit magnétique 10 possédant trois jambes 11, 12.1, 12.2 dont deux 12.1, 12.2 sont latérales et extérieures à la bobine 14 et une 11 est intermédiaire et traverse la bobine 14 au moins en position fermée. Il comporte deux flasques 17, 18 en vis-à-vis reliant magnétiquement les jambes 12.1, 12.2, 11 entre elles pour fermer le circuit magnétique 10 notamment lorsque l'actionneur est en position fermée. Les jambes 12.1, 12.2, 11 sont sans contact mécanique direct entre elles. Les deux jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2 sont orientées sensiblement perpendiculairement aux deux flasques 17, 18. Lorsque l'actionneur est en position ouverte stable, le circuit magnétique 10 est ouvert et trois entrefers g1, g2, g3 sont aménagés dans celui-ci, chaque jambe 12.1, 12.2, 11 coopérant avec un entrefer g1, g2, g3 respectivement. Ces entrefers g1, g2, g3 s'étendent dans la direction du mouvement de l'armature 21. La bobine 14 sert à générer une force magnétomotrice qui va renforcer ou diminuer le champs magnétique crée par l'aimant permanent 13 suivant que l'on souhaite provoquer l'ouverture ou la fermeture de l'actionneur.The actuator comprises at least one coil 14 surrounded by a magnetic circuit 10 having three legs 11, 12.1, 12.2 of which two 12.1, 12.2 are lateral and external to the coil 14 and 11 is intermediate and passes through the coil 14 at least in the closed position. It comprises two flanges 17, 18 vis-à-vis magnetically connecting the legs 12.1, 12.2, 11 between them to close the magnetic circuit 10 especially when the actuator is in the closed position. The legs 12.1, 12.2, 11 are without direct mechanical contact between them. The two outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 are oriented substantially perpendicular to the two flanges 17, 18. When the actuator is in the stable open position, the magnetic circuit 10 is open and three gaps g1, g2, g3 are arranged therein, each leg 12.1, 12.2, 11 cooperating with an air gap g1, g2, g3 respectively. These air gaps g1, g2, g3 extend in the direction of the movement of the armature 21. The coil 14 serves to generate a magnetomotive force which will strengthen or reduce the magnetic field created by the permanent magnet 13 according to which one wish to open or close the actuator.

Le circuit magnétique 10 est matérialisé par une partie fixe 200 comportant au moins une culasse 22, associée à au moins un aimant permanent 13, et par une partie mobile ou armature 21. La culasse 22 inclut au moins l'un des flasques 17 tandis que l'armature 21 inclut l'autre flasque 18. L'aimant permanent 13 se trouve à une extrémité de la jambe intermédiaire 11 du côté du flasque 17 de la culasse 22. L'aimant permanent 13 peut être de type terre rare par exemple à base de néodyme fer bore.The magnetic circuit 10 is embodied by a fixed part 200 comprising at least one yoke 22, associated with at least one permanent magnet 13, and with a movable part or frame 21. The yoke 22 includes at least one of the flanges 17 while the armature 21 includes the other flange 18. The permanent magnet 13 is at one end of the intermediate leg 11 on the side of the flange 17 of the cylinder head 22. The permanent magnet 13 may be of the rare earth type for example to neodymium iron boron base.

La partie mobile 21 et la partie fixe 200 ont des formes sensiblement complémentaires de manière à ce que le circuit magnétique 10 puisse être fermé, en minimisant les distances d'entrefers, au moins en position fermée de l'actionneur magnétique.The movable portion 21 and the fixed portion 200 have substantially complementary shapes so that the magnetic circuit 10 can be closed, minimizing the air gap distances, at least in the closed position of the magnetic actuator.

Les flèches tracées sur la figure 2A montrent le flux magnétique qui entre et qui sort de l'armature 21. Ce flux est dirigé dans la direction du déplacement de l'armature 21 mais n'a pas forcément le même sens que la force qui s'applique sur l'armature 21 et donc que le déplacement de l'armature 21. Ce flux n'a à aucun moment de composante transversale au déplacement. Cette caractéristique n'existait pas dans l'art antérieur.The arrows drawn in FIG. 2A show the magnetic flux that enters and leaves the armature 21. This flow is directed in the direction of the displacement of the armature 21 but does not necessarily have the same meaning as the force that applies to the armature 21 and therefore the displacement of the armature 21. This flux has no moment of component transverse displacement. This characteristic did not exist in the prior art.

Il est préférable que la partie fixe 200 comporte de plus une pièce de guidage de flux magnétique 15, insérée entre l'aimant permanent 13 et l'armature 21. Cette pièce de guidage de flux 15 est une partie de la jambe intermédiaire 11. Elle sert à concentrer le flux magnétique provenant de l'aimant 13 vers l'armature 21. Cette pièce de guidage de flux 15 contribue à délimiter l'un des entrefers g3. Cette pièce de guidage de flux 15 sera réalisée de préférence en acier, car ce matériau possède une induction maximum dont la valeur est environ double de celle de l'aimant permanent de type terre rare. La force d'attraction ou force portante étant proportionnelle au carré de l'induction comme expliqué plus haut, on a intérêt à travailler à un niveau d'induction maximal au niveau de l'entrefer g3.It is preferable that the fixed part 200 further comprises a magnetic flux guide piece 15, inserted between the permanent magnet 13 and the armature 21. This flow guide piece 15 is a part of the intermediate leg 11. It is used to concentrate the magnetic flux from the magnet 13 to the frame 21. This flow guiding piece 15 contributes to delimiting one of the air gaps g3. This flux guide piece 15 will preferably be made of steel, because this material has a maximum induction whose value is approximately double that of the rare earth permanent magnet. The attraction force or bearing force being proportional to the square of the induction as explained above, it is advantageous to work at a maximum level of induction at the gap g3.

