EP1807954A1 - N:1 redundancy scheme for modules with optical interfaces - Google Patents
N:1 redundancy scheme for modules with optical interfacesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1807954A1 EP1807954A1 EP05794533A EP05794533A EP1807954A1 EP 1807954 A1 EP1807954 A1 EP 1807954A1 EP 05794533 A EP05794533 A EP 05794533A EP 05794533 A EP05794533 A EP 05794533A EP 1807954 A1 EP1807954 A1 EP 1807954A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modules
- driver modules
- module
- driver
- redundancy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000874239 Escherichia coli (strain K12) L-serine dehydratase 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 101000845103 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) Sorbitol dehydrogenase 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009745 resin transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 45
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
- H04Q1/02—Constructional details
- H04Q1/03—Power distribution arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/14—Monitoring arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0003—Switching fabrics, e.g. transport network, control network
- H04J2203/0026—Physical details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0057—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04J2203/006—Fault tolerance and recovery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5625—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04L2012/5627—Fault tolerance and recovery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/08—Indicating faults in circuits or apparatus
- H04M3/12—Marking faulty circuits "busy"; Enabling equipment to disengage itself from faulty circuits ; Using redundant circuits; Response of a circuit, apparatus or system to an error
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13003—Constructional details of switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1301—Optical transmission, optical switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13167—Redundant apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13292—Time division multiplexing, TDM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13299—Bus
Definitions
- Carriers require telecommunication equipment to incorporate redundant hardware with respect to central processors, switching fabrics, and I/O above a certain capacity.
- the simplest and most common means of implementing this is 1:1 redundancy.
- One attraction of this arrangement is that it is inherently consistent with the line redundancy normally used in SONET/SDH optical systems, which is commonly called 1+1 Linear APS.
- Optical systems require a coupling of the N:l module redundancy with the 1+1 APS line redundancy in a way that maintains failure and maintenance state independence between line and hardware and avoids single points of failures. This has proven hard to achieve.
- Midplane architectures allow for the coupling of N:l redundant Front hardware modules with non-redundant electrical interfaces (e.g. as in Lucent's Stinger DSLAM) .
- N:l redundant Front hardware modules with non-redundant electrical interfaces (e.g. as in Lucent's Stinger DSLAM) .
- midplane architectures that couple 1:1 redundant lines to N:l redundant hardware have had single points of failure.
- I/O cards allows for no single-point failures in the transmission path.
- Each I/O card normally talks to a single Front card, so pairs of Front cards are required to make the entire system 1:1 redundant with no single failure points.
- This invention allows 1+1 APS interfaces to attach to 1:1 redundant I/O cards, which in turn attach to N:l redundant front cards, realizing a substantial cost savings (as long as N is equal to or greater then 2) without loss of the overall system reliability.
- the invention can also support non-APS connections, such as used for Ethernet, and non-redundant I/O and/or Front card implementations, should this be desired.
- a high-speed redundancy system may be used to allow a 1:1 pair of rear-mounted I/O modules to connect to a spare front module in the event of failure or the need to take the front module into a maintenance state.
- This redundancy system can, in principle be either electrical or optical in nature and be comprised of either bussed or star-wired connections or combinations of any of the above.
- the redundancy system can be comprised of one or more redundancy domains.
- a redundancy domain is defined as a set of N front cards that are commonly protected by a single front card to from an N:l redundancy group.
- One or more redundancy domains along with the required control and status systems form a complete redundancy system
- the invention allows for different types of I/O connections such as ATM, Ethernet, and TDM to be mixed within the same redundancy domain, including, if desired, allowing one type of front card to be provisioned 1:1 redundant while another type is provisioned N:l.
- I/O (Line) cards are usually configured as 1:1 peers, although they can be configured in a non-redundant fashion if desired.
- the invention can be applied to any midplane-based telecom or datacom system; for example, the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) shelf as specified by PICMG3.0 contains the provision of a midplane in Zone 3, over which a redundancy system as described herein can be implemented..
- ATCA Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture
- the general feature of the proposed midplane provides the necessary connections between front cards and Line cards, which, for example in an ATCA system are referred to as rear transition modules (RTM' s) .
- the midplane should also provide cross connections between line cards and RTM' s, between line cards, and between RTM' s .
- midplane described here supports a sixteen-slot chassis.
- Another variation on the midplane may support other sizes, such as a fourteen or twenty-slot chassis.
- Reduced midplanes may be advantageous to allow the installation of other line cards that would not fit with a full midplane installed. In these cases, such a reduced version should support, for example, some slots that are not within any midplane redundancy domain
- Figure Ia illustrates a functional description of the construction of such a midplane 100.
- a midplane unit connected, for example as a 1:1 node pair is shown.
- odd and even slots 102 a, b for the RTMs and odd and even slots 104 a, b for the Front Cards.
- the data paths 106 between the front cards and the RTM' s form a 1:1 node pair. This pairing supports 1:1 node RTM redundancy and 1:1 node front card redundancy.
