EP1797978A2 - Druckgießen in Einbettformen - Google Patents

Druckgießen in Einbettformen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1797978A2
EP1797978A2 EP06125586A EP06125586A EP1797978A2 EP 1797978 A2 EP1797978 A2 EP 1797978A2 EP 06125586 A EP06125586 A EP 06125586A EP 06125586 A EP06125586 A EP 06125586A EP 1797978 A2 EP1797978 A2 EP 1797978A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
cavity
metallic material
chamber
shot sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06125586A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1797978A3 (de
Inventor
Russell G. Vogt
David S. Lee
George W. Wolter
Leonard L. Ervin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Howmet Corp
Original Assignee
Howmet Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Howmet Corp filed Critical Howmet Corp
Publication of EP1797978A2 publication Critical patent/EP1797978A2/de
Publication of EP1797978A3 publication Critical patent/EP1797978A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
    • B22D17/10—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled with horizontal press motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • B22C9/28—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for wheels, rolls, or rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/203—Injection pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2209—Selection of die materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to casting of metals and alloys and, more particularly, to casting of metals, alloys, and intermetallics under pressure in a non-metallic investment mold.
  • Titanium based alloys e.g. Ti-6A1-4V
  • intermetallics e.g. TiAl
  • Many such cast components are made by the well known gravity investment casting process wherein an appropriate melt is cast into a preheated ceramic investment shell mold formed by the lost wax process.
  • US Patent 6 070 643 describes vacuum die casting of oxygen reactive alloys such as titanium alloys, nickel based superalloys, and cobalt superalloys in metal molds.
  • Drawbacks of using metal die casting molds include the high cost of the metal dies and the presence of die parting line between the metal dies, which parting line sometimes limits the complexity of the die cavity and thus the casting that can be die cast.
  • a further drawback of using metal dies when die casting titanium aluminide material is the generation of cracking in the casting as a result of rapid solidification of the melt in the metal mold.
  • Permanent mold casting of reactive metals and alloys such as titanium and titanium and nickel based alloys using permanent, reusable, multi-part metal molds based on iron and titanium is described in Colvin U.S. Patent 5 287 910 .
  • Casting of aluminum, copper, and iron based castings using permanent metal molds is described in U.S. Patent 5 119 865 .
  • An object of the present invention to provide method and apparatus for die casting metals and alloys, especially titanium alloys, titanium aluminides and others, under pressure in an investment mold in a manner that overcomes the above-discussed disadvantages and drawbacks.
  • the present invention provides method and apparatus for casting a metallic material involving the steps of providing a non-metallic mold in a mold-receiving chamber disposed in at least one of relatively movable first and second members, communicating a mold cavity in the mold to a gating passage disposed in at least one of the first and second metallic members, communicating the gating passage to a shot sleeve, and flowing metallic material under pressure from the shot sleeve to the gating passage and into the non-metallic mold.
  • the first and second members are relatively movable by being mounted on respective first and second platens of a die casting machine.
  • the metallic material is flowed by movement of a plunger in the shot sleeve.
  • the plunger is moved in response to hydraulic pressure to flow the metallic material, and the hydraulic pressure is vented to a sump a preselected distance before the end of the injection stoke of the plunger.
  • a ceramic investment shell mold is held in position in the chamber to communicate to the gating passage, while the mold is supported in the chamber against force of molten metallic material introduced into the mold via the gating passage.
  • a support plate abuts the closed end of the mold and is biased thereagainst.
  • the mold can include an open pour cup or other feature that communicates to the gating passage.
  • the mold also typically includes a sprue passage betweeen the pour cup and the one or more mold cavities to convey molten metallic material thereto.
  • the mold cavities of the shell mold can be evacuated to subambient pressure, such as less than 100 microns, to die cast a reactive metal or alloy such as a titanium alloy, titanium aluminide, nickel base superalloy, cobalt base superalloy, and others.
  • the mold can include a pour cup or other feature that communicates to the gating passage.
  • the mold also typically includes a sprue passage between the pour cup and the one or more mold cavities to convey molten metallic material thereto.
  • the invention is useful in casting molten metals or alloys, such as titanium alloys and titanium aluminide alloys, that otherwise have difficulty in filling thin wall mold cavity regions using conventional investment casting processes.
  • the invention is useful in casting titanium alloy or titanium aluminide turbocharger compressor and turbine wheels having multiple airfoil vanes of thin wall thickness (e.g. 0.025 to 0.200 inch wall thickness) disposed about a hub.