Sur l'exemple des figures 2A et 2B, l'armature 21 est en forme de T et la culasse 22 en forme de U. Le T comporte une barre principale 21.4 et une barre transversale. La barre principale 21.4 est une partie de la jambe intermédiaire 11 et la barre transversale est le flasque 18. Le U comporte deux côtés et un fond. Les côtés du U sont les jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2 et le fond du U est le flasque 17. La jambe intermédiaire 11 est formée depuis le flasque 17 de la culasse 22 : de l'aimant 13, de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et de la barre principale 21.4 de l'armature 21. L'aimant permanent 13 est sensiblement parallélépipédique et la pièce de guidage de flux 15 également. D'autres formes seraient possibles pour la pièce de guidage de flux 15 comme illustré sur les figures 3.In the example of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the armature 21 is T-shaped and the yoke 22 is U-shaped. The T comprises a main bar 21.4 and a transverse bar. The main bar 21.4 is a part of the intermediate leg 11 and the crossbar is the flange 18. The U has two sides and a bottom. The sides of the U are the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the bottom of the U is the flange 17. The intermediate leg 11 is formed from the flange 17 of the yoke 22: the magnet 13, the flow guide piece 15 and the main bar 21.4 of the armature 21. The permanent magnet 13 is substantially parallelepipedal and the flow guide piece 15 also. Other shapes would be possible for the flow guiding part 15 as illustrated in FIGS.

Les entrefers g1 et g2 sont situés entre les extrémités libres des côtés du U de la culasse 21 et les extrémités en regard de la barre transversale 18 du T de l'armature 21. Le troisième entrefer g3 est situé entre l'extrémité libre de la barre principale 21.4 du T de l'armature 21 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15. Le couplage entre cet entrefer g3 et la bobine 14 est bon ce qui permet de réduire la puissance électrique ou mécanique nécessaire pour l'ouverture.The gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the yoke 21 and the ends facing the transverse bar 18 of the T of the armature 21. The third gap g3 is located between the free end of the yoke 21. 21.4 main bar of the frame 21 and the flow guide piece 15. The coupling between the air gap g3 and the coil 14 is good which reduces the electrical or mechanical power required for opening.

Lorsque l'actionneur est fermé comme sur la figure 2A, l'armature 21 est en butée contre la culasse 22, et le contact mécanique se fait préférentiellement entre le flasque 18 de l'armature 21 et les extrémités des deux côtés du U de la culasse 22 plutôt qu'entre l'armature 21 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15. On évite ainsi d'éventuels chocs au niveau de l'aimant 13 qui est fragile. De toute façon, la pièce de guidage de flux 15, si elle est présente, sert de protection pour l'aimant 13. Lorsque le contact se fait entre l'armature 21 et la culasse 22, l'entrefer g3 est aussi petit que possible. Il pourrait même être nul. Les entrefers g1 et g2 déterminent la course de l'armature 21.When the actuator is closed as in FIG. 2A, the armature 21 is in abutment with the bolt 22, and the mechanical contact is preferably between the flange 18 of the armature 21 and the ends of the two sides of the U of the armature. 22 rather than between the armature 21 and the flux guide piece 15. thus avoiding possible shocks at the magnet 13 which is fragile. In any case, the flux guide piece 15, if present, serves as protection for the magnet 13. When the contact is made between the frame 21 and the yoke 22, the gap g3 is as small as possible . It could even be nil. The gaps g1 and g2 determine the travel of the frame 21.

La culasse 22 peut être réalisée à l'aide de plusieurs pièces accolées. Ces pièces peuvent être parallélépipédiques. Il peut s'agir dans l'exemple des figures 2A, 2B du flasque 17 et des deux jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2. Ces pièces 17, 12.1, 12.2 peuvent être massives ou feuilletées, c'est à dire formées d'un empilement de plaques. En variante, il est possible que la culasse 22 soit formée d'une paire de pièces en L mises face à face pour former le U. Ces pièces en L sont alors symétriques par rapport à un plan de symétrie xoz du T de l'armature 21. Ces pièces en L peuvent être massives ou feuilletées.The breech 22 can be made using several pieces contiguous. These pieces can be parallelepipedic. It may be in the example of Figures 2A, 2B of the flange 17 and the two outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2. These parts 17, 12.1, 12.2 can be massive or laminated, that is to say formed of a stack of plates. Alternatively, it is possible that the yoke 22 is formed of a pair of L-shaped parts placed face to face to form the U. These L-shaped parts are then symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry xoz of the T of the armature 21. These L-shaped pieces can be massive or laminated.

De la même manière, l'armature 21 peut être formée de plusieurs pièces parallélépipédiques accolées. Dans l'exemple il s'agit du flasque 18 et de la barre principale 21.4 du T. Ces pièces peuvent être massives ou feuilletées. En variante, l'armature 21 peut être formée d'une paire de pièces en L mises dos à dos. Ces pièces en L sont alors symétriques par rapport au plan de symétrie. Ces pièces en L peuvent être massives ou feuilletées. L'avantage d'utiliser pour la culasse et l'armature des pièces feuilletées est que l'on peut en empiler plus ou moins pour former une gamme de plusieurs actionneurs.In the same way, the armature 21 may be formed of several parallelepipedal parts contiguous. In the example it is the flange 18 and the main bar 21.4 T. These parts can be massive or laminated. Alternatively, the frame 21 may be formed of a pair of L-pieces placed back to back. These L-shaped parts are then symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry. These L-shaped pieces can be massive or laminated. The advantage of using for the cylinder head and the frame of the laminated pieces is that it can be stacked more or less to form a range of several actuators.

