EP1790032A1 - Antenne reseau reflecteur a zone de couverture de forme reconfigurable avec ou sans chargeur - Google Patents
Antenne reseau reflecteur a zone de couverture de forme reconfigurable avec ou sans chargeurInfo
- Publication number
- EP1790032A1 EP1790032A1 EP05792084A EP05792084A EP1790032A1 EP 1790032 A1 EP1790032 A1 EP 1790032A1 EP 05792084 A EP05792084 A EP 05792084A EP 05792084 A EP05792084 A EP 05792084A EP 1790032 A1 EP1790032 A1 EP 1790032A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- rri
- phase
- antenna according
- waves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
- H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
- H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of embedded network antennas, for example on satellites, and more particularly the reflector array antennas (or "reflectarray antennas").
- the reflector array antennas constitute one of the two main families of network antennas, the other family consisting of phased array antennas (or "Phased Array Antennas").
- the term "reflecting array antenna” is understood to mean an antenna comprising radiating elements defining a reflective network and charged with intercepting with minimal losses of the waves, comprising signals to be transmitted, delivered by a primary source, in order to reflect them in one direction. chosen, called the pointing direction.
- the aforementioned network antennas are interesting because they allow to detach a beam radiating to a given coverage area (or “spot"), to move from this coverage area to another.
- the misalignment is done by reconfiguring its antenna pattern by means of phase control devices associated with each of its radiating elements. It is recalled that a phase control device constitutes with the associated radiating element a passive or active phase-shifting cell.
- phase-shifting cell is understood to mean both a cavity-and-slot structure and a planar resonant structure with a radiating pad (or "patch").
- a first solution consists in using so-called active network antennas, for example those of the DRA or FAFR type.
- the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that it requires particularly complex and expensive antennas.
- a second solution is to use a two-reflector antenna, the so-called “sub-reflector” being hyperbolic or elliptical (according to the geometries called “Cassegrain” or “Gregory") and having a common focus with the other reflector said "principal” type (almost) parabolic. In this case, the main reflector can be tilted.
- the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that it induces a defocusing of the beam, and consequently a degradation of the performances.
- this solution makes it possible to achieve a reconfiguration pointing beam and does not change the shape of said beam.
- a third solution uses, as the previous one, a two-reflector antenna and furthermore comprises a mechanism that can either move the sub-reflector (for example by rotating it around its axis of revolution when it has an elliptical cutout) or replace a sub-reflector by another, shaped differently, (when two or three sub-reflectors are mounted around the same mast).
- the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that the number of sub-reflectors is limited (typically two or three) because they are shaped differently and very bulky, and therefore can not be stacked.
- a reflector array antenna comprising: a source delivering signals in the form of waves, at least two different and independent reflector networks each comprising at least two phase-shifting cells responsible for imposing on the waves delivered by the source a selected phase shift and (as far as possible) a selected frequency phase dispersion, which selected phase shift and / or selected dispersion varies from one reflector array to another, and a charging device coupled to the reflector gratings and responsible for placing one of them in a selected position with respect to the source so that the waves it delivers undergo the phase shift and frequency phase dispersion imposed by its phase-shifter cells, so as to be reflected in a chosen direction, by generating a desired shape lobe (either by a radiation followed by a single reflection, or by a radiation followed by two reflections including one on a main reflector).
- the antenna according to the invention may comprise other characteristics that may be taken separately or in combination, and in particular: its reflector gratings may have a substantially planar or substantially parabolic wave reflection face when they act as " reflector "or substantially planar, substantially elliptical or substantially hyperbolic when they act as a secondary reflector (that is to say in the presence of a main reflector), its loading device may comprise at least one axis on which are rotatably mounted reflector gratings at different angular positions which allow to position substantially one above the other in an initial position and responsible for selectively rotating around this axis at least one of the reflector networks so to place it in the chosen position.
- the loading device may comprise at least one housing (or magazine) in which the reflector gratings are stored and "gripping" and moving means designed to selectively grasp one of the reflector gratings in the housing in order to provide to extract from it and then to place it in the chosen position, the phase-shifter cells of at least one of the reflector gratings can be passive type.
- phase-shifting cells of at least one of the reflector gratings may be of the active type.
