EP1791429A1 - Fungizide wirkstoffkombination - Google Patents
Fungizide wirkstoffkombinationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1791429A1 EP1791429A1 EP05783853A EP05783853A EP1791429A1 EP 1791429 A1 EP1791429 A1 EP 1791429A1 EP 05783853 A EP05783853 A EP 05783853A EP 05783853 A EP05783853 A EP 05783853A EP 1791429 A1 EP1791429 A1 EP 1791429A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- species
- active ingredient
- active
- compound
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- -1 surfaces Substances 0.000 claims description 52
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005784 Fluoxastrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000890 drug combination Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical class ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- LRNJHZNPJSPMGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanofenphos Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 LRNJHZNPJSPMGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 2
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- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosultap disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- JWXZLCFGVKMEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triarathene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)S1 JWXZLCFGVKMEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazoxide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2[N+]([O-])=NC=1N1C=CN=C1 IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- RROQIUMZODEXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triforine Chemical compound O=CNC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)N1CCN(C(NC=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)CC1 RROQIUMZODEXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N validamycin A Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)CO)[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N voriconazole Chemical compound C1([C@H](C)[C@](O)(CN2N=CN=C2)C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=NC=NC=C1F BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004740 voriconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel active ingredient combination which contains a known oxime ether derivative on the one hand and two known triazole derivatives on the other hand and is very well suited for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
- the oxime derivative is 3- [1- [2- (4- ⁇ 2-chlorophenoxy> 5-fluoropyrimidin-6-yloxy) -phenyl] -1- (methoximino) -methyl] -5 , 6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazine (fluoxastrobin) has fungicidal properties (see DE-A-196 02 095). The effectiveness of this substance is good, but it leaves little to be desired at low application rates in some cases. The preparation of this compound is likewise known from DE-A-196 02 095.
- the triazole derivative is 3- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -6-fluoro-2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) -4 (3H) -quinazolinone (fluquinconazole ) has fungicidal properties (see EP-A-183458).
- the effectiveness of this substance is good; However, at low application rates, it leaves something to be desired in some cases.
- the preparation of this compound is also known from EP-A-183 458.
- the triazole derivative is 1- (4-chlorophenoxy) -3,3-dimethyl-1- (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) -butan-2-ol fungicidal properties has (see DE-A-23 24010).
- the effectiveness of this substance is good; However, at low application rates, it leaves something to be desired in some cases.
- the preparation of this compound is also known from DE-A-2324 010.
- the active ingredient of the formula (I) is known (cf., for example, DE-A-196 02 095).
- the active compounds of the formulas (II) and (III) are likewise known (see the references given).
- the compounds can be present as E or Z isomer.
- the compound (I) can therefore be present as a mixture of different isomers or else in the form of a single isomer.
- the compounds have two asymmetric carbon atoms. They can therefore be present in the R or in the S form.
- the compounds of the formula (III) are preferably present as mixtures.
- the active ingredient combination according to the invention contains the active compounds of the formulas (I), (II) and (III). It can also contain other fungicidal Zumischkomponenten beyond.
- the active ingredients in the active compound combinations according to the invention are present in certain weight ratios, the synergistic effect is particularly pronounced.
- the weight ratios of the active ingredients in the drug combinations can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, 1 part by weight of active compound of the formula (I)
- the active compound combinations according to the invention have very good fungicidal properties and can be used for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, etc.
- Xanthomonas species such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae;
- Pseudomonas species such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans; Erwinia species, such as Erwinia amylovora;
- Blumeria species such as Blumeria graminis
- Podosphaera species such as Podosphaera leucotricha
- Sphaerotheca species such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea
- Uncinula species such as Uncinula necator
- Gymnosporangium species such as Gymnosporangium sabinae Hemileia species, such as Hemileia vastatrix
- Phakopsora species such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi and
- Puccinia species such as Puccinia recondita
- Uromyces species such as Uromyces appendiculatus
- Bremia species such as Bremia lactucae
- Peronospora species such as Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae
- Phytophthora species such as Phytophthora infestans
- Plasmopara species such as Plasmopara viticola
- Pseudoperonospora species such as Pseudoperonospora humuli or
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum;
- Alternaria species such as Alternaria solani;
- Cercospora species such as Cercospora beticola
- Cladiosporum species such as Cladiosporium cucumerinum
- Cochliobolus species such as Cochliobolus sativus
- Colletotrichum species such as Colletotrichum lindemuthanium
- Cycloconium species such as cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri;
- Elsinoe species such as Elsinoe fawcettii
- Gloeosporium species such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor
- Glomerella species such as Glomerella cingulata
- Guignardia species such as Guignardia bidwelli
- Leptosphaeria species such as Leptosphaeria maculans
- Magnaporthe species such as Magnaporthe grisea
- Mycosphaerella species such as Mycosphaerelle graminicola
- Phaeosphaeria species such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum
- Pyrenophora species such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres
- Ramularia species such as Ramularia collo-cygni
- Rhynchosporium species such as Rhynchosporium secalis
- Septoria species such as Septoria apii
- Typhula species such as Typhula incarnata
- Venturia species such as Venturia inaequalis
- Corticium species such as Corticium graminearum
- Fusarium species such as Fusarium oxysporum
- Gaeumannomyces species such as Gaeumannomyces graminis
- Rhizoctonia species such as Rhizoctonia solani
- Tapesia species such as Tapesia acuformis
- Thielaviopsis species such as Thielaviopsis basicola
- Ear and panicle diseases including corncob caused by e.g.
- Alternaria species such as Alternaria spp .;
- Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus flavus
- Cladosporium species such as Cladosporium spp .
- Claviceps species such as Claviceps purpurea
- Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum
- Gibberella species such as Gibberella zeae
- Monographella species such as Monographella nivalis
- Sphacelotheca species such as Sphacelotheca reiliana
- Tilletia species such as Tilletia caries
- Urocystis species such as Urocystis occulta
- Ustilago species such as Ustilago nuda
- Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus flavus
- Botrytis species such as Botrytis cinerea
- Penicillium species such as Penicillium expansum
- Sclerotinia species such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
- Verticilium species such as Verticilium alboatrum
- Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum
- Phytophthora species such as Phytophthora cactorum
- Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum
- Rhizoctonia species such as Rhizoctonia solani
- Sclerotium species such as Sclerotium rolfsii
- Nectria species such as Nectria galligena
- Botrytis species such as Botrytis cinerea
- Rhizoctonia species such as Rhizoctonia solani
- the combination of active substances according to the invention is particularly suitable for combating cereal diseases, such as Erysiphe, Cochliobolus, Pyrenophora, Rhynchosporium, Septoria, Fusarium, Pseudocercosporella, Leptosphaeria and Pyricularia and for combating fungal infestations on non-cereal crops such as wine, fruit, peanut, vegetables, for example Phythophthora, Plasmopara, Pythium and powdery mildews such as Sphaerotheca or Uncinula and leaf spot exciters such as Venturia, 5 Alternaria and Septoria and Rhizoctonia, Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Sclerotium.
- the good plant compatibility of the active ingredient combinations in the concentrations necessary for controlling plant diseases allows treatment of aboveground plant parts, of planting and seed, and of the soil.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention can be used for foliar application or as a mordant.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for increasing crop yield. They are also low toxicity and have good plant tolerance.