  • the invention likewise is useful in casting compressor blades and turbine blades having thin-wall airfoils (e.g. 0.025 to 0.35 inch wall thickness.)
  • the invention can be used to cast complex investment molds having backlocks, undercuts, or other features that can not be cast using metal dies.
  • Practice of the invention permits complex mold geometries to be cast, without the need for significant chemical and/or mechanical rework of the die cast component.
  • a die casting machine 10 adapted to practice an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the casting machine is shown adapted to cast a molten metallic material, which includes metals, alloys, intermetallics, and thixotropic metallic material, under hydraulic pressure into one or more evacuated non-metallic investment shell molds 31 (four molds shown), the number of molds 31 being cast being selected as desired for a particular casting job.
  • metallic materials for casting include, but are not limited to, titanium alloys, titanium aluminide alloys, nickel base superalloys, cobalt base superalloys and other materials that have difficulty in filling certain thin or narrow regions of an investment mold cavity and/or are reactive with oxygen.
  • Each non-metallic investment shell mold 31 includes a mold cavity-forming region 36 that defines a respective turbocharger wheel shape therein. Although only one mold cavity-forming region 36 is shown, each mold 31 can include one or more mold cavity-forming regions 36.
  • the die casting machine is shown comprising a base 11 which includes a reservoir (not shown) therein for hydraulic fluid that is used by hydraulic actuator 12 to move the movable die platen 16 relative to the fixed (stationary) die platen 14 to open and close the die platens 14, 16.
  • the platen 16 is disposed for movement on stationary guide rods or bushings 18.
  • a die platen clamping linkage mechanism (not shown) is connected to the movable die platen 16 in conventional manner not considered part of the present invention.
  • the die casting apparatus also comprises a tubular, horizontal shot sleeve 24 having intermediate section that is received in the stationary die platen 14 and a mold-receiving member or plate 30 fastened to the platen extension 14a by bolts, clamps, and other fastening means.
  • the shot sleeve 24 extends into a vacuum melting chamber 40 where the metal or alloy to be die cast is melted under high vacuum conditions, such as less than 100 microns, in the event an oxygen reactive metal or alloy, such as titanium alloy, titanium aluminide alloy, superalloy, etc., is to be cast.
  • the vacuum chamber 40 is defined by a vacuum housing wall 42 that extends about and encompasses or surrounds the charging end section 24a of the shot sleeve 24 and the plunger hydraulic actuator 25'' having ram 25a''.
  • the chamber wall 42 is vacuum tight sealed about the stationary, horizontal shot sleeve and plunger support member 44.
  • the vacuum chamber 40 is evacuated by a conventional vacuum pump P connected to the chamber 40.
  • the base 11 and the vacuum housing wall 42 rest on a concrete floor or other suitable support.
  • a cylindrical plunger 27 is disposed in the cylindrical bore of the shot sleeve 24 for movement by ram 25a'' between a start injection position located to the left of a melt entry or inlet 50 in Figure 1 and a finish injection position proximate mold-receiving member or plate 30 .
  • the melt inlet 50 comprises a melt-receiving vessel 52 mounted on the shot sleeve 24.
  • the melt-receiving vessel 52 is disposed beneath a melting crucible 54 to receive a charge of molten metal or alloy therefrom for die casting.
  • the invention is not limited to a hydraulic plunger as a means for introducing the molten metallic material under superambient pressure in the mold 31.
  • superambient gas pressure may be applied at the end of the shot sleeve with or without the plunger present for introducing the molten metallic material under pressure into the mold 31.
  • the melting crucible 54 may be an induction skull crucible comprising copper segments in which a charge of solid metal or alloy to be die cast is melted.
  • the charge of solid metal or alloy can be positioned in the crucible 54 before a vacuum is established in chamber 40 and melted by energization of induction coils 56 after the vacuum is established.
  • the solid metal or alloy charge can be charged into the crucible 54 in evacuated chamber 40 via a vacuum port (not shown) and melted by energization of induction coils 56.
  • Known ceramic or refractory lined crucibles also can be used in practicing the present invention. Any melting method such as arc melting, electron beam melting, and others may be employed in practice of the invention.
  • the crucible 54 can be tilted to pour the molten metal or alloy charge into the melt-receiving vessel 52, which is communicated to the shot sleeve 24 via an opening 58 in the shot sleeve wall.
  • the molten metal or alloy charge is introduced through opening 58 into the shot sleeve 24 in front of the plunger 27.
  • the plunger 27 is moved from the start injection position to the finish injection position by conventional hydraulic actuator 25".
