EP1748120A2 - Skylight - Google Patents
Skylight Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1748120A2 EP1748120A2 EP06450100A EP06450100A EP1748120A2 EP 1748120 A2 EP1748120 A2 EP 1748120A2 EP 06450100 A EP06450100 A EP 06450100A EP 06450100 A EP06450100 A EP 06450100A EP 1748120 A2 EP1748120 A2 EP 1748120A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dome
- net
- mounting frame
- shells
- network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
- E04D13/0335—Skylight guards, security devices protecting skylights or preventing objects or persons from falling through skylight openings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dome light from at least two superimposed shells whose shell edge can be fastened on a frame.
- skylights are mainly used on flat roofs or slightly inclined roofs as exposure and ventilation elements, e.g. used on warehouses, sports halls, underground garages, operating rooms or ancillary rooms of apartments. They usually consist of acrylic glass, polycarbonate or similar plastics in opal or transparent design. The trays are made in sheet form and brought into the desired, curved shape by means of heat and underpressure or overpressure. Depending on the requirements of the thermal insulation, the skylights are nowadays designed with up to three shells, although certainly more than three shells would be conceivable. Often, skylights are provided with ventilation devices or smoke vents that are driven by electric motors or pneumatic cylinders. The assembly takes place on so-called. Supplementary wreaths, which are usually made of polyester or metal sandwich elements.
- Previous protective measures consist of bars or bars, which were arranged under or above the dome light.
- Such a dome light reveals the DE 40 08 093 A1 .
- a safety device is provided on the dome light, which should secure depending on the design of hail, storm or burglars.
- a permanent assembly is often expensive and causes relatively high costs.
- a fuse arranged above the light dome considerably reduces the passage of light.
- external security devices and their correspondingly expensive attachment are constantly exposed to the weather and must always be checked for reliability and, under certain circumstances, often replaced.
- External grilles or similar devices also hinder the unfolding of domes equipped with fire smoke devices that open by almost 180 ° in the event of a fire.
- the DE 40 40 768 A1 also discloses a dome light from at least one translucent shell, wherein below the bottom shell a flat disc made of polycarbonate is provided to prevent the falling of persons through the dome light. Apart from the required thickness and the associated limitation of the translucency of the flat disc, it is also subject to ongoing embrittlement, whereby a permanent breakthrough protection is not guaranteed and this safety device is given an early expiration date. Moreover, a reliable and accordingly thick polycarbonate pane considerably increases the cost of such a skylight and complicates the installation of ventilation and fire protection devices.
- the US 5,237,788 A discloses a skylight surrounded by an arcuate lattice. This should also be avoided accidents. As mentioned earlier, this grid is also subject to the above-mentioned disadvantages and naturally exposed to constant weather conditions.
- the US 6,199,330 discloses a skylight which is covered by a superficial protective layer but which offers no security against crashes.
- EP 0 807 725 A1 discloses a safety device for roof openings in the form of safety tubes or a steel fabric mat. Disadvantage of all these constructions is that they must be made relatively solid due to the required flexural rigidity and thus significantly reduce the passage of light. Such Protective devices obstruct or make it impossible to install ventilation devices (electric motors or pneumatic cylinders together with linkage) and, in addition, require a matching, solid, sturdy frame or a suitable attachment below the opening. For existing openings, without complete replacement of the frame, installation of such a security device would often not be possible.
- dome light in which the crash of persons, but also other bodies (for example, building materials, tools, etc. on a construction site) can be excluded on under the dome lights persons - and permanently on the life of the dome light.
- a safety device must not take up any additional space, nor significantly reduce the light transmission of the dome light. Ventilation and fire smoke devices must not be impeded by this safety device.
- Already existing skylights should be able to be easily upgraded with such a safety device and the additional costs should be kept within limits.
- the safety net is thus in the space between two shells and is either clamped with its edge between the shell edges or firmly anchored by means of additional frame and / or fastening devices in this area.
- the safety device and its attachment claimed no additional space.
- the network is more or less integrated into the structure of the skylight.
- the exclusive load of the network by tensile forces allows a very thin dimensioning of the network strands.
- the attachment of the network takes place in the region between the shell edges.
- the invention is preferably realized by a durable, corrosion-resistant network.
- the installation between the two shells makes it possible for the net to be held at the dome edge, preferably by the usual skylight attachment.
- the safety net according to the invention has elastic or plastic extensibility in both dimensions to facilitate installation between the two curved dome shells. At the same time, safety is increased.
- the light dome 1 consisting of the stacked shells 2, 2 'is fastened on a frame 3, also called an upstand, by means of screws 6. Between the upper shell 2 'and lower shell 2, an air space is provided. In the region of their edges, the shells can touch each other, but in the majority of the dome they are spaced apart.
- the curbs usually have a water nose 9 and a seal 4 to permanently prevent the ingress of water.
- the screw 6 pierces the upper shell 2 'and the lower shell 2 and is anchored in the frame 3.
- the head of the screw 6 is provided with a sealing cap. Double adhesive tapes 5 fix the two shells and ensure that the area between the two shells remains free from dirt and dust.
- a safety net 7 is now arranged between the two shells 2, 2 ', which can withstand a falling person or a falling body and stop it.
- An important aspect is the anchoring of the net at the edge of the dome.
- the net itself may be braided from wire, wire rope or rope of synthetic material, as well as plastic fibers, etc.
