EP1782086A1 - Capteur de champ magnetique et module elementaire incorporant ce capteur - Google Patents
Capteur de champ magnetique et module elementaire incorporant ce capteurInfo
- Publication number
- EP1782086A1 EP1782086A1 EP05798189A EP05798189A EP1782086A1 EP 1782086 A1 EP1782086 A1 EP 1782086A1 EP 05798189 A EP05798189 A EP 05798189A EP 05798189 A EP05798189 A EP 05798189A EP 1782086 A1 EP1782086 A1 EP 1782086A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- amplifier
- magnetic field
- inductor
- sensor according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magnetic field sensor and an elementary module incorporating this sensor.
- Known sensors comprise: a transducer for transforming a magnetic field to be measured into an electrical quantity,
- reaction inductor capable of bringing an external magnetic field closer to a reference value
- integrated linear amplifier capable of amplifying the electrical quantity
- this loop having two ends, one of which is connected to an output of the amplifier.
- the end of the main feedback loop is connected directly to one of the inputs of the amplifier so as to perform a voltage and current feedback that fixes the gain of this amplifier and therefore of the sensor.
- the aim of the invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a simpler magnetic field sensor.
- the invention therefore relates to a sensor characterized in that the other end of the main feedback loop is connected to the reaction inductor.
- the above sensor is simpler because the main feedback loop designed to fix the gain of the sensor and the feedback loop to fix the transfer function of this sensor are here combined. Thus one and the same feedback loop fulfills both functions.
- the embodiments of this sensor may include one or more of the following features: - a single integrated linear amplifier;
- the amplifier comprises first and second inputs, the first input being connected to the transducer for receiving the electrical quantity, and the sensor comprises a control terminal suitable for receiving an operating instruction, this control terminal being connected to the second amplifier input to set an operating point of the sensor;
- a reset terminal adapted to receive a reset signal from the amplifier, this reset terminal being connected to one of the inputs of the amplifier for desaturating the amplifier in response to the reset signal; at least one control terminal capable of receiving a control signal, this control terminal being connected to the feedback inductor for varying the magnetic field induced by this inductor as a function of the control signal;
- this secondary feedback loop capable of stabilizing the operation of the amplifier in response to parasitic disturbances, this secondary feedback loop comprising only a capacitor; the main feedback loop has only one resistor;
- the transducer is arranged to form a half-Wheatstone bridge having a midpoint, this midpoint being connected to an input of the amplifier;
- the transducer comprises at least one giant magnetoresistance and / or a giant magneto-impedance.
- the subject of the invention is also an elementary module comprising:
- a secondary inductor capable of generating a magnetic field penetrating a room to be controlled, the secondary inductor being integral with the sensor.
- the embodiments of this elementary module may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: the sensor has a preferred direction of measurement, the secondary inductor has a magnetic axis directed towards the part to be controlled, this magnetic axis being coincident with the direction preferential measurement.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective illustration of the architecture of a system fault detection in a test room
- FIG. 2 is an electronic diagram of a magnetic field sensor used in the system of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a perspective illustration of a transducer used in the sensor of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a control unit used in the system of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a fault detection method in a room to be checked
- FIG. 6 is an electronic diagram of another embodiment of a sensor that can be used in the system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 represents a system, designated by the general reference 2, of fault detection in a part 4 to be checked.
- Part 4 is a conductive or weakly conductive or magnetic part.
- the piece 4 is for example a metal section formed of a horizontal parallelepiped 6 and a rib 8 projecting on the upper face of the parallelepiped 6.
- Such a part 4 may have numerous defects that could disturb the flow of an eddy current in this part. These defects may be emergent cracks or not.
- the upper surface of the part 4 comprises a conductivity break represented by an emergent crack 10.
- the system 2 comprises a main inductor 20 connected to a controllable source 22 of alternating current.
- the main inductor 20 is here formed of a loop of conductive material extending mainly in a plane parallel to the upper surface of the parallelepiped 6. By virtue of this, the inductor 20 is capable of creating a main magnetic field penetrating into the piece 4 to generate eddy currents in this piece.
- the source 22 is able to modify the frequency or the amplitude of the alternating current flowing in the inductor 20 so as to modify the sensitivity of the system vis-à-vis defects buried deep in the room 4.
- System 2 comprises a plurality of magnetic field sensors for measuring the magnetic fields induced by the eddy currents flowing in room 4.
- sensors 24 to 27 are shown. These sensors are, for example, all identical and only the sensor 24 will be described in more detail later.
- the sensor 24 has a preferred direction of measurement facing the upper surface of the part 4.