- plants and parts of plants can be treated.
- plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
- Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant variety protection rights.
- Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all aboveground and underground parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples of which include leaves, needles, stems, o stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and roots, tubers and rhizomes .
- the plant parts also include crops as well as vegetative and generative propagation material, For example, cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.
- plants and their parts can be treated.
- wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods such as crossing or protoplast fusion
- plant cultivars and their parts are treated.
- transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated.
- the term “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” has been explained above.
- Plant varieties are understood as meaning plants having new traits which have been bred by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be varieties, biotypes and genotypes.
- the preferred plants or plant varieties to be treated according to the invention to be treated include all plants which, as a result of the genetic engineering modification, obtained genetic material which gives these plants particularly advantageous valuable properties ("traits").
- traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or to bottoms salt, increased flowering, easier harvesting, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products , higher shelf life and / or workability of the harvested products.
- Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are an increased defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses as well as an increased tolerance of the plants against certain herbicidal active substances.
- transgenic plants include the important crops such as cereals (wheat, rice), corn, soy, potato, cotton, rapeseed and fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with corn, soy, potato, cotton and rapeseed should be highlighted.
- Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against insects by toxins which are formed in the plants, in particular those which are produced by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CrylA (a), CrylA (b), CrylA (c), CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF and combinations thereof) are produced in the plants (hereinafter "Bt plants”).
- Traits also highlight the increased resistance of plants to fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are further emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example Imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (eg "PAT" gene). The genes which confer the desired properties (“traits”) can also occur in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants.
- SAR systemic acquired resistance
- PAT phosphinotricin
- Bt plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (eg corn, cotton, soya), KnockOut® (eg maize), StarLink® (eg maize), Bollgard® ( Cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato).
- YIELD GARD® eg corn, cotton, soya
- KnockOut® eg maize
- StarLink® eg maize
- Bollgard® Cotton
- Nucotn® cotton
- NewLeaf® potato
- herbicide-tolerant plants are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soybean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate eg corn, cotton, soy), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotricin, eg rapeseed), (MI® (tolerance against imidazolinone) and STS® (tolerance to sulphonylureas, eg maize)
- the herbicide-resistant plants (grown conventionally for herbicide-tolerance) also include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (eg maize) in the future developed or future on the market coming plant varieties with these or future developed genetic traits ("Traits").
- the listed plants can be treated particularly advantageously according to the invention with the active substance mixtures according to the invention.
- the preferred ranges given above for the active compounds or mixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particularly emphasized is the plant treatment with the mixtures specifically mentioned in the present text.
- the treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredients is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, spreading, brushing and propagating material, in particular in the case of seeds single or multi-layer coating.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols, very fine encapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating compositions for seeds, as well as ULV formulations.
- formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds or the active compound combinations with extenders, ie liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure and / or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or or foaming agents.
- extenders ie liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure and / or solid carriers
- surface-active agents ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or or foaming agents.
- organic solvents can also be used as auxiliary solvents.
- Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
- aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes
- chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride
- liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
- Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
- solid carriers for granules are: for example, broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks.
- Suitable emulsifying and / or foam-forming agents are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers,
- Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates and protein hydrolysates are e.g. Lignin-sulphite liquors and methylcellulose.
- Adhesives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex polymers may be used in the formulations, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids.
- Other additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
- Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
- inorganic pigments e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
- the formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of active ingredients, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention can be used as such or in their formulations also in admixture with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides or insecticides, for example in order to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance. In many cases, one obtains synergistic effects, ie the effectiveness of the mixture is greater than the effectiveness of the Individual components.
- Azoxystrobin Cyazofamide, Dimoxystrobin, Enestrobin, Famoxadone, Fenamidon, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoximmethyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin
- Fentin acetate Fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, silthiofam 4. Inhibition of amino acid and protein biosynthesis
- Sodium Channel Modulators / Voltage Dependent Sodium Channel Blockers 2.1 Pyrethroids (eg, acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin , Biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha, beta, theta, zeta), cyphenothrin, DDT, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, e
- chloronicotinyls / neonicotinoids e.g., acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazines, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam
- Acetylcholine Receptor Modulator 4.1 Spinosyn (e.g., Spinosad)
- Fiproles e.g., acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole
- Mectins e.g., abamectin, avermectin, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, milbemectin, milbemycin
- diacylhydrazines e.g., chromafenozides, halofenozides, methoxyfenozides,
- Benzoylureas e.g., bistrifluron, chlofluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron
- Organotins e.g., azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxides
- METI's e.g., Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad
- Tetronic acids e.g., spirodiclofen, spiromesifen
- 16.2 tetramic acids [e.g. 3- (2,5-Dimethylphenyl) ⁇ 8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro [4.5] dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (also known as: Carbonic acid, 3- (2,5-dimethylphenyl) -8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro [4.5] dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester, CAS Reg.
- Carboxamides e.g., flonicamid
- Octopaminergic agonists e.g., Amitraz
- fumigants e.g., aluminum phosphides, methyl bromides, sulfuryl fluorides
- Selective feeding inhibitors e.g., cryolites, flonicamid, pymetrozines
- mite growth inhibitors e.g., clofentezines, etoxazoles, hexythiazox
- a mixture with other known active ingredients, such as herbicides, safeners or semiochemicals or with fertilizers and growth regulators is possible.
- the compounds (I), (II) and (III) can be applied simultaneously, either jointly or separately, or in succession, the sequence in the case of separate application generally having no effect on the control result.
- the active ingredient combinations can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders and granules become.
- the application is done in a conventional manner, for example by pouring, spraying, spraying, scattering, spreading, dry pickling, wet pickling, wet pickling, slurry pickling or encrusting.
- the application rates can be varied within a substantial range, depending on the mode of administration.
- the application rates of active ingredient combination are generally between 0.1 and 10,000 g / ha, preferably between 10 and 1,000 g / ha.
- the application rates of active compound combination are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 10 g per kilogram of seed.
- the application rates of active ingredient combination are generally between 0.1 and 10,000 g / ha, preferably between 1 and 5,000 g / ha.
- a synergistic effect is always present in fungicides when the fungicidal action of the active ingredient combinations is greater than the sum of the effects of the individually applied active ingredients.
- Y means the efficiency when using the active ingredient B in an application rate of n ppm
- the efficiency is determined in%. It means 0% an efficiency that corresponds to that of the control, while an efficiency of 100% means that no infestation is observed.
- the actual observed efficiency must be greater than the calculated value for the above formula the expected efficiencies Ei and E2.
- the microtest is performed in microtiter plates with Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) as a liquid test medium.
- PDB Potato Dextrose Broth
- the application of the active substances takes place as technical a.L, dissolved in acetone.
- For inoculation is a
- 0% means an efficiency equivalent to the growth in the controls, while an efficiency of 100% means that no fungal growth is observed.
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine neue Wirkstoffkombination, die ein bekanntes Oximether-Derivat einerseits und zwei bekannte Triazol-Derivate andererseits enthält und sehr gut zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen geeignet ist.
