EP1730666A1

EP1730666A1 - Identification, verification, and recognition method and system

Info

Publication number: EP1730666A1
Application number: EP05716298A
Authority: EP
Inventors: André Hoffmann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-03-29
Filing date: 2005-03-22
Publication date: 2006-12-13
Also published as: CA2600938A1; WO2005093637A1; US20070183633A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of identification and verification of living beings with the aid of the form, shape, contour, silhouette, surface structure, color, and characteristics especially of sets of teeth, individual teeth, tooth parts, and the relation thereof to the facial and body structures surrounding the same. Systems that are suitable for recording said person-related characteristics are based on detection by means of laser, a camera, sensor, image, color, etc., for example. Disclosed are a series of possibilities and constructions on how a 'dental fingerprint' can be detected so as to generate data. The invention does away with problems inherent to previous systems in this field as a result of the great advantage created by the independence of the teeth from facial expressions. The detection of the surface is to indicate whether a being is alive or dead. The inventive method and system can be used wherever the identity of a person has to be proven in order to grant access or control, for example. Potential users include the bank sector, computer security, e-commerce, public authorities, enterprises, the health sector, telecommunication, and private entities.

Description

Method and system for identification, verification, recognition and recognition

The present invention relates to the field of identification and verification, in short

Authentication of dead and / or living beings, including people, individuals, animals etc. as well as dead matter e.g. Objects, objects, materials etc. and uses at least one laser scan (system) and / or a camera, and / or image acquisition and / or one

Sensor and / or detector and / or an apparatus and / or an instrument, o.a. suitable for

Tapping and / or capturing and / or obtaining information from, for example

(individual) forms, partial forms, shapes, contours, contours, volumes, characteristics, (distinctive) points, (individual) structures, surface properties (e.g. surface roughness, milαostrulctures, roughness depths, etc.), outer, inner geometry, color, structure, structure, reflected light, its spectral composition, its beam path, reflected light patterns and / or part and / or section thereof and / or the like, etc., which are visible and / or not visible to the unarmed eye (one and / or all of the above, from which Information and / or data can be obtained is referred to by the term “identification feature (s)”), in particular by / m and / or for use on natural (n) living and dead naturally occurring teeth and / or artificial (n) ( e.g. dentures, tooth replacement and / or tooth substance replacement work, dental and / or dental technology work, crowns, bridges, fillings, inlays, prostheses, etc.) Bits and / or teeth and / or on teeth and / or tooth portions and / or parts and / or cutouts thereof and / or this and / or this and or or areas surrounding them can be used. In this context, the inventor speaks of "dental fingerprint" in his word creation. Previously known, and therefore not protectable, only forensic-medical identifications of the dead are only possible via patient documents, in particular via the direct visual evaluative comparison of the x-ray opacity manifested in the x-ray image based on special features (eg bridges, crown fillings) with those of the dentition of the skull by the forensic doctor, which is used to check whether, for example, the bridge or crown, which is shown in the X-ray by shading, can also be found on the teeth of the dead Identification considers only and is dependent on the presence of obvious special features and is accordingly severely restricted, for example, cannot lead to a goal if there are no special features in an untreated or healthy one Bit if the dead man's bit is incomplete due to postmortem circumstances or if only one tooth or a few teeth are found etc.

Previous methods of biometric person identification and verification have been implemented via a camera scan of the face with the measurement of fixed merlαnals structures (DE 196 10 066 Cl), the camera-based finger-hand (EP 0 981 801), and Irisscan (DE 692 32 314 T2), retinal recognition, the classic visual comparison of

Fingerprints and the face, the comparison of voice, movement and

Handwriting.

Such methods are to be used wherever the identity of a person has to be proven, for example to gain access or access authorization,

To grant control authorization. These include e.g. Security-related facilities or security-sensitive areas (power plants, airports, production facilities, border crossing, etc.), ATMs, computers, cell phones, protected data, accounts and the cashless

Payment transactions, border traffic, equipment, machines, means of transport, control units (car, plane, etc.) etc.

However, the above previously known methods have major disadvantages. For example, iris detection does not work with lens opacity, the blind and glass eye wearers, problems arise with non-reflective glasses or colored contact lenses and the eyes of a dead person cannot be used. The finger or hand scan is susceptible to contamination due to contact. Injuries to the finger, too dry or too oily skin or old fingerprints on the sensor can also make identification impossible. The geometrical dimensions of hands do not differ significantly. The previous face recognition is not very reliable, wrong results are caused, for example, by beard growth, glasses or facial expressions determined by the situation. Signatures, voice, sequence of movements are already intra-individual, i.e. they are so variable within one and the same individual, e.g. Due to the currently prevailing emotions and the time required for a recognition process, for example at an automated teller machine, is very high, so that such a system may so far only be able to be used to a very limited extent. Such systems can also be affected by the environmental influences e.g. produce changed light failures. In addition, identifications of objects, people or living beings at greater distances from them, for example from the camera, have so far not been possible.

Problems etc. of this type in the previously known o.g. Methods for identification and verification occur through the patented methods, which can be used in all areas previously described in the literature and also above and wherever, for example, living beings, people, individuals, materials, objects, objects, etc. are identified and / or verified should, no longer. Last but not least, the teeth provide one or more fixed point (s) for the detection of the structures surrounding them, on which the detection systems can be oriented, the inclusion of the "tooth" in the detection using previously known identification systems (eg face detection, iris scan or the like ) should also enjoy protection with this application.

In addition to identification features or parts thereof, for example of teeth, teeth and / or tooth portions, those of the body and / or parts thereof should also be claimed the identification and or verification of living beings, persons or the like, in particular also in combination, can be made usable.

If at least a part or section of living or dead bodies (e.g. people and / or living beings and or individuals and / or animals etc.) is mentioned in the patent claims, then at least one body part, the head, the face,

Facial parts, facial cutouts, ear, nose, eye, in particular cornea, arm, hand, leg, foot, torso, finger, toe and / or a part and / or one

Detail above this means the person who is used to authenticate people, living beings and / or individuals. There are probably no two teeth on Earth, let alone teeth, which have the same outer and inner geometry and appearance, and therefore no two individuals, which are only found in e.g. the shape, color, structure etc. to resemble a tooth. The same applies to dental and / or dental work of any kind which supplements or replaces teeth or tooth substance etc. The individuality of these handcrafted results, which is based, for example, on the individual aesthetic perception of the dentist, the dental technician, the patient and the resulting wishes, the handicraft skills and the individual specifications of the individual anatomical relationships, etc., is also unique and therefore for Identifications and verifications can be used. According to the patent, the “identification features” and / or information acquisition is recorded in the corresponding methods, for example by means of laser scanning and / or a sensor and / or detector and / or camera system and / or contact scanning with or without lighting etc. and corresponding processing The same applies to the detection of areas around the tooth, teeth and / or teeth (eg body, head, face, parts thereof, etc.), which can also be used for identification and / or verification can, as claimed, directly iήi mouth and / or the characteristic used of the person, the living being and / or on an image of any kind and / or an impression and / or negative relief of the characteristic used for identification and / or verification and / or on a model of The negative relief or model can be in the form of data or in the form of a mat erials exist. The negative can be cleared e.g. converted into positive data within a computer program or used directly.

Likewise, living beings, objects, objects etc. have a characterizing shape, shape, contour, outline as well as surface quality, characteristic features, identification features, also artificially created markings in the visible area or no longer visible with the naked, unarmed eye, which also these characterize individual features by which this dead matter, the object or the object, etc. can be recognized, recognized, identified and / or verified. The Detection of the surface structure also provides information as to whether the feature or area used for identification and / or verification is living or dead or artificial.