- they may for example each have a resonant characteristic length and each comprise in at least one selected location a micron electromechanical device, MEMS type, adapted to be placed in at least two different states allowing and respectively prohibiting the establishment of a short-circuit intended to vary the resonant length, so as to vary the phase shift of the waves to be reflected in the direction chosen, at least one said main reflector responsible for reflecting in a pointing direction of a selected area the waves which are reflected in the direction chosen by the reflector array which is placed in the chosen position,
- MEMS type micron electromechanical device
- each main reflector may have a substantially parabolic wave reflection face (when it is of conventional type (non-etched reflection face)), or else substantially parabolic or plane (when said reflection face comprises an etched reflector grating) ,
- this other loading device may for example comprise at least one axis on which are rotatably mounted the main reflectors at different angular positions which allow to position substantially one above the other in an initial position, and it can be selectively to rotate about this axis one at least the main reflectors so as to place it in the chosen position
- the other loading device may for example comprise at least one housing (or store) in which are stored the main reflectors and gripping means and movement to selectively enter into the housing one of the main reflectors in order to extract it from the latter and then to place it in the chosen position.
- the invention also proposes a reflector array antenna comprising: a source delivering signals in the form of waves, a reflector array comprising at least two phase-shifting cells responsible for imposing on the waves delivered by the source a selected phase shift and (in any case as far as possible) a selected frequency phase dispersion, so as to reflect them in a chosen direction, and at least one main reflector responsible for reflecting in a pointing direction of a selected area the waves reflected in the direction selected by the reflector network.
- each reflector network may have a substantially planar or substantially parabolic wave reflection face
- the phase-shifting cells may be passive type.
- they each comprise for example a substantially planar resonant structure comprising at least one upper block placed substantially parallel to a lower ground plane, at a selected distance, and having at least one slot, the dimensions of the block and the slot and the distance being chosen so as to impose the chosen phase shift and the phase dispersion in frequency chosen on the waves to be reflected
- at least one of the main reflectors may have a substantially parabolic wave reflection face
- one at least one of the main reflectors may have a substantially parabolic or substantially planar wave reflection face on which an etched reflector grating is formed, comprising passive or active phase-shifting cells, for example such as those presented above, in the presence of at least two main reflectors, having different optical characteristics allows both to reflect in different pointing directions the reflected waves in the direction chosen
- the loading device may for example comprise at least one housing (or magazine) in which are stored the main reflectors and gripping and displacement means responsible for selectively gripping in the housing one of the main reflectors in order to extract it from it and place it in the chosen position.
- the invention is particularly well adapted, although not exclusively, to geostationary telecommunication antennas in the Ku (12 to 18 GHz) band, with reconfigurable coverage (both in shape and position), and to SAR antennas synthetic aperture, especially in C (4 to 8 GHz) or X (8 to 12 GHz) bands.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a first state of a first exemplary embodiment of FIG. a reconfigurable reflector array antenna according to the invention
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates, in a top view, an embodiment of a phase shifter cell
- - Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along the axis III- 1ll of the phase-shifting cell of FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a second state of the first embodiment of a reconfigurable reflector array antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a second exemplary embodiment of FIG. a reconfigurable reflector array antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a first state of a first exemplary embodiment of FIG. a reconfigurable reflector array antenna according to the invention
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along the axis III- 1ll of the phase-shifting cell of FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a second state of the first embodiment of a reconfigurable reflector array antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a first variant of the second exemplary reflective network antenna embodiment
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a second variant of the second exemplary embodiment of a reconfigurable reflector network antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a third exemplary embodiment of a network antenna. reflector according to the invention
- FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a variant of the second exemplary reflector array antenna embodiment according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 describe a first exemplary embodiment of a reconfigurable reflector array antenna A according to the invention.
- the antenna A is on board a geostationary telecommunication satellite in Ku band (12 to 18 GHz).
- the invention is not limited to this application. It concerns in fact radar antennas embedded on satellites, flying possibly in formation, or on airplanes or spacecraft, such as shuttles.
- the invention is well suited to SAR antennas [synthetic aperture radar, C-band (4 to 8 GHz) or X-band (8 to 12 GHz)].