Description
Fungizide Wirkstoffkombination
Beschreibung
5 Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine neue Wirkstoffkombination, die ein bekanntes Oximether-Derivat einerseits und zwei bekannte Triazol-Derivate andererseits enthält und sehr gut zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen geeignet ist.
o Es ist bereits bekannt, dass das Oxim-Derivat 3-[1-[2-(4-<2-Chlorphenoxy>- 5-fluorpyrimid-6-yloxy)-phenyl]-1-(methoximino)-methyl]-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2- dioxazin (Fluoxastrobin) fungizide Eigenschaften besitzt (vgl. DE-A- 196 02 095). Die Wirksamkeit dieses Stoffes ist gut, sie lässt jedoch bei niedrigen Aufwandmengen in manchen Fällen zu wünschen übrig. Die 5 Herstellung dieser Verbindung ist ebenfalls aus DE-A-196 02 095 bekannt.
Ferner ist bekannt, dass das Triazol-Derivat 3-(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-6-fluor-2- (1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolinon (Fluquinconazole) fungizide Eigenschaften besitzt (vgl. EP-A-183458). Die Wirksamkeit dieses Stoffes o ist gut; sie lässt jedoch bei niedrigen Aufwandmengen in manchen Fällen zu wünschen übrig. Die Herstellung dieser Verbindung ist ebenfalls aus EP-A- 183 458 bekannt.
Es ist außerdem bekannt, dass das Triazol-Derivat 1-(4-Chlor~phenoxy)-3,3- 5 dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-butan-2-ol fungizide Eigenschaften besitzt (vgl. DE-A-23 24010). Die Wirksamkeit dieses Stoffes ist gut; sie lässt jedoch bei niedrigen Aufwandmengen in manchen Fällen zu wünschen übrig. Die Herstellung dieser Verbindung ist ebenfalls aus DE-A-2324 010 bekannt.
o Es wurde nun gefunden, dass die neue Wirkstoffkombination, die 3-[1-[2-(4- <2-Chlorphenoxy>-5-fluorpyrimid-6-yloxy)-phenyl]-1-(methoximino)-methyl]-
5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin der Formel
und
(1 ) 3-(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-6-fluor-2-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazoM -yl)-4(3H)- quinazolinon (Referenz: EP-A-183 458) der Formel
und
(2) 1 -(4~Chlor-phenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)-butan-2-ol (Referenz: DE-A-23 24 010) der Formel
(Triadinenol)
enthält, sehr gute fungizide Eigenschaften besitzt.
Überraschenderweise ist die fungizide Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen
Wirkstoffkombination wesentlich höher als die Summe der Wirkungen der einzelnen Wirkstoffe. Es liegt also ein nicht vorhersehbarer, echter synergistischer Effekt vor und nicht nur eine Wirkungsergänzung.
Der Wirkstoff der Formel (I) ist bekannt (vgl. z. B. DE-A-196 02 095). Die Wirkstoffe der Formeln (II) und (III) sind ebenfalls bekannt (vgl. angegebene Referenzen).
Aus der Strukturformel für den Wirkstoff der Formel (I) ist ersichtlich, dass die Verbindungen als E- oder Z-Isomer vorliegen können. Die Verbindung (I) kann daher als Gemisch von verschiedenen Isomeren oder auch in Form eines einzigen Isomeren vorliegen. Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel (I), in denen die Verbindungen der Formeln (I) und (III) als E-Isomer vorliegen.
Aus der Strukturformel für den Wirkstoff der Formel (III) ist ersichtlich, dass die Verbindungen zwei asymmetrische Kohlenstoffatome besitzen. Sie können daher in der R- oder in der S-Form vorliegen. Bevorzugt liegen die Verbindungen der Formel (III) als Gemische vor.
Die erfindungsgemäße Wirkstoffkombination enthält die Wirkstoffe der Formeln (I), (II) und (III). Sie kann darüber hinaus auch weitere fungizid wirksame Zumischkomponenten enthalten.
Wenn die Wirkstoffe in den erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen in bestimmten Gewichtsverhältnissen vorhanden sind, zeigt sich der synergistische Effekt besonders deutlich. Jedoch können die Gewichtsverhältnisse der Wirkstoffe in den Wirkstoffkombinationen in einem relativ großen Bereich variiert werden.
Im Allgemeinen entfallen auf 1 Gew.-Teil an Wirkstoff der Formel (I)
0,1 bis 100 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 30 Gew.-Teile an Wirkstoff der Formel (II), und
0,1 bis 30 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-Teile an Wirkstoff der Formel (III).
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen besitzen sehr gute fungizide Eigenschaften und lassen sich zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen, wie Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes usw. einsetzen.
Beispielhaft aber nicht begrenzend seien einige Erreger von pilzlichen und bakteriellen Erkrankungen, die unter die oben aufgezählten Oberbegriffe fallen, genannt:
Xanthomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae;
Pseudomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; Erwinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Erwinia amylovora;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger des Echten Mehltaus wie z.B. Blumeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera-Arten, wie beispielsweise Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula-Arten, wie beispielsweise Uncinula necator;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger von Rostkrankheiten wie z.B. Gymnosporangium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gymnosporangium sabinae Hemileia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Hemileia vastatrix;
Phakopsora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phakopsora pachyrhizi und
Phakopsora meibomiae;
Puccinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Puccinia recondita;
Uromyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise Uromyces appendiculatus;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger der Gruppe der Oomyceten wie z.B.
Bremia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Bremia lactucae;
Peronospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Peronospora pisi oder P. brassicae; Phytophthora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora infestans;
Plasmopara-Arten, wie beispielsweise Plasmopara viticola;
Pseudoperonospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudoperonospora humuli oder
Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pythium ultimum;
Blattfleckenkrankheiten und Blattwelken, hervorgerufen durch z.B.
Alternaria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Alternaria solani;
Cercospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cladiosporium cucumerinum;
Cochliobolus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cochliobolus sativus
(Konidienform: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium);
Colletotrichum-Arten, wie beispielsweise Colletotrichum lindemuthanium;
Cycloconium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Diaporthe citri;
Elsinoe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Elsinoe fawcettii;
Gloeosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gloeosporium laeticolor;
Glomerella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Glomerella cingulata;
Guignardia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Leptosphaeria maculans;
Magnaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Magnaporthe grisea;
Mycosphaerella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Mycosphaerelle graminicola;
Phaeosphaeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaeosphaeria nodorum;
Pyrenophora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria apii; Typhula-Arten, wie beispielsweise Typhula incarnata; Venturia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Venturia inaequalis;
Wurzel- und Stengelkrankheiten, hervorgerufen durch z.B.
Corticium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Corticium graminearum; Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium oxysporum;
Gaeumannomyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gaeumannomyces graminis;
Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani;
Tapesia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Tapesia acuformis;
Thielaviopsis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Thielaviopsis basicola; Ähren- und Rispenerkrankungen (inklusive Maiskolben), hervorgerufen durch z.B.
Alternaria-Arteπ, wie beispielsweise Alternaria spp.;
Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Aspergillus flavus;
Cladosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cladosporium spp.; Claviceps-Arten, wie beispielsweise Claviceps purpurea;
Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum;
Gibberella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Gibberella zeae;
Monographella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Monographella nivalis;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Brandpilze wie z.B.