- the network is formed from a grid of stainless steel wire or wire rope and has, for example, square or annular meshes.
- a seam 8 is formed at the edges of the net.
- This seam for example, made of a slightly thicker wire or a thin rod, is clamped in the assembly of the safety net 7 in a space between the shell edges of the shells 2, 2 'and fixed by the skylight screws.
- this space is formed by a local increase of the lower shell 2 in the region of the screw connection 6 (this space simultaneously reduces the heat transfer in the edge region of the dome).
- the seam 8 is thus captive (against forces towards the dome) embedded between the shell edges. In such an embodiment of the shell edges thus no additional fastening device for the safety net 7 is required.
- FIG. 1 A second variant of the invention is shown in FIG.
- a peripheral frame for example made of bent sheet metal, is inserted, to which spacers 11 arranged at intervals for attachment of the net 7 are applied.
- the brackets 11 may be in the form of ironing, hoes, anchors, etc.
- the frame 10 itself is - as shown in Fig. 2 - captive connected by its shape and by the dome screws with the dome light and squeezed between the shell edges.
- existing skylights can be equipped with a safety net.
- brackets 11 wires 12 which are performed by edge loops of the network 7 and are fixed with its other end again to the brackets 11.
- the holders 11 can also protrude directly through the edge stitches or the edge seam of the net and thereby firmly anchor the net 7.
- Fig. 4 shows a network, similar to a chain link fence, with hexagonal honeycomb whose connections are partially broken.
- the network according to the invention is designed so that it can deform under load. This is achieved, for example, by the interruptions or recesses 13 in the network structure illustrated in the drawings.
- connecting parts of the honeycomb structure are omitted or severed, whereby a plurality of stitches, a single, for example elongated mesh formed.
- three, differing in their orientation types of elongated stitches are provided. They each extend into three different spatial directions lying in the network plane. A load on the network thus leads to a spatial distortion of the network structure.
- a network according to Fig. 5 which is composed of annular strands works. These rings are interconnected by discontinuous radial strands, i. The radial strands do not run in one from the center to the outer periphery of the network, but connect only two adjacent rings together. This also creates, in this case, periodic interruptions 13 in the network structure, which in case of a crash neither frame nor network anchorage are destroyed.
- interruptions or recesses are also suitable for other network structures, such as square, rectangular, irregular, etc.
- deformability of the network may already be due solely to the irregularity of the network structure.
- An inventive network affects the light transmission only slightly, in particular due to the thin network structure, but provides reliable protection against breakthroughs.
- more than two bowls are possible.
- the term shell is very broad in this application.
- the bowls and the light dome made up of rectangular, square, round, cuboid, domed, hemispherical, dome-shaped, pyramidal or generally polyhedral, etc. take shape without departing from the inventive idea.
- Fig. 6 shows a section of a dome light, in which the shells 2, 2 'are shown cut open to illustrate the connection of the network.
- a shim plate 14 is embedded between the upper shell 2' and the lower shell 2, which is also penetrated by the screw 6 and the two to each other has aligned receptacles 15 at the side facing away from the center of the dome.
- a deformable mounting frame 16 is held, on which the net 7 (not shown in Fig. 6 for clarity) is connected with its outer mesh.
- the mounting frame 16 extends along the circumference of the dome light frame, may be circumferentially formed in one or more pieces, so that, for example, a deformable (round) rod is provided for each side of the dome light.
- the mounting frame 16 is either clipped into the receptacles 15 or fürgefädelt through the sleeve-shaped receptacles 15.
- the receptacles 15 are designed such that the rods along their longitudinal axis, ie in the circumferential direction, remain displaceable. This net fixation 14 and 15 also prevents over-knotting of the net frame via the screws, even after a long installation period (and the associated brittleness of the plastic dome) and facilitates the fixation of the network during installation.
- the mounting frame is now dimensioned and dimensioned so that the dynamic load in a fall into the dome by controlled deformation of the mounting frame on at least a large part of the circumference, preferably the the entire scope is distributed.
- the forces are introduced in this way substantially evenly on the few, usually provided Lichtkuppelbefest Trenten, without there being the breakage of the dome screws or the adjacent materials. Also, by providing a deformable mounting frame and storing it in a few places, no additional screws are necessary in upgrading conventional skylights with a crash-proof net.
- Fig. 7 shows the arrangement described above in a section viewed from above, wherein now also the network 7 is shown.
- Fig. 7 is shown bent between the upper and middle shim 14 of the mounting frame 16 inwardly, as would look like in the case of a catch of a load in the adjacent network area.
- FIG. 12 shows the situation with increasing load. If the receptacles 15 for the attachment frame 16 do not withstand the load falling into the net 7, the attachment frame 16 releases from the shim plate 14 and is now reliably caught by the screws 6.
- the receptacles 15 are in a preferred embodiment downwardly open sleeves, in which the mounting frame 15 is clipped. Under load, the open sleeve deforms and releases the mounting frame. By the sleeves open at the bottom of the mounting frame is held under the shim plate, whereby a Kochknmün of the net frame via the screws is prevented from the outset.
- a deformable fastening frame 16 made of round rods is likewise provided, which is held in receptacles 15 '.
- the receptacles 15 ' are each integrally connected to a strip 17 (FIG. 11) and protrude from the bar 17 at the side facing the center of the dome.