En ce qui concerne l'aimant 13, il peut être formé d'un bloc ou de plusieurs accolés, ces blocs étant parallélépipédiques. Cette caractéristique ne se voit pas sur les figures 2, les pièces pourraient être à la suite les unes des autres dans le plan de la feuille. Elle est schématisée sur la figure 5B.Regarding the magnet 13, it may be formed of a block or several contiguous, these blocks being parallelepipedic. This characteristic can not be seen in FIGS. 2, the pieces could be following one another in the plane of the sheet. It is shown schematically in FIG. 5B.

De la sorte plusieurs actionneurs ayant des forces portantes différentes peuvent être réalisés en ajustant l'épaisseur d'empilage des pièces en L à la fois de l'armature et de la culasse.In this way, several actuators having different load-bearing forces can be made by adjusting the stacking thickness of the L-shaped parts of both the armature and the cylinder head.

Il est possible de prévoir dans une partie médiane du flasque 17 de la culasse 22, une rainure 16, à l'opposé de l'aimant 13. Cette rainure 16 pourra permettre de fixer l'actionneur à un dispositif externe. On peut aussi en alternative ou en combinaison fixer une ou plusieurs ailettes 42 sur la culasse 22. Ces ailettes 42 pourront être placées au niveau des jambes latérales extérieures, en bout de l'empilement (si la culasse est feuilletée). Ces ailettes 42 assurent la rigidité de l'actionneur et permettent sa fixation. Les ailettes 42 sont visibles sur les figures 4A, 4B.It is possible to provide in a middle portion of the flange 17 of the yoke 22, a groove 16, opposite the magnet 13. This groove 16 may allow to fix the actuator to an external device. Alternatively or in combination can be fixed one or more fins 42 on the cylinder head 22. These fins 42 may be placed at the outer lateral legs at the end of the stack (if the cylinder head is laminated). These fins 42 provide the rigidity of the actuator and allow its attachment. The fins 42 are visible in Figures 4A, 4B.

On va voir maintenant en se référant aux figures 3A à 3F d'autres variantes d'un actionneur selon l'invention.We will now see with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3F other variants of an actuator according to the invention.

Sur la figure 3A, la culasse 22, l'armature 21 et l'aimant 13 ont des formes similaires à celles montrées sur les figures 2A, 2B. La pièce de guidage de flux 15 a une section non constante: sa face en vis à vis de l'aimant permanent 13 est plus grande que celle face à l'armature 21 pour concentrer de manière efficace le flux magnétique vers l'armature 21. Sa section est décroissante de manière continue depuis l'aimant 13 jusqu'à l'armature 21. Les faces en vis à vis de l'armature 21 et de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 sont sensiblement égales dans la configuration décrite. Ce n'est pas une obligation.In FIG. 3A, the yoke 22, the frame 21 and the magnet 13 have shapes similar to those shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B. The flow guide piece 15 has a non-constant section: its face facing The screw of the permanent magnet 13 is larger than that facing the armature 21 to efficiently concentrate the magnetic flux to the armature 21. Its section decreases continuously from the magnet 13 to the armature 21. The faces opposite the armature 21 and the flow guide part 15 are substantially equal in the described configuration. It's not an obligation.

Sur la figure 3B, l'armature 21 est en forme de plaque, ce qui correspond au flasque 18. La partie fixe 200 comporte la culasse 22 en forme de U, l'aimant permanent 13 et la partie de guidage de flux 15. La culasse 22 en forme de U est similaire à celle des figures 2A, 2B. La jambe intermédiaire 11 n'est formée que de l'aimant permanent 13 et de la pièce de guidage de flux 15. En ce qui concerne la pièce de guidage de flux 15, elle comporte deux parties 15.1, 15.2 qui se rejoignent alors qu'elles sont bout à bout, une première partie 15.1 ayant une section sensiblement constante et une seconde partie 15.2 ayant une section décroissante entre l'aimant 13 et l'armature 21. La seconde partie à section décroissante 15.2 se trouve entre l'aimant 13 et la bobine 14. Les deux parties 15.1, 15.2 n'ont pas la même section au niveau de la jonction. La seconde partie 15.2 a une section plus grande que celle de la première partie 15.1. La seconde partie 15.2 de la pièce de guidage de flux peut ainsi servir d'appui à la bobine 14.In FIG. 3B, the armature 21 is in the form of a plate, which corresponds to the flange 18. The fixed part 200 comprises the U-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the flux-guiding portion 15. U-shaped yoke 22 is similar to that of FIGS. 2A, 2B. The intermediate leg 11 is formed only of the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15. With regard to the flow guide piece 15, it comprises two parts 15.1, 15.2 which meet while they are end-to-end, a first portion 15.1 having a substantially constant section and a second portion 15.2 having a decreasing section between the magnet 13 and the armature 21. The second part with decreasing section 15.2 is between the magnet 13 and the reel 14. The two parts 15.1, 15.2 do not have the same section at the junction. The second part 15.2 has a larger section than that of the first part 15.1. The second part 15.2 of the flow guide piece can thus serve as a support for the coil 14.

Les entrefers g1 et g2 sont situés entre les extrémités libres des côtés du U de la culasse 22 et le flasque 18 de l'armature 21. Le troisième entrefer g3 est situé entre l'extrémité libre de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et le flasque 18 de l'armature 21.The gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the yoke 22 and the flange 18 of the frame 21. gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the flange 18 of the frame 21.

Sur la figure 3C, l'armature 21 a une forme de U, elle englobe les deux jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2 et le flasque 18. La partie fixe 200 comporte la culasse 22 en forme de plaque ce qui correspond au flasque 17, l'aimant permanent 13 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15. La jambe intermédiaire 11 n'est formée que de l'aimant permanent 13 et de la pièce de guidage de flux 15. Cette pièce de guidage de flux 15 est similaire à celle de la figure 3B. Les entrefers g1 et g2 sont situés entre les extrémités libres des côtés du U de l'armature 21 et le flasque 18 de la culasse 22. Le troisième entrefer g3 est situé entre l'extrémité libre de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et le flasque 18 de l'armature 21.In FIG. 3C, the armature 21 has a U-shape, it includes the two outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the flange 18. The fixed part 200 comprises the plate-shaped yoke 22 which corresponds to the flange 17, permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide member 15. The intermediate leg 11 is formed only of the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15. This flux guide piece 15 is similar to that of Figure 3B. The gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the frame 21 and the flange 18 of the yoke 22. The third air gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the flange 18 of the frame 21.