- the reflector array antenna A comprises a support structure SS adapted to be secured to a satellite (not shown) and on which is first fixed, at a chosen location, a primary source S charged to deliver at a selected solid DPS main direction angle, referred to as the pointing direction of the source, waves comprising signals to be transmitted.
- the source is for example made in the form of a horn.
- Each reflector network RRi comprises at least two charged phase-shifter cells CD, when they are placed in a position chosen with respect to the source S, to impose on the waves (which are delivered by the latter) a chosen phase shift and, if possible, a selected phase dispersion in order to reflect them in a selected direction DPA.
- phase shift and / or phase dispersion in chosen frequency varies (s) from a reflector network RRi to another RRi ', so that the coverage area (or “spot") of the beam of antenna A, and / or the shape of this zone, vary. according to the selected RRi reflector network.
- phase-shifting cells can be envisaged.
- the phase shifter cells CD which are formed on the reflector networks RRi are preferably of the passive type. More preferably still, and as illustrated in FIGS.
- each phase-shifting cell CD may comprise a substantially planar resonant structure comprising at least one upper block PS placed substantially parallel to a lower ground plane PM1, at a selected distance, and comprising at least one FP slot.
- the dimensions of the pad (s) and the slot (s) and the distance (s) is (are) chosen in order to impose the chosen phase shift and phase dispersion in selected frequency. to the waves to think.
- the passive resonant structure CD comprises a substrate SB comprising a rear (or lower) face, secured to a lower ground plane PM 1, and a front face (or upper ), secured to at least one upper patch (or patch) PS having at least one slot FP.
- the upper block PS is placed substantially parallel to the lower ground plane PM 1 and has dimensions smaller than its own.
- the upper block PS is of rectangular shape, and preferably square.
- each slot FP is preferably of rectangular shape defined by two long sides (longitudinal), of length b, and two small sides (transverse), of width a.
- Each slot FP is for example made by etching the ground plane constituting the upper pad PS.
- the upper block PS When the upper block PS has only one slot FP, it is preferably placed substantially at its center.
- the upper pavement PS may comprise several slots FP, possibly of different dimensions.
- the dimensions of the upper pad PS, and in particular its length x, and the slot FP, and in particular its length b, as well as the thickness of the substrate SB it is possible to impose both a selected phase shift and a selected phase dispersion in frequency.
- the dimensions and thicknesses can be deduced from ⁇ urbes giving the evolution of the phase shift ⁇ as a function of the length b of the slot FP, for several different values x of upper paver length PS and for a thickness of substrate SB (by example equal to about 2 mm).
- the SB substrate is for example made of Duro ⁇ d ® or TMM ® or multilayer structure (including for example a honeycomb spacer, or a permittivity foam close to 1, separating substrates of very small thicknesses , on the upper face of which are engraved metal patterns and on the lower face of which is engraved a ground plane), and has a thickness of weak, typically of the order of ⁇ / 10 to ⁇ / 5, where ⁇ is the wavelength in the vacuum of the waves to be reflected, coming from the source of the antenna.
- phase-shifting cell CD makes it possible to obtain any phase shift, and in particular phase shifts (very) greater than 360 °. It also makes it possible to control the dispersion of this phase shift in frequency.
- phase shifts By using on the different RRi reflector gratings diffracting CD cells of different characteristics, such as slots of different lengths, different current paths and therefore characteristic resonant lengths (or electrical lengths) different from the upper PS blocks are obtained. which makes it possible to obtain different phase shifts of the reflected wave. It is important to note that the upper PS block must be resonant at ⁇ / 2.
- passive reflector networks allows to board a large number, for example five or even ten, and that their manufacturing cost is reduced. This results from the fact that they are very thin, typically of the order of a centimeter and can all have identical dimensions and curvatures (often zero in the case of the simplest planar reflector gratings), only their phase-shifter cells CD, placed on their upper face FRi reflection, being different. It is also important to note that the phase shifters can alternatively be of the active type.
- active phase-shifter cells having a characteristic resonant length and comprising, in at least one selected location, a micron electromechanical device, of the MEMS ("Micro ElectroMechanical System”) type, which can be placed in at least two different states allowing and prohibiting respectively the establishment of a short circuit intended to varying the characteristic resonant length, in order to vary the phase shift of the waves to reflect which have at least one linear polarization.