- the sensors are connected via a control bus 30 and measuring channels 32 to a control unit 34 of the system 2.
- the unit 34 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
- Each sensor 24 to 27 is associated with a respective secondary inductor 40 to 43.
- Each secondary inductor is able to create a magnetic field penetrating into the room to be controlled to generate eddy currents in this room.
- these secondary inductors are identical to each other and only the inductor 40 will be described here in detail.
- the inductor 40 is, for example, formed of a cylindrical coil whose winding axis is perpendicular to the surface of the part 4.
- the coil 40 is placed relative to the sensor 24 so that its axis winding is aligned with the preferred direction of measurement of the sensor 24.
- each secondary inductor is disposed within a surface delimited by the main inductor 20.
- These secondary inductors are connected to a controllable source 46 of alternating current. This source 46 is able to vary the frequency and amplitude of the current to modify the sensitivity of the system 2.
- Each secondary inductor is integral with the sensor with which it is associated. This set formed by a sensor and its secondary inductor is called, here, "elementary module".
- Each elementary module of the system 2 is removable and mechanically independent of the other elementary modules.
- the system 2 thus also comprises mechanical means of assembly / disassembly of these elementary modules together.
- these assembly / disassembly means comprise a fixing support 50 on which the elementary modules are fixed by means of screws or any other appropriate securing means.
- FIG. 2 represents the electronic diagram of the sensor 24.
- This sensor 24 comprises:
- transducer 60 for transforming a magnetic field into an electrical quantity
- an integrated linear amplifier 62 for amplifying the electrical quantity delivered by the transducer 60
- a main feedback loop 64 for fixing the bulk of the gain of the amplifier 62 a secondary feedback loop 66 for stabilizing the closed-loop transfer function of the amplifier 62,
- a feedback inductor 68 capable of generating a magnetic field B r designed to be superimposed in the opposite direction to an external magnetic field B ext.
- the field B ext is, for example, induced by eddy currents.
- the transducer 60 is here, for example, formed of two giant magnetoresistances or GMR 70 and 72 arranged to form a half-Wheatstone bridge.
- This half-bridge Wheatstone has a midpoint 74 connected to a non-inverting input 76 of the amplifier 62.
- the ends of the magnetoresistors 70 and 72 not connected to the midpoint are respectively connected to a source 80 of positive voltage V cc and to a source 82 of negative voltage V dd .
- sources 80 and 82 are adjustable so as to reduce if necessary the noise generated by the magnetoresistances.
- the amplifier 62 has an inverting input 86 connected to a voltage adder 88.
- the adder 88 is connected to a control terminal 90 and to a reset terminal 92.
- the terminal 90 is intended to receive an operating setpoint for setting the operating point of the sensor 24 in an area where the transfer function of the magnetoresistors 70 and 72 is optimal in terms of signal ratio on this noise and in terms of field transfer.
- the terminal 92 is intended to receive a reset voltage suitable for desaturating the amplifier 62.
- the adder 88 is able to add the voltages received via the terminals 90 and 92 and to deliver the resulting voltage to the input 86 .
- the loop 64 has an end connected directly to an output 94 of the amplifier 62 and another end directly connected to an end 96 of the inductor 68.
- the loop 64 has a feedback resistor 98 connected between its two ends.
- the value of the resistor 98 and the inductor 68 fix the bulk of the gain of the transfer function of the sensor 24, that is to say they contribute more than 90% and, preferably, more than 99%. %, to the value of this gain in the frequency range of the servo. This percentage is calculated with respect to the ideal case where the operational amplifier has an infinite gain.
- the loop 66 has an end connected to the output 94 and another end connected to the input 86. This loop 66 comprises only a capacitor 102.
- the sensor 24 comprises a control terminal 104 connected via a resistor 106 to the end 96 of the inductor 68.
- the terminal 104 is intended to receive a known voltage V b for controlling the correct operation of the sensor. 24.
- the senor 24 has an output terminal 108.
- This terminal 108 delivers a field value representative of the measured magnetic field.
- This field value is, here, a voltage V 3 or a current i s .
- FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the inductor 68 with respect to the transducer 60.
- the transducer 60 is in the form of a parallelepiped having a width L and a height H less than 1 mm and preferably smaller than equal to 500 ⁇ m.
- the length P of this parallelepiped is between 2 and 5 mm.
- the parallelepiped contains the two magnetoresistors 70 and 72 connected in series via the midpoint
- the inductor 68 is a cylindrical coil wound around the transducer 60 along its entire length. The windings of the coil are in direct contact with the outer surface of the transducer 60 over more than 30% of their length.
