EP1756253A1 - Liquide matriciel servant a produire une suspension d'enlevement de copeaux, utilise en tant que liquide lubrifiant ou liquide de traitement - Google Patents

Liquide matriciel servant a produire une suspension d'enlevement de copeaux, utilise en tant que liquide lubrifiant ou liquide de traitement

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Publication number
EP1756253A1
EP1756253A1 EP05754371A EP05754371A EP1756253A1 EP 1756253 A1 EP1756253 A1 EP 1756253A1 EP 05754371 A EP05754371 A EP 05754371A EP 05754371 A EP05754371 A EP 05754371A EP 1756253 A1 EP1756253 A1 EP 1756253A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thickener
suspension
mixture
water
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05754371A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Eisner
Michael Menner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP1756253A1 publication Critical patent/EP1756253A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/0016—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of chemical agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/0058—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by filtration and centrifugation processes; apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/04—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning aqueous emulsion based
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/091—Water solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/16—Antiseptic; (micro) biocidal or bactericidal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a matrix fluid for the production of machining suspensions, a machining suspension produced with the matrix fluid and a method for fractionating the used machining suspension obtained after use.
  • the invention also relates to a similar mixture of a polymer or different polymers with water, which can be used particularly advantageously in all technical applications in which lubricating properties are required of a liquid.
  • Machining suspensions consist of a matrix liquid and a fine particulate fraction suspended in it, which consists of sharp-edged and hard cutting grain particles such as diamond, corundum or silicon carbide and, if applicable, a fraction of abrasion from the processed material and
  • Machining suspensions are used in the field of machining metal materials or in the processing and lapping of brittle hard materials such as ceramics, quartz and silicon.
  • Machining processes in which machining suspensions are used include grinding, lapping, lapping, wire sawing, sanding, polishing and other processes in which fine chips are separated from a solid material.
  • the suspensions are conveyed to the place where they can develop their cutting effect.
  • the workpieces to be machined are brought into contact with the workpiece under pressure, if necessary with the help of a tool such as a wire saw.
  • the relative movement between the cutting grain and / or the tool and the workpiece cuts fine chips from the material to be processed and transfers them to the machining suspension.
  • the matrix liquid contained in the machining suspension - which is also referred to below as liquid - ensures that the cutting grains and abrasion particles are evenly distributed and stably dispersed in the machining suspension. In addition, the liquid ensures that the chips are removed from the machining site and that the temperature increase is limited at the machining site.
  • the amount of abrasion of the workpiece (and possibly the tool) in the machining suspension increases during processing.
  • the usage properties of the suspension change and the machining suspension must be removed from the process and disposed of.
  • a large part of the high-priced cutting grains in the suspension have not yet been used up. Since they are stably dispersed in the suspension, they can only be separated from the suspension with great effort. After separation, the cutting grains can be used again, for example in the case of silicon carbide, for the production of a new machining suspension or for other technical applications such as the production of ceramics, refractory materials, grinding wheels or grinding papers. However, this requires a sharp separation between the individual constituent fractions of the machining suspension.
  • the table below shows typical ranges of the composition of a machining suspension.
  • Cutting suspensions are produced according to the prior art by mixing a matrix liquid with particulate cutting grains.
  • the aim is for the cutting grain fraction to be largely stably dispersed in the liquid while the suspension is in use.
  • the cutting grain fraction then does not sediment at the bottom of the storage container or in the feed lines of the suspension.
  • machining suspensions Most of the machining suspensions used remain stable for many hours, sometimes even for weeks, without the solids completely sedimenting. This is achieved primarily because the machining suspensions contain matrix liquids with high viscosities. Matrix liquids are used with viscosities at 20 ° C of over 10 mPas - in lapping applications, liquids between 10 mPas and 150 mPas are used, in some cases
  • the liquid in machining suspensions consists of alcohol-based liquids such as polyglycols or of water-immiscible liquids such as mineral oils.
  • the alcohols used in machining suspensions are dipropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol such as, for example, PEG 200.