Sur la figure 3D, l'armature 21 est en forme de E, elle englobe deux tronçons extrêmes 21.1, 21.2, un tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 et le flasque 18. Chaque tronçon extrême 21.1, 21.2 est un premier tronçon d'une des jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2, le tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 est un premier tronçon de la jambe intermédiaire 11. La partie fixe 200 comporte la culasse 22 en forme de U, l'aimant permanent 13 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15. La culasse 22 englobe un second tronçon 22.1, 22.2 de chacune des jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2 et le flasque 18. La jambe intermédiaire 11 est formée, depuis le flasque 17 de la culasse 22, de l'aimant permanent 13, de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et du tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 de l'armature 21. Cette pièce de guidage de flux 15 est similaire à celle des figures 2A, 2B mais sa longueur est moindre à cause de la présence du tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 de l'armature 21. Les entrefers g1 et g2 sont situés entre les extrémités libres des côtés du U de la culasse 22 et les extrémités des tronçons extrêmes 21.1, 21.2 de l'armature 21. Le troisième entrefer g3 est situé entre l'extrémité libre de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et le tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 de l'armature mobile 21.In FIG. 3D, the armature 21 is E-shaped, it includes two end sections 21.1, 21.2, an intermediate section 21.3 and the flange 18. Each end section 21.1, 21.2 is a first section of one of the outer lateral legs. 12.1, 12.2, the intermediate section 21.3 is a first section of the intermediate leg 11. The fixed part 200 comprises the U-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15. The yoke 22 includes a second section 22.1, 22.2 of each of the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the flange 18. The intermediate leg 11 is formed, from the flange 17 of the yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13, the flow guide piece 15 and intermediate portion 21.3 of the armature 21. This flux guide piece 15 is similar to that of FIGS. 2A, 2B, but its length is less because of the presence of the intermediate section 21.3 of the armature 21. The air gaps g1 and g2 are located between the free ends of the sides of the U of the yoke 22 and the ends of the end sections 21.1, 21.2 of the armature 21. The third air gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the intermediate section 21.3 of the mobile armature 21.

Sur la figure 3E, l'armature 21 est similaire à celle représentée sur la figure 3D. La partie fixe 200 comporte la culasse 22 en forme de E, l'aimant permanent 13 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15. La culasse 22 englobe deux tronçons extrêmes 22.1, 22.2, un tronçon intermédiaire 22.3, et le flasque 18. Chaque tronçon extrême 22.1, 22.2 est un second tronçon de l'une des jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2. Le tronçon intermédiaire 22.3 de la culasse 22 est un second tronçon de la jambe intermédiaire 11 qui comporte en outre, depuis ce second tronçon, l'aimant 13, la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et le tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 de l'armature 21. La pièce de guidage de flux 15 est similaire à celle de la figure 3D mais sa longueur est moindre à cause de la présence du tronçon intermédiaire 22.3 de la culasse 22. Les entrefers g1 et g2 sont situés entre les extrémités des tronçons extrêmes 22.1, 22.2 de la culasse 22 et les extrémités des tronçons extrêmes 21.1, 21.2 de l'armature 21. Le troisième entrefer g3 est situé entre l'extrémité libre de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et le tronçon intermédiaire 21.3 de l'armature 21.In FIG. 3E, the armature 21 is similar to that shown in FIG. 3D. The fixed part 200 comprises the E-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15. The yoke 22 includes two end sections 22.1, 22.2, an intermediate section 22.3, and the flange 18. Each section 22.1, 22.2 is a second section of one of the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2. The intermediate section 22.3 of the yoke 22 is a second section of the intermediate leg 11 which further comprises, from this second section, the magnet 13, the flow guide piece 15 and the intermediate section 21.3 of the frame 21. The flow guiding part 15 is similar to that of FIG. 3D but its length is less because of the presence of the intermediate section 22.3 of the cylinder head 22. The air gaps g1 and g2 are located between the ends of the end sections 22.1, 22.2 of the breech 22 and the ends of the end portions 21.1, 21.2 of the armature 21. The third gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guiding part 15 and the intermediate section 21.3 of the frame 21.

Sur la figure 3F, l'armature 21 est similaire à celle représentée sur la figure 3C, elle est en forme de U. La partie fixe 200 comporte la culasse 22 en forme de T, l'aimant permanent 13 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15. La culasse 22 en T comporte une barre principale 22.4 et une barre transversale qui est le flasque 17. La barre principale 22.4 est une partie de la jambe intermédiaire 11. L'armature 21 en U comporte deux côtés et un fond. Les côtés du U forment les jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2 et le fond du U est le flasque 18.In FIG. 3F, the armature 21 is similar to that shown in FIG. 3C, it is U-shaped. The fixed part 200 comprises the T-shaped yoke 22, the permanent magnet 13 and the guide piece of FIG. 15. The breech 22 T comprises a main bar 22.4 and a crossbar which is the flange 17. The main bar 22.4 is a part of the intermediate leg 11. The U-shaped frame 21 has two sides and a bottom. The sides of the U form the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 and the bottom of the U is the flange 18.