- MEMS Micro ElectroMechanical System
- active cells are particularly interesting because they offer one or more additional degrees of freedom in terms of antenna reconfigurability. As will be seen below, they are particularly well suited to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, and to which will be discussed later.
- phase-shifting cells just like the passive phase-shifting cells presented above, are described in particular in patent document FR 0450575. It is conceivable that certain reflector gratings comprise passive phase-shifting cells, and that certain other reflector gratings comprise phase-shifting cells. active.
- the charging device DC comprises an axis X on which the reflector networks RR1 to RR3 are rotatably mounted.
- the angular positions of the three reflector arrays RR 1 with respect to the X axis are different so that they can be positioned substantially one above the other in an initial position.
- the position in which a reflector network RRi may be placed may coincide with the position it possesses when all the reflector arrays are in the initial position (shown in FIG. 1), but this is not mandatory.
- the reflector networks RRi are initially folded against the satellite (or the SS support structure), their reflection face FRi then pointing towards the satellite, and that it must be rotated to the chosen position in order to place any of them in the chosen position, its reflection face FRi then being oriented towards the target coverage area.
- the three reflecting arrays RR1 to RR3 are maintained in their initial position.
- the second reflector grating RR2 interposed between the first RR1 and third RR3 reflector networks, rotates to the left the first reflector network RR1 so that it allows the reflection face FR2 of the second reflector network RR2 to collect the waves delivered by the source S so as to reflect them (after phase shifts adapted to the shape of the beam to be generated) towards its own coverage area.
- This situation is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the third reflector grating RR3 the first RR1 and second RR2 reflector gratings are rotated to the left so as to enable the reflection face FR3 of FIG.
- the loading device DC may comprise at least one housing (or store) LO, defined in the SS support structure or by a housing secured to the satellite, and in which are stored, for example in the form of a stack, the different RRi reflector networks.
- the DC charging device comprises a "grasping" and moving mechanism MPD initially charged to selectively seize, inside the housing LO, one of the reflector networks RRi in order to extract it from this one, then in a second time to place it in the chosen position.
- a charging device DC is schematically illustrated in Figure 5, which will be discussed later.
- the gripping and moving mechanism MPD begins by grasping the reflector network RRi placed outside the housing LO so that to replace it inside the latter, then it captures in the housing LO the new reflector network RRi 'in order to extract it and then place it in its chosen reflection position.
- the reflection face FRi of the reflective networks RRi may be substantially parabolic, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4. But, in a variant, the reflection face FRi of the reflector networks RRi may be substantially flat. It is important to note that the chosen reflection position is not necessarily the same for all RRi reflector networks.
- the network antenna Reflector A comprises a said main reflector RP in addition to its set of at least two reflective networks RRi.
- the reflector network RRi which is placed in its chosen reflection position, is responsible for reflecting the waves coming from the source S after having subjected them to a selected phase shift and, if possible, a selected frequency phase dispersion.
- the main reflector RP is positioned so as to intercept the path of the waves reflected by the reflector network RRi used, in order to reflect them in turn (but without phase shift) in the pointing direction of the antenna DPA corresponding to said reflector network RRi used .
- the wave reflection face FR 'of the main reflector RP is for example substantially parabolic when it constitutes a conventional reflector without etching and not a reflector grating.
- planar reflector networks RRi could be combined with a main reflector (RRP) also arranged in the form of a planar reflecting grating.
- RRP main reflector
- Elliptic RRI reflector gratings could also be used with a parabolic main reflector (RP) or with a planar main reflector network (RRP).
- RP parabolic main reflector
- RRP planar main reflector network
- the solution having the best mass / cost / performance combination uses a conventional parabolic RP main reflector (and therefore without etching) and several (sub) IR reflective (secondary) reflectors that interchangeably, providing various phase laws and thus various diagrams. antenna.
- This second embodiment is intended to overcome a disadvantage presented by the first embodiment. Indeed, the differences in the wave path, between the source S and the reflective network used RRi, introduce a frequency dispersion which limits the bandwidth of the antenna A, and can only be partially compensated by the phase-shifter cells CD.
- the dimension of the RRi reflector networks must be less than 1 meter if it is desired to obtain stable performance on approximately 10% of the bandwidth.