  • Mineral oils based on matrix fluids include cutting oils made from petroleum refined oils or liquids based on synthetic hydrocarbons or biogenic oils.
  • water is not used as the matrix liquid, since water does not have a viscosity in order to be able to produce a stable machining suspension.
  • the workpieces must be cleaned and the suspensions and the matrix liquid separated from the workpieces. Cleaning requirements are particularly high, for example, when lapping silicon blocks to silicon wafers.
  • machining suspensions should therefore be composed in such a way that separation of the cutting grain fraction from the suspension and recycling of the cutting grain is easy. Currently, this can only be achieved with the help of a high level of technical effort.
  • Process water that is used to lower the viscosity is contaminated with a high load of alcohol.
  • the transfer of the matrix liquid into the process water requires high expenditure for cleaning the water. This means that these methods are not suitable for cost-effective separation of the machining suspensions.
  • lubricating fluids consist primarily of petroleum fractions, synthetic oils, esters from fatty acids, native oils and
  • Fats or contain such oils or fats are suitable oils or fats. Thanks to their viscosity and wetting properties, the oils ensure that friction and wear are reduced at the contact point between two solids moving against each other.
  • oils are their long-term stability. Some of them come for months or years e.g. as gear or hydraulic oil, without their properties changing noticeably or biodegradation occurring.
  • oils are mixed with water to reduce costs and emulsified / stabilized with the aid of emulsifiers, the lubricating properties change very quickly, for example due to segregation or biological decomposition of at least some of the organic components. Mixtures of this type are therefore not stable over the long term and cannot be used for applications, for example as hydraulic oil or as cooling lubricant, in which they have to remain in the processing machine for a long time.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a matrix liquid for the production of dispersion-stable machining suspensions, a machining suspension which can be produced with the matrix liquid and a method for fractionating the machining suspension after its use, which avoid the described disadvantages of the prior art.
  • Another job of The present invention is to provide a liquid which has lubricating properties for applications with metals and for hydraulic applications, which is long-term stable, is not biodegradable or is very difficult to degrade, causes low costs, simply from
  • the liquid should be easy to separate from workpiece surfaces.
  • the liquid should be easy to separate from workpiece surfaces.
  • Claims 30 and 31 also specify a method for treating the mixture used as a lubricating or processing liquid, with which the washability and biodegradability of the lubricating or processing liquid is improved after use.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims or can be found in the following description and the exemplary embodiments.
  • the liquid according to the invention for the production of a machining suspension is a mixture of water and a thickener which is soluble or dispersible in water and that in the liquid Viscosity increased in such a way that the liquid is suitable for forming a stable machining suspension after mixing with cutting grains and possibly abrasion particles.
  • thickeners which are known from applications in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, can also be used to produce matrix liquids for machining suspensions.
  • a particular advantage when using matrix liquids based on water is the higher heat capacity of the water compared to
  • Alcohols and oils which achieve a better cooling effect at the machining site.
  • thickeners in principle, the following can be used as thickeners: • organic natural thickeners such as agar agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, carob bean gum, starch, celluloses, dextrins, gelatin, casein; • Organic modified natural substances such as carboxymethyl celluloses and other cellulose ethers, celluloses, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and other modified celluloses or the like or meal meal ether; • Organic fully synthetic thickeners such as polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines and polyamides and • Inorganic thickeners such as polysilicic acids, clay minerals such as montmorillonites, zeolites, silicas; and • mixtures of different thickeners.
  • organic natural thickeners such as agar agar, carrageenan, trag
  • liquid or lubricating liquid is a mixture of water and a polymeric additive which is soluble or dispersible in water and which gives the liquid a lubricating property.
  • the lubricating liquid preferably contains only water and the one or more polymers mentioned and, if appropriate, further substances which do not influence the lubricating action, e.g. Preservatives.
  • water-based lubricants is the high heat capacity of the water compared to oils, which results in a better cooling effect at the point of friction.