La jambe intermédiaire 11 est formée depuis le flasque 17 de la culasse 22 : de la barre principale 22.4 de la culasse 22, de l'aimant 13 et de la pièce de guidage de flux 15. Les entrefers g1 et g2 sont situés entre la barre transversale 17 de la culasse 22 et les extrémités des jambes latérales extérieures 12.1, 12.2 de l'armature 21. Le troisième entrefer g3 est situé entre l'extrémité libre de la pièce de guidage de flux 15 et le flasque 18 l'armature 21. Une ou plusieurs bobines 14 entourent l'ensemble de la jambe intermédiaire 11.The intermediate leg 11 is formed from the flange 17 of the yoke 22: the main bar 22.4 of the yoke 22, the magnet 13 and the flux guide piece 15. The air gaps g1 and g2 are located between the bar transverse 17 of the yoke 22 and the ends of the outer lateral legs 12.1, 12.2 of the armature 21. The third gap g3 is located between the free end of the flow guide piece 15 and the flange 18 the frame 21. One or more coils 14 surround the assembly of the intermediate leg 11.

On va maintenant s'intéresser en se référant aux figures 4A, 4B, à un mécanisme de commande dans lequel l'actionneur selon l'invention prend place. Sur la figure 4A, l'actionneur est fermé et sur la figure 4B il est ouvert.We will now be interested with reference to FIGS. 4A, 4B, to a control mechanism in which the actuator according to the invention takes place. In FIG. 4A, the actuator is closed and in FIG. 4B it is open.

Ce mécanisme de commande peut être utilisé pour la commande de disjoncteurs à vide moyenne et haute tension. Ces disjoncteurs comportent une ou plusieurs paires de contacts 32 placés dans une ampoule à vide 35, parmi ces contacts 32, un 32.1 est mobile et l'autre 32.2 est fixe.This control mechanism can be used for the control of medium vacuum circuit breakers and high tension. These circuit breakers comprise one or more pairs of contacts 32 placed in a vacuum interrupter 35, among these contacts 32, a 32.1 is mobile and the other 32.2 is fixed.

Ce mécanisme de commande comporte un premier barreau 27 à relier rigidement à l'armature 21 au niveau de son flasque 18. Ce premier barreau 27 est solidaire d'une paire d'axes 28 sensiblement perpendiculaires, placés vers ses extrémités de part et d'autre de l'actionneur. Ces axes 28 sont solidaires d'autant de leviers 34 que d'ampoules à vide 35 via un second barreau 30. Ces leviers 34 sont destinés à transmettre un mouvement, dépendant du mouvement de l'armature 21, à chaque contact mobile 32.1 d'une ampoule à vide 35 du disjoncteur. Ces axes 28 servent de guides à des ressorts d'ouverture 29. Sur ce premier barreau 27 se connecte également un système de guidage extérieur 41 de type barre anti-torsion, le premier barreau 27 étant apte à pivoter latéralement autour de la barre anti-torsion 41. Le premier barreau 27 est monté sensiblement parallèlement à la barre anti-torsion 41. A cause de ce mouvement autour du système de guidage 41, le premier barreau 27 est amené à entraîner l'armature 21 en un mouvement en arc de cercle au lieu d'un véritable mouvement de translation. L'actionneur n'étant pas sujet à un flux radial, ce mouvement de l'armature 21 n'est pas un inconvénient. Des ressorts de contact 33 sont montés, chacun sur un axe 40 qui relie un levier 34 au contact mobile 32.1 du disjoncteur.This control mechanism comprises a first bar 27 to rigidly connect to the armature 21 at its flange 18. This first bar 27 is integral with a pair of substantially perpendicular axes 28, placed towards its ends on the side and side. other of the actuator. These axes 28 are integral with as many levers 34 as vacuum bulbs 35 via a second bar 30. These levers 34 are intended to transmit a movement, depending on the movement of the armature 21, to each movable contact 32.1. a vacuum interrupter 35 of the circuit breaker. These pins 28 serve as guides to the opening springs 29. On this first bar 27 is also connected an external guide system 41 anti-torsion bar type, the first bar 27 being able to pivot laterally around the anti-torsion bar. 41. The first bar 27 is mounted substantially parallel to the anti-torsion bar 41. Because of this movement around the guide system 41, the first bar 27 is caused to drive the frame 21 in a circular arc motion instead of a true translational movement. The actuator is not subject to a radial flow, this movement of the frame 21 is not a disadvantage. Contact springs 33 are mounted, each on an axis 40 which connects a lever 34 to the movable contact 32.1 of the circuit breaker.