  • Typical radial clearances between the shot sleeve 24 and the plunger 27 are in the range of 0.001 to 0.008 inch.
  • the die casting machine 10 is modified or adapted to cast a molten metallic material under hydraulic pressure into one or more evacuated non-metallic (e.g. ceramic) investment shell molds 31, which can be made by the well known lost wax process.
  • a fugitive patterns such as wax or plastic patterns
  • Such an investment shell mold 31 is made by repeatedly dipping one or more fugitive patterns (such as wax or plastic patterns) of the component to be cast connected as part of a pattern assembly in a ceramic flour slurry, draining excess ceramic slurry, and applying a coarse ceramic stucco on the wet slurry followed by air or oven drying until a shell mold of desired wall thickness is built up on the patterns.
  • the one or more patterns then are selectively removed by steam autoclaving, flash dewaxing, and other conventional pattern removal techniques, leaving an empty ceramic shell mold with one or more cavities where the one or more patterns formerly resided.
  • the ceramic shell mold then is fired at elevated temperature to develop adequate mold strength for casting.
  • Manufacture of ceramic shell molds using the lost wax process is well known and described in US Patents 4,966,225 ; 5,983,982 ; 6,749,006 and many others.
  • the invention can be practiced using conventional colloidal silica-bonded or sodium silicate-bonded investment shell molds, although other investment shell molds can be used.
  • the particular ceramic flours and stucco materials from which the investment molds 31 are made depends on the metal or alloy to be die cast in the mold as well as the parameters of casting, such a melt superheat, mold preheat temperature and others.
  • Each shell mold 31 includes a pour cup 33, a sprue 32, and a turbocharger wheel-shaped mold cavity-forming region 36. Molten metal or alloy flows through the pour cup 33 and through a passage 32a in the sprue 32 and into the mold cavity-forming region 36.
  • the turbocharger wheel-shaped mold cavity-forming region 36 has an airfoil or vane-forming cavity regions 36v of small or narrow dimension (thickness) spaced apart on a hub-forming cavity region 36h.
  • the airfoil or vane-forming regions 36v have a small internal thickness typically between 0.025 to 0.100 inch to form the thin walls of the airfoils or vanes on the hub of the die cast turbocharger wheel.
  • the molds 31 can be ganged to provide a ganged mold such that one pour cup and multiple sprues and runners can be used to supply molten metallic material to the ganged mold.
  • the invention is not limited to the type of non-metallic, refractory or ceramic mold that is used.
  • the pour cup 33 forms a first annular lip L1 that is axially spaced form a second annular lip L2 formed as part of each mold to define a peripheral positioning groove G about the pour cup.
  • the invention envisions providing a ceramic core (not shown) in the turbocharger wheel-shaped mold cavity-forming region 36 of each mold 31 in order to produce an internal cavity in the cast turbocharger wheel at selected location(s).
  • the ceramic core can be configured to produce the desired internal cavity in the cast turbocharger wheel, or other casting produced in the mold 31.
  • the invention also envisions providing a reinforcement material or preform, porous or solid, in the mold cavity 36 so as to be incorporated in the cast component.
  • the mold-receiving member 30 is adapted to mate with a mold-receiving member 29 to form a chamber C for receiving the molds 31 and to form a mold gating system 35 therebetween when the members 29, 30 are abutted at a vertical parting plane.
  • the gating system is formed by machined, replaceable gating inserts 40, 42 that are received in respective members 29, 30 and that are coplanar at their outermost surfaces with those of the respective members 29, 30 in which they are received.
  • the gating inserts form a gating system that comprises runners R that communicate with a common passage CP that communicates with the end of the shot sleeve 24.
  • a respective runner R extends from the passage CP to a respective mold 31.
  • the members 29, 30 as well as inserts 40, 42 typically are steel or other suitable permanent metal or alloy (metallic material) and are mounted on or connected to respective platens 14, 16 of the die casting machine.
  • An 0-ring vacuum seal S1 is provided between the members 29, 30 for establishing a vacuum tight seal therebetween, Figure 1.
  • the vacuum seal S1 extends about and surrounds the gating system 35.
  • the molds 31 are shown positioned in the chamber C with their pour cups 33 residing in complementary configured cylindrical-shaped recesses 41a on a shelf or ledge 41 forming the bottom wall of the chamber C when the members 29, 30 are abutted at the parting plane.
  • a shelf or ledge 41 forming the bottom wall of the chamber C when the members 29, 30 are abutted at the parting plane.