- the receptacles 15 ' are preferably closed sleeves, in which the mounting frame is held captive in the radial direction.
- the strip including mounting frame 16 is shown in detail in Fig. 11. This variant is particularly suitable for skylights, in which the skylight shells are integrated in a specially designed intermediate frame 19. Here are the edges of the Shells 2, 2 'in designated recesses in the intermediate frame 19 and are fixed there.
- the basic principle of both embodiments is that due to the interposition of a deformable mounting frame between the network and the light dome edge or the curb, the forces resulting in the event of a breakthrough through the upper shell are introduced uniformly to the attachment points.
- This can deform between the spaced-apart receptacles 15, 15 'for the mounting frame 16, whereby on the one hand a distribution of forces and on the other hand an additional conversion into elastic or plastic deformation energy takes place.
- local load peaks can be avoided, whereby the risk of failure of the network connection and thus the fall-prevention is minimized.
- the intermediate mounting frame may have in its property elastic or plastic deformability. Important is the bending soft property of the individual parts of the mounting frame.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Lichtkuppel aus mindestens zwei übereinander angeordneten Schalen, deren Schalenrand auf einem Rahmen befestigbar ist.The invention relates to a dome light from at least two superimposed shells whose shell edge can be fastened on a frame.
Derartige Lichtkuppeln, meist aus Kunststoffschalen aufgebaut, werden hauptsächlich auf Flachdächern oder leicht geneigten Dächern als Belichtungs- und Belüftungselemente z.B. über Lagerhallen, Sporthallen, Tiefgaragen, Betriebsräumen oder Nebenräumen von Wohnungen eingesetzt. Sie bestehen meistens aus Acrylglas, Polycarbonat oder ähnlichen Kunststoffen in opaler oder durchsichtiger Ausführung. Die Schalen werden in Plattenform hergestellt und mittels Wärmeeinwirkung und Unter- oder Überdruck in die gewünschte, gekrümmte Form gebracht. Je nach Anforderung an die Wärmedämmung sind die Lichtkuppeln heutzutage mit bis zu drei Schalen ausgeführt, wobei durchaus auch mehr als drei Schalen denkbar wären. Oft sind Lichtkuppeln mit Lüftungseinrichtungen oder Brandrauchentlüftungen versehen, die mit Elektromotoren oder Pneumatikzylindern angetrieben werden. Die Montage erfolgt auf sog. Aufsatzkränzen, die zumeist aus Polyester oder Metallsandwich-Elementen hergestellt sind.Such skylights, usually constructed of plastic shells, are mainly used on flat roofs or slightly inclined roofs as exposure and ventilation elements, e.g. used on warehouses, sports halls, underground garages, operating rooms or ancillary rooms of apartments. They usually consist of acrylic glass, polycarbonate or similar plastics in opal or transparent design. The trays are made in sheet form and brought into the desired, curved shape by means of heat and underpressure or overpressure. Depending on the requirements of the thermal insulation, the skylights are nowadays designed with up to three shells, although certainly more than three shells would be conceivable. Often, skylights are provided with ventilation devices or smoke vents that are driven by electric motors or pneumatic cylinders. The assembly takes place on so-called. Supplementary wreaths, which are usually made of polyester or metal sandwich elements.
Eine wesentliche Eigenschaft aller bisher bekannten Kunststoffe, die zur Herstellung von Lichtkuppeln geeignet sind, ist die mehr oder weniger schnell eintretende Versprödung. Bereits nach kurzer Exposition in freier Witterung werden die Kuppelschalen extrem spröde und brechen bei geringster Belastung. Aufgrund ihrer Kuppelform, die Stabilität und Festigkeit vermuten lässt, wird das Sicherheitsrisiko oft unterschätzt. Immer wieder kommt es zu Abstürzen von Personen durch Lichtkuppeln, zumal viele Lichtkuppeln (z.B. über Tiefgaragen) völlig ungeschützt in Gärten, neben Gehwegen oder auf Dächern in Wartungsbereichen eingebaut sind. Werden Lichtkuppeln nicht mechanisch zerstört, besitzen sie eine Lebensdauer von etwa 20-25 Jahren.An essential feature of all previously known plastics which are suitable for the production of light domes is the more or less rapidly occurring embrittlement. After only a short exposure in free weather, the dome shells become extremely brittle and break under the least strain. Due to its dome shape, which suggests stability and strength, the security risk is often underestimated. Again and again people fall through skylights, especially since many skylights (for example underground car parks) are completely unprotected in gardens, next to sidewalks or on roofs in maintenance areas. If skylights are not destroyed mechanically, they have a lifespan of about 20-25 years.
Bisherige Schutzmassnahmen bestehen aus Gittern oder Stäben, die unter oder über der Lichtkuppel angeordnet wurden.Previous protective measures consist of bars or bars, which were arranged under or above the dome light.