  • thickening and viscosity-changing polymers can be used as polymers, such as:
  • Organic natural polymers such as Carrageenan, pectins, polyoses, starch, celluloses, dextrins, gelatin, casein;
  • organic modified natural polymers such as carboxymethyl celluloses and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and other modified celluloses;
  • organic fully synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic and polyethacrylic compounds, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines and polyamides;
  • inorganic polymers such as polysilicic acids; such as • Mixtures of different of these polymers.
  • the concentration of the thickener or polymer will not exceed values of 25% by mass in most applications.
  • Favorable concentrations for the thickener or polymer will not exceed values of 25% by mass in most applications.
  • Thickeners or polymers are less than 10% by mass, and special advantages result from using less than 5% by mass. There are particularly efficient thickeners or polymers that can be used with less than 1% by mass.
  • the polysaccharide xanthan even at 0.25% by mass at 40 ° C with approx. 40 mPas still has the same viscosity as polyethylene glycol 200 or a commercially available lubricating oil.
  • For the production of the present lubricating liquid it is possible to adapt viscosities to 1 mPas precisely to the respective application by varying the concentration of the polymer. This is not so easily possible with conventional oils, since individual fractions from petroleum distillation are used for lubrication, which are divided into classes of about 10 mPas, 20 mPas and 40 mPas in terms of viscosity.
  • the person skilled in the art is able to select the suitable substances from the groups of thickeners or polymers mentioned.
  • Different demands are placed on the matrix fluidity in the various applications of machining.
  • the viscosity, the rheological properties and the sliding and lubricating properties of the matrix liquid e.g. specifically adapted to the processes of lapping, polishing, lapping or other processes of different materials with different cutting grain sizes and materials.
  • Different requirements are also placed on the lubricating liquid in the various applications.
  • Stability, washability from the machined surface and the sliding and lubricating properties are adapted to the specific requirements and different materials.
  • targeted changes in the liquid properties can be achieved by varying the concentration of the thickener or polymer or by using a different or an additional thickener or polymer.
  • the matrix or lubricating liquid according to the invention for cooling the workpiece surfaces offers the advantage that high energies can be dissipated from the workpiece by partial evaporation of the water, for example at the location of machining.
  • the high evaporation enthalpy of the water contained prevents the workpiece from overheating.
  • the low concentration of thickener or polymer in the water minimizes contamination of the workpiece by the thickener remaining during evaporation or with residues of the lubricant.
  • the mixture of thickener or polymer and water leads to a single-phase mixture. In some applications, multi-phase systems can lead to segregation, which can change the stability of the suspension or the properties of the lubricant.
  • the matrix or lubricating liquid contains natural or modified organic polymers such as modified celluloses, proteins or polysaccharides such as e.g. Xanthan.
  • a liquid By adding less measure. - Percentage of a modified cellulose in water a liquid can be produced which, with regard to its viscosity and its rheological behavior as a Newtonian liquid, can hardly be distinguished from dipropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol 200 or from spindle oils.
  • the substitution of alcohols or oils by the matrix or lubricating liquid according to the invention is thus possible without changing the processes that have existed up to now.
  • the liquid according to the invention is particularly suitable as a replacement for polyglycols in machining suspension, which are used in the production of silicon wafers.
  • machining suspensions consist of 35 to 65% by mass matrix liquid, 30 to 60% silicon carbide, 7 to 25% silicon abrasion and up to 5% iron abrasion from the wire saw.
  • the addition of acids to lower the pH in the matrix liquid can be advantageous.
  • the mixture of water and modified cellulose produced can moreover only be split by a few enzymes that can be produced by microorganisms and is therefore very difficult to biodegrade or degrade.
  • the mixture could from water and modified cellulose can be stored at room temperature for 5 months without changing the viscosity of the liquid.
  • the liquid according to the invention thus has a good shelf life.
  • xanthan as a thickener in the liquid according to the invention, however, has another surprising effect.
  • This substance in a mixture with water exhibits a pronounced pseudoplastic behavior.