Sphacelotheca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Tilletia caries; Urocystis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Urocystis occulta; Ustilago-Arten, wie beispielsweise Ustilago nuda;
Fruchtfäule hervorgerufen durch z.B. Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea;
Penicillium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Penicillium expansum; Sclerotinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticilium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Verticilium alboatrum;
Samen- und bodenbürtige Fäulen und Welken, sowie
Sämlingserkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z.B.
Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum;
Phytophthora Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora cactorum;
Pythium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani;
Sclerotium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotium rolfsii;
Krebserkrankungen, Gallen und Hexenbesen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Nectria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Nectria galligena;
Welkeerkrankungen hervorgerufen durch z.B. Monilinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Monilinia laxa;
Deformationen von Blättern, Blüten und Früchten, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Taphrina-Arten, wie beispielsweise Taphrina deformans;
Degenerationserkrankungen holziger pflanzen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Esca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaemoniella clamydospora;
Blüten- und Samenerkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Botrytis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea;
Erkrankungen von Pflanzenknollen, hervorgerufen durch z.B. Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani;
Die erfindungsgemäße Wirkstoffkombination eignet sich besonders gut zur Bekämpfung von Getreidekrankheiten, wie Erysiphe, Cochliobolus, Pyrenophora, Rhynchosporium, Septoria, Fusarium, Pseudocercosporella,
Leptosphaeria und Pyricularia und zur Bekämpfung von Pilzbefall an Nichtgetreidekulturen wie Wein, Obst, Erdnuss, Gemüse, beispielsweise Phythophthora, Plasmopara, Pythium sowie Echte Mehltaupilze wie zum Beispiel Sphaerotheca oder Uncinula und Blattfleckenerreger wie Venturia, 5 Alternaria und Septoria sowie Rhizoctonia, Botrytis, Sclerotinia und Sclerotium.
Die gute Pflanzenverträglichkeit der Wirkstoffkombinationen in den zur Bekämpfung von Pflanzenkrankheiten notwendigen Konzentrationen erlaubt o eine Behandlung von oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen, von Pflanz- und Saatgut, und des Bodens. Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können zur Blattapplikation oder auch als Beizmittel eingesetzt werden.
Die erlϊndungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eignen sich auch zur 5 Steigerung des Ernteertrages. Sie sind außerdem mindertoxisch und weisen eine gute Pflanzenverträglichkeit auf.
Erfindungsgemäß können alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile behandelt werden. Unter Pflanzen werden hierbei alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen o verstanden, wie erwünschte und unerwünschte Wildpflanzen oder Kulturpflanzen (einschließlich natürlich vorkommender Kulturpflanzen). Kulturpflanzen können Pflanzen sein, die durch konventionelle Züchtungs¬ und Optimierungsmethoden oder durch biotechnologische und gentechnologische Methoden oder Kombinationen dieser Methoden erhalten 5 werden können, einschließlich der transgenen Pflanzen und einschließlich der durch Sortenschutzrechte schützbaren oder nicht schützbaren Pflanzensorten. Unter Pflanzenteilen sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Spross, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stengel, o Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Samen sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial,
beispielsweise Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und Samen.
Wie bereits oben erwähnt, können erfindungsgemäß alle Pflanzen und deren Teile behandelt werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden wild vorkommende oder durch konventionelle biologische Zuchtmethoden, wie Kreuzung oder Protoplastenfusion erhaltenen Pflanzenarten und Pflanzensorten sowie deren Teile behandelt. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die durch gentechnologische Methoden gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit konventionellen Methoden erhalten wurden (Genetically Modified Organisms) und deren Teile behandelt. Der Begriff "Teile" bzw. "Teile von Pflanzen" oder "Pflanzenteile" wurde oben erläutert.
Besonders bevorzugt werden erfindungsgemäß Pflanzen der jeweils handelsüblichen oder in Gebrauch befindlichen Pflanzensorten behandelt. Unter Pflanzensorten versteht man Pflanzen mit neuen Eigenschaften ("Traits"), die sowohl durch konventionelle Züchtung, durch Mutagenese oder durch rekombinante DNA-Techniken gezüchtet worden sind. Dies können Sorten, Bio- und Genotypen sein.
Je nach Pflanzenarten bzw. Pflanzensorten, deren Standort und Wachstumsbedingungen (Böden, Klima, Vegetationsperiode, Ernährung) können durch die erfmdungsgemäße Behandlung auch überadditive ("synergistische11) Effekte auftreten. So sind beispielsweise erniedrigte Aufwandmengen und/oder Erweiterungen des Wirkungsspektrums und/oder eine Verstärkung der Wirkung der erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Stoffe und Mittel, besseres Pflanzenwachstum, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen, erhöhte Toleranz gegen Trockenheit oder gegen Wasser- bzw. Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhte Blühleistung, erleichterte Ernte, Beschleunigung der Reife, höhere Ernteerträge, höhere Qualität und/oder höherer Ernährungswert der Ernteprodukte, höhere Lagerfähigkeit und/oder Bearbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte möglich, die über die eigentlich zu erwartenden Effekte hinausgehen.
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Zu den bevorzugten erfindungsgemäß zu behandelnden transgenen (gentechnologisch erhaltenen) Pflanzen bzw. Pflanzensorten gehören alle Pflanzen, die durch die gentechnologische Modifikation genetisches Material erhielten, welches diesen Pflanzen besondere vorteilhafte wertvolle Eigenschaften ("Traits") verleiht. Beispiele für solche Eigenschaften sind besseres Pflanzenwachstum, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen, erhöhte Toleranz gegen Trockenheit oder gegen Wasser- bzw. Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhte Blühleistung, erleichterte Ernte, Beschleunigung der Reife, höhere Ernteerträge, höhere Qualität und/oder höherer Ernährungswert der Ernteprodukte, höhere Lagerfähigkeit und/oder Bearbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte. Weitere und besonders hervorgehobene Beispiele für solche Eigenschaften sind eine erhöhte Abwehr der Pflanzen gegen tierische und mikrobielle Schädlinge, wie gegenüber Insekten, Milben, pflanzenpathogenen Pilzen, Bakterien und/oder Viren sowie eine erhöhte Toleranz der Pflanzen gegen bestimmte herbizide Wirkstoffe. Als Beispiele transgener Pflanzen werden die wichtigen Kulturpflanzen, wie Getreide (Weizen, Reis), Mais, Soja, Kartoffel, Baumwolle, Raps sowie Obstpflanzen (mit den Früchten Äpfel, Birnen, Zitrusfrüchten und Weintrauben) erwähnt, wobei Mais, Soja, Kartoffel, Baumwolle und Raps besonders hervorgehoben werden. Als Eigenschaften ("Traits") werden besonders hervorgehoben die erhöhte Abwehr der Pflanzen gegen Insekten durch in den Pflanzen entstehende Toxine, insbesondere solche, die durch das genetische Material aus Bacillus Thuringiensis (z.B. durch die Gene CrylA(a), CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb und CrylF sowie deren Kombinationen) in den Pflanzen erzeugt werden (im folgenden "Bt Pflanzen"). Als Eigenschaften ("Traits") werden auch besonders hervorgehoben die erhöhte Abwehr von Pflanzen gegen Pilze, Bakterien und Viren durch Systemische Akquirierte Resistenz (SAR), Systemin, Phytoalexine, Elicitoren sowie Resistenzgene und entsprechend exprimierte Proteine und Toxine. Als Eigenschaften ("Traits") werden weiterhin besonders hervorgehoben die erhöhte Toleranz der Pflanzen gegenüber bestimmten herbiziden Wirkstoffen, beispielsweise
Imidazolinonen, Sulfonylharnstoffen, Glyphosate oder Phosphinotricin (z.B. "PAT"-Gen). Die jeweils die gewünschten Eigenschaften ("Traits") verleihenden Gene können auch in Kombinationen miteinander in den transgenen Pflanzen vorkommen. Als Beispiele für "Bt Pflanzen" seien Maissorten, Baumwollsorten, Sojasorten und Kartoffelsorten genannt, die unter den Handelsbezeichnungen YIELD GARD® (z.B. Mais, Baumwolle, Soja), KnockOut® (z.B. Mais), StarLink® (z.B. Mais), Bollgard® (Baumwolle), Nucotn® (Baumwolle) und NewLeaf® (Kartoffel) vertrieben werden. Als Beispiele für Herbizid tolerante Pflanzen seien Maissorten, Baumwollsorten und Sojasorten genannt, die unter den Handelsbezeichnungen Roundup Ready® (Toleranz gegen Glyphosate z.B. Mais, Baumwolle, Soja), Liberty Link® (Toleranz gegen Phosphinotricin, z.B. Raps), (MI® (Toleranz gegen Imidazolinone) und STS® (Toleranz gegen Sulfonylharnstoffe z.B. Mais) vertrieben werden. Als Herbizid resistente (konventionell auf Herbizid-Toleranz gezüchtete) Pflanzen seien auch die unter der Bezeichnung Clearfield® vertriebenen Sorten (z.B. Mais) erwähnt. Selbstverständlich gelten diese Aussagen auch für in der Zukunft entwickelte bzw. zukünftig auf den Markt kommende Pflanzensorten mit diesen oder zukünftig entwickelten genetischen Eigenschaften ("Traits").