- the main function of the RRi reflector networks is to determine the shape of the beam (and therefore of the coverage area (or spot)) and generate small misalignments; of the Very high offsets can be provided by the main reflector RP.
- the main reflector RP is secured to the support structure SS (or to the satellite) via a displacement mechanism MD for controlling its misalignment.
- a thermal protection PT at the place where the reflector array used is used, here RR2.
- This thermal protection PT may be constituted by (or over) a part of the support structure SS (or by an element attached thereto) or by an element attached to the satellite.
- FIG. 5 the thermal protection PT
- the charging device DC comprises a gripping mechanism and moving MPD responsible for selectively grasping, inside the housing LO, one of the reflector networks (for example RR2) in order to extract it, then to place it in the selected reflection position that corresponds to its chosen reflection direction DRR2.
- the gripping and displacing mechanism MPD comprises for example a push mechanism, responsible for extracting the reflector gratings RRi 'inside the housing LO and responsible for conveying them to their chosen reflection position, for example by means of rails, then bring them back to the LO slot when required.
- the reconfiguration of the antenna A requires the replacement of a reflector network RRi by another reflector network RRi ', by means of the DC charging device, and / or the repositioning of the main reflector RP, by means of its movement mechanism MD.
- a reflector network RRi by another reflector network RRi ', by means of the DC charging device, and / or the repositioning of the main reflector RP, by means of its movement mechanism MD.
- the rotary support SR is for example provided with a number j of axes of rotation Xj (not shown), on each of which is rotatably mounted a subset SEj of reflective networks RRij.
- the rotary support SR is rotated so that the subset SEj, to which the selected reflective network RRij belongs, is placed in the vicinity of the reflection position, and then rotates about the axis Xj at least the reflective network RRij selected so that it is placed in its chosen reflection position and can reflect the waves emitted by the source S and apply appropriate phase shifts to them.
- This other variant can also be applied to the first embodiment.
- the antenna does not have a single main reflector RP, but several main reflectors RPk having different optical characteristics.
- k is equal to 3, but it can take any value greater than or equal to 2.
- Each main reflector RPk is arranged to reflect the reflected waves in the direction chosen by the reflector network RRi (placed in its chosen position), in a selected pointing direction DPAk. Due to their different optical characteristics, the pointing directions DPAk of the main reflectors RPk are different.
- the main reflectors RPk are coupled to another DC charging device secured to the support structure SS (as illustrated) or directly to the satellite.
- This other DC charging device is responsible for placing one of the main reflectors RPk, which are coupled to it, in a selected position relative to the selected reflector network RRi which is placed in its chosen reflection position. Once the main reflector RPk is placed, it can reflect the reflected waves (and out of phase by the reflective network used RRi) in its own pointing direction DPAk.
- This DC charging device can, like the DC charged reflector networks RRi, be in any form as soon as it is able to select one of the main reflectors RPk to place it in the chosen position allowing it to reflect the waves in its own pointing direction DPAk.
- the charging device DC comprises an axis X 'on which the main reflectors RP1 to RP3 are rotatably mounted.
- the position in which a main reflector RPk may be placed may coincide with the position it has when all the main reflectors are in its initial position, but this is not required as illustrated in FIG. main reflectors RPk are indeed initially folded against the satellite (or SS support structure), their reflection face FRk 'then pointing to the satellite, in the initial position.
- the loading device DC must consequently drive them in rotation towards the left, towards their chosen reflection positions, in order to place any one of them in its chosen reflection position, its reflection face FRk 'then being oriented to the reflector network used RRi and the target coverage area.
- the opposite situation can also be considered with the same DC charging device.
- the second main reflector RP2 interposed between the first RP 1 and third RP3 main reflectors, is rotated to the right the third main reflector RP3 so that it allows the reflection face FR2 'of the second reflector main RP2 to collect reflected (and processed) waves by the reflector network used (eg RR1) so as to reflect them towards its own coverage area.
- the reflector network used eg RR1
- first main reflector RP1 if one wishes to use the first main reflector RP1, one drives in rotation to the right the third RP3 and second RP2 main reflectors so that they allow the reflection face FR1 'of the first main reflector RP1 to collect the waves reflected (and processed) by the reflector network used (for example RR1) so as to reflect them in the direction of its own area of coverage.