Eine derartige Lichtkuppel offenbart die
Eine derartige Sicherheitsvorrichtung beansprucht über und insbesondere auch neben der Lichtkuppel viel Platz, der in vielen Fällen nicht vorhanden ist. Eine dauerhafte Montage ist oft aufwendig und verursacht relativ hohe Kosten. Darüber hinaus reduziert eine über der Lichtkuppel angeordnete Sicherung aufgrund der erforderlichen Dimensionierung den Lichtdurchgang erheblich. Insbesondere sind außenliegende Sicherheitsvorrichtungen und ihre entsprechend aufwendige Befestigung ständig der Witterung ausgesetzt und müssen immer wieder auf ihre Zuverlässigkeit geprüft und unter Umständen oftmals ausgetauscht werden. Außenliegende Gitter oder ähnliche Einrichtungen behindern außerdem das Aufklappen von Kuppeln, die mit Brandraucheinrichtungen ausgestattet sind und sich im Brandfall um fast 180° öffnen.Such a safety device claimed over and in particular also next to the dome light a lot of space, which is not available in many cases. A permanent assembly is often expensive and causes relatively high costs. In addition, due to the required dimensioning, a fuse arranged above the light dome considerably reduces the passage of light. In particular, external security devices and their correspondingly expensive attachment are constantly exposed to the weather and must always be checked for reliability and, under certain circumstances, often replaced. External grilles or similar devices also hinder the unfolding of domes equipped with fire smoke devices that open by almost 180 ° in the event of a fire.
Die
Die
Die
Es besteht somit Bedarf an einer Lichtkuppel, bei der der Absturz von Personen, aber auch anderer Körper (beispielsweise Baustoffen, Werkzeugen, etc. auf einer Baustelle) auf unter der Lichtkuppel befindliche Personen ausgeschlossen werden kann - und zwar dauerhaft auf Lebensdauer der Lichtkuppel. Eine derartige Sicherheitseinrichtung darf weder zusätzlichen Platz beanspruchen, noch die Lichtdurchlässigkeit der Lichtkuppel wesentlich verringern. Lüftungs- und Brandraucheinrichtungen dürfen durch diese Sicherungseinrichtung nicht behindert werden. Bereits bestehende Lichtkuppeln sollten einfach mit einer derartigen Sicherheitsvorrichtung aufgerüstet werden können und die Zusatzkosten sollen sich dabei in Grenzen halten.There is thus a need for a dome light, in which the crash of persons, but also other bodies (for example, building materials, tools, etc. on a construction site) can be excluded on under the dome lights persons - and permanently on the life of the dome light. Such a safety device must not take up any additional space, nor significantly reduce the light transmission of the dome light. Ventilation and fire smoke devices must not be impeded by this safety device. Already existing skylights should be able to be easily upgraded with such a safety device and the additional costs should be kept within limits.
Diese Ziele werden mit einer eingangs genannten Lichtkuppel dadurch erreicht, dass zwischen den beiden Schalen ein Netz angeordnet ist, dessen Befestigung an der Lichtkuppel im Bereich zwischen den Schalenrändern vorgesehen ist.These goals are achieved with a light dome mentioned above in that between the two shells, a network is arranged, the attachment is provided on the dome light in the region between the shell edges.
Das Sicherheitsnetz befindet sich somit im Raum zwischen zwei Schalen und ist entweder mit seinem Rand zwischen den Schalenrändern eingeklemmt oder mittels zusätzlicher Rahmen und/oder Befestigungsvorrichtungen in diesem Bereich fest verankert. Durch diese Maßnahme beansprucht die Sicherheitseinrichtung und ihre Befestigung keinen zusätzlichen Raum. Das Netz wird mehr oder weniger in den Aufbau der Lichtkuppel integriert. Die ausschließliche Belastung des Netzes durch Zugkräfte erlaubt eine sehr dünne Dimensionierung der Netzstränge. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Befestigung des Netzes im Bereich zwischen den Schalenrändern.The safety net is thus in the space between two shells and is either clamped with its edge between the shell edges or firmly anchored by means of additional frame and / or fastening devices in this area. By this measure, the safety device and its attachment claimed no additional space. The network is more or less integrated into the structure of the skylight. The exclusive load of the network by tensile forces allows a very thin dimensioning of the network strands. Preferably, the attachment of the network takes place in the region between the shell edges.
Die Erfindung wird vorzugsweise durch ein dauerhaftes, korrosionsbeständiges Netz verwirklicht. Der Einbau zwischen den beiden Schalen ermöglicht es, dass das Netz am Kuppelrand vorzugsweise durch die übliche Lichtkuppelbefestigung gehalten wird.The invention is preferably realized by a durable, corrosion-resistant network. The installation between the two shells makes it possible for the net to be held at the dome edge, preferably by the usual skylight attachment.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsnetz eine elastische oder plastische Dehnfähigkeit in beiden Dimensionen auf, um den Einbau zwischen den beiden gekrümmten Kuppelschalen zu erleichtern. Gleichzeitig wird dadurch die Sicherheit erhöht.In a preferred embodiment, the safety net according to the invention has elastic or plastic extensibility in both dimensions to facilitate installation between the two curved dome shells. At the same time, safety is increased.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt
- Fig. 1 den Schnitt durch den Rand einer erfindungsgemäßen Lichtkuppel mit zwei Schalen,
- Fig. 2 ebenfalls einen Querschnitt mit einer Variante der Erfindung,
- Fig. 3 bis Fig. 5 Varianten eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsnetzes in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 6 und 7 eine Variante der Netzanbindung,
- Fig. 8 bis 11 eine weitere Variante, und
- Fig. 12 die Situation nach einem Durchbruch.