The methods according to the patent use laser systems and / or detector and / or sensor and / or camera systems etc., etc., capable of scanning or recording and / or recognizing bodies, objects, surface structures, identification features etc. with or without lighting at least the area used for identification and or verification evaluation. In the case of lighting, such systems have a light transmitter, which is a laser system that emits laser light and a light receiver that receives it. For safety reasons, it is recommended that if a laser is used on humans in accordance with D3N, a laser that is harmless for this or the characteristic used for identification, such as the Type 1 or 2 etc. laser, is to be used. According to method 1, the shape, the contour, the shape, the volume, the outline, the (surface structure, for example the surface relief, macro-reliefs, micro-reliefs, the roughness, etc. of the tooth, tooth portion, teeth and or of the dentition are used for identification work, for example, on the basis of the triangulation method, in which a transmitted laser beam deflected by a rotating mirror hits the point on the object recorded by, for example, an EMCCD, CCD camera, sensor, etc., the pulse process, which is reflected on the detection of the transit time of the transmitted and recorded laser beam, the phase comparison method, the stereoscopy, the light-emitting method etc. It is possible in this way, for example, to take distance images which reflect the geometric relationships of the surrounding objects and / or intensity images for extraction, identification of surface identification independent of external ambient lighting and the like sw. In this way, individual measuring points can be assigned different hues, for example light gray points further away and dark gray points for closer measuring points. After laser scanning (optical method that works with laser light, in particular a targeted, for example, cellular and / or meandering scanning and or only defined detection of individual points is permitted, and thus compared to methods with normal light (e.g. daylight) a higher optical and in particular also spatial resolution an unstructured amount of data (point cloud) can be obtained, which can also be linked with polygons. These data can still be thinned out and structured arithmetically. It is still possible to try to describe the data processing in geometric elements and thus carry out an approximation. The points are selected and sorted using software, for example, and possibly further processed in three-dimensional coordinates using a CAD program (Computer Aided Design).

Converted data into 3D buildings can also allow virtual sections through the body or the object, the extent of which, for example, cross-sectional length, shape, circumferential length, etc. can also be used for identification or verification, which is a sophisticated variant. However, this data can also be generated without virtual cuts. There are also other laser processes that can also be used for the above-mentioned purposes and can also be used according to the requirements. Using a combination with a camera or image recording unit, a color image, for example, can also be added

Supplement the intensity image and data acquisition only via a camera enables one

Identification and / or verification using colors and / or using the combination of, for example, shape, outline data, etc. with the color. A color analysis is also made possible, which e.g. via the RGB color system, the L * a * b * - and or via one or more of the other color systems and / or other data (information), etc. Color data can be used both as reference data and as a password and / or code substitute, for example also by the search program. In this way, the flood of data is taken into account and a preselection via color data or an acceleration of the selection of reference data in a sophisticated method variant is made possible. Also, as a further variant according to the claims, a color detection via a laser system is described, whereby spectral data and / or data are obtained by deflecting the beam (change in angle) and / or also in the case of laser light with a spectrum via the spectral analysis of the reflected light. It is also possible to combine a previous method with the laser system at all levels of detection. Combined measuring (e.g. the color measuring apparatus) and laser light, let, with knowledge of the angle of incidence of the light on the tangential surface of the object and the angle of the reflection beam to a defined line or plane, the data distortion e.g. minimize on curved surfaces. The beam path of measurement light from the color measurement apparatus can be detected via the laser radiation, which takes the same path to the measurement point, and can be included in the color data. The curvature detection of the feature can also be used to simulate the beam path or flow into the data recording.

The laser-based distance range can also be overlaid with the intensity image. The localization and detection of the shape of the object or person or of cutouts and / or areas thereon are made possible in this way. If the object is also to be completely captured in this way, the dentition or tooth must be taken from several points of view and / or locations and / or from several perspectives with one and / or more, for example, laser detection apparatus (s), cameras, sensors, detectors and / or image recordings etc., the data acquisition is carried out simultaneously or in succession. The local isolated coordinate systems must now be transformed into a uniform (higher) coordinate system. This is done, for example, via link points or via an interactive process directly over the various point clouds. The combination, for example with a digital camera, offers photo-realistic 3D representations. Detections with accuracies at least in the millimeter range at greater distances

> 50m or in close-up measurement in the micrometer range (1 micrometer) or more precisely enable exact identification or verification. Accuracies of +/-, for example

15 micrometers are realistic even with fast scans of more than several centimeters per second. The point density or amount of data can be increased or reduced. For the methods according to the patent, it is required to scan at least two points and to record their relationship in space and / or to one another. Nevertheless, for security against confusion and incorrect results, incorrectly verified or falsified persons, living things, objects, etc., it is recommended to record as many points as possible, but on the other hand it should be borne in mind that the more points are used for the procedures, the longer due to the amount of data this takes until a result is found. Algorithms span a three-dimensional metric space in which the distances between different biometric features are mathematically clearly defined. According to the patent, it is therefore not necessary to generate a processing of the data to form a 3D image or the 2D image variant which is also simpler, and / or the data for this purpose. Rather, it is sufficient for identification that data generated by the corresponding recording system or the corresponding recording systems at any processing level behind the laser, sensor, camera, image capture and / or detector and / or behind the capture of data or information when recaptured, the data of the image capture are at least so close that the system, according to its intended Tolerance or sensitivity for this purpose, which confirms authenticity or correspondence or rejects it in the absence of data. Of course, the explanations for the laser scan are only illustrative and can also lead to the goal in a variety of other methods. Information and / or data for the purpose of identification and / or verification for gain. Laser and / or other model data, associated with a person and / or the living being and / or the personal identification data, e.g. name, age, place of residence etc. of the person, can be used to identify or verify the person or living being again when the data is collected again, if the newly recorded data come close to the original or reference data within the tolerance range. Teeth or human teeth have the main advantage, they are not subject to facial expressions and mostly in a relatively rigid connection with the facial skull. However, teeth change their shape over time due to caries, abrasion, erosion and as a result of dental interventions, as well as their color due to deposits or aging, especially after the age of 40. All processes are slow and creeping processes, which due to the high level of dental care and prophylaxis today are further slowed down and sometimes stopped. Statistically, caries diseases are declining and will soon be displaced from a former widespread disease character to a negligible peripheral size in the future. Still, in the present this factor of feature change for identification and verification should be considered. It is proposed according to the claim after every dental procedure which is for the

Identification and verification is relevant, initiated by the person e.g. to effect a new acquisition of the reference data by pressing a button on a separate acquisition unit and / or the recognition unit and / or on request etc. For this purpose, the first registration and or new registration can also be done directly at the location relevant for identification or verification, e.g. at the bank counter, in the driver's cab of the vehicle, in the

Passing area, the border or the security-relevant access area etc. and / or also directly from the same apparatus which carries out the identification or verification on the basis of the new data with the already stored data, or at a separate recording unit which is not in a direct local connection to the identification and / or place of verification. This re-acquisition of reference data can take place automatically, for example, after a predetermined number of acquisitions within the identification or verification case or after predetermined periods of time as a function of or without dependence on the acquisitions. Both variants are patented. The newly recorded data must be within a tolerance range selected by the manufacturer or operator of the identification or verification system in order to be used as new reference data. The recorded data are only saved and become reference data if they are within the tolerance range or close to the previous reference data. New recordings of the reference data can also be carried out automatically if the identification system detects deviations, which, however, are within the specified tolerance range. In this case, the system is given a limit deviation within the tolerance range, a reference data update should be carried out if it is exceeded. The new reference data can be recorded using a separate device or directly via the identification and verification device. The new reference data can be recorded either before or after the identification or verification, or simultaneously or immediately in one and the same process of identification or verification. The data acquisition for the reference data or the data acquisition for identification or verification can take place directly, for example, on the tooth, teeth or teeth, body, face, a part thereof, etc., but it can also be done using a negative, for example an impression negative, with an in impression material (e.g. silicone, polyether, etc.) used in dental practice, which is initially plastically deformable and becomes hard or elastic through reaction. Also patented is a recording of a model that was created, for example, by taking an impression, for example with the above-mentioned mass, by taking the impression, for example, by tamping or pouring, etc. with a material, such as plaster, plastic, etc., or milling without or according to data (e.g. copy milling , mechanical scanning and milling, etc.) possible. A data acquisition (reference data and / or new data acquisition in the case of identification) is also possible according to the claim, even via scanning via contact or mechanical scanning using equipment that has been enabled for this (e.g. via a probe tip, mechanical scanner, copying system, etc.), also on the original, copy or impression negative and is not included the right protection. Both reference data and newly acquired data can be acquired, for example, by a camera, sensor, detector and / or laser scan, etc. A recording of the personal characteristics of teeth, teeth, tooth parts, body parts exclusively via one or more camera system (s), image acquisition, sensor, detector, camera and / or laser systems both with and without lighting and or with or without color determination are patented variants ,

The image acquisition, sensor and / or detector and / or camera and or laser acquisition and or otherwise acquired information or data of the identification features can include teeth, teeth, a tooth and / or tooth portion and / or body, head, face, ear, Nose, eye, arm, hand, leg, foot, torso, finger and / or toe and / or a part and / or a section and / or feature thereof. This applies to the reference data as well as to the data recorded in the identification or verification case.