- End faces 110 and 112 of the transducer 60 not covered by the windings of the inductor 68 include terminals 114 for connection to the power sources 80 and 82. Here, only the end face 110 is visible.
- FIG. 4 shows in more detail the control unit 34.
- the unit 34 controls the power sources 22 and 46.
- it comprises a control module 120 connected to the sources 22 and 46.
- the unit 34 comprises a controllable voltage source 122 connected to the bus 30 and an acquisition module 124 connected to the measurement channels 32. More precisely, here, the bus 32 consists of three conductors 126, 128 and 130 for each sensor. , respectively connected to the terminals 90, 92 and 104 of the sensor.
- the measurement channels 32 are, for example, composed of four conductors each connected to a respective output terminal 108.
- the module 124 is able to acquire the field values and then transmit them to a processing module 140 via an internal bus 142.
- the processing module 140 is able to process the field values acquired for deduce information on a defect of the part 4. For example, here, the module 140 is able to locate a defect.
- the unit 34 also comprises a module 150 for automatically setting a preset adjustment and, for illustrative purposes, two modules 152, 154 for balancing the field values delivered by the sensors as a function of a pre-adjustment. established in a memory 156.
- the balancing module 152 is able to control a field generator to modify the field measured by each of the sensors according to the preset setting.
- the module 152 uses as the field generator the secondary inductors 40 to 43.
- the module 152 is connected to the module 120 via the bus 142.
- the balancing module 154 is able to correct the field values acquired by the module 124 before transmitting them to the module 140 for processing.
- the corrections are made according to the preset setting stored in the memory 156.
- the module 150 automatically sets and saves the preset setting (s) in the memory 156.
- the or each preset setting is determined so that in the absence of a fault, the field values processed by the module 140 are equal. For this, the setting is determined using field values acquired by the system 2 in the absence of a fault.
- the unit 34 comprises a control module 158 and a man / machine interface.
- the module 158 makes it possible to check the correct operation of each sensor by sending via the source 122 a control voltage V b to the terminal 104 of the sensor to be monitored. To carry out this check, the module 158 contains, for example, stored in a local memory, the value of the resistor 98 and the inductance value of the inductor 68 for each sensor.
- the human / machine interface of the unit 34 comprises, by way of example, a key 160 for activating the module 150, a key 162 for activating the control module 158, a key 164 for activating the module. sending a reset voltage V r to the terminal 92 of each of the sensors and also a screen 166 to present to the user the results of the measurements made by the sensors and the information produced by the module 140.
- the keys 162 and 164 are respectively connected to the modules 158 and 122.
- the screen 166 is associated with the processing module 140 via the bus 142.
- the key 160 is connected to the module 150 to trigger the automatic setting pre ⁇ established setting only in response to the depression of this key.
- the user proceeds to a system calibration phase 180 for a particular room to be checked such as, for example, the room 4.
- a system calibration phase 180 for a particular room to be checked such as, for example, the room 4.
- the user places , in a step 182, the system 2 in its control position in front of a test piece which it is sure that it is free of defects.
- the user depresses, in a step 184, the key 160.
- the module 124 acquires, during a step 186, the field values delivered by each of the sensors in this position. Once this acquisition is completed, the module 150 automatically sets, during a step 188, the setting stored in the memory 156.
- the method used to automatically set this adjustment is related to the method used to balance, when using the system 2, the field values delivered by the sensors.
- two different methods for automatically setting the setting to be memorized are described.
- the first method is simply to record in the memory 156 as a preset setting, the field values delivered by each of the sensors.
- the second method consists in varying the intensity of the current in each of the secondary inductors 40 to 43 until the field values delivered by each of the sensors are equal. Indeed, by changing the intensity of the current in the secondary inductor, it also changes the field in which the transducer 60 is placed and therefore the field value delivered by the sensor.
- the setting recorded in this case corresponds to the currents currents flowing in the secondary inductors at the time when the field values are equal. This setting for use by the module 152 is stored in the memory 156.
- main inductor 20 generates, during a step 202, a magnetic field penetrating into part 4. This field causes the creation of eddy current in part 4. These eddy currents induce the field magnetic B ext measurable by the sensors 24 to 27.
- the sensors 24 to 27 measure the magnetic field and deliver corresponding field values that are acquired by the module 124.
- the module 152 and / or 154 balances, during a step 206, the field values so that, in the absence of a fault, all the field values are equal and this despite the presence of the rib 8.
- the first and second methods can only be implemented if, respectively, the first and second methods of automatic setting of the pre-established setting have previously been implemented in phase 180.
- the submodule 154 subtracts from the field values acquired by the module 124 the field values set in step 188 with the first method of establishment.