Le fonctionnement du mécanisme de commande est le suivant. On suppose que l'actionneur est en position ouverte. Les contacts 32 de chaque ampoule à vide 35 sont maintenus en position ouverte à l'aide des ressorts d'ouverture 29 qui sont en extension. Ils sont destinés à vaincre la force, due à la pression atmosphérique, s'exerçant sur les contacts 32 de l'ampoule à vide 35, cette force étant supérieure à la force magnétique exercée entre l'armature 21 et la culasse 22. Pour obtenir la fermeture de l'actionneur et donc la fermeture des contacts 32 des ampoules à vide 35, un courant est injecté dans la bobine 14. Ce courant peut provenir de la décharge d'un condensateur (non représenté) monté aux bornes de la bobine 14. Ce courant renforce le champ magnétique créé dans les entrefers g1, g2, g3 par l'aimant permanent 13. La force d'attraction qui s'applique sur l'armature 21 augmente et devient supérieure aux forces mécaniques qui s'opposent au mouvement de l'armature 21. L'armature 21 commence à se déplacer entraînant les contacts mobiles 32.1 des ampoules à vide 35. La force d'attraction de l'armature 21 vers la pièce de guidage de flux 15 suit une loi complexe qui dépend de la longueur des entrefers g1, g2 qui définissent la course de l'armature 21 et de l'amplitude du courant circulant dans la bobine 14. La force qui s'oppose au déplacement de l'armature 21 varie durant la course de l'actionneur notamment lors du toucher des contacts 32 des ampoules à vide 35. Des moyens de calcul modernes permettent de simuler complètement le comportement du système et de l'optimiser.The operation of the control mechanism is as follows. It is assumed that the actuator is in the open position. The contacts 32 of each vacuum interrupter 35 are held in the open position by means of the opening springs 29 which are in extension. They are intended to overcome the force, due to the atmospheric pressure, being exerted on the contacts 32 of the vacuum interrupter 35, this force being greater than the magnetic force exerted between the armature 21 and the cylinder head 22. To obtain closing the actuator and thus closing the contacts 32 of the vacuum interrupters 35, a current is injected into the coil 14. This current may come from the discharge of a capacitor (not shown) mounted across the coil 14 This current strengthens the magnetic field created in the gaps g1, g2, g3 by the permanent magnet 13. The attractive force that applies to the armature 21 increases and becomes greater than the mechanical forces that oppose the movement. of the armature 21. The armature 21 begins to move causing the movable contacts 32.1 of the vacuum bulbs 35. The attractive force of the armature 21 towards the flux guide piece 15 follows a complex law which depends on the length of the gaps g1, g2 which define the travel of the armature 21 and the amplitude of the current flowing in the coil 14. The force which opposes the displacement of the armature 21 varies during the stroke of the actuator, especially when touching the contacts 32 Vacuum bulbs 35. Modern calculation means make it possible to completely simulate the behavior of the system and to optimize it.

L'actionneur et les contacts 32 des ampoules à vide 35 sont maintenus fermés par la force magnétique exercée par l'armature 21, elle provient du champ magnétique crée par l'aimant permanent (non visible sur les figures 4) dans l'entrefer g3 minimum. Il n'y a plus besoin de circulation de courant dans la bobine 14. A ce stade, les ressorts de contact 33 et les ressorts d'ouverture 29 sont comprimés.The actuator and the contacts 32 of the vacuum bulbs 35 are kept closed by the magnetic force exerted by the armature 21, it comes from the magnetic field created by the permanent magnet (not visible in FIGS. 4) in the gap g3 minimum. There is no longer any need for current flow in the coil 14. At this stage, the contact springs 33 and the opening springs 29 are compressed.

L'ouverture de l'actionneur et donc des contacts 32 des ampoules à vide 35 est initiée par une circulation de courant dans la bobine 14. Cette circulation de courant se fait en sens inverse que lors de la fermeture de l'actionneur, elle crée un champ magnétique qui s'oppose au champ magnétique de l'aimant. Cette circulation de courant provient de la décharge du condensateur associé avec un inverseur de polarité, ou de la décharge d'un autre condensateur (non représenté) ou même du réseau électrique, car l'énergie requise est faible.The opening of the actuator and therefore of the contacts 32 of the vacuum bulbs 35 is initiated by a current flow in the coil 14. This current flow is in the opposite direction that when the actuator closes, it creates a magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field of the magnet. This flow of current comes from the discharge of the capacitor associated with a polarity inverter, or the discharge of another capacitor (not shown) or even the electrical network, because the required energy is low.

Lorsqu'il y a plusieurs bobines 14, l'une peut servir pour l'ouverture de l'actionneur et l'autre pour sa fermeture. S'il n' y en a qu'une, elle devra être parcourue par un courant dans un sens ou dans l'autre selon que l'on souhaite l'ouverture ou la fermeture de l'actionneur. Sur les figures 3A à 3D, on a représenté deux bobines et sur les figures 3E et 3F il n'y en a qu'une.When there are several coils 14, one can be used for opening the actuator and the other for closing. If there is only one, it must be traversed by a current in one direction or the other depending on whether you want the opening or closing of the actuator. In Figures 3A to 3D, there is shown two coils and in Figures 3E and 3F there is only one.

La force magnétique portante diminue et devient inférieure aux forces mécaniques appliquées sur l'armature 21 via les axes 28 et le premier barreau 27. L'armature 21 s'accélère sous l'action des ressorts de contact 33 et d'ouverture 29 qui se décompriment. La séparation des contacts 32 des ampoules à vide 35 doit se faire avec une vitesse suffisante de manière à couper un éventuel arc électrique qui pourrait se produire. Contrairement à d'autres architectures de l'art antérieur, l'actionneur ne fournit pratiquement pas d'énergie lors de l'ouverture et les ressorts doivent être dimensionnés en conséquence.The magnetic bearing force decreases and becomes smaller than the mechanical forces applied to the armature 21 via the pins 28 and the first bar 27. The armature 21 accelerates under the action of the springs of contact 33 and opening 29 which are decompressed. The separation of the contacts 32 from the vacuum bulbs 35 must be done with a sufficient speed so as to cut off any arcing that may occur. Unlike other architectures of the prior art, the actuator provides virtually no energy during opening and the springs must be dimensioned accordingly.

Le guidage de l'armature 21 se fait à l'aide de la barre anti-torsion 41 et des leviers 34 qui transmettent le mouvement aux contacts mobiles 32.1 des ampoules à vide 35.The guide of the armature 21 is made using the anti-torsion bar 41 and the levers 34 which transmit the movement to the movable contacts 32.1 of the vacuum bulbs 35.

Il est possible de se passer du courant dans la bobine 14 pour obtenir l'ouverture en appliquant un effort mécanique externe sur le premier barreau 27 ou sur une pièce (non représentée) rigidement liée à l'armature mobile 21, cet effort étant suffisant pour s'opposer à la force magnétique qui s'applique sur l'armature 21. La vitesse de séparation des contacts des ampoules à vide est la même lors d'une manoeuvre électrique et d'une manoeuvre manuelle de secours. La bobine n'apporte pas d'énergie mais des ressorts d'ouverture dimensionnés en conséquence doivent être prévus.It is possible to dispense with the current in the coil 14 to obtain the opening by applying an external mechanical force on the first bar 27 or on a part (not shown) rigidly connected to the movable armature 21, this effort being sufficient to to oppose the magnetic force that applies to the armature 21. The speed of separation of the contacts of the vacuum bulbs is the same during an electric maneuver and a manual emergency maneuver. The coil does not provide power, but accordingly sized aperture springs must be provided.