In the case of detection by the laser in the case of identification or verification, this can also be done, for example, via only a section or a point line, which, however, must lie within the reference point cloud or at any height, but within the reference-scanned areas. For example, a line or a partial line, but at least two points in a data area of the reference-recorded dentition are sufficient for decision-making within an identification or verification process. Theoretically, it would be sufficient if the same two points were found and recorded in the identification or verification case as in the reference data acquisition case to make the decision described.

Everything that has been said so far can also be captured for the data and / or images by exclusively using a laser scanner and / or detector and / or sensor and / or camera and / or image acquisition system or the like and in a slightly modified form also for the Capture by this apply. If, for example, the entire dentition and / or body and or parts thereof are stored in a reference data file, it is not necessary for the data acquisition in the case of identification or verification to record the entire dentition or the entire body or part thereof again, a partial dentition is sufficient here, for example. a tooth, a tooth portion, a face part etc. and / or a cutout and / or a line or partial line and / or features on this only two points in relation to one another and / or to and / or in space and / or to the surrounding structure capture. The tapping or detection of a line, a section or several sections etc. can be carried out in all roughness directions and all angles, for example vertically, horizontally, diagonally, meanderingly, for example to the tooth axis, image axis, on the feature etc. 3 show some examples here of almost countless possibilities. An infinite number of acquisition variants are possible. Here, the possibility is given to set up at the identification or verification site more easily and with a laser system and / or detector and / or sensor and / or camera, and / or

To equip an image capturing system which does not have to capture the tooth shape from several directions, for example. Rather, a small section is sufficient, which the data through

Tapping or capturing at any area and so from the position and the

Head posture, head, body and positioning is independent. The downstream

Processing is carried out by examining the data correspondence within all or one or all of the stored teeth and / or body and / or area thereof. Data relations or value relations which, in a figurative or non-figurative sense, contain the tapped points and their relations to each other can only be found on the same individual and only at the same location of these points and leave not only the person and / or the living being and / or the object but also identify and / or verify the local insulation within the area used for this purpose, if this and / or this, for example is connected with a marking and / or with an identifier and / or information etc. Subsequent processing thus has the task of bringing the data and / or the section and corresponding relations to cover with the reference data and / or the 2D and / or 3D reference image, which one will it be via an image and / or real and / or Transferred in a figurative sense to a 2D and / or 3D representation, checked for correspondence or proximity by moving, rotating, etc. of the new partial shape on the reference shape and trying to match it.

The identification and / or verification via body, body part, face, face part as a bone (ante), skeleton, (personal) characteristic or the like also takes place. The complete feature or a part of it can also be recorded in the form. It would also suffice here in the case of identification or verification to tap a part, for example, a line which, for example, forms horizontally, vertically, diagonally to a degree defined on the feature, for example a longitudinal axis, or takes all other angular sizes with respect to it. Even tapping in the case of identification and / or verification of only two points would theoretically be sufficient if these two points are the same and / or have the same relation to one another and / or to the environment as that of the reference. If the reference data pool with the data acquisition of the entire feature, for example teeth and / or face and / or body etc., is available, only a small section is sufficient for the renewed data acquisition within the identification or verification case. Here is an advantage of the method and the equipment, which is now irrelevant, from which side or whether from obliquely above or below or at what angle, for example, the laser beam for scanning or the beam path for image acquisition etc., for example the body, face and / or of teeth, etc. The person to be identified or verified is therefore position-independent for these methods. Since laser-recorded points can be tapped with accuracies in the micro range even in the nanometer range, it is also possible to record structures that are not perceptible to the naked eye and can be used for the purpose of identification or verification. The same applies, for example, to image acquisition and use, for example using zoom, magnification, magnifying lenses, corresponding optics or the like.

All surfaces of the human body accessible to the laser scan can be used. They can be recorded in their visible form, shape, contour and / or the outline or a part of this as well as surface structure as well as surface structure that is not visible to the unarmed eye (e.g. relief, microrelief, roughness etc.) and thus as a personal characteristic for identification or Verification can be used. Every person has a different body, face, ear shape, etc., which is individual and unique to him. According to the claim, the combination of the detection of shape, shape, contour and / or the outline and / or a part thereof and the surface structure of the body, head, face, ear, nose, arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers and / or toes is also suitable etc. with and / or that of the dentition, tooth, tooth portion and or feature. In the case of the combination, relations, for example, between body areas and / or body points or point communities, e.g. in the area of the face, ear, etc. to points, areas, point communities of teeth and / or teeth and / or tooth (parts). These relations can be distinctive points and / or features or even x-arbitrary. The specification of which relations and points are used can be made by the program or by the user of this system. For laser-assisted identification and verification, at least the two points required for this purpose are sufficient and e.g. Points, a point cloud, point cloud sections or corresponding data etc. can be used.

If the dentition, tooth, tooth portion is to be identified or verified exclusively or in conjunction with other technology via the sophisticated camera acquisition, a data record that can also be generated in 3D can be acquired via several cameras, but at least via one camera. In principle, however, it is also possible to generate in 2D and / or if the relations are maintained, the dentition, which naturally has an arch shape, can be represented, for example, by reconstruction within the image plane. If the first and / or reconstructed 3D reference data are known, a 2D representation and / or their data and / or data about the area to be evaluated, which is brought into line with the reference and / or in the positive case thereof, is sufficient in the identification case and / or verification case Tolerance range they should be. The same also applies to the use of a laser system and / or the combination of laser and camera system or other technologies, which also forms a sophisticated process variant. A laser-recorded structure (e.g. teeth, head, face, etc.) in reference data can only be used for the new data acquisition, for example, only by means of a camera, sensor,

Detector and or image acquisition etc. carry out identification and / or verification, the data recorded by the camera not necessarily being 3D and 2D acquisition being sufficient. The same applies in cases where other systems are combined.

The same applies, for example, to different combinations of process technology and / or types of recordings.

Are shape, shape, contour and / or the outline, surface structure (e.g. relief,

Microrelief, roughness etc.) of teeth, teeth, tooth, tooth parts, body, head, face, ear, nose, eye, arm, hand, leg, foot, torso, finger, toe and / or a part and / or a Excerpt from this, for example by means of a laser and / or camera and / or sensor and / or detector and / or image acquisition or the like, etc., features and / or information and / or patterns in the data, in the image and / or are always included here to recognize the detected structure, which can also be used for identification and / or verification. At least one smile 8 and one smile 10 can use the upper jaw and / or lower jaw teeth, in one case or another considerably fewer or more teeth, which according to their position in the jaw and squares (I, II, fl, IV) of dentists of 11 to 18, numbered from 21-28, from 31-38 and from 41-48 (see Fig. 4: 1 = 14, 2 = 13, 3 = 12, 4 = 11, 5 = vertical dividing line which divides the quadrants I and II as well as DI and IV separates from each other, 6 = 21, 7 = 22, 8 = 23, 9 = 24, 10 = 33, 11 = 32, 12 = 31, 13 = 41, 14 = 42, 15 = 43, 16 = horizontal dividing line, which separates quadrants I and IV as well as II and UI). The location and position of the teeth and natural dividing line are useful features. Suitable for identification and / or verification and / or for data formation and / or usable features are, for example, the striking points on the dentition and on the tooth, for example according to FIG. 5, the mesial corner (7) and distal corner (4), cervical crown end ( Arrows), cusp tip or canine tip (2), incisal edge (1), mesial side or edge (5), distal side or edge (3), mesial slope (9), distal slope (8), and according to Fig. 6 approximal contacts or Approximal spaces between two teeth (examples 1, 4), the vestibular surface (7), the center line and the approximal area between the teeth 1 and 21 (4) representative of the between several and / or all other teeth, papillary tips of the gums (3) here between tooth 22 and 23 representative of further, the cervical and / or gingival margin (2), mesial corners of 31 and 41 (5) incisal edge or distal corner of 12 (6). As an example, his selected selected striking points of the dentition are provided with arrows in FIG. 14. The connections of corner points and or striking points to one another form lines, for example selected in FIGS. 8, 9, 12, to be recognized. Points of a tooth can also be connected to points of an adjacent or non-adjacent tooth. For example, structural lines (natural or distinctive lines) that can be used for identification and / or verification and or connection lines that are based on distinctive points are exemplary. called: proximal sides, incisal sides, cusp slopes, tooth equator, tooth crown axis,

Connection between cusp tips and / or gum papillae and / or tips of adjacent or non-adjacent teeth with each other or with each other, in addition, additional lines can be formed by adding further distinctive points. Constructed points arise when connecting lines or extended lines,

Tooth boundaries, boundary structures, continuity changes or interruptions and or others

Cross connecting lines and / or constructed lines in real or figurative terms with each other and / or with each other (almost every drawing contains such points). 10, 11, 19,

20, 21, 40 show selected lines as examples. Crossing points created in this way or constructed points can also be connected in this way.