  • the viscosity in such liquid lines is low
  • Cleave strands of molecules to lower viscosity and improve washability and biodegradability of the lubricant are suitable.
  • this can be achieved, for example, by: • Entry of mechanical energy, such as Turrax, stirring; when used in machining suspensions, the machining process itself leads to a partial splitting of molecules of the thickeners or polymers; • Entry of thermal energy such as thermal hydrolysis processes even under increased pressure; • Use of acids or bases to chemically change the molecules; • Enzyme treatments or other methods with which the molecules are split, which, for example, changes the viscosity of the matrix liquid of the machining suspension.
  • the viscosity of the matrix liquid from modified cellulose is e.g. reduced by adding a cellulase to the machining suspension in such a way that the machining suspension is destabilized and sedimentation of the particles begins.
  • the viscosity can be reduced in such a way that the finest particles, e.g. the abrasion particles remain in suspension, while larger particles, e.g. Sediment the cutting grains. In combination with wet classification, this effect enables a particularly sharp one
  • Another advantageous and simple method for fractionating a machining suspension which contains the matrix liquid according to the invention provides, in a first step, to reduce the viscosity of the machining suspension only by adding water in order to destabilize the suspension.
  • the machining suspension in spite of the thickeners contained in the suspension, can do so simply by adding water destabilized that parts of the solids sediment. Finer solid particles remain stable in suspension. This enables a particularly sharp separation of the solid fractions, for example in a subsequent classification of the particles.
  • the process of destabilizing the machining suspension by adding water can be achieved with less water if parts of the matrix liquid or parts of the thickener are removed from the
  • Cutting suspension can be removed.
  • this can also be achieved, for example, mechanically by squeezing the liquid or using other methods such as absorption.
  • the time at which the water is added has an influence on the viscosity of the diluted suspension produced in the process.
  • the viscosity in the used machining suspension becomes lower if the ratio of water to thickener is adjusted to the same value by adding water after use of the suspension than if the same ratio of water to thickener was adjusted by adding water before use , This effect can also be observed when the
  • the concentration of the thickener can be reduced • by enzymatic, thermal, chemical or hydrolytic cleavage of the thickener and / or • by mechanical separation of part of the liquid from the suspension beforehand and / or • by filling the missing liquid with water.
  • a cutting suspension containing a matrix liquid according to the invention can be mixed with water much more easily and quickly than all cutting suspensions available according to the prior art which contain water-miscible matrix liquids, e.g. Contain alcohols.
  • the separation of the particles in the liquid diluted with water - that is, the splitting of existing particle agglomerates - can be achieved more quickly with the cutting suspension according to the invention than with known cutting suspensions according to the prior art.
  • Known mechanical separators such as centrifuges, decanters, hydrocyclones, sedimentation, filtration or other separation and classification processes can be used to make a sharp separation of the cutting grain fraction from the abrasion and from the liquid using wet classification.
  • Dry classifying, air classifying or others can be used. With the help of a thermal aftertreatment, it is then possible to very efficiently separate residues of the dry thickener from the surfaces of the cutting grain.
  • Wetting properties of the liquid can be achieved. In this way, charges on the particle surfaces can be influenced and the formation of particle agglomerates can be reduced or existing agglomerates can even be destroyed. By decomposing the thickening agent, the sedimentation of the cutting particles can be achieved, whereas the finer abrasion particles do not agglomerate and remain stably dispersed. This further reduces the effort required for particle classification.
  • the changes in liquid properties can also be further added by adding salts and surfactants be reinforced.
  • the cleavage of the thickener molecules shows e.g. through enzymatic, thermal or acid or alkali treatment that also biological
  • the biodegradability of the lubricating liquid according to the invention can also be achieved when using a modified cellulose that is not biodegradable under the conditions of use, e.g. by adding specific cellulases, so that the liquid can be easily treated in a biological treatment plant.
  • the organic load of the waste water is also 20 to 100 times lower than, for example, when using oils.