- the second balancing method consists in modifying the magnetic field measured by the sensors using the secondary inductors.
- the module 152 controls through the module 120 the secondary inductors 40 to 43 according to the setting established in step 188 using the second establishment method.
- the magnetic fields measured by the sensors 24 to 27 are modified so that, in the absence of a fault, the field values delivered by each of the sensors 24 to 27 remain identical.
- the balanced field values are processed by the module 140 to optimize the measurement dynamics.
- the balanced field values are added to each other, subtracted from each other and / or compared to each other. If the sum or subtraction of the balanced field values is invariant or if the comparison of the field values indicates that they are all equal, then no fault is detected and the process returns to steps 202, 204 and 206.
- a step 212 for processing a fault is executed.
- the control unit 34 deactivates the primary inductor 20 and activates, during an operation 214, the secondary inductors 40 to 43 so that they generate simultaneously or one after the other a magnetic field penetrating into the part 4.
- the sensors 24 to 27 measure, during an operation 216, the magnetic field and deliver field values and, during an operation 218, these are balanced according to the setting established in step 188.
- the operations 216 and 218 are similar to steps 204 and 206, respectively, and are therefore not described here in greater detail. Note however that if the second balancing method is used during the operation 218, the currents required to balance the sensors flowing in the secondary inductors are superimposed on those necessary to produce a magnetic field penetrating into the part 4.
- one or all of the sensors 24 to 27 can be reset during a step 230. More specifically, during this step 230, the user presses the button 164 and, in response, the source 122 generates a voltage V r and applies it to the terminal 92 of one or more sensors so as to desaturate the amplifier 62. In fact, if it happens that the magnetic field B r generated by the inductor 68 adds to the external field B ext ⁇ instead of being subtracted from it, the amplifier 62 is no longer stabilized by the feedback loop 64 and saturates. It is therefore necessary in this case to reset it by applying a voltage on the terminal 92.
- the user can proceed to a step 234 for checking the correct operation of one or more sensors by pressing the key 162.
- the module 158 commands the source 122 for applying, during an operation 236, a known voltage V b or a known control current i b on the terminal 104 of one or more sensors.
- This voltage V b or this current i b modifies in a known manner the magnetic field B r induced by the inductor 68.
- the module 158 calculates, during a operation 240, the variation of the expected field value in response to the application of the voltage Vb or the current i b , using for this purpose the known transfer function of the sensor. Then, during an operation 242 it compares the variation of the expected field value with that acquired. If these variations then correspond to the module 158 determines that the sensor is working properly. In the opposite case, a malfunction of the sensor is detected and the module 158 transmits this information to the screen 166 which displays it during an operation 244 or the module 158 automatically controls the source 122 to reset the faulty sensor.
- the system 2 described here has many advantages.
- a roughness or a defect of voluntary conductivity, such as for example the rib 8 is not detected as a defect. It is therefore possible to use the system 2 to control parts that are not flat.
- the system 2 can also be modulated thanks to the means of assembly / disassembly of the elementary modules and thanks to its function of balancing the sensors. Therefore, it is possible to change the position of the elementary modules within the system 2 to adapt to new parts to be controlled without the need to change the control unit.
- phase 180 is a calibration phase vis-à-vis a room without defects.
- this phase 180 is replaced by a vacuum calibration phase.
- This vacuum calibration phase is identical to phase 180 with the exception of step 182 which is replaced by a step in which the sensors are placed in a position where there are no conductive or magnetic parts to control .
- system 2 has been described in the particular case where it comprises all the elements necessary to implement the first and second methods of establishing an automatic adjustment and the first and second balancing methods. However, preferably only one of these methods is implemented. For example, if only the first automatic setup method and the first balancing method are implemented, the secondary inductors are not used to calibrate the system or to balance the field values. If only the second methods of automatic tuning and balancing are implemented, the module 154 can be removed.
- the sensors 24 to 27 have been described in the particular case where their transfer functions are fixed in their designs.
- the transfer function of each sensor is adjustable by a transfer function adjustment module integrated, for example, to the control unit 34.
- the value of the resistor 98 of each sensor is modifiable by this adjustment module.
- the first and / or the second balancing method is replaced by a third balancing method consisting in modifying the transfer function of each sensor so that, at rest, the field values delivered by each of these sensors are equal.
- the pre-established settings used by this balancing module are made using a third setting method of varying the transfer function of the sensors until the field values in the absence of defect are equal.
- the preset setting stored in the memory 156 is the value of the resistors 98 to be adjusted.
- each sensor is associated with several secondary inductors.
- the winding axis of the inductor 40 is not necessarily perpendicular to the surface of the part to be controlled nor aligned with the preferred direction of measurement of the sensor with which it is associated.