- the reflector network used for example RR1
- the charging device DC may comprise at least one housing (or store), defined in the support structure SS or by a housing secured to the satellite, and in which are stored, for example in the form of a stack, the different main reflectors RPk.
- the DC charging device comprises a gripping and displacement mechanism initially charged with selectively grasping, inside the housing, one of the main reflectors RPk in order to extract it from the latter, then in a second time to place it in its chosen position of reflection.
- the gripping mechanism and movement begins by grabbing the main reflector RPk placed out of the housing to replace it inside the latter, then it captures in the housing the new main reflector RPk 'in order to extract it and then place it in its chosen reflection position.
- the chosen reflection position is not necessarily the same for all the main reflectors RPk.
- the reflection face FRk 'of the main reflectors RPk may be either substantially parabolic or substantially flat.
- any type of DC charging device for selecting one of the RRi reflector networks, to place it in its chosen reflection position allowing it to reflect the waves (in its direction of reflection chosen DRRi), may be used, and in particular those described above with reference to FIGS. 1, 5 and 6.
- At least one of the main reflectors (RRPk), or even all, may be arranged in the form of a parabolic or planar reflector array.
- RRPk main reflectors
- FIGS. 5 to 7 What differentiates this third embodiment of the second (illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7) is the fact that the antenna A has only one and only one RR reflector network mounted, preferably, on a mechanism moving MD "secured to the SS support structure (or to the satellite).
- the antenna A also comprises, as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, a single and only main reflector RP mounted on a displacement mechanism MD.
- the operating mode of this antenna A is therefore identical to that of the antenna illustrated in FIG. 5 (once one of its reflector gratings has been selected and placed in its chosen position of reflection and phase shift). Consequently, the reflector network RR is responsible for reflecting the waves coming from the source S after having subjected them to a selected phase shift and, if possible, a selected frequency phase dispersion.
- the main reflector RP is positioned to intercept the path of the waves reflected by the reflector network RR, in order to reflect them in turn (but without phase shift) in the pointing direction of the antenna DPA corresponding to the reflector network RR.
- This pointing direction of the antenna DPA can be chosen by means of the movement mechanism MD "of the reflector network RR and / or the movement mechanism MD of the main reflector RP.
- the shape of the coverage area can not be modified once the antenna is in orbit (except when active phase shifter cells (for example with MEMS) are used), this shape is therefore initially chosen based on need just before the start of a mission.
- These various RR reflector arrays which have been tested and are therefore all ready to be installed, are for example stored in an external ME store at the antenna A, as illustrated in FIG. 8. It is also possible for each antenna A several different main reflectors with optical properties different.
- the different reflector networks are possibly stored in the external store ME, as well as possibly among the different main reflectors, that (or those) that corresponds (ent).
- all the reflector networks stored in the external magazine ME do not necessarily all include passive phase shifters or active phase shifters. Indeed, some reflector gratings may include passive phase-shifter cells, while some other reflector gratings include active phase-shifter cells. In this embodiment, and in the presence of passive phase-shifting cells, the reconfigurability of the antenna A therefore results from the choice of reflector gratings, as well as possibly from the choice of main reflectors, just before the start of the mission.
- the reconfigurability of antenna A results both from the choice of reflector gratings, as well as possibly from the choice of main reflectors, just before the start of the mission. but also states in which the active phase shifters are placed during the mission.
- the wave reflection face FR 'of the main reflector RP is for example substantially parabolic when it is of conventional type without etching and therefore does not constitute a reflective grating.
- a planar RR reflector network may be combined with a RRP main reflector also arranged in the form of a planar reflector array.
- RRP main reflector also arranged in the form of a planar reflector array.
- the antenna A comprises, as in the example illustrated in FIG. 7, several main reflectors RPk (or RRPk) having different optical characteristics.
- k is equal to 3, but it can take any value greater than or equal to 2.
- Each main reflector RPk (or RRPk) is arranged to reflect the reflected waves in the direction chosen by the reflector network RR, in a selected pointing direction DPAk. Due to their different optical characteristics, the pointing directions DPAk of the main reflectors RPk are different.
- the main reflectors RPk (or RRPk) are coupled to a DC loading device secured to the support structure SS (as illustrated) or directly to the satellite.