Les figures 5A, 5B permettent de faire une comparaison dimensionnelle entre deux actionneurs magnétiques, l'un étant conforme à celui décrit dans la demande de brevet WO 96/32734 (figure 5A) et l'autre étant conforme à l'invention (figure 5B). L'actionneur de la figure 5A possède une force portante de 20 000N et celui de la figure 5B une force portante de 22 000N. Les dimensions hors tout de l'actionneur de la figure 5A sont L = 166mm, H = 221mm, P = 400mm, tandis que celles de l'actionneur de la figure 5B sont L = 197mm, H = 205mm, P = 220mm. L'encombrement moindre de l'actionneur selon l'invention n'est pas contestable.FIGS. 5A, 5B make it possible to make a dimensional comparison between two magnetic actuators, one being in accordance with that described in the patent application WO 96/32734 (Figure 5A) and the other being in accordance with the invention (Figure 5B). The actuator of FIG. 5A has a bearing load of 20,000N and that of FIG. 5B a bearing load of 22,000N. The overall dimensions of the actuator of Figure 5A are L = 166mm, H = 221mm, P = 400mm, while those of the actuator of Figure 5B are L = 197mm, H = 205mm, P = 220mm. The smaller size of the actuator according to the invention is not questionable.

On a vu que l'architecture de l'actionneur qui prend en compte les flux entrant et sortant de l'armature 21 permet de doubler la force portante pour une section identique de la jambe intermédiaire. La quantité de matière utilisée grâce à cette architecture est réduite par rapport à cette utilisée dans l'architecture décrite dans la demande de brevet WO 96/32734 . Un tel actionneur aura un bilan favorable en termes environnemental. La section de la culasse est d'environ 130% de celle de la jambe intermédiaire car le flux qui traverse la culasse est le même que celui qui traverse la jambe intermédiaire. Pour le même nombre de tours et la même résistance, la section de la bobine peut être réduite par rapport à celle de la demande de brevet WO 96/32734 car la longueur d'une spire de la bobine est proportionnelle au périmètre de la section de la jambe intermédiaire. La caractéristique force-position de l'actionneur selon l'invention le rend particulièrement bien adapté pour la commande de disjoncteurs à vide.It has been seen that the architecture of the actuator which takes into account the inflows and outflows of the armature 21 makes it possible to double the load-bearing force for an identical section of the intermediate leg. The amount of material used by this architecture is reduced compared to that used in the architecture described in the patent application. WO 96/32734 . Such an actuator will have a favorable balance in environmental terms. The section of the breech is about 130% of that of the intermediate leg because the flow through the breech is the same as that through the intermediate leg. For the same number of turns and the same resistance, the section of the coil can be reduced compared to that of the patent application WO 96/32734 because the length of a turn of the coil is proportional to the perimeter of the section of the intermediate leg. The force-position characteristic of the actuator according to the invention makes it particularly suitable for controlling vacuum circuit-breakers.

Les inconvénients liés aux efforts parasites pouvant s'appliquer sur l'armature n'existent pas dans la structure de l'actionneur selon l'invention. Les pièces de guidage à faible coefficient de frottement difficiles à installer sont superflues. L'actionneur est beaucoup moins sujet à des efforts magnétiques parasites en cas de défaut de positionnement de l'armature. La course de l'armature peut facilement être ajustée, la culasse ne limite pas cette course comme dans l'actionneur de la demande de brevet WO 96/32734 .The drawbacks associated with the parasitic forces that can be applied to the armature do not exist in the structure of the actuator according to the invention. Guiding parts with a low coefficient of friction that are difficult to install are superfluous. The actuator is much less subject to effort parasitic magnetic in case of defective positioning of the armature. The stroke of the frame can easily be adjusted, the breech does not limit this race as in the actuator of the patent application WO 96/32734 .

Un avantage appréciable de l'actionneur selon l'invention par rapport à celui décrit dans la demande de brevet EP-A-1 225 609 est que plusieurs actionneurs ayant des forces portantes différents peuvent être aisément obtenus en utilisant plus ou moins de pièces pour construire la culasse, l'armature, et l'aimant. Ces pièces sont de forme simples, il n'y a pas de pièces en forme d'arc de cercle comme on en retrouve dans la demande de brevet EP-A-1 225 609 . L'assemblage de ces pièces est simple. L'entrefer g3 entre l'armature 21 et la pièce de guidage de flux 15 est facilement maîtrisable car la chaîne de côtes comporte moins d'éléments que dans la configuration de la demande de brevet EP-A-1 225 609 . Aucun ajustement n'est nécessaire, ce qui n'était pas le cas antérieurement où des filetages d'ajustement étaient utilisés.An appreciable advantage of the actuator according to the invention compared to that described in the patent application EP-A-1,225,609 That is, multiple actuators having different load-bearing forces can be easily obtained by using more or fewer parts to construct the yoke, the frame, and the magnet. These pieces are simple in shape, there are no arc-shaped pieces as found in the patent application EP-A-1,225,609 . The assembly of these parts is simple. The gap g3 between the frame 21 and the flow guide piece 15 is easily controllable because the string of ribs has fewer elements than in the configuration of the patent application. EP-A-1,225,609 . No adjustment is necessary, which was not the case previously where adjustment threads were used.