Die aufgeführten Pflanzen können besonders vorteilhaft erfindungsgemäß mit den erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffmischungen behandelt werden. Die bei den Wirkstoffen bzw. Mischungen oben angegebenen Vorzugsbereiche gelten auch für die Behandlung dieser Pflanzen. Besonders hervorgehoben sei die Pflanzenbehandlung mit den im vorliegenden Text speziell aufgeführten Mischungen.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Wirkstoffen erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z.B. durch Tauchen, Sprühen, Verdampfen, Vernebeln, Streuen, Aufstreichen und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Samen, weiterhin durch ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können in die üblichen Formulierungen überführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Suspensionen, Pulver, Schäume, Pasten, Granulate, Aerosole, Feinstverkapselungen in polymeren Stoffen und in Hüllmassen für Saatgut, sowie ULV-Formulierungen.
Diese Formulierungen werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z.B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe bzw. der Wirkstoffkombinationen mit Streckmitteln, also flüssigen Lösungsmitteln, unter Druck stehenden verflüssigten Gasen und/oder festen Trägerstoffen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln, also Emulgiermitteln und/oder Dispergiermitteln und/oder schaumerzeugenden Mitteln. Im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel können z.B. auch organische Lösungsmittel als Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden. Als flüssige Lösungsmittel kommen im wesentlichen in Frage: Aromaten, wie XyIoI, Toluol oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte Aromaten oder chlorierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorbenzole, Chlorethylene oder Methylenchlorid, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Cyclohexan oder Paraffine, z.B. Erdölfraktionen, Alkohole, wie Butanol oder Glycol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone, wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösungsmittel wie Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid, sowie Wasser. Mit verflüssigten gasförmigen Streckmitteln oder Trägerstoffen sind solche Flüssigkeiten gemeint, welche bei normaler Temperatur und unter Normaldruck gasförmig sind, z.B. Aerosol-Treibgase, wie Butan, Propan, Stickstoff und Kohlendioxid. Als feste Trägerstoffe kommen in Frage: z.B. natürliche Gesteinsmehle, wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehle, wie hochdisperse Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und Silikate. Als feste Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen in Frage: z.B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit
sowie synthetische Granulate aus anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem Material wie Sägemehl, Kokosnussschalen, Maiskolben und Tabakstengel. Als Emulgier- und/oder schaumerzeugende Mittel kommen in Frage: z.B. nichtionogene und anionische Emulgatoren, wie Polyoxyethylen-Fettsäureester, Polyoxyethylen-Fettalkoholether, z.B. Alkylarylpolyglycol-ether,
Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate sowie Eiweißhydrolysate. Als Dispergiermittel kommen in Frage: z.B. Lignin-Sulfitablaugen und Methylcellulose.
Es können in den Formulierungen Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulverige, körnige oder latexförmige Polymere verwendet werden, wie Gummiarabicum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, sowie natürliche Phospholipide, wie Kephaline und Lecithine, und synthetische Phospholipide. Weitere Additive können mineralische und vegetabile Öle sein.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z.B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farbstoffe, wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Spurennährstoffe, wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink verwendet werden.
Die Formulierungen enthalten im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 und 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoffe, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 90 %.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können als solche oder in ihren Formulierungen auch in Mischung mit bekannten Fungiziden, Bakteriziden, Akariziden, Nematiziden oder Insektiziden verwendet werden, um so z.B. das Wirkungsspektrum zu verbreitern oder Resistenzentwicklungen vorzubeugen. In vielen Fällen erhält man dabei synergistische Effekte, d.h. die Wirksamkeit der Mischung ist größer als die Wirksamkeit der
Einzelkomponenten.