- This DC charging device is responsible for placing one of the main reflectors RPk, which are coupled to it, in a selected position relative to the reflector network RR. Once the main reflector RPk is placed, it can reflect the reflected waves (and out of phase by the reflector network RR) in its own pointing direction DPAk.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0451940A FR2874749B1 (fr) | 2004-08-31 | 2004-08-31 | Antenne reseau reflecteur a zone de couverture de forme reconfigurable avec ou sans chargeur |
| PCT/FR2005/050602 WO2006027509A1 (fr) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-07-21 | Antenne reseau reflecteur a zone de couverture de forme reconfigurable avec ou sans chargeur |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1790032A1 true EP1790032A1 (fr) | 2007-05-30 |
| EP1790032B1 EP1790032B1 (fr) | 2016-04-20 |
Family
ID=34951330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05792084.5A Expired - Lifetime EP1790032B1 (fr) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-07-21 | Antenne reseau reflecteur a zone de couverture de forme reconfigurable avec ou sans chargeur |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7932868B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1790032B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2874749B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006027509A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2911011B1 (fr) | 2006-12-27 | 2010-08-27 | Alcatel Lucent | Antenne reseau rayonnant reconfigurable |
| DE102008011350A1 (de) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Loeffler Technology Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Echtzeiterfassung von elektromagnetischer THz-Strahlung |
| FR2936906B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-07 | 2011-11-25 | Thales Sa | Reseau reflecteur a arrangement optimise et antenne comportant un tel reseau reflecteur |
| US8253620B2 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2012-08-28 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Synthesized aperture three-dimensional radar imaging |
| MC200141A1 (fr) * | 2010-07-09 | 2011-09-07 | Ceglie Andrea Di | Reflecteur parabolique pour antenne pour radio communication fabrique en materiel plastique |
| CN102117971B (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2013-09-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | 低散射平面反射阵列天线 |
| EP2773978A1 (fr) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-09-10 | Raytheon Company | Procédés et appareils pour détection radar à synthèse d'ouverture étendue |
| EP2916388B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-05 | 2017-07-26 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenne réseau, procédé de configuration et système de communication |
| US9935376B2 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2018-04-03 | Idac Holdings, Inc. | Antenna reflector system |
| US10222467B2 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2019-03-05 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Two-way coded aperture three-dimensional radar imaging |
| EP3258538B1 (fr) | 2016-06-15 | 2019-06-19 | MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Corporation | Mécanisme d'échange de réflecteur d'antenne |
| US11303020B2 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2022-04-12 | Metawave Corporation | High gain relay antenna system with multiple passive reflect arrays |
| US11258182B2 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-02-22 | Metawave Corporation | Meta-structure based reflectarrays for enhanced wireless applications |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2648278A1 (fr) * | 1989-06-13 | 1990-12-14 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Antenne a faisceaux commutables |
| US6031502A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-02-29 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | On-orbit reconfigurability of a shaped reflector with feed/reflector defocusing and reflector gimballing |
| US6031506A (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 2000-02-29 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Method for improving pattern bandwidth of shaped beam reflectarrays |
| US6239763B1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-05-29 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Apparatus and method for reconfiguring antenna contoured beams by switching between shaped-surface subreflectors |
| SE516840C3 (sv) * | 1999-12-21 | 2002-06-26 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | En anordning vid antenn, antenn samt metod för att framställa en antennreflektor |
| US6774851B1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-08-10 | Her Majesty In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Industry | Antenna with variable phase shift |
| US6580399B1 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-06-17 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Antenna system having positioning mechanism for reflector |
| US6642889B1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-04 | Raytheon Company | Asymmetric-element reflect array antenna |
-
2004
- 2004-08-31 FR FR0451940A patent/FR2874749B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-21 US US11/574,391 patent/US7932868B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-21 WO PCT/FR2005/050602 patent/WO2006027509A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2005-07-21 EP EP05792084.5A patent/EP1790032B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006027509A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1790032B1 (fr) | 2016-04-20 |
| US20070268192A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| FR2874749A1 (fr) | 2006-03-03 |
| WO2006027509A1 (fr) | 2006-03-16 |
| US7932868B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 |
| FR2874749B1 (fr) | 2006-11-24 |
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