Really or in the figurative sense, all points can be connected to each other, including (natural) striking points, crossing points, constructed points with each other and with each other. Newly created connecting lines create newly constructed crossing points, so that new generations and / or hierarchies of connecting lines and crossing points or constructed points can arise and are also usable, so that potentially applicable points and lines could be infinitely large in number due to constructions. The same applies to angles, surfaces and spaces formed by lines and / or points. The tooth surface can be further divided in a sophisticated variant. 8-12 are selected exemplary drawings for this. This division can also be done e.g. the tooth crown axis and / or horizontal dividing line, the anatomical equator (largest circumference to the crown axis) etc. are realized.

Points that have been used in the first generation have exponentially more usable points and connecting lines and consequently more angles, surfaces, spaces and patterns for each generation

Angles, for example, between natural edges (for example, between mesial and distal cusp slopes, mesial proximal sides and incisal sides, the approximal sides, the incisal sides, distal approximal sides and incisal sides, mesial approximal sides and the mesial side slope, the distal proximal side and the distal side slope, the mesial distal side and the mesial distal side Slope, the distal proximal side and the mesial-side slope (selected examples in FIGS. 5, 7) of adjacent and / or non-adjacent teeth (FIGS. 7, 13) and / or lines and / or connecting lines and / or also constructed lines or connecting lines (selected 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) can be used for identification and verification purposes .. There are one or more areas between these natural edges, distinctive lines, constructed lines etc. and / or by connecting distinctive and / or constructed points also for ideals tification and verification can be used as well as newly constructed points. One or more lines or straight lines can be used along their length, from one or more angle (s) and area (s), and spaces over their size. Size of the area and spaces, angles, lengths of the lines can thus serve as features with the knowledge, for example, of the object-objective distance or object-apparatus distance by the reference data acquisition, used in the identification and / or verification case. Here, these sizes can be reconstructed by image reconstruction (e.g. zoom, enlargement, reduction, rotation, etc.) and thus used absolutely. Distorted angles, line lengths and / or areas can be reconstructed by knowing the overall structure or can help in the reconstruction of the feature area and / or in, for example, aligning the newly captured image with the reference image.

If angles, lines and / or areas match the prototype in another claim variant, e.g. in the case of positive identification and / or verification, the head outline and / or detail outline and / or the features also match in connection with the overall picture and / or the feature proportions etc. Another variant according to the claims uses the structure proportions and / or the relations between defined lines, edges and / or connecting lines and / or relations between defined angles and / or the relations between defined surfaces and / or planes and / or spaces and / or with one another. For example, the relationship between the length of two or more identical or different edges of the same tooth, for example those named above, immediately adjacent and / or non-adjacent teeth, distance between the level differences of adjacent or non-adjacent (incisal) edges, lengths of constructed lines and or connecting lines between prominent and / or constructed points, angles and / or and or surfaces and / or their relation between two or more identical or differently named edges and / or sides of one and the same tooth, immediately adjacent and / or non-adjacent teeth and / or jaw areas and / or constructed lines and connecting lines with one another and / or with distinctive lines and / or edges. Which lines, angles, planes or surfaces, rooms, how many, how the surfaces look, e.g. how many corners they have, how many striking natural and or constructed points are used, etc. can be set, for example, depending on the security requirements of the person using these methods. The more points, lines, angles and / or areas and / or spaces are used, the more precise the result of the identification and / or verification but also the more data quantities have to be compared and the longer the acquisition, search and comparison process takes.

For example, data can be compressed by summarizing data. For example, points can be combined into lines, these into areas and these into spaces and these into patterns, thus keeping the amount of data small. In a further method variant, at least one feature and / or point and / or angle and / or area and / or space form (advantage: among other things data compression) relations and patterns which can also be used for identification and / or verification purposes.

A sophisticated variant works with a prefabricated grid for all general acquisitions (section Fig. 24), which brings real or imaginary data about the image and or the acquisition section and / or the characteristic to be evaluated here

Organization. It is oriented e.g. at one or more prominent points of the

Bit and / or a tooth (part) and / or a face and / or face part and / or body and / or body part. The orientation of the grating can also be oriented either at least over a defined crossing point and or over a defined point within a defined grating element at at least one striking point, feature, feature group, and / or feature area and / or constructed point. The image information content of grid elements, for example, via the accumulation of features and / or the number of changes in continuity and / or interruptions in continuity, can thus be determined, for example, by the color saturation of the gray tones, color density, pixel density, bits or the like. etc. can be used within a grid element for identification and / or verification. The image information content on the accumulation of features and / or the number of changes in continuity and / or interruptions in continuity, for example on the color saturation of the gray tones and / or on the accumulation of tapped points etc., can also be used for feature detection and does not necessarily require a grid or lines, in a further method variant.

A system and or apparatus can provide data and / or image information about areas, rooms, grid elements, areas, for example through their information content (e.g. about color tones, grayscale, quantity and density of the tapping points etc. e.g. of the image areas, pixels, etc.), and provide information on structures and distinctive points and / or features. At least one image acquisition unit e.g. A camera, detector and / or a sensor, with or without lighting, and / or laser scanning unit etc., image and / or data processing and / or data analysis are necessary. By using a neural network, the feature recognition and finding and or processing by the system can be improved.

Another variant as claimed uses the resulting intersection points between striking edges, lines, constructed lines and / or connecting lines with horizontal lines and / or vertical lines of the grid and / or also the new constructed lines between newly constructed intersection points and / or angles and / or Areas and / or patterns that result from this. In the drawing, arrows point to a few selected structures crossed by horizontal lines (FIG. 22) and vertical lines (FIG. 23), which are also used to construct connecting lines and / or in relation of the points to one another Identification and / or verification can be used. 18 shows three connection examples here

(dashed lines) of almost countless possibilities

An individual grid that has its horizontal lines, for example, on incisal edges of the same name (e.g. middle upper incisors, lateral or incisors, first or second premolars or molars, etc.) (Fig. 15) and / or unidentified teeth and / or their centers at prominent or constructed points etc. and / or its vertical lines, for example on the approximal spaces and or mesial and / or distal edges / lines

(selected examples in Fig. 16) and / or at striking or constructed points,

Crown centers, crown thirds, etc. oriented (selected examples in Fig. 18, 19). The individual lines have individual distances from one another (selected examples in Fig. 17) and individual angles between lines are created here. Selected examples in Fig. 19. Individual information can be derived from this.

The same statements as for the assembled grid can apply to the individual lines and the individual grid. In addition, information can be recognized by crossing the extended grid mesh lines with the edge of the grid and / or the image and / or with predetermined defined planes or lines. The same applies to individually constructed and / or distinctive lines. The information is similar to that of a bar code on the edge of the grid and / or image and can be read using appropriate technology, for example the detection of light and dark. The lines can also be planes in the 3D version

Everything that has been said so far can also be combined with one another or can be combined. Relationships and relations of the rest of the body and / or one or more personal features to a tooth (portion), the teeth and / or the dentition can also be established using striking points, constructed points, connecting lines, constructed lines, angles, and / or surfaces , This is absolutely and / or relatively possible. Distinctive and / or constructed points, connecting lines, constructed lines, angles, and / or surfaces and / or spaces form relations, patterns, data information or the like which can be used for identification and / or verification. Features, distinctive points, constructed points can be used, Connecting lines, constructed lines, angles and / or surfaces, relations and / or patterns exclusively in the area of the head, face, ear, the rest of the body and / or parts thereof as well as the relation of these to those of the dentition.