- the midplane concept also supports N:l line card redundancy.
- N:l redundant RTM would be installed behind the protection node line card, but the protection node line card is identical to the protected line cards and the N:l slot can also be used for 1:1 module redundancy.
- Figure Ib shows the data path connections at the N:l redundant card slot. Shown are the connections to the 1:1 pair slot, wherein the N:l slot is capable of supporting 1:1 line card redundancy, that is instead of N:l line card redundancy. With this configuration, regardless of which redundancy mode the N:l line card is working in, there is always 1+1 APS protection for the cables attached to the pair slot.
- FIG 2 is a simplified diagram 200 depicting a single pair of 1:1 front cards.
- the APS fibers are connected to separate RTM' s, but the traffic from both RTM' s 202 a, b is routed over the midplane 204 to the working TDM front card 206 a. If the working TDM card fails, the traffic is routed over the midplane to the Protection TDM front card 206 b. In both cases, if either RTM or either fiber fail, the traffic is maintained via the remaining RTM and remaining fiber. Note that in this case, the actual redundancy bus connections are not required. Also note, that this figure shows two front cards and two RTM I/O cards servicing a single APS interface (which consists of two fibers.)
- FIG 2b is a simplified diagram depicting two working TDM Front cards (for example) protected by a protection TDM card in a different slot. As in figure 2a, the two APS fibers
- working and protection for each APS interface are attached to 1:1 redundant RTM cards 202 a, b, and the working and protection traffic is routed over the midplane 204 via the direct and crossed over links 208 to a single Front card, as indicated by the solid and dashed lines in the drawing. If any fiber or RTM fails, the other fiber or RTM will maintain the traffic to both Front cards, as in the previous figure. If one of the two working Front cards fail, then the working and protection traffic that was connected to that card is routed over the redundancy system to the protection card, preventing any loss of service.
- three front cards 206 a, b, c and three RTMs provide fully protected service for two APS interfaces (one for each working front card) , which represents a savings of one Front and RTM card when compared to a 1:1 implementation (figure 2a) which would require four front cards and four RTMs.
- This saving obviously increases as N gets larger. For example, four interfaces require a total of eight Front and eight RTM cards in a 1:1 system, but only 5 front and 5 RTM cards in an N:l system.
- a midplane could have one or more redundancy domains within a redundancy system.
- Each domain could be implemented as a bus or as a set of star-wired signals, or as a hybrid consisting of both bused and star-wired signals.
- Each star interface may comprise two channels between each node RTM and the N:l redundant RTM.
- the first channel may consist of four ports, each of which contains two sets of signals (one transmit and one receive), for example.
- the second channel for example, would consist of eight, bused single-wire Signal Detects.
- an RTM When directed by the control and status system on the active hub (as will be explained later) , an RTM will steer one group of ports onto its redundancy Star interface. Four signal detects in this example are driven by each RTM, those corresponding to the group of ports being driven on the other channel.
- the redundancy system is under control of the active hub.
- An arbitrary redundancy interface may convey intent from ARC masters to ARC subscribers as to which hub's resources the ARC masters believe should be used. In general, both hubs, all node line cards and all RTM' s can be ARC subscribers.
- the four working lines (in this example) and the four protection lines must be delivered by their RTM' s via interfaces to the protection front card.
- the steering mechanism in this solution is the MRC interface.
- each node front card sends to each hub Health signals, conveying a summary of the card's ability to perform its functions.
- the hub card uses control signals to each appropriate RTM to instruct it to drive its redundancy interfaces so that the traffic routed to the protection front card via the redundancy connections.
- the midplane of the solution provided here may be particularly applied to a zone 3 connector area.
- the zone 3 connector area in the ATCA specification is defined as a 95mm long region above the top of the ATCA backplane primarily intended for the attachment of RTM' s directly to their corresponding front cards.
- a direct connection like this is inadequate for supporting 1:1 I/O and does not support N:l redundancy at all, hence our midplane invention.
- any type of external physical connection could be used with the solution provided herein, it would be also desirable to support 1+1 linear APS protection for SONET/SDH I/O connections with either 1:1 or N:l redundant front cards.
- the described ATCA example solution implements a zone 3 midplane. This will allow I/O traffic to cross between slots and to allow the transport of the I/O traffic to a protection card as described above
- the TDM subsystem supports either a full 1:1 redundancy via duplicate TDM front Cards and Optical RTM' s, or a system that supports 1:1 RTM/APS redundancy and N:l TDM front card redundancy via the zone 3 midplane.
- the 1:1 system is intended to support hitless switching while the N:l system is intended to support no loss of stable calls at a much lower cost point.
- Figure2a shows the 1:1 implementation and Figure 2b shows the N:l implementation.
- each front board/RTM duo supports one half of the Linear APS fiber connection.