Bien que plusieurs modes de réalisation de la présente invention aient été représentés et décrits de façon détaillée, on comprendra que différents changements et modifications puissent être apportés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Although several embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, it will be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (16)

Actionneur magnétique comportant au moins une bobine (14) entourée par un circuit magnétique (10) possédant : trois jambes (12.1, 12.2, 11) dont deux sont extérieures et latérales à la bobine (14) et une intermédiaire traverse la bobine, ces jambes étant sans contact mécanique direct les unes avec les autres, ainsi que deux flasques (17, 18) en vis-à-vis reliant magnétiquement entre elles les trois jambes (12.1, 12.2, 11), caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique se décompose en une armature mobile (21) comportant au moins l'un des flasques (18) et en une partie fixe (200) incluant une culasse (22) englobant au moins l'autre des flasques (17) et au moins un aimant permanent (13), l'aimant permanent (13) étant placé à une extrémité de la jambe intermédiaire (11) du côté du flasque (17) de la culasse (22), un flux magnétique s'établissant entre l'armature (21) et la partie fixe (200), ce flux magnétique étant dirigé dans la direction de déplacement de l'armature (21). Magnetic actuator comprising at least one coil (14) surrounded by a magnetic circuit (10) having: three legs (12.1, 12.2, 11) two of which are external and lateral to the coil (14) and an intermediate passes through the coil, these legs being without direct mechanical contact with each other, and two flanges (17, 18) facing each other magnetically connecting the three legs (12.1, 12.2, 11), characterized in that the magnetic circuit is decomposed into a movable armature (21) having at least one one of the flanges (18) and a fixed part (200) including a yoke (22) including at least the other of the flanges (17) and at least one permanent magnet (13), the permanent magnet (13) being placed at one end of the intermediate leg (11) on the flange side (17) of the yoke (22), a magnetic flux being established between the armature (21) and the fixed part (200), this magnetic flux being directed in the direction of movement of the frame (21). Actionneur magnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'armature (21) et la partie fixe (200) ont des formes sensiblement complémentaires au niveau des trois jambes (12.1, 12.2, 11).Magnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (21) and the fixed part (200) have substantially complementary shapes at the three legs (12.1, 12.2, 11). Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie fixe (200) comporte de plus une pièce de guidage de flux (15) insérée dans la jambe intermédiaire (11) entre l'aimant (13) et l'armature (21).Magnetic actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the part stationary member (200) further includes a flow guide member (15) inserted into the intermediate leg (11) between the magnet (13) and the frame (21). Actionneur magnétique selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de guidage de flux (15) est réalisée à base de fer.Magnetic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the flux guide member (15) is made of iron. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de guidage de flux (15) se décompose en deux parties (15.1, 15.2), l'une (15.1) à section sensiblement constante s'étendant à l'intérieur de la bobine (14) et l'autre (15.) à section croissante s'étendant de la bobine (14) à l'aimant (13).Magnetic actuator according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the flux-guiding part (15) is divided into two parts (15.1, 15.2), one (15.1) with a substantially constant section extending to the inside of the coil (14) and the other (15.) with increasing section extending from the coil (14) to the magnet (13). Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'armature (21) est en forme de plaque, de T, de U ou de E.Magnetic actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the armature (21) is plate-shaped, T-shaped, U-shaped or E-shaped. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (22) est en forme de plaque, de T, de U ou de E.Magnetic actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the yoke (22) is plate-shaped, T-shaped, U-shaped or E-shaped. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'armature (21) et/ou la culasse (22) englobent, au moins partiellement, la jambe intermédiaire (11) et/ou les jambes (12.1, 12.2) latérales extérieures.Magnetic actuator according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the armature (21) and / or the yoke (22) include, at least partially, the intermediate leg (11) and / or the legs (12.1, 12.2) external side. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que, dans une position fermée de l'actionneur, l'armature (21) vient en contact mécanique contre la culasse (22), au moins au niveau des deux jambes (12.1, 12.2) latérales extérieures.Magnetic actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that , in a closed position of the actuator, the armature (21) comes into mechanical contact with the bolt (22), at least at both legs. (12.1, 12.2) external side. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (22) et/ou l'armature (21) sont feuilletées.Magnetic actuator according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the yoke (22) and / or the armature (21) are laminated. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (22) et/ou l'armature (21) et/ou l'aimant permanent (13) sont formées de plusieurs pièces accolées.Magnetic actuator according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the yoke (22) and / or the armature (21) and / or the permanent magnet (13) are formed of several contiguous parts. Actionneur magnétique selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (22), lorsqu'elle est en forme de U, est formée de deux pièces en L accolées face à face.Magnetic actuator according to claim 11, characterized in that the yoke (22), when U-shaped, is formed of two L-shaped parts contiguous to each other. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que l'armature (21), lorsqu'elle est en forme de T, est formée de deux pièces en L accolées dos à dos.Magnetic actuator according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the armature (21), when T-shaped, is formed of two L-shaped parts joined back to back. Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le flasque (17) de la culasse (22) comporte une rainure (16) à l'opposé de l'aimant (13).Magnetic actuator according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the flange (17) of the yoke (22) has a groove (16) opposite the magnet (13). Actionneur magnétique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu d'une ou plusieurs ailettes (42) de fixation solidaires de la culasse (22).Magnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with one or more fins (42) secured to the yoke (22). Mécanisme de commande de contacts (32) d'une ou plusieurs ampoules à vide (35) de disjoncteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un actionneur selon l'une des revendications précédentes.Contact control mechanism (32) for one or more circuit breaker vacuum interrupters (35), characterized in that it comprises an actuator according to one of the preceding claims.
EP07100620.9A 2006-01-20 2007-01-16 Magnetic actuator with permanent, reduced-volume magnet Not-in-force EP1811536B1 (en)

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ES2447030T3 (en) 2014-03-11
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FR2896615A1 (en) 2007-07-27
EP1811536B1 (en) 2013-12-25

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