Both individual dental-based nertical lines cross striking face structures and these have distances or distance relationships, for example to the face outline (FIGS. 25, 26 selected examples). The same applies to dental-based horizontal lines (Fig. 15, 19). 25 shows an example of some dental-based nertical lines and selected intersection points with natural structures (arrows) and FIG. 26. Lengths of several plumb lines on nertical lines which are in contact with the facial outline or prominent points. 26 and 27 also show a few selected diagonally running connecting lines between Kreuzimgspunkten. Vertical lines of the face (face-based

Vertical lines) (examples FIG. 29) alone and / or with dental-based vertical lines

(Examples Fig. 28) as well as combined with body-based vertical lines.

Vertical lines are formed by a plumb line that passes through a striking point and / or feature. Vertical lines also form relationships with each other. The same applies to

Horizontal lines and for grids. Likewise, dental-based vertical lines (1) with face-based horizontal lines (2) can form a grid and / or intersections. Fig. 27 additionally shows some constructed connecting lines and crossing points between natural ones

Structure and face-based horizontal line (5), facial structure and dental-based vertical line (4), connecting lines from a crossing of vertical line and horizontal line to another (6), crossing point between connecting line of two striking points and a vertical line (8) crossing of a connecting line with a striking one Line (7). For the face, distinctive dots can be used to create an individual grid, whereby the lines must cross all symmetrical features and / or at least one (3 see selected example of the upper horizontal line) in order to be defined. Fig. 44 shows a possible individual grid, for which, moreover, what has already been said about the individual grid in the tooth area applies. The same also applies to the constructed lines and / or connecting lines and / or the grid in the area or partial areas of the body, head and / or face and / or the combination of these and / or parts thereof with the bit and / or parts thereof.

The dashed diagonals in FIG. 43 represent selected connection line examples. The grid network can have both more uniform line relations and lines which are distributed unevenly (FIG. 44) over the viewing space (FIG. 45). Vertical lines can be based on features or distinctive points (FIG. 44) and / or on intersection points, for example of the horizontal lines with body structures (FIG. 45). Some selected intersection point examples shown in FIG. 46 are those which result from crossing a facial horizontal line with a facial contour (1), with a facial structure (4), crossing a facial vertical line with a corresponding horizontal line (2), a facial horizontal line (3). and Nertikallinie (5) with a connecting line between a prominent point or a facial horizontal line with the proximal papilla between teeth 11 and 21 have arisen.

Further data can be obtained, for example, about the length or relation of the eye pupil (FIG. 30), the inner corner of the eye (FIG. 31), the outer corner of the eye (FIG. 32), the lateral nostril and / or subnasals (FIG. 33), striking ear points (Fig. 34) to one or more striking (eg corner point or end point of tooth edges or sides, approximate points,) and / or constructed point on the teeth. With the relations, for example, of the eye pupil to other prominent places on the face (selected examples, Figure 29, see arrows), for example with the corner of the eye to the teeth, the locality is the To determine the pupil in the room (pupil position). By prompting you to mark the

Capturing apparatus to fix or through a mirror in the one to be identified and / or

The aim of the verifying look is to determine the direction of the gaze and / or head and / or body position via the pupil position and to create the possibility of also reconstructing body relations or feature relations to one another.

Length and relation of the bipupillary line (connecting line between both eye pupils) to

Points and / or lines (e.g. Ihzisalkanten and / or other tooth features, relation of the

Tip of the nose to the tooth features, distance or relation of one or more points of the

Face (e.g. lower or upper orbital margin etc.) to one or more of the tooth features. Here, the length can be according to the program specification both from the plumb line (an example Fig. 41 and with distance differences Fig. 42), from the shortest connecting line or the longest and / or a defined lines specified by points as well as corresponding relations, angles, areas, spaces and / or patterns are used. Some prominent points on the face are marked by arrows in FIG. 29. They and / or their relations to one another and / or to the dentition and the lines, angles, surfaces and spaces that arise from them can be used for sophisticated process variants. 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 show some selected variants. An extension of these lines can be seen in FIG. 40 and allows information to be obtained. Additional crossing points also with the picture edge additional lines, angles, areas and spaces arise which can also be used. Crossing points with an image and / or detection cut-out edge or with one or more defined vertical-horizontal lines and or grid lines have an information content. Thus, for example, by recording light and dark (line crossing corresponds to a dark point, for example) and / or recording crossing points and / or a relation of crossing points on a line, this represents a further variant which is more sophisticated than the formation of the data basis.

The ear (Fig. 47) contains the fossa triangularis (1), Crura antihelicis (2), Incisura anterior (3), Tragus (4), Cavitas conchalis (5), Incisura intertragica (6), Lobulus aurikularis (11), Antitragus (12), Antihelix (13), Helix (14), Scapha (15) and the Cymba conchalis and Crus helicis below the Crura antihelicis and above the Cavitas conchalis can be used as examples for identification and / or verification. 48, some selected exemplary arrows point to areas or points which, or a part thereof, are used for the above-mentioned purpose in method variants according to the claims. For the FaU of using horizontal lines, vertical lines, connecting lines, constructed lines, grids individually or assembled, etc., what has already been said also applies here. See for example Fig. 49, 50, 51, 52, 53. The features, constructed points, striking points, connecting lines, constructed lines, angles, surfaces, spaces can also be used from other perspectives or can be made in Fig. 54 , 55, 56, 57, 58, 59. A line of prominent or defined tooth points can be either a plumb line or also in a defined and / or by program specification chosen angles happen. The crossing of lines with structures, natural lines or constructed lines also creates crossing points which can also be used further. 60, 61, 62 are selected examples of this. The same is possible with all other striking and / or constructed and / or defined points. Basically, all naturally given, striking and / or defined and / or points, crossing points and / or points and / or features of the body, head, face and / or dentition and / or parts constructed by definition and in relation to each other in the pattern are the they can form and / or the relation to the environment and in space can be used for identification and / or verification and / or all can be connected to one another. Furthermore, all of these connections, constructed lines and / or natural structure lines can also be used in relation to one another and to the surroundings and in space, as well as the pattern formed by them for the same purpose and angles, surfaces and / or spaces formed by them, patterns for the purpose of Data acquisition or for the acquisition of data and / or information for identification and or verification are used and through them new usable intersection points are constructed.

All points, lines, angles and / or surfaces are at least two of them in relation to each other and / or in relation and / or form a pattern. Relation and / or patterns are so individual and can therefore also be used in a sophisticated manner and / or can be used to obtain data. The individual drawings or figures are examples and only show examples of some of the countless possibilities of using teeth, teeth, etc. for identification, and the parts and individual elements within the drawings and figures are representative examples that are given in an illustrative manner, so supplemented and / or can be replaced by others who should also enjoy the protection of this application. It goes without saying that the explanations for the points, lines, angles, surfaces, planes, spaces and constructions, features etc. described above are only illustrative for the registration. Other designs, constructions, features, distinctive or constructed points, etc., can easily be defined, designed or found by those skilled in the art who embody the principles of a part of the invention of this application and thus fall within the scope thereof. Information and / or data can be obtained from the above statements and can be supplied for the purpose of identification and verification directly or via further processing, possibly also coding.

With a smile, at least 8 with a laugh more teeth are exposed for the above purpose. From this alone, the combination of line features and angles and areas gives a probability of a match of 1: 10 ¹⁰⁰

However, the probability of obtaining two identical teeth from different individuals, particularly in the case of laser scanning and / or camera use and / or image acquisition and / or processing, migrates depending on the number of points picked up, for example 720 million pixels a second scan, with each pixel in relation to each pixel, to 1: infinite -1. The denture detection contains at least 100000 feature points, possibly with further sub-points.

The detection of, for example, tooth shape, outline, circumference, volume, contour, size, shape, partial shape, structure, crown curvature, radius, tooth positions, bit characteristics,

Tooth control errors t, for example, tooth tilts, inclinations, rotations, gaps, missing

Teeth etc.), presence of teeth, distance, arrangement, number of teeth, inclination, height,

Width, edge courses, relations, relationships, tooth cross-section, shape anomalies,

Toothings with the opposing jaw teeth, relation of the upper jaw to the lower jaw teeth, tooth size, size of the interdental space, shape and size of the dental arch, steps between the incisal edges etc. is also possible both on artificial and or natural teeth, teeth, tooth, tooth portion, gums etc. and / or parts of it. The entries mentioned above and / or after the text can e.g. with laser and / or camera and / or sensor and / or detector and / or image acquisition etc. via contact and / or non-contact (without contact) etc. with or without lighting.