  • modified celluloses The use of substances that are difficult to biodegrade, such as modified celluloses, has the advantage that only a few microorganisms are able to form enzymes that can cause biodegradation.
  • the person skilled in the art is thus able to set the milieu conditions in the lubricant according to the invention, such as pH or oxygen concentration, in such a way that the microorganisms which can form such enzymes cannot grow in the liquid.
  • specific preservation methods can be used to prevent the growth of germs that are completely harmless to humans, such as lowering the pH to 4.
  • polymers such as celluloses, modified celluloses, starches, modified starches or else proteins or other polymeric thickeners or polymers in the matrix or lubricating liquid has further advantages.
  • thickeners or polymers are broken down into small fragments, e.g. Sugar, starches or amino acids result in solutions that are far easier to wash off the workpieces than all the matrix liquids or lubricants available according to the state of the art.
  • the surfaces of the workpieces can be cleaned more extensively than before with minimal cleaning effort. Since only a few percent by mass of thickener or polymer in the water is sufficient to set the desired viscosity and lubricating effect, far fewer organic components are required for cleaning parts from the surface, e.g. the silicon wafers, as e.g.
  • the cleavage products of the thickeners or polymers such as e.g. Sugar, amino acids or other monomers such as e.g. Caprolactam made of polyamide is much more soluble in water and therefore much easier to clean from the surfaces than the long-chain alcohols or oils or emulsions according to the prior art.
  • thickeners or polymers form biologically stable liquids with water
  • additional preservatives to the liquid in order to limit or avoid the growth of microorganisms, for example in a machining suspension.
  • preservatives that are suitable for the specialist in the fields of coolant preservation, food Preservation or preservation of cosmetic products are known.
  • Protective agents also so-called EP additives (Extreme Pressure Additive), emulsifiers, stabilizers, solubilizers and other additives. It can also be advantageous to produce matrix or lubricating liquids from synthetic polymers, such as polyamide or other water-miscible and biodegradable or poorly biodegradable polymers. This further improves the biological stability of the matrix or lubricating liquid. In addition, synthetic polymers are particularly easy to wash off workpiece surfaces.
  • the liquid according to the invention can be used, for example, in machining applications such as drilling, sawing, milling, grinding, turning, planing and in other applications as a cooling lubricant. It is possible and possibly desirable to use such liquids as a replacement for conventional water-miscible cooling lubricants such as cutting emulsions or non-water-miscible cooling lubricants such as cutting oils or spindle oils.
  • the lubricant according to the invention can also be used for
  • oils are used almost without exception because they have a lubricating effect, are long-term stable and because they do not biodegrade during operation. The same applies to applications in which engine oils and gear oils have previously been used. Also as a replacement for processing oils e.g.
  • the liquid according to the invention can be used for rolling metal sheets, for punching or deep-drawing metals.
  • Example 1 A clear, single-phase matrix liquid was produced from 100 g of water and 2.9 g of modified cellulose. It shows Newtonian flow behavior and has a viscosity of 35.5 mPas at 40 ° C. Polyethylene glycol 200 has a viscosity of 35 mPas at this temperature. Silicon carbide powder (SiC) with an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m is stirred into the liquid produced. A stable suspension is formed which is not completely sedimented even after 1 day. After adding 1 g of a cellulase, the
  • Matrix liquid stirred at 40 ° C. After 120 minutes the viscosity of the liquid is reduced to 2 mPas. With the help of the liquid obtained, no stable machining suspension can be produced with the SiC ulver. The stirred particles sediment completely after a few minutes.
  • Matrix liquid which was prepared as in Example 1.
  • the suspension is placed in the wire sawing process for cutting silicon wafers from silicon blocks. After discharge of the used suspension, this contains 15% by mass of silicon abrasion with an average particle diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m and 3% abrasion from the saw wire with an average particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m.
  • the supernatant After the supernatant has been separated from the sediment, it is mixed with another 3 kg of water. This mixture is treated with a hydrocyclone.
  • the coarse material from the classification contains less than 1% silicon and iron.