- the zone 3 backplane connections are still present but are largely unused, with bearer traffic only traversing the two outermost long connections in the drawing that interconnect an RTM directly to the Front card in the same slot.
- signals between the 1:1 peer front cards for example the update channels on an ATCA zone2 midplane, may be used for 1:1 synchronization and database support.
- the two front cards plus the two RTM' s form a fully redundant pair of boards that back each other up, and no single hardware failure (Fiber, RTM, or front card) will cause any loss of stable calls or an interruption of service. It will be noted that this is relatively a high level of reliability, at relatively high cost.
- each of the front cards supports a complete linear APS fiber interconnect (working and protection fibers) .
- the working and protection fibers for a given channel are attached to different RTM' s so that there are no single points of failures in the APS protected components, but both of the working front TDM cards are protected by the single protection TDM front card via the zone 3 redundancy system.
- the system shown supports twice as many channels as the 1:1 system with three front cards and three RTMS, whereas a 1:1 system of the same capacity would require four front cards and four RTMs .
- N:l The cost savings of the N:l implementation increase substantially as the number of front TDM interface cards goes up.
- a single protection TDM front card will protect up to N working TDM cards.
- the actual hardware implementations of a TDM front card, Optical RTM, and zone 3 midplane could support more then one APS interface per slot, in both 1:1 and N:l configurations.
- the above figures show only single interfaces for simplicity.
- the same RTM and TDM front cards support either of the two different redundancy configurations.
- drawings are applicable to any SONET/SDH interface using 1+1 linear APS and are also applicable to other redundant connections, such as those found on Ethernet interfaces.
- Hub slots contain, for example, (eight-row) Teradyne VHDM and (eight-row) VHDM-HSD connectors. Node line slots and all RTM' s contain (eight-row) , in the example, VHDM-HSD connectors. All slots use Teradyne VHDM-family power connectors .
- each front card provides two, 12-volt power signals to the midplane. Those power signals would then be cross-connected on the Zone-3 midplane and then diode -or'ed on each RTM.
- the RTM' s thus derive their power from the line card in front and/or the line card in the adjacent slot, which provides each RTM with 1:1 redundant power feeds.
- a scheme such as this example works equally well for 1:1 and N:l front cards, as long as the redundant card in an N:l system also can power the RTMs.
- the objectives are to place the maximum cost on the electronics modules while at the same time minimizing the total amount of electronics and maximizing reliability.
- the chosen approach here for optical I/O places all the optical components on the rear transition modules but the minimal amount of electronics.
- the interface between the two are the high-speed serial electronic representation of the optical signals which allows a common rear transition module to serve different optical rates, TDM, ATM and packet over SONET structures, and even optical gigabit and 10-gigabit Ethernet.
- An equivalent example for electrical interfaces in an ATCA- based system may be to place the line drivers and transformers on the rear transition modules while keeping the framers on the front electronics module.
- SONET/SDH and high-rate electrical interface framers and gigabit Ethernet phys can be placed on the rear transition modules, although such an approach has the disadvantages of requiring a proprietary chip-specific interface between front and rear modules (typically parallel) and requires more power on the rear transition module possibly necessitating an on- card DC converter.
- the ATCA (PICMG3.0) philosophy is to power any electronics on the rear transition module from the front module with all the required DC-DC converters on the front module.
- the rear transition module can be powered either from the front module (s) it is working with under normal operation or from the spare front module under failure conditions in a diode-OR arrangement that prevents any power drain from the spare front module while a normal front module is able to supply power.
- An alternative to the example discussed above may be to power the rear I/O module directly from a (for example) -48V power strip placed in the midplane. This allows for higher-power components on the rear I/O modules but at the expense of requiring DC-DC converters on the rear I/O modules.
- the decoupling of the front and rear modules would tend to involve new mechanisms for fault detection. Specifically, the rear I/O modules need to have a means of detecting failure of the front module and reporting such a failure to the shelf manager. Additionally, the risk of latent faults in the redundancy system must be minimized.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US61862404P | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | |
PCT/EP2005/055277 WO2006040354A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | N:1 redundancy scheme for modules with optical interfaces |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1807954A1 true EP1807954A1 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
Family
ID=35395681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05794533A Withdrawn EP1807954A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | N:1 redundancy scheme for modules with optical interfaces |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1807954A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006040354A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7952992B1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2011-05-31 | Avaya Inc. | Procedure and mechanisms for control and bearer redundancy of TDM-based service provider connections |
EP1885153A1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-06 | Alcatel Lucent | Flexible equipment and link redundancy scheme for a media gateway |
CN111917526B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-12-23 | 许继集团有限公司 | Extensible cross-redundancy communication interface device and method |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5790518A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-08-04 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | 1-for-N redundancy implementation on midplane |
US6359858B1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2002-03-19 | Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. | Switching redundancy control |
-
2005
- 2005-10-14 EP EP05794533A patent/EP1807954A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-14 WO PCT/EP2005/055277 patent/WO2006040354A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006040354A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006040354A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
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