Furthermore, with all acquisition options (e.g. laser, camera, sensor, image acquisition, etc.), relationships and relations of data from the rest of the body and / or one or more personal characteristics to a tooth (part), teeth and / or teeth can be established. Even a change in half or three-quarters of the front of the dentition or more, for example due to extractions or dentures etc., could be classified as tolerable with such probability ratios and the remaining teeth could still be used for identification and verification. Even the identification / verification of a tooth, even a part thereof, can be carried out with high accuracy. For this reason, it would also be entirely sufficient to use only part of the data or to compress or integrate it, not least to avoid a flood of data.

In order to avoid the flood of data, it is also proposed as a sensible method variant to record the exclusive characteristics that characterize the living being or the person, i.e. the special features that only this person has as reference data and / or newly recorded data of the identification and / or verification case and / or to recapture and or compare. Such peculiarities can also help in the selection of the reference data and can be used by the search system in accordance with the aforementioned identification features. For example, data can also be compressed by summarizing data. Another method variant is used to deal with color processing and / or determination with a comparable goal for preselecting data from the reference data, not least because of the increasing amount of data with the increasing use of identification methods and / or verification methods. For example, the conventional Irisscan can also be used alone with a color camera

Color processing or recognition supplementary and / or combined and / or by one

Color camera to be carried out to make a color selection and so a color preselection. This color preselection speeds up the selection of the iris data, which are assigned to the iris features and represents a sophisticated variant. The same applies to other body colors, e.g. of skin, tooth, face, etc. The color data can e.g. the iris and / or teeth etc. the selection of data from differently obtained data e.g.

Face recognition, finger recognition, speech recognition etc. etc.

Color acquisitions can also be carried out by means of color measuring apparatuses and / or sensors and / or detectors and / or by means of camera and / or image acquisition without or with lighting or the like. the area used for identification or verification for one or more of the claims and or for the color detection.

A combination of the color detection and use of this with one or more of the claims represents a sophisticated variant. For example, the iris color and / or other body colors (hair, skin, etc.) can also be assigned tooth shape data, which may also be due to the color preselected and / or used for identification / and / or verification or tooth shades are used for the preselection of iris data or body shape data or facial feature data etc. etc. Also color data of the same or another feature can encode shape data, for example, have information about this and / or represent Mer just as data such as form, outline of a feature that encode another and / or have information about this and / or can be representative of this. In this way, shape data of tooth features can be compared with shape features of the face or another part of the body by, for example, a translation and thus serve the purpose of identification and / or verification.

What has been mentioned so far also applies, according to the patent, to inanimate objects, objects, etc. If these were created by hand, it is understandable that the individuality of the shape of the scope, outline, characteristics, color, etc. consists in the individuality of the hand guidance or tools (e.g. work of art, etc.), which For example, depends on the form of the day, emotionality, the will to create, etc. of the creator. But even in the case of factory-made products, there is an individuality of a product unit, which stands out due to variation features from another product of the same name, and can be identified and / or verified by these without any doubt, using or based on the above-mentioned methods. In the distance, not only people but also car brands, aircraft, ship types, bombs or mines, firearm types or very specific objects, which are individually named in the reference acquisition, can be characterized due to the outline or has been provided with information or only with a code by which shape, its outline, etc. are identified, verified, recognized or recognized.

For example, people, living beings, objects, objects, etc. can, according to the patent, carry a feature, object, marking or the like and have or have attached or contain them, which and / or which, for example, this living being / this person from a greater distance and / or the object, the object etc., in particular via laser-based and / or ka era, sensor, detector-based, image capturing, etc.; Identify and / or verify data collection. The same applies to data acquisition, for example, exclusively by means of image acquisition and / or camera and / or sensor and / or detector, etc. For example, in military use, a distinction can be made between friend and foe, individual persons identified or verified. Bombs or mines can be recognized by their marking or their overall shape, etc. The license plate or a mark, for example on the motor vehicle, enables it to be recognized and thus the holder to be identified. A combination of this recording along, for example, a motorway or highway, a tunnel or bridges when approaching and departing from such routes enables, according to the claims, control and use and determination of the extent of the use of such a device, for example in terms of charging and calculating this, and offers a contribution to toll collection. If a completely scanned and / or recorded feature, for example a license plate in the form of reference data, is scanned and / or recorded again, a partial scan or partial detection, for example a line, partial line, section on the license plate, which subsequently translates into data, is also sufficient can be brought. If, for example, the license plate is scanned across, i.e. in a horizontal direction, the line is at a certain height and grabs the data like a bar code, which is now compared with the reference data. The feature can also be tapped in other directions. Such a system is inexpensive, the motor vehicles do not necessarily have to be equipped with a receiving and transmitting system such as GPS-based or radio systems based toll systems, the system is self-sufficient in the country and not dependent on international satellites, manipulation-proof due to the lack of access by the driver the plant. However, a combination with other systems (e.g. GPS, radio waves, etc.) is also possible. Such a system consists of light transmitters and receivers and a data generation data processing system. Such a light transmitter / receiver system is installed at every entrance and exit, for example from toll motorways or in direct relation to the toll tunnel or bridge system. The processing unit can be physically and / or spatially separated from this recording system, for example centrally and / or decentrally with portions in the area of the recording system, the division of the data generation and processing unit being left open according to the patent and thus at every point of the level of data recording downstream of the sensor and processing can happen. No surface resembles another and no section of a surface resembles another in areas which are no longer accessible to the human unarmed eye, even if the surface of two objects of the same name or of the same type or of the same batch or even the same object is visually the same in different places acting areas. Even surface sections, previously recorded in the form of reference data and possibly provided with an identifier, information, code, etc., can, after further data acquisition and corresponding data relationship within the

Tolerance range can be identified or verified. The same applies, for example, to

Objects, objects, materials, materials etc. The microrelief, which is so varied, the variation of the roughness depths, the variation of the shape of the positive or negative parts of this relief, etc. are so characteristic that they can be used in particular for laser-based identification and / or verification. An artificial marking as an object-specific identifier (for example engraving, laser-assisted marking, etc.) for identification or verification is described in a further patented variant. The identifier can contain a code, information about the product, etc.

A sophisticated marking variant can be invisible or not visible to the unarmed eye or visible to uninitiated persons in the content or can be understood or identified. Such an identification or marking is intended to enable the authenticity of the document, for example, and / or the identification or verification of its carrier in a manner which is in line with the claims.

The reference data of the method according to the claims need not necessarily be stored in a central file or, for example, a memory carried by the person to be verified, for example a chip card, transponder, floppy disk, chip, etc., but can be tapped, for example, via markings, images, etc. in the identification verification case. For example, a picture, an impression, positive or negative relief, etc. of the tooth / denture can be scanned and / or recorded from an ID card or passport and with the data collected from the person, living being and / or individual to be identified and / or verified be compared. Depending on the order of the recordings, the tooth image of the ID card in this case, for example, forms the reference for the scan data or data of the teeth, for example, on the person or the teeth as a personal characteristic, tapped on the person form the reference data for the denture image on the ID card. The body, head, head, face, etc. can also be handled, for example. A marking is, for example, also a picture of a fingerprint or face, etc., which is also recorded in the verification case in order to record one or more personal characteristics of the living model. The detection of one or more features, for example of the ID card, identification card, etc., in this identification or verification variant, forms the reference to the model of the feature to be recorded and / or that Verification used feature of the person and or of the living being and / or individual is the model reference for the data of the eg. ID cards, passports etc.

The recording of the pre-image data can take place both with the same system or with a different or different system: For example, the recording for the original data can be done via a camera system, e.g. passport, ID card, chip card etc. and the real structure and or the real feature e.g. Teeth, face, etc. are detected with a laser system or vice versa, etc.