- 1 shows the section through the edge of a light dome according to the invention with two shells,
- 2 also shows a cross section with a variant of the invention,
- 3 to 5 variants of a safety net according to the invention in plan view,
- 6 and 7 show a variant of the network connection,
- Fig. 8 to 11 a further variant, and
- Fig. 12 shows the situation after a breakthrough.
Die aus den übereinander angeordneten Schalen 2, 2' bestehende Lichtkuppel 1 ist auf einem Rahmen 3, auch Aufsatzkranz genannt, mittels Schrauben 6 befestigt. Zwischen oberer Schale 2' und unterer Schale 2 ist ein Luftraum vorgesehen. Im Bereich ihrer Ränder können die Schalen einander berühren, im überwiegenden Teil der Lichtkuppel sind sie jedoch voneinander beabstandet. Die Aufsatzkränze weisen in der Regel eine Wassernase 9 und eine Dichtung 4 auf, um den Eintritt von Wasser dauerhaft zu verhindern. Der Schrauben 6 durchstößt die obere Schale 2' und die untere Schale 2 und ist im Rahmen 3 verankert. Der Kopf der Schraube 6 ist mit einer Dichtkappe versehen. Doppelklebebänder 5 fixieren die beiden Schalen und sorgen dafür, dass der Bereich zwischen den beiden Schalen frei von Schmutz und Staub bleibt.The light dome 1 consisting of the
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun zwischen den beiden Schalen 2, 2' ein Sicherheitsnetz 7 angeordnet, welches einer fallenden Person oder einem fallenden Körper standhalten und diesen aufhalten kann. Wesentlich dabei ist die Verankerung des Netzes am Rand der Lichtkuppel. Das Netz selbst kann beispielsweise aus Draht, Drahtseil oder Seil aus synthetischem Material, sowie aus Kunststofffasern usw. geflochten sein.According to the invention, a
Eine mögliche Variante der Erfindung wird in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Dabei ist das Netz aus einem Gitter aus rostfreiem Stahldraht bzw. -drahtseil gebildet und weist beispielsweise quadratische oder ringförmige Maschen auf. An den Rändern des Netzes ist eine Verdickung in Form eines Saumes 8 ausgebildet. Dieser Saum, beispielsweise aus einem etwas dickeren Draht oder einer dünnen Stange gefertigt, wird bei der Montage des Sicherheitsnetzes 7 in einem Raum zwischen den Schalenrändern der Schalen 2, 2' eingeklemmt und durch die Lichtkuppelschrauben fixiert. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird dieser Raum durch eine lokale Erhöhung der unteren Schale 2 im Bereich der Schraubverbindung 6 gebildet (dieser Raum reduziert gleichzeitig den Wärmedurchgang im Randbereich der Kuppel). Der Saum 8 ist somit unverlierbar (gegenüber Kräften in Richtung Kuppel) zwischen den Schalenrändern eingebettet. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung der Schalenränder ist somit keine zusätzliche Befestigungsvorrichtung für das Sicherheitsnetz 7 erforderlich.A possible variant of the invention is shown in FIG. In this case, the network is formed from a grid of stainless steel wire or wire rope and has, for example, square or annular meshes. At the edges of the net is one Thickening in the form of a
Eine zweite Variante der Erfindung ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Dabei wird im Bereich der lokalen Erhebung der Schale 2 ein umlaufender Rahmen, beispielsweise aus gekantetem Blech, eingefügt, an dem in Abständen angeordnete Halterungen 11 zur Befestigung des Netzes 7 aufgebracht sind. Die Halterungen 11 können in Form von Bügeln, Hacken, Ankern, etc. ausgebildet sein. Der Rahmen 10 selbst ist ― wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich - unverlierbar durch seine Form und durch die Lichtkuppelschrauben mit der Lichtkuppel verbunden und zwischen den Schalenrändern eingezwängt. Es können somit durch Einpassen eines derartigen Rahmens auch bestehende Lichtkuppeln mit einem Sicherheitsnetz ausgestattet werden.A second variant of the invention is shown in FIG. In this case, in the region of the local elevation of the
In einer Variante (siehe Fig. 3) können nun um diese Halterungen 11 Drähte 12 gewickelt sein, die durch Randschlaufen des Netzes 7 durchgeführt werden und mit ihrem anderen Ende erneut an den Halterungen 11 fixiert werden. Wie in Fig. 3 exemplarisch dargestellt können die Halterungen 11 auch direkt durch die Randmaschen oder den Randsaum des Netzes ragen und das Netz 7 dadurch fest verankern.In a variant (see Fig. 3) can now be wound around these
Fig. 4 zeigt ein Netz, ähnlich einem Maschendrahtzaun, mit sechseckigen Waben, dessen Verbindungen teilweise unterbrochen sind. Um die Energie einer fallenden Person oder eines anderen Gegenstandes möglichst gleichmäßig und schonend auf die Lichtkuppelränder zu verteilen, ist das erfindungsgemäße Netz so ausgebildet, dass es sich bei Belastung verformen kann. Dies wird z.B. durch die in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Unterbrechungen bzw. Ausnehmungen 13 in der Netzstruktur erzielt. In der Praxis werden dabei Verbindungsteile der Wabenstruktur weggelassen oder durchtrennt, wodurch aus mehreren Maschen eine einzige, z.B. länglich ausgebildete Masche entsteht. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind drei, sich in ihrer Orientierung unterscheidende Typen von länglichen Maschen vorgesehen. Sie erstrecken sich jeweils in drei verschiede, in der Netzebene liegende Raumrichtungen. Eine Belastung des Netzes führt somit zu einer räumlichen Verzerrung der Netzstruktur.Fig. 4 shows a network, similar to a chain link fence, with hexagonal honeycomb whose connections are partially broken. In order to distribute the energy of a falling person or another object as evenly as possible and gently on the light dome edges, the network according to the invention is designed so that it can deform under load. This is achieved, for example, by the interruptions or recesses 13 in the network structure illustrated in the drawings. In In practice, connecting parts of the honeycomb structure are omitted or severed, whereby a plurality of stitches, a single, for example elongated mesh formed. In the illustrated embodiment, three, differing in their orientation types of elongated stitches are provided. They each extend into three different spatial directions lying in the network plane. A load on the network thus leads to a spatial distortion of the network structure.