  • one-half of the ledge or shelf 41 as well as each recess 41a is shown formed on the member 29 and the other half is formed on member 30.
  • the molds 31 thereby are positioned vertically inverted such that their rear closed ends 31e face upwardly.
  • each pour cup 33 sealingly engages the shelf or ledge 41 in the recesses 41a to prevent molten material from leaking out at the interface when the mold is clamped or pressed on the ledge as described below.
  • a flat seal or gasket optionally may be used if needed between the pour cup end surface and the ledge 41 to this end.
  • the molds 31 are positioned relative to the runners R using a fixed positioning plate 51 having slots 51a formed between fingers 51b. Each mold 31 is inserted in a respective slot 51a with the adjacent fingers 51b being received in the mold positioning groove G to this end.
  • One half of each mold pour 33 thereby is positioned to straddle a respective runner R to receive molten material therefrom.
  • the positioning plate 51 is fixedly fastened to one of the members 29, 30 in a horizontal orientation such that the fingers 51b are received in the facing other of the members 29, 30 overlying the shelf or ledge of that member.
  • each mold 31 When so positioned, the pour cup 33 and the sprue passage 32a of each mold 31 communicates to the shot sleeve 24 via the gating system for receiving molten metallic material from the shot sleeve 24 as pushed by the plunger 27.
  • the shot sleeve 24 is sealingly received in the member 30.
  • Each mold 31 is supported in position in the chamber C against upward force of molten metallic material introduced into the mold via the gating system.
  • the upwardly facing closed end of each mold 31 is abutted by a respective support plate 60.
  • Support plates 60 are connected to shafts 62 each of which is mounted on a hinge 64 such that the plates 60 can be brought into position to abut the closed ends 31e of the molds after they are positioned in positioning plate 51.
  • the support plates 60 are pressed gently toward the closed end of the molds by a main shaft 66 connected to a respective hinge 64 and a pressing device 63, such as a spring, pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, and/or mechanical clamp, to bias the shafts 66 downwardly.
  • the vacuum chamber 40 then is evacuated to a suitable level for melting the particular charge (e.g. less than 100 microns for titanium alloys such as Ti-6A1-4V alloy and titanium aluminide such as TiAl) by vacuum pump P.
  • a suitable level for melting the particular charge e.g. less than 100 microns for titanium alloys such as Ti-6A1-4V alloy and titanium aluminide such as TiAl
  • the investment mold 31 in chamber C is concurrently evacuated to the same vacuum level through the connection to the vacuum melting chamber 40 via the shot sleeve 24 and by virtue of being isolated from surrounding ambient air atmosphere by the vacuum seal S1 between members 29, 30.
  • the mold 31 can be evacuated using a separate vacuum conduit or line communicated to the mold interior.
  • the investment mold 31 typically is at ambient (room) temperature when it is placed in the chamber C. Alternately, the mold 31 can be preheated to a suitable elevated temperature before being placed in the chamber C. Still further, heaters (not shown) can be provided in the chamber C to heat or maintain the temperature of the mold 31.
  • the solid charge of the metal or alloy in crucible 54 is melted by energizing induction coil 56, the melt then is poured under vacuum into the shot sleeve 24 via the melt inlet 50 with the plunger 27 initially positioned at the start injection position of Figure 1.
  • the molten metal or alloy is poured into the shot sleeve 24 and resides therein for a preselected dwell time to insure that no molten metal gets behind the plunger 27.
  • the melt can be poured directly from the crucible 54 via inlet 50 into the shot sleeve 24, thereby reducing time and metal cooling before injection can begin.
  • the plunger 27 then is advanced in the shot sleeve 24 by actuator 25'' to inject the molten metal or alloy under hydraulic pressure through the gating system and into the mold cavity 36 via the mold pour cup 33 and sprue 32.
  • the molten metal or alloy is forced at velocities, such as 10-120 inches per second for titanium alloys and titanium aluminides, down the shot sleeve 24 and into the evacuated mold cavity 36 in the investment mold 31.
  • the plunger 27 is advanced in the shot sleeve 24 using a hydraulic system shown in Figure 5 that comprises a supply manifold 70', shot speed manifold 72' for controlling speed of the plunger, shot return manifold 74' for controlling the return of the plunger 27 to its start injection position, and a pressure dump manifold 76' for dumping or returning fluid pressure to a tank S' when the plunger 27 is a preselected distance from its final injection position.
  • the hydraulic system is controlled by a programmable logic controller (not shown).