Also, by linking data with other data, one and / or several characteristics, e.g. of the ID card, passport or features on these, etc., representatively code one or more other features of the person and carry out the verification by scanning and / or recording the corresponding feature. For example, a facial image on the identification card tooth features, iris features, head, body features, personal data etc. of the person / living being or the iris and / or the fingerprint on the picture encode a verification via the tooth scan on the person and the identification and / or verification e.g. by comparing the iris of the ID card with the acquisition data of the tooth, the comparison of the face of the ID card with the acquisition data of the fingerprint, etc. For example, the iris image on the ID card and the dentition on the person can be recorded and the person identified and / or verified. By entering a code and / or by means of the newly recorded data and / or partial data and / or data parts and / or by means of data on a data carrier that the person to be identified / verified is aware of, the reference data are selected from the database and / or the data acquired Data, partial data or parts of data compared with the reference data or parts or a part of these. Another variant of the identification and verification process is based on this. Reference data can also be in a database and from this e.g. by e.g. Code entry or selected by the renewed data acquisition and used for a comparison with the newly acquired data. However, reference data can also be stored on a data carrier carried or owned by the person (e.g. memory chip, transponder, floppy disk, etc.) or mapped or in relief (tooth rack, face, ear, fingerprint, body shape, etc.), or encoded (e.g. barcode, Letter, number code, etc.) etc. This carried data carrier can be an identity card, passport, a chip card, an access authorization card, etc. The person to be identified and / or verified can, for example, enter a code or password and have their data recorded in the same process. The code selects the reference data which are used for the comparison with the newly recorded data.

Ultimately, the toothbud can also be compared, for example, on the ID card, passport, chip card with the real teeth and / or teeth and / or tooth portions of the person to be identified and / or verified by both capturing the image and / or photos and / or reliefs and the teeth and / or teeth and / or tooth portions of the person are recorded.

Several acquisition methods can be combined here. For example

Reference data originate from a laser scan and the acquisition of the data of the identification or verification case originate from a conventional camera scan or can be supplemented.

On the other hand, for example, camera images can feed the reference data pool and the data acquisition within the identification or verification process will be carried out via a laser scan. Several methods can also be connected in parallel or in series

Provide data for the reference data and / or enable the data acquisition of the identification or verification case, which further meets the human need for security. The data or partial data and / or data elements resulting from at least two different recording methods and or recording systems can be used separately from one another or linked to one another. The use of a neural network (modularly structured) is used to increase the precision of the methods and minimize errors and to optimize the detection Calculation models based on the principle of the biological model with the characteristic of learning ability) proposed and forms the basis of a claim variant. The system should therefore optimize the detection path itself based on individual parameters. The neural network should also be used in general for color evaluation and identification, but also in particular for teeth.

The reference data and / or information from the corresponding identification feature (s) can be stored centrally, for example, in a database or decentrally on a “data storage”, for example, used by the person to be identified or verified, for example chip card, floppy disk, transponder, storage media, microfilm, CD, hard disk, RFID ( Radio frequency identification), image, relief, structure, impressions, image form, paper form, foil form, written form, cryptic, object form, contour, volume, outline and the like, etc., ie when it comes to capturing and or recording and or storing data This can be done via any conceivable and / or previously known possibility and is demanding, since all electromagnetic rays follow the general physical laws (radiation propagation, refraction, diffraction, absorption, transmission, reflection, interactions with materials, etc.), but due to their wavelength accordingly differ I, it is possible to identify and or verify which and / or by means of a corresponding system consisting of at least one corresponding system element which emits electromagnetic radiation and a system element which detects and uses it, for example a material, object, living being and / or person which has been exposed to this radiation due to the rays changed by the material, object, living being and or person etc. which have been detected. Both are usable Radiation patterns, radiation intensities, radiation location, as well as beam paths. Will over several

Detectors and / or sensors radiation can record statements about the beam angle and its change after interaction, for example with the material, object, the

Living being, the person, etc. Higher-energy radiation penetrates the object more easily, lower-energy radiation, for example, is absorbed or reflected or scattered more.

Intensities, beam path changes etc. form radiation patterns and thus data that can be used for identification and or verification. For human and human use

When using high-energy radiation, the relevant radiation protection requirements and regulations apply. According to the claim, the entire electromagnetic spectrum and / or parts and / or a section thereof and / or only one type of radiation with a wavelength can theoretically be used for identification and / or verification. For example, packs of objects can be identified as well as materials, objects and / or people, etc. In particular on teeth, the volume, the geometry, the features of identification of the space of the pulp (popularly known as the "tooth nerve") or a part thereof can also be identified One or more teeth are grasped and used for the corresponding purpose of identification and / or verification the X-ray image) or 3D (e.g. MRT, CT) and their data are used for identification and verification. Individual geometry, shape, appearance, "identification features" of tooth roots, inaccessible or visible structures of the rest of the body (e.g. (Facial) bones, arterial, nerve obstruction f, pattern of the cancellous bone of the bone, thickness of the cortical bone, geometry or part thereof of the skeleton etc.) can be used in accordance with the claims. Identification using one or more of the methods is also possible in the field of forensic medicine and crime. Identifications of a special kind in this area, e.g. For the identification of corpses, models and X-ray images are kept that are kept at the dentist. There is a problem with the 10-year retention requirement. It is not uncommon, especially for people who rarely perceive dental art, that documents of this kind that could be used for identification are no longer available. A central data storage in the form of a database of the data recorded according to the method would be problem-solving. Works of art, pictures, paintings skeletons, bones, stones, valuable e.g. World-famous gemstones etc. can also be recorded in the data in accordance with the method according to the claims and then identified or verified at any time when they are recaptured. Areas of use are therefore in archeology, geology, the art market, museums.

All of these methods can be used, for example, in the area of banks (access to sensitive areas, access authorization to the safe, cash dispenser, cashless Payment transactions, access control, ATMs, security-related facilities (e.g.

Production sites, power plants, airports, customs) as well as safety-relevant machines and

Vehicles (car, truck, plane, ship, construction machinery, cable cars, lift, etc.). The

Identification of means of payment (e.g. chip cards, credit cards, banknotes, coins, stamps) and documents, ID cards, passports, Cip cards etc. as well as garbage e.g. to the

The purpose of waste separation at waste recycling companies is also possible. military

Use or civil use also for the recognition or recognition of distant or nearby objects, objects or people.

Banking sector, computer security, e-commerce, law and public security, authorities, companies, healthcare, telecommunications, private space, device access control, etc. are exemplary areas that can use one or more of the sophisticated methods. The list of applications and possible uses could be continued almost indefinitely. If portable devices are also used with wireless data exchange and / or processing, police identification measures with identification and / or verification can be carried out directly at the crime scene, for example. The fields of application and industries which could potentially use these methods could be continued indefinitely, many fields of application and possible uses of previously known authentication methods can be found in the relevant literature and are also possibilities for the methods according to the invention.

For the purpose of objective color description, color measurement with a wide variety of systems has so far been used in industry for quality monitoring and in research in the material-friendly sense. Such apparatuses and systems (for example, spectrophotometers, three-range measuring devices, color sensors, color detectors, etc., etc.) are designed for measurement on flat surfaces and homogeneous materials such as plastics, automotive paints, printed products, textiles. They sometimes generate a standardized light, which is directed towards the object to be evaluated. This object reflects the light that is not absorbed by it in a corresponding spectral composition, which must hit the sensor capable of detecting the measuring apparatus for the purpose of measurement. Light falling on the sensor is processed as an example in the following by striking photocells, then converting it into electrical signals and finally converting it into digital signals. From the digital signals, for example, color measurement numbers, values, values for creating spectra curves, etc. can be calculated. At every level of processing downstream of the sensor, usable data, partial data or data parts are created. At this point, it makes sense to consult the as yet unpublished studies with six different measuring devices and far more than 100,000 recorded and evaluated values from the patent applicant. According to these, essential differences between the visually assessed means are routinely used in dental practice standing comparison samples of so-called tooth shade rings and the measurement technology

Tooth shade determined. Furthermore, natural teeth of the same color are evaluated visually based on these samples and measured completely differently in terms of measurement technology, and no tooth had even approximately similar measurement results to another. Both the influence of the tooth crown curvature and the internal tooth structure were considered insulated and bear, among other things. to the range of colorimetric values indicated above.