Durch die dadurch ermöglichte Verformung des Netzes in alle Richtungen wird erreicht, dass die Belastung in den Aufsatzkranz eingeleitet werden kann, ohne dass es zum Bruch der Netzverankerung oder des Aufsatzkranzes kommt. Die Kräfte werden gleichmäßiger verteilt und das Netz 7 wird noch sicherer.The resulting possible deformation of the network in all directions is achieved that the load can be introduced into the curb, without causing the breakage of the network anchorage or the curb. The forces are distributed more evenly and the net 7 becomes even more secure.
Nach ähnlichem Prinzip funktioniert ein Netz gemäß Fig. 5, das aus ringförmigen Strängen zusammengesetzt ist. Diese Ringe sind durch unterbrochene bzw. zueinander versetzte Radialstränge miteinander verbunden, d.h. die Radialstränge verlaufen nicht in Einem von der Mitte bis zum Außenumfang des Netzes, sondern verbinden lediglich zwei benachbarte Ringe miteinander. Dadurch entstehen ebenfalls, in diesem Fall periodische Unterbrechungen 13 in der Netzstruktur, wodurch im Falle eines Absturzes weder Rahmen noch Netzverankerung zerstört werden.By similar principle, a network according to Fig. 5, which is composed of annular strands works. These rings are interconnected by discontinuous radial strands, i. The radial strands do not run in one from the center to the outer periphery of the network, but connect only two adjacent rings together. This also creates, in this case,
Das allen diesen Netzstrukturen gemeinsame Merkmal besteht darin, dass sie nicht nur eine Verformung normal zur Netzebene zulassen, sondern auch in der Netzebene selbst verformbar sind, und zwar in alle in dieser Ebene liegende Richtungen.The common feature of all these network structures is that they not only allow deformation normal to the network plane, but are also deformable in the network plane itself, in all directions lying in this plane.
Oben beschriebene Unterbrechungen oder Ausnehmungen eignen sich auch für andere Netzstrukturen, wie quadratische, rechteckige, unregelmäßige usw. Bei letzteren kann unter Umständen eine Verformbarkeit des Netzes bereits allein aufgrund der Unregelmäßigkeit der Netzstruktur bedingt sein.The above-described interruptions or recesses are also suitable for other network structures, such as square, rectangular, irregular, etc. In the case of the latter, deformability of the network may already be due solely to the irregularity of the network structure.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Netz beeinträchtigt die Lichtdurchlässigkeit insbesondere aufgrund der dünnen Netzstruktur lediglich geringfügig, bietet jedoch zuverlässigen Schutz gegen Durchbrüche. Es sind selbstverständlich auch mehr als zwei Schalen möglich. Der Begriff Schale wird in dieser Anmeldung sehr weit gefasst. So können die Schalen und die daraus aufgebaute Lichtkuppel rechteckige, quadratische, runde, quaderförmige, gewölbte, halbkugelförmige, kuppelförmige, pyramidenförmige oder ganz allgemein polyederförmige, etc. Gestalt annehmen, ohne sich dabei vom erfindungsgemäßen Gedanken zu entfernen.An inventive network affects the light transmission only slightly, in particular due to the thin network structure, but provides reliable protection against breakthroughs. Of course, more than two bowls are possible. The term shell is very broad in this application. Thus, the bowls and the light dome made up of rectangular, square, round, cuboid, domed, hemispherical, dome-shaped, pyramidal or generally polyhedral, etc. take shape without departing from the inventive idea.
Weitere besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsformen, die die Anbindung des Netzes betreffen, werden anhand der Fig. 6 bis 11 im Folgenden näher beschrieben.Further particularly preferred embodiments, which relate to the connection of the network, will be described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 11.