Fungizide:
1. Inhibition der Nucleinsäure Synthese
Benalaxyl, Benalaxyl-M, Bupirimat, Chiralaxyl, Clozylacon, Dimethirimol, Ethirimol, Furalaxyl, Hymexazol, Metalaxyl-M, Ofurace, Oxadixyl, Oxolinsäure
2. Inhibition der Mitose und Zellteilung
Benomyl, Carbendazim, Diethofencarb, Fuberidazole, Pencycuron, Thiabendazol, Thiophanat-methyl, Zoxamid
3. Inhibition der Atmungskette 3.1 Komplex I Diflumetorim
3.2 Komplex Il
Boscalid, Carboxin, Fenfuram, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Mepronil, Oxycarboxin, Penthiopyrad, Thifluzamid
3.3 Komplex III
Azoxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Dimoxystrobin, Enestrobin, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoximmethyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin
3.4 Entkoppler Dinocap, Fluazinam
3.5 Inhibition der A TP Produktion
Fentinacetat, Fentinchlorid, Fentinhydroxid, Silthiofam
4. Inhibition der Aminosäure- und Proteinbiosynthese
Andoprim, Blasticidin-S, Cyprodinil, Kasugamycin,
Kasugamycinhydrochlorid Hydrat, Mepanipyrim, Pyrimethanil
5. Inhibition der Signal Transduktion Fenpiclonil, Fludioxonil, Quinoxyfen
6. Inhibition der Fett- und Membran Synthese Chlozolinat, Iprodion, Procymidon, Vinclozolin Pyrazophos, Edifenphos, lprobenfos (IBP), Isoprothiolan Tolclofos-methyl, Biphenyl lodocarb, Propamocarb, Propamocarb hydrochlorid
7. Inhibition der Ergosterol Biosynthese Fenhexamid,
Azaconazol, Bitertanol, Bromuconazol, Cyproconazol, Diclobutrazol, Difenoconazol, Diniconazol, Diniconazol-M, Epoxiconazol, Etaconazol, Fenbuconazol, Fluquinconazol, Flusilazol, Flutriafol, Furconazol, Furconazol- cis, Hexaconazol, Imibenconazol, Ipconazol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Paclobutrazol, Penconazol, Propiconazol, Prothioconazol, Simeconazol, Tebuconazol, Tetraconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triticonazol, Uniconazol, Voriconazol, Imazalil, Imazalilsulfat, Oxpocoπazol, Fenarimol, Flurprimidol, Nuarimol, Pyrifenox, Triforin, Pefurazoat, Prochloraz, Triflumizol, Viniconazol, Aldimorph, Dodemorph, Dodemorphacetat, Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph, Fenpropidin, Spiroxamin, Naftifin, Pyributicarb, Terbinafm
8. Inhibition der Zellwand Synthese Benthiavalicarb, Bialaphos, Dimethomorph, Flumorph, Iprovalicarb, Polyoxins, Polyoxorim, Validamycin A
9. Inhibition der Melanin Biosynthese
Capropamid, Diclocymet, Fenoxanil, Phtalid, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazol
10. Resistenzinduktion Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Probenazol, Tiadinil
11. MultiSite
Captafol, Captan, Chlorothalonil, Kupfersalze wie: Kupferhydroxid, Kupfernaphthenat, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupfersulfat, Kupferoxid, Oxin-Kupfer und Bordeaux Mischung, Dichlofluanid, Dithianon, Dodin, Dodin freie Base, Ferbam, Fluorofolpet, Guazatin, Guazatinacetat, Iminoctadin, Iminoctadinalbesilat, Iminoctadintriacetat, Mankupfer, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Metiram Zink, Propineb, Schwefel und Schwefelpräparate enthaltend Calciumpolysulphid, Thiram, Tolylfluanid, Zineb, Ziram
12. Unbekannt
Amibromdol, Benthiazol, Bethoxazin, Capsimycin, Carvon, Chinomethionat, Chloropicrin, Cufraneb, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Dazomet, Debacarb, Diclomezine, Dichlorophen, Dicloran, Difenzoquat, Difenzoquat Methylsulphat, Diphenylamin, Ethaboxam, Ferimzon, flumetover, Flusulfamid, Fluopicolid, Fluoroimid, Hexachlorobenzol, 8- Hydroxychinolinsulfat, Irumamycin, Methasulphocarb, Metrafenon, Methyl Isothiocyanat, Mildiomycin, Natamycin, Nickel dimethyldithiocarbamat, Nitrothal-isopropyl.octhilinon, Oxamocarb, Oxyfenthiin, Pentachlorophenol und Salze, 2-Phenylphenol und Salze, Piperalin, Propanosin -Natrium, Proquinazid, Pyrrolnitrin, Quintozen, Tecloftalam, Tecnazen, Triazoxid, Trichlamid, Zarilamid and 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlor-4-(methylsulfonyl)-pyridin, N-(4- Chlor-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamid, 2-Amino-4- methyl-N-phenyl-5-thiazolecarboxamid, 2~Chlor-N-(2,3-dihydro-1 ,1 ,3- trimethyl-1 H-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridincarboxamid, 3-[5-(4-Chlor-phenyl)-2,3- dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridin, cis-1 -(4-Chlorphenyl)-2-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1 - yl)-cycloheptanol, 2,4-Dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[[[[1 -[3-
(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-ethyliden]-amino]-oxy]-methyl]-phenyl]-3H-1,2,3-
triazol-3-on (185336-79-2), Methyl 1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethy!-1H-inden-1- yl)-1 H-imidazole-5-carboxylat, 3,4,5-Trichlor-2,6-pyridin-dicarbonitril, Methyl 2-[[[cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl) imino]methyl]thio]methyl]-.alpha.-
(methoxymethylen)-benzacetat, 4-Chlor-alpha-propinyloxy-N-[2-[3-methoxy-
5 4-(2-propinyl-oxy)phenyl]ethyl]-benzacetamide, (2S)-N-[2-[4-[[3-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-propinyl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethyl]~ 3-methyl-2-
[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-butanamid, 5-Chlor-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin, 5-Chlor-6-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)-N-[(1 R)-1 ,2,2-trimethylpropyl][1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin- o 7-amin, δ-Chlor-N-^IRVI^-dimethylpropyll-e^^.e-trifluorophenyl) [1,2,4] triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine, N-[1 -(5-Brom-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]- 2,4-dichloronicotinamid, N-(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)methyl-2,4- dichlornicotinamid, 2-Butoxy-6-iod-3-propyl-benzopyranon-4-on, N-{(Z)- [(cyclopropylmethoxy) imino][6-(difluormethoxy)-2,3-difluorphenyl]methyl}-2- 5 benzacetamid, N-(3-Ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2- hydroxy-benzamid, 2-[[[[1-[3(1Fluor-2-phenylethyl)oxy] phenyl] ethyliden] amino]oxy]methyl]-alpha-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-alphaE-benzacetamid, N-{2-[3-Chlor-5-(trifluormethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl) benzamid, N-(3',4l-dichlor-5-fluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl- o 1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-fβ-Methoxy-S-pyridinyO-cyclopropan carboxamid, 1 -[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl-1 H-imidazol- 1 - carbonsäure, O-[1 -[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-1 H- imidazol- 1- carbothioic acid, 2-(2-{[6-(3-Chlor-2-methylphenoxy)-5- fluorpyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamid 5
Bakterizide:
Bronopol, Dichlorophen, Nitrapyrin, Nickel-Dimethyldithiocarbamat, Kasugamycin, Octhilinon, Furancarbonsäure, Oxytetracyclin, Probenazol, Streptomycin, Tecloftalam, Kupfersulfat und andere Kupfer-Zubereitungen. 0
Insektizide / Akarizide / Nematizide:
1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitoren
1.1 Carbamate (z.B. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Aldoxycarb, Allyxycarb,
Aminocarb, Azamethiphos, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Chloethocarb, Coumaphos, Cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Dimetilan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Fenothiocarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Metam-sodium, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Promecarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC, Xylylcarb)