  • the limit switch 80a which is fastened to the fixed support frame for actuator (hydraulic cylinder) 25" is directly electrically connected to a relay (not shown) which in turn is directly electrically connected to the directional valve 27' of the pressure dump manifold 76' to control energization of the directional valve 27'.
  • the limit switch 80a is activated by the switch trip member 80b, which is fastened to the ram 25a'' and which trips or actuates limit switch 80a shown in Figure 1 as it travels with the ram.
  • the directional valve 27' is deenergized in a manner to maintain cartridge valve 28' closed (e.g.
  • valve 27' is always in a deenergized state except when the limit switch 80a is tripped).
  • the directional valve 27' is energized to vent the normally closed pressure holding valve 28' to return tank S' via line 81 and allow hydraulic pressure downstream of the valve 28' to vent through open valve 28' to line 83 to tank S'.
  • the pressure dump manifold 76' functions to control fluid pressure on the mold 31 as the molten metallic material is injected under pressure therein so as to avoid cracking of the mold 31 during casting.
  • the location of the switch 80a and thus the preselected distance from the final injection position where fluid pressure is dumped can be determined empirically and adjusted to avoid mold cracking. Components of the hydraulic system are described below.
  • Components of the hydraulic system of Figure 6 include:
  • the members 29, 30 are opened by movement of platen 16 away from platen 14 within a typical time period that can range from 5 to 25 seconds following injection to provide enough time for the molten metal or alloy to form at least a solidified surface on the cast component(s) in the mold cavity 36.
  • the mold 31 then is removed from the chamber C and transported to a demolding station where the investment mold 31 is removed from the cast component by conventional techniques forming no part of the invention.
  • the metallic material solidified in the mold cavity 36 typically is substantially solidified by the time the mold 31 is removed from the chamber C. The casting then can be inspected visually and by techniques according to customer requirements.
  • the shot sleeve 24 contacting the molten metal or alloy can be made of an iron based material, such as H-13 tool steel, or a refractory material such as based on Mo alloy, W alloy, or TZM alloy, ceramic material such as alumina, or combinations thereof that are compatible with the metal or alloy being melted and die cast.
  • the forward plunger tip 27a can comprise a permanent or alternately a disposable tip that is thrown away after each molten metal or alloy charge is injected in the investment mold 31.
  • a plunger tip can comprise a copper based alloy such as a copper-beryllium alloy, or steel, graphite, or other appropriate material.
  • the particular casting parameters employed to die cast a component will depend upon several factors including mold size, gating, pour weight, and the fragility of the investment mold to the melt injection pressures involved.
  • the injection pressure is selected to retain the investment mold 31 intact (no mold cracking under pressure) while achieving a satisfactory fill of the mold cavity regions.
  • the nominal weight of metal or alloy in the crucible 54 depends on the mold size and the number of components to be die cast in the mold.
  • Turbocharger wheels have been successfully die cast of titanium and titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys in conventional lost wax investment shell molds 31 by practice of the invention.
  • the turbocharger wheels were made using casting parameters in the following ranges: melt injection pressure settings: 400-1800 psi, melt injection velocities (plunger speed): 10-120 in/sec, melt superheat: 0 to 75 degrees F, mold preheat: room temperature to 600 degrees F, lost wax investment shell mold wall thickness: 0.20 to 1.0 inch, shot sleeve length and diameter: 17.38 inches and 2.80 inches; and limit switch 80a set to dump plunger fluid pressure when the plunger 27 is about 0.75 inch from its final injection position.
  • mold 31 is illustrated above for making cast turbocharger wheels, the invention is not so limited and can practiced to make other components that include, but are not limited to, internal combustion engine valves, automotive or truck turbocharger compressor and turbine wheels, compressor and turbine blades and vanes for gas turbine engines, and medical components including hip stems, acetabular knees, tibial trays, and spinal components.
EP06125586A 2005-12-19 2006-12-07 Druckgießen in Einbettformen Withdrawn EP1797978A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/311,433 US20070137827A1 (en) 2005-12-19 2005-12-19 Die casting in investment mold

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1797978A2 true EP1797978A2 (de) 2007-06-20
EP1797978A3 EP1797978A3 (de) 2008-07-23

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EP06125586A Withdrawn EP1797978A3 (de) 2005-12-19 2006-12-07 Druckgießen in Einbettformen

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US (1) US20070137827A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1797978A3 (de)
JP (1) JP2007167955A (de)

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US20070137827A1 (en) 2007-06-21
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