  • Example 4 1 kg of the used suspension from Example 2 is dried.
  • the dry solid contains the dry thickener, the cutting grain fraction and wear particles made of iron and silicon.
  • the solid is then finely ground and treated several times with the help of an air classifier.
  • the resulting cutting grain fraction contains less than 5% silicon and less than 1% thickener.
  • the residues of the thickener are then separated from the surface of the cutting grain particles in an oven at 400 ° C. The resulting cutting grain can be used again in the sawing process.
  • a lubricating liquid according to the invention was prepared from 400 g of a modified cellulose and 50 kg of deionized water by stirring in the polymer. This was placed in a processing machine for grinding a steel workpiece.
  • the lubrication properties in terms of roughness depth, tool wear and achievable cutting speed (mass of metal removed per unit of time) were almost identical to the lubrication properties that were obtained on the same day on the same grinding machine using a conventional cutting emulsion according to the prior art.
  • pure water was used as the reference lubricant on the same grinding machine. After just a few seconds, the grinding wheel was completely destroyed when using pure water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un liquide matriciel servant à produire des suspensions d'enlèvement de copeaux, une suspension d'enlèvement de copeaux produite à l'aide de ce liquide matriciel, et un procédé pour fractionner la suspension d'enlèvement de copeaux utilisée, recueillie après utilisation. Cette invention concerne également un mélange homogène qui est constitué d'un polymère ou de différents polymères et d'eau, et qui peut être utilisé de manière particulièrement avantageuse pour toutes les applications techniques au cours desquelles des propriétés lubrifiantes sont exigées d'un liquide. Le liquide matriciel ou lubrifiant selon l'invention se présente sous la forme d'un mélange constitué d'eau et d'un épaississant, ou d'un ou de plusieurs polymères. Les grains coupants peuvent très facilement et rapidement être séparés d'une suspension d'enlèvement de copeaux usagée, produite à l'aide dudit liquide matriciel, à des fins de réutilisation. Une quantité d'eau de traitement inférieure est nécessaire, et l'eau de traitement peut être purifiée simplement de manière biologique, puisqu'elle ne doit pas être débarrassée de manière complexe d'une certaine teneur en alcool.
EP05754371A 2004-06-16 2005-06-10 Liquide matriciel servant a produire une suspension d'enlevement de copeaux, utilise en tant que liquide lubrifiant ou liquide de traitement Withdrawn EP1756253A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004028785 2004-06-16
DE102005007368A DE102005007368A1 (de) 2004-06-16 2005-02-17 Schmierend wirkende Polymer-Wasser-Mischung
PCT/EP2005/006271 WO2005123888A1 (fr) 2004-06-16 2005-06-10 Liquide matriciel servant a produire une suspension d'enlevement de copeaux, utilise en tant que liquide lubrifiant ou liquide de traitement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1756253A1 true EP1756253A1 (fr) 2007-02-28

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EP05754371A Withdrawn EP1756253A1 (fr) 2004-06-16 2005-06-10 Liquide matriciel servant a produire une suspension d'enlevement de copeaux, utilise en tant que liquide lubrifiant ou liquide de traitement

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7591376B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1756253A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5091668B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20070040367A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005007368A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20065430L (fr)
RU (1) RU2379334C2 (fr)
TW (1) TW200617157A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005123888A1 (fr)

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WO2011009587A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2011-01-27 Meyer Burger Ag Traitement mécanique et découpe de silicium en milieu alcalin
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7591376B2 (en) 2009-09-22
US20080016783A1 (en) 2008-01-24
JP2008502751A (ja) 2008-01-31
DE102005007368A1 (de) 2006-01-05
NO20065430L (no) 2007-01-16
KR20070040367A (ko) 2007-04-16
RU2379334C2 (ru) 2010-01-20
JP5091668B2 (ja) 2012-12-05
WO2005123888A1 (fr) 2005-12-29
RU2007101395A (ru) 2008-08-10
TW200617157A (en) 2006-06-01

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