1.2 Organophosphate (z.B. Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), Bromophos-ethyl, Bromfenvinfos (-methyl), Butathiofos, Cadusafos, Carbophenothion, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos (-methyl/-ethyl), Coumaphos, Cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulphon, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlofenthion, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilan, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, lodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-salicylate, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton- methyl, Parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phosphocarb, Phoxim, Pirimiphos (-methyl/- ethyl), Profenofos, Propaphos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Prothoate, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Pyridathion, Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon, Vamidothion)
2. Natrium-Kanal-Modulatoren / Spannungsabhängige Natrium-Kanal- Blocker 2.1 Pyrethroide (z.B. Acrinathrin, Allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), Beta- Cyfluthrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl-isomer, Bioethanomethrin, Biopermethrin, Bioresmethrin, Chlovaporthrin, Cis- Cypermethrin, Cis-Resmethrin, Cis-Permethrin, Clocythrin, Cycloprothrin,
Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), Cyphenothrin, DDT, Deltamethrin, Empenthrin (1R-isomer), Esfenvalerate, Etofenprox, Fenfluthrin, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyrithrin, Fenvalerate, Flubrocythrinate, Flucythrinate, Flufenprox, Flumethrin, Fluvalinate, Fubfenprox, Gamma-Cyhalothrin, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, Lambda- Cyhalothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin (eis-, trans-), Phenothrin (1R-trans isomer), Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Protrifenbute, Pyresmethrin, Resmethrin, RU 15525, Silafluofen, Tau-Fluvalinate, Tefluthrin, Terallethrin, Tetramethrin (1R-isomer), Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, Pyrethrins (pyrethrum)) 2.2 Oxadiazine (z.B. Indoxacarb)
3. Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Agonisten/-Antagonisten
3.1 Chloronicotinyle/Neonicotinoide (z.B. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam)
3.2 Nicotine, Bensultap, Cartap
4. Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Modulatorβn 4.1 Spinosyne (z.B. Spinosad)
5. GABA-gesteuerte Chlorid-Kanal-Antagonisten
5.1 Cyclodiene Organochlorine (z.B. Camphechlor, Chlordane, Endosulfan, Gamma-HCH, HCH, Heptachlor, Lindane, Methoxychlor
5.2 Fiprole (z.B. Acetoprole, Ethiprole, Fipronil, Vaniliprole)
6. Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren
6.1 Mectine (z.B. Abamectin, Avermectin, Emamectin, Emamectin-benzoate, Ivermectin, Milbemectin, Milbemycin)
7. Juvenilhormon-Mimetika
(z.B. Diofenolan, Epofenonane, Fenoxycarb, Hydroprene, Kinoprene, Methoprene, Pyriproxifen, Triprene)
8. Ecdysonagonisten/disruptoren
8.1 Diacylhydrazine (z.B. Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide,
Tebufenozide)
9. Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese
9.1 Benzoylharnstoffe (z.B. Bistrifluron, Chlofluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Fluazuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Penfluron, Teflubenzuron, Triflumuron)
9.2 Buprofezin 9.3 Cyromazine
10. Inhibitoren der oxidativen Phosphorylierung, ATP-Disruptoren
10.1 Diafenthiuron
10.2 Organotine (z.B. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin-oxide) 5
11. Entkoppler der oxidativen Phoshorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H- Protongradienten
11.1 Pyrrole (z.B. Chlorfenapyr)
11.2 Dinitrophenole (z.B. Binapacyrl, Dinobuton, Dinocap, DNOC) 0
12. Site-I-Elektronentransportinhibitoren
12.1 METI's (z.B. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad)
12.2 Hydramethylnone 5 12.3 Dicofol
13. Site-Il-Elektronentransportinhibitoren 13.1 Rotenone
o 14. Site-Ill-Elektronentransportinhibitoren 14.1 Acequinocyl, Fluacrypyrim
15. Mikrowelle Disruptoren der Insektendarmmembran Bacillus thuringiensis-Stämme
16. Inhibitoren der Fettsynthese
5 16.1 Tetronsäuren (z.B. Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen)
16.2 Tetramsäuren [z.B. 3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)~8-methoxy-2-oxo-1- azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (alias: Carbonic acid, 3-(2,5- dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1 -azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester, CAS-Reg.-No.: 382608-10-8) and Carbonic acid, cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)- o 8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester (CAS-Reg.-No.: 203313-25-1)]
17. Carboxamide (z.B. Flonicamid) 5
18. Oktopaminerge Agonisten (z.B. Amitraz)
19. Inhibitoren der Magnesium-stimulierten ATPase 0 (z.B. Propargite)
20. Phthalamide
(z.B. N2-[1 >1-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iod-N1-[2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2- tetrafluor-1 -(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1 ,2-benzenedicarboxamide (CAS- 5 Reg.-No.: 272451-65-7), Flubendiamide)
21. Nereistoxin-Analoge
(z.B. Thiocyclam hydrogen Oxalate, Thiosultap-sodium)
o 22. Biologika, Hormone oder Pheromone
(z.B. Azadirachtin, Bacillus spec, Beauveria spec, Codlemone, Metarrhizium spec, Paecilomyces spec, Thuringiensin, Verticillium spec.)
23. Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder nicht spezifischen Wirkmechanismen
23.1 Begasungsmittel (z.B. Aluminium phosphide, Methyl bromide, Sulfuryl fluoride)
23.2 Selektive Fraßhemmer (z.B. Cryolite, Flonicamid, Pymetrozine) 23.3 Milbenwachstumsinhibitoren (z.B. Clofentezine, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox)
23.4 Amidoflumet, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Bromopropylate, Buprofezin, Chinomethionat, Chlordimeform, Chlorobenzilate, Chloropicrin, Clothiazoben, Cycloprene, Cyflumetofen, Dicyclanil, Fenoxacrim, Fentrifanil, Flubenzimine, Flufenerim, Flutenzin, Gossyplure, Hydramethylnone, Japonilure, Metoxadiazone, Petroleum, Piperonyl butoxide, Potassium oleate, Pyrafluprole, Pyridalyl, Pyriprole, Sulfluramid, Tetradifon, Tetrasul, Triarathene, Verbutin, ferner die Verbindung 3-Methyl-phenyI-propylcarbamat (Tsumacide Z), die Verbindung 3-(5-Chlor-3-pyridinyl)-8-(2,2,2-trifluorethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octan-3-carbonitril (CAS-Reg.-Nr. 185982-80-3) und das entsprechende 3- endo-lsomere (CAS-Reg.-Nr. 185984-60-5) (vgl. WO 96/37494, WO 98/25923), sowie Präparate, welche insektizid wirksame Pflanzenextrakte, Nematoden, Pilze oder Viren enthalten.
Auch eine Mischung mit anderen bekannten Wirkstoffen, wie Herbiziden, Safenern bzw. Semiochemicals oder mit Düngemitteln und Wachstumsregulatoren ist möglich.
Die Verbindungen (I), (II) und (III) können gleichzeitig, und zwar gemeinsam oder getrennt, oder nacheinander aufgebracht werden, wobei die Reihenfolge bei getrennter Applikation im Allgemeinen keine Auswirkung auf den Bekämpfungserfolg hat.
Die Wirkstoffkombinationen können als solche, in Form ihrer Formulierungen oder den daraus bereiteten Anwendungsformen, wie gebrauchsfertige Lösungen, emulgierbare Konzentrate, Emulsionen, Suspensionen, Spritzpulver, lösliche Pulver und Granulate, angewendet
werden. Die Anwendung geschieht in üblicher Weise, z.B. durch Gießen, Verspritzen, Versprühen, Verstreuen, Verstreichen, Trocken beizen, Feuchtbeizen, Nassbeizen, Schlämmbeizen oder Inkrustieren.
Beim Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können die Aufwandmengen je nach Applikationsart innerhalb eines größeren Bereichs variiert werden. Bei der Behandlung von Pflanzenteilen liegen die Aufwandmengen an Wirkstoffkombination im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 und 10 000 g/ha, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 1 000 g/ha. Bei der Saatgutbehandlung liegen die Aufwandmengen an Wirkstoffkombination im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,001 und 50 g pro Kilogramm Saatgut, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,01 und 10 g pro Kilogramm Saatgut. Bei der Behandlung des Bodens liegen die Aufwandmengen an Wirkstoffkombination im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 und 10 000 g/ha, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5 000 g/ha.