Fig. 6 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer Lichtkuppel, bei dem zur Verdeutlichung der Anbindung des Netzes die Schalen 2, 2' aufgeschnitten dargestellt sind. Im Bereich der Schraubverbindung 6, mit der die Schalen 2, 2' am Rahmen der Lichtkuppel befestigt sind, ist zwischen der oberen Schale 2' und der unteren Schale 2 eine Beilagplatte 14 eingebettet, die ebenfalls von der Schraubverbindung 6 durchdrungen wird und die zwei zueinander fluchtende Aufnahmen 15 an der dem Zentrum der Kuppel abgewandten Seite aufweist. In den Aufnahmen 15 wird ein verformbarer Befestigungsrahmen 16 gehalten, an dem das Netz 7 (in Fig. 6 der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt) mit seinen äußeren Maschen angebunden wird. Unter dem Ausdruck "angebunden", werden sowohl die Möglichkeit, das Netz fest bzw. unverschiebbar am Befestigungsrahmen 16 zu fixieren, als auch die Möglichkeit, dass Netz entlang des Befestigungsrahmens verschiebbar zu befestigen, verstanden.Fig. 6 shows a section of a dome light, in which the
Der Befestigungsrahmen 16 verläuft entlang des Umfanges des Lichtkuppelrahmens, kann umlaufend in Einem oder mehrstückig ausgebildet sein, sodass beispielsweise für jede Seite der Lichtkuppel jeweils ein verformbarer (Rund-)Stab vorgesehen ist. Der Befestigungsrahmen 16 wird entweder in die Aufnahmen 15 eingeclipst oder durch die hülsenförmigen Aufnahmen 15 durchgefädelt. Die Aufnahmen 15 sind derart gestaltet, dass die Stäbe entlang Ihrer Längsachse, also in Umfangsrichtung, verschiebbar bleiben. Diese Netzfixierung 14 und 15 verhindert zudem ein Überknöpfen des Netzrahmens über die Schrauben, auch nach langer Einbaudauer (und der damit verbundenen Brüchigkeit der Kunststoffkuppel) und erleichtert die Fixierung des Netzes beim Einbau.The mounting
Der Befestigungsrahmen ist nun derart dimensioniert und bemessen, dass die dynamische Belastung bei einem Sturz in die Kuppel durch kontrollierte Verformung des Befestigungsrahmens auf zumindest einen großen Teil des Umfanges, bevorzugt des gesamten Umfanges verteilt aufgenommen wird. Die Kräfte werden auf diese Art im Wesentlichen gleichmäßig auf die wenigen, üblicherweise vorgesehen Lichtkuppelbefestigungen eingeleitet, ohne dass es dort zum Bruch der Lichtkuppelschrauben bzw. der angrenzenden Werkstoffe kommt. Auch sind durch das Vorsehen eines verformbaren Befestigungsrahmens und seiner Lagerung an einigen wenigen Punkten keine zusätzlichen Schrauben beim Aufrüsten von herkömmlichen Lichtkuppeln mit einem durchsturzsicheren Netz notwendig.The mounting frame is now dimensioned and dimensioned so that the dynamic load in a fall into the dome by controlled deformation of the mounting frame on at least a large part of the circumference, preferably the the entire scope is distributed. The forces are introduced in this way substantially evenly on the few, usually provided Lichtkuppelbefestigungen, without there being the breakage of the dome screws or the adjacent materials. Also, by providing a deformable mounting frame and storing it in a few places, no additional screws are necessary in upgrading conventional skylights with a crash-proof net.
Fig. 7 zeigt die zuvor beschriebene Anordnung in einem Ausschnitt von oben betrachtet, wobei nun auch das Netz 7 dargestellt ist. In Fig. 7 ist zwischen oberster und mittlerer Beilagplatte 14 der Befestigungsrahmen 16 nach innen gebogen dargestellt, wie dies im Falle eines Auffangens einer Last im benachbarten Netzbereich aussehen würde.Fig. 7 shows the arrangement described above in a section viewed from above, wherein now also the
Die Situation bei größer werdender Belastung zeigt die Fig. 12. Wenn die Aufnahmen 15 für den Befestigungsrahmen 16 der in das Netz 7 stürzenden Last nicht standhalten, löst sich der Befestigungsrahmen 16 von der Beilagplatte 14 und wird nun durch die Schrauben 6 zuverlässig aufgefangen. Die Aufnahmen 15 sind in bevorzugter Ausführungsform nach unten hin offene Hülsen, in die der Befestigungsrahmen 15 eingeclipst wird. Unter Belastung verformt sich die offene Hülse und gibt den Befestigungsrahmen frei. Durch die nach unten hin offenen Hülsen wird der Befestigungsrahmen unter der Beilagplatte gehalten, wodurch ein Überknöpfen des Netzrahmens über die Schrauben von vornherein verhindert wird.FIG. 12 shows the situation with increasing load. If the
In der Ausführungsform gemäß den Fig. 8 bis 10 ist ebenfalls ein verformbarer Befestigungsrahmen 16 aus Rundstäben vorgesehen, der in Aufnahmen 15' gehalten wird. Die Aufnahmen 15' sind jeweils einstückig mit einer Leiste 17 verbunden (Fig. 11) und ragen an der dem Zentrum der Kuppel zugewanden Seite von der Leiste 17 ab. In dieser Ausführungsform sind die Aufnahmen 15' vorzugsweise geschlossene Hülsen, in denen der Befestigungsrahmen in radialer Richtung unverlierbar gehalten wird. Die Leiste samt Befestigungsrahmen 16 ist im Detail in Fig. 11 dargestellt. Diese Variante eignet sich besonders für Lichtkuppeln, bei denen die Lichtkuppelschalen in einem speziell ausgestalteten Zwischenrahmen 19 integriert sind. Dabei ragen die Ränder der Schalen 2, 2' in dafür vorgesehene Ausnehmungen im Zwischenrahmen 19 und werden dort fixiert.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10, a
Um nun das Netz zu fixieren, werden die Leisten 17, die mit ihren Aufnahmen 15' die verformbaren Befestigungsrahmen 16 halten, ebenfalls in eine dafür vorgesehene Ausnehmung bzw. einen Spalt des Zwischenrahmens 19, in dem auch die Schalen 2, 2' fixiert sind, eingebracht und beispielsweise mittels Schraubverbindungen 18 fixiert.In order to fix the net, the
Die Fig. 8, 9 und 10 zeigen mögliche Anordnungen der Leiste 17 im Zwischenrahmen, wobei sie entweder in einer gesonderten Ausnehmung eingebracht ist oder in denselben Ausnehmungen wie die obere oder untere Schale Platz findet.8, 9 and 10 show possible arrangements of the