- the reset voltage V r is used to reset a sensor.
- this reset voltage is used to disable a sensor by continuously saturating it.
- the operation of the system 2 has been described in the particular case where the main inductor 20 is first activated and then deactivated when the secondary inductors are used.
- the main inductor and the secondary inductors are simultaneously activated and used.
- the system 2 has been described in the preferred case where the latter uses sensors such as those described with reference to FIG. 2.
- other sensors may be used such as, for example, Hall effect or magnetoimpedance sensors. giant (GMI).
- GMI giant
- the sensor described with reference to Figure 2 has many advantages. In particular, the use of a half bridge Wheatstone significantly simplifies the structure of the sensor and to achieve the structure described in Figure 2. Under these conditions, the gain of the amplifier 62 may be important.
- Such an embodiment is better than a complete Wheatstone bridge because in a complete bridge there is always a balancing fault even in the absence of external stresses, which means that the midpoint is not exactly at 0 volts and that a very large gain for the amplifier is not possible.
- the feedback that determines the gain of the amplifier 62 is by a counter-reaction in the field and not by a feedback voltage or current on the input 86.
- the amplifier present in this configuration a maximum rate of variation of the output voltage, also known as the "slew rate", much better than in known field-servo sensors wherein the gain of each amplifier is determined by a current or voltage feedback loop having a resistor.
- the senor 24 has a very large dynamic range. .
- the senor 24 has only one amplifier used both to amplify the electrical quantity generated by the transducer 60 and to linearize the transfer function of the sensor. The sensor is therefore simpler to implement and more economical than known sensors.
- the secondary feedback loop 66 may be omitted.
- the input 86 of the amplifier 62 has been described as an inverting input while the input 76 has been described as a non-inverting input.
- the input 86 is a non-inverting input and the input 76 is an inverting input. This does not change the operation of the sensor 24.
- the cross section of the inductor 68 has been described as being identical to the section of the transducer 60.
- the cross section of the inductor 68 is circular and the inside diameter of this circular section is equal to the length of the large diagonal cross section of the transducer 60.
- the voltage sources 80 and 82 are replaced by current sources.
- the transducer 282 comprises a giant-effect magnetoimpedance or GMI 284 connected at one of its ends to an oscillator 286 capable of exciting this magnetoimpedance 284.
- the other end of the magnetoimpedance 284 is connected to a reference potential.
- the reference potential is common to the magnetoimpedance 284 and to one end of the inductor 68.
- the signal generated by the magnetoimpedance in response to a magnetic field is converted by a field detector 290 into a voltage representative of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic field. Magnetoimpedance 284. This voltage is transmitted to the input 76 of the amplifier 62.
- the operation of the sensor 280 is identical to that of the sensor 24.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0409160A FR2874703B1 (fr) | 2004-08-27 | 2004-08-27 | Capteur de champ magnetique et module elementaire incorporant ce capteur |
| PCT/FR2005/002133 WO2006027459A1 (fr) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-24 | Capteur de champ magnetique et module elementaire incorporant ce capteur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1782086A1 true EP1782086A1 (fr) | 2007-05-09 |
Family
ID=34949131
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05798189A Withdrawn EP1782086A1 (fr) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-24 | Capteur de champ magnetique et module elementaire incorporant ce capteur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1782086A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2874703B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006027459A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5952825A (en) * | 1997-08-14 | 1999-09-14 | Honeywell Inc. | Magnetic field sensing device having integral coils for producing magnetic fields |
| US6376933B1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2002-04-23 | Honeywell International Inc. | Magneto-resistive signal isolator |
| US6992482B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2006-01-31 | Jentek Sensors, Inc. | Magnetic field sensor having a switchable drive current spatial distribution |
| US6888346B2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2005-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Magnetoresistive flux focusing eddy current flaw detection |
-
2004
- 2004-08-27 FR FR0409160A patent/FR2874703B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-08-24 EP EP05798189A patent/EP1782086A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-24 WO PCT/FR2005/002133 patent/WO2006027459A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ANONYMOUS: "Amplificateur opérationnel", 11 January 2010 (2010-01-11), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificateur_op%C3%A9rationnel> [retrieved on 20100121] * |
| ANONYMOUS: "L'amplificateur linéaire intégré réel et ses défauts", Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.scourge.fr/mathdesc/documents/elec/ali_reel.pdf> [retrieved on 20100121] * |
| See also references of WO2006027459A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006027459A1 (fr) | 2006-03-16 |
| FR2874703B1 (fr) | 2007-02-09 |
| FR2874703A1 (fr) | 2006-03-03 |
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