Die gute fungizide Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen geht aus den nachfolgenden Beispielen hervor. Während die einzelnen Wirkstoffe in der fungiziden Wirkung Schwächen aufweisen, zeigen die Kombinationen eine Wirkung, die über eine einfache Wirkungssummierung hinausgeht.
Ein synergistischer Effekt liegt bei Fungiziden immer dann vor, wenn die fungizide Wirkung der Wirkstoffkombinationen größer ist als die Summe der Wirkungen der einzeln applizierten Wirkstoffe.
Die zu erwartende Wirkung für eine gegebene Kombination von 2 oder 3 Wirkstoffen kann nach S.R. Colby („Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 1967. 15, 20-22) wie folgt berechnet werden:
Wenn
X den Wirkungsgrad beim Einsatz des Wirkstoffes A in einer
Aufwandmenge von m ppm bedeutet,
Y den Wirkungsgrad beim Einsatz des Wirkstoffes B in einer Aufwandmenge von n ppm bedeutet,
iT
I
Z den Wirkungsgrad beim Einsatz des Wirkstoffes C in einer
Aufwandmenge von LPP^ bedeutet,
E-j den Wirkungsgrad beim Einsatz der Wirkstoffe A und B in
Aufwandmengen von m und n ppm bedeutet und
Ε-i den Wirkungsgrad beim Einsatz der Wirkstoffe A und B und C in
Aufwandmengen von m und n und r ppm bedeutet,
dann ist
X - Y
= X T Y -
100
und für eine Kombination aus 3 Wirkstoffen:
X X Y Y -X Z ^ Z X Y-Z
- 2 = X - v Y + Z -
100 10000
Dabei wird der Wirkungsgrad in % ermittelt. Es bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der demjenigen der Kontrolle entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Befall beobachtet wird.
Ist die tatsächliche fungizide Wirkung größer als berechnet, so ist die
Kombination in ihrer Wirkung überadditiv, d.h. es liegt ein synergistischer
Effekt vor. In diesem Fall muss der tatsächlich beobachtete Wirkungsgrad größer sein als der aus der oben angeführten Formel errechnete Wert für
die erwarteten Wirkungsgrade Ei bzw. E2.
Die Erfindung wird durch die folgenden Beispiele veranschaulicht. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf die Beispiele limitiert.
Beispiel
Pyricularia oryzae -Test (in vitro) / Microtiterplatten
Der Microtest wird in Mikrotiterplatten mit Potato-Dextrose Broth (PDB) als flüssigem Versuchsmedium durchgeführt. Die Anwendung der Wirkstoffe erfolgt als technisches a.L, gelöst in Aceton. Zur Inokulation wird eine
Sporensuspension von Pyricularia oryzae verwendet. Nach 3 Tagen
Inkubation bei Dunkelheit und unter Schütteln (10 Hrz) wird die
Lichtdurchlässigkeit in jeder gefüllten Kavität der Mikrotiterplatten mit Hilfe eines Spectrophotometers ermittelt.
Dabei bedeutet 0 % ein Wirkungsgrad, der dem Wachstum in den Kontrollen entspricht, während ein Wirkungsgrad von 100 % bedeutet, dass kein Pilzwachstum beobachtet wird.
Aus der nachfolgenden Tabelle geht eindeutig hervor, dass die gefundene Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombination größer ist als die berechnete, d.h., dass ein synergistischer Effekt vorliegt.
TABELLE
Pyricularia orvzae -Test (in vitro) / Microtest
Erfindungsgemäße Mischung:
Mischungs Aufwand- tatsächlicher Erwartungswert, -Verhältnis menge an Wirkungs- berechnet mit Wirkstoff in grad Colby-Formel
(I) + (II) + (Ml) 1:1:1 1+1+1 87 56
Claims
1. Wirkstoffkombination, enthaltend eine Verbindung der Formel
(Fluoxastrobin)
und
(1) eine Verbindung der Formel
ole)
und
(2) eine Verbindung der Formel
l)
2. Wirkstoffkombination gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Wirkstoffkombination das Gewichtsverhältnis von Wirkstoff der Formel (I) zu
Wirkstoff der Formel (II) 1:0,1 bis 1:100 beträgt, und zu
Wirkstoff der Formel (III) 1 :0,1 bis 1 :30 beträgt.
3. Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von phythopathogenen Pilzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Wirkstoffkombination wie in Anspruch 1 oder 2 definiert auf die Pilze und/oder deren Lebensraum oder die von ihnen freizuhaltenden Pflanzen, Pflanzenteile, Samen, Böden, Flächen, Materialien oder Räume einwirken lässt.
4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass man die Verbindung (I) gemäß Anspruch 1 , die Verbindung (II) gemäß Anspruch 1 und die Verbindung (III) gemäß Anspruch 1 gleichzeitig gemeinsam oder getrennt oder nacheinander ausbringt.
5. Vermehrungsmaterial, beschichtet mit einer Wirkstoffkombination gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4.
6. Fungizide Mittel, enthaltend einen Gehalt an einer Wirkstoffkombination wie in Anspruch 1 definiert.
7. Verwendung der Wirkstoffkombination bzw. Mittel wie in den Ansprüchen 1 , 2 und 6 defniert zur Bekämpfung von Pilzen.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung von fungiziden Mitteln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Wirkstoffkombination gemäß Anspruch 1 mit Streckmitteln und/oder oberflächenaktiven Stoffen vermischt.
9. Verwendung von Wirkstoffkombinationen gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Behandlung von transgenen Pflanzen.
10. Verwendung von Wirkstoffkombinationen gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Behandlung von Saatgut transgener Pflanzen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200410043819 DE102004043819A1 (de) | 2004-09-10 | 2004-09-10 | Fungizide Wirkstoffkombination |
| PCT/EP2005/009560 WO2006027209A1 (de) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-09-06 | Fungizide wirkstoffkombination |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1791429A1 true EP1791429A1 (de) | 2007-06-06 |
Family
ID=36011315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05783853A Withdrawn EP1791429A1 (de) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-09-06 | Fungizide wirkstoffkombination |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1791429A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2005281832A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004043819A1 (de) |
| NZ (1) | NZ553660A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006027209A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200701934B (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19739982A1 (de) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-06-18 | Bayer Ag | Fungizide Wirkstoffkombinationen |
| DE10335183A1 (de) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-24 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungizide Wirkstoffkombinationen |
-
2004
- 2004-09-10 DE DE200410043819 patent/DE102004043819A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-09-06 EP EP05783853A patent/EP1791429A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-06 AU AU2005281832A patent/AU2005281832A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-06 NZ NZ553660A patent/NZ553660A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-06 WO PCT/EP2005/009560 patent/WO2006027209A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-03-06 ZA ZA200701934A patent/ZA200701934B/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006027209A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102004043819A1 (de) | 2006-03-30 |
| ZA200701934B (en) | 2008-08-27 |
| AU2005281832A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| NZ553660A (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| WO2006027209A1 (de) | 2006-03-16 |
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