Das grundlegende Prinzip beider Ausführungen besteht darin, dass aufgrund der Zwischenschaltung eines verformbaren Befestigungsrahmens zwischen dem Netz und dem Lichtkuppelrand bzw. dem Aufsatzkranz die im Fall eines Durchbruchs durch die obere Schale entstehenden Kräfte gleichmäßig auf die Befestigungspunkte eingeleitet werden. Zwischen den voneinander beabstandeten Aufnahmen 15, 15' für den Befestigungsrahmen 16 kann sich dieser verformen, wodurch einerseits eine Kräfteverteilung und andererseits eine zusätzliche Umwandlung in elastische oder plastische Deformationsenergie erfolgt. Dadurch können lokale Belastungsspitzen vermieden werden, wodurch die Gefahr eines Versagens der Netzanbindung und damit der Durchsturzsicherung minimiert wird.The basic principle of both embodiments is that due to the interposition of a deformable mounting frame between the network and the light dome edge or the curb, the forces resulting in the event of a breakthrough through the upper shell are introduced uniformly to the attachment points. This can deform between the spaced-apart
Der zwischengeschaltete Befestigungsrahmen kann in seiner Eigenschaft elastische oder plastische Verformbarkeit aufweisen. Wichtig ist die biegeweiche Eigenschaft der einzelnen Teile des Befestigungsrahmens.The intermediate mounting frame may have in its property elastic or plastic deformability. Important is the bending soft property of the individual parts of the mounting frame.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT06450100T ATE434694T1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-14 | DOME LIGHT |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0128505A AT501290B8 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2005-07-29 | DOMELIGHT |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1748120A2 true EP1748120A2 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
EP1748120A3 EP1748120A3 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
EP1748120B1 EP1748120B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
EP1748120B2 EP1748120B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
Family
ID=36763400
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06450100A Active EP1748120B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-14 | Skylight |
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EP (1) | EP1748120B2 (en) |
AT (2) | AT501290B8 (en) |
DE (1) | DE502006004050D1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009032498A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Likunet Linhart Und Buchegger Oeg | skylight |
EP2360328A2 (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-24 | Werner Linhart | Dome light |
EP2679742A1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-01 | Rik Glorieux | Dome device with multiple dome-like shells |
BE1021174B1 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-02-16 | Glorieux Jean | DAYLIGHT SYSTEM |
CN110344532A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-18 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Roof lighting device and the roof for being equipped with the roof lighting device |
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DE10126395C1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-01-23 | Isoco Kunststofftechnik Gmbh & | Light and smoke ventilation cupola especially for flat roofs has rim fixing on roof around opening and having hollow cavity projecting into its wall from top to contain concealed opening mechanism for flap |
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2005
- 2005-07-29 AT AT0128505A patent/AT501290B8/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-07-14 DE DE502006004050T patent/DE502006004050D1/en active Active
- 2006-07-14 AT AT06450100T patent/ATE434694T1/en active
- 2006-07-14 EP EP06450100A patent/EP1748120B2/en active Active
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DE4008093A1 (en) | 1990-03-14 | 1991-10-24 | Josef Schano | Roof dome damage protection grid - has metal grid which is adjustable to suit individual dome |
DE4040768A1 (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1992-06-25 | Strunz Heinrich Gmbh & Co Kg | Acrylic roof light dome - has polycarbonate safety sheet to prevent objects falling through in case of breakage |
US5237788A (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1993-08-24 | Kiyoshi Sandow | Skylight guard assembly |
EP0807725A1 (en) | 1996-05-14 | 1997-11-19 | JET KUNSTSTOFFTECHNIK ULRICH KREFT GmbH | Security device for skylight openings |
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DE10103049A1 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-01 | Everlite Gmbh | Daylight roof consist of one or more transparent elements provided with a safety net which is located below or inside each transparent element |
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DE102009032498A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Likunet Linhart Und Buchegger Oeg | skylight |
EP2360328A2 (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-24 | Werner Linhart | Dome light |
EP2360328A3 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2015-07-01 | Werner Linhart | Dome light |
EP2679742A1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-01 | Rik Glorieux | Dome device with multiple dome-like shells |
BE1020769A3 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-04-01 | Rik Glorieux | DOME DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE DOME SCALES. |
BE1021174B1 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-02-16 | Glorieux Jean | DAYLIGHT SYSTEM |
CN110344532A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-18 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Roof lighting device and the roof for being equipped with the roof lighting device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE434694T1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
EP1748120B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
EP1748120B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
DE502006004050D1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
AT501290A4 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
AT501290B1 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
EP1748120A3 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
AT501290B8 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
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