In other words, the external highly individual structure of the natural tooth in the form of the

Tooth geometry, its crown and root cell curvature and the uniqueness of the internal structure, among other things in the form of its layered structure (enamel, dentin, pulp, relations and variations in layer thickness), its individual crystal structure, individuality of orientation, shape and density of the individual in the development phase grown nanometer-sized prisms, lattice defects in the crystal structure, the individual size and the proportion of organic and inorganic material, the composition and the chemical composition of those proportions etc. have a significant influence on the measurement results. The most complex refraction, reflection, remission, transmission processes result from what has been said, which affect the measurement results and data. The reflected non-absorbed, newly spectrally composed light determines the measurement results and / or data (for example color measure numbers according to the CIELAB, CIELCH 1976, Munseil system etc., color measurement values, values for describing a spectral curve, information contents or the like data etc.). These measurement results on inhomogeneous, naturally structured teeth have nothing in common with the measurements on flat, homogeneous artificial materials. If the patent claims or the description of reflected or reflected light is mentioned, the color, the color term or the spectral composition of the light falling on the sensors is also always meant, the same applies vice versa and if there is talk of a tooth, just as well the same for parts of teeth or several teeth and / or dentures. If data or partial data are mentioned in the patent claims or in the description, the same procedure would in any case also be possible with only one data part or a date or part thereof. Nevertheless, based on the theoretical, mathematical consideration of the probability, it would be advisable to use as much as possible less data for the methods of the claims. Whether larger or smaller amounts of data are used for these purposes depends largely on the security interests of the user or the person using these procedures. The above-mentioned reflected light occurs, hits a tooth ejected by a light transmitter (e.g. artificial and / or natural and / or standard lighting, device-specific or room lamp, artificial light etc.) and / or natural light (e.g. sunlight, daylight), which in turn changes the light through its highly individual inner and outer structure and throws back that changed light. The light reflected by the tooth thus indirectly contains information from the interior of the Zalmin and from its external structure. This inner and outer structure of one Zahn as well as the light reflected by it is at least as unique as one

Fingerprint, the DNA (gene code) or the iris and is as unique as a

Human or an individual. This reflected light, through a sensor, detector,

Photocell, camera, image capture etc. recorded, is converted into a data record or partial data record. That data record or partial data record thus contains information about the light reflected by the tooth, which is in the tooth color and the individual tooth structure

Justification finds. This data also contains coded information, among other things. about color,

Structure and structure of the tooth, So that data or partial data is just as unique as the natural tooth of a human or an individual that has grown. This enables tooth identification. The natural owner of this tooth is connected to it and can be identified by it. This data or partial data, obtained from the light reflected by the tooth, once stored, archived or recorded, can be used as a model for a renewed or partial detection of the reflected light and detected by the sensor with the resulting data or partial data for identifying or verifying teeth. People or individuals can be used. For this purpose, the exemplary drawings FIGS. 1 and 2 provide information. If the data or partial data resulting from a renewed detection of the light reflected by the tooth essentially match or approximate those of the stored, archived or recorded data / partial data or if there are similar result patterns, the tooth is identical to that previously saved in the data , archived or recorded. In the other case, a missing or inadequate mismatch or approximation of data, partial data or result patterns is not one and the same tooth. The same applies to the identification of the person or the individual who is the natural owner of that natural tooth used for identification. If there is sufficient agreement or approximation of the data, partial data or pattern of results, obtained from the reflected light of the model (model tooth) and its (tooth) re-recording, this person or this individual of the new recording is identical to that person or that individual from the model recording. The advantage of image acquisition (e.g. laser scan, camera, video camera, digital, analog camera, photo camera, photo scanner, etc.) at least for the identification and or verification of the body and / or dentition and / or area and / or section and / or section and / or an identification feature and / or part of this and in particular on teeth opens up the possibility of the cutout (s), point (s) or the like to be used in, for example, color pattern, relation, shape or the like and / or a corresponding one, for example on the identification feature (s) and or the area (s) to be used via the setting in size, localization, shape and its number, pattern or the like. (e.g. via factory setting, user setting, the one to be authenticated, field processing or similar) and / or to select, whereby this makes it difficult for the system to be equipped by unauthorized persons, who cannot know at which point they are simulating or have to intervene in a manipulating manner to overcome the system. The same applies to the

Registration of all identification features, e.g. also i.a. for shape and design registration.

A visually subjective recording or evaluation or comparison of the "identification features" via (previously) individually produced and / or assembled samples or samples (shape samples, dental color samples, comparison samples or the like) by an evaluator would also be a sophisticated variant and also an inexpensive one AUXILIARIES.

Furthermore, the technical or dental art hides due to the high

Individuality of craft skills and sensations for aesthetics, color and

Shapes as well as the adaptation to natural, highly individual conditions, including dentures and prosthetics, a high degree of individuality in terms of color, shape, thickness of the layering, etc., which also allows the identification of these works, the person or the individual as the bearer of those works. Tooth or teeth represent not only natural, but also artificial non-natural teeth. Artificial or non-natural teeth stand for dental or dental technical work results or for objects that the patient owns in the sense of teeth / tooth parts or for taking over tasks from teeth / tooth parts and carries or can carry in his own mouth (e.g. fillings, tooth copings, I lays, prostheses, etc.).

The identification of the person or the individual takes place on the basis of that work result and / or object or the like which is used for identification and which that person or that individual owns or whose carrier is that. If there is sufficient agreement or approximation of the data, partial data or result pattern, obtained from the reflected light or detection of at least one identification feature (s) or parts thereof of the model (artificial teeth / tooth, work result or object or the like) and its renewed one Registration is this person or individual of the new registration identical to that person or that individual from the model registration. The use of these methods enables the assignment of tooth material to the tooth material of the same individual and to the individual himself in forensic medicine work. The identification of the dead will be another task of these methods. Because teeth of the same individual have in the data sets as determined in claims on matches or approximations of data. An application would also be conceivable in the archaeological area. If the data records or partial data records of one and the same tooth or the same teeth of the same person or individual are compared, a clear identification of living or dead people or individuals must be carried out in a forensic medical or criminalistic area. A data pool of corresponding tooth data sets, which was created by as many people as possible during their lifetime, would also be conceivable in this context. The identification of a dead person can be clearly carried out, accelerated and facilitated. Other areas include checking access authorizations for security-related facilities and areas, bank accounts, the control of cross-border persons or individuals, the identification and assignment of persons or individuals to a group, community or country.

These data records or team data records, in connection with ID cards, passports, driving licenses,

Access rights, let the person or the individual be identified. Banking or savings banks, security-related facilities (power plants, production facilities,

Airports, planes, etc.), forensic medicine, forensics, etc. are potential users of this

Process.

A major advantage of using the light reflected by the teeth to

Identification and verification is that teeth, especially the anterior teeth, have been structural over long periods of time. The internal and external structure of permanent teeth in adulthood are not subject to any changes. Changes due to caries, erosions, dental activities are increasingly taking a back seat with the younger generations due to modern dental prophylactic efforts, and even dental-related changes to the individual tooth can be recorded by the data record being created by a simple data entry after an intervention in the dental dentition has the latest version updated. Verification: The new input data / or partial data transferred from the reflected light are compared with the already stored data or partial data from the corresponding method of the data collection described in claims 1 and / or 2. For the selection to compare those data or partial data of the data storage or from the database with the data or partial data of a current recording according to the method, the user or the person or the individual provides a personal identifier, identification, data disclosure or the like (e.g. code number, other personal, identifier on a data carrier, data and / or the like). If the data or partial data of the database or the data storage selected by the identification, identification or data disclosure match the data or partial data of the current recording, then the person is the person for whom they claim to be and their identity is confirmed. Data storage means, inter alia, the location or any previously known way of storing or holding that data. Process example FIG. 2 provides that a selection of the data or partial data to be compared with the current acquisition takes place from a central data memory via an identifier, but rather the comparison data in the form of a portable one or that is in the possession of the person or the individual to be verified In the case of verification, the data carrier is available for comparison with the data or partial data determined in the current recording. An additional identifier would not be absolutely necessary in this case, but it would also be possible. The processes in combinations, for example with chip cards, ID cards, passports, driving licenses, etc. have a wide variety of possible uses. The desire for more security in the banking system, with access authorizations for security-relevant devices, power plants, production facilities, airports through them The development of tooth-related personal, personal identification features can thus be taken into account and the existing methods in the field of biometrics can be supplemented by a new methodology or a new method and a new possibility in this area. These data records or partial data records, combined with ID cards, passports, driving licenses, access authorizations, allow the person or the individual to be biometrically identified, verified, recognized and recognized. Banking or savings banks, security-related facilities (power plants, production facilities, airports, airplanes, etc.), forensic medicine, forensics, etc. are potential users of this procedure. Providing the recorded data / partial data (based on the aforementioned claims) of materials with an identifier (e.g. via barcode, code number, data / partial data, material description or the like) can be used to recognize, recognize, identify and verify the corresponding materials, objects, Objects, colors etc., e.g. for the optimization and control of production processes, in the logistics, customs, forensics sector or similar. deploy. The data, partial data or data parts, as recorded in the claims, directly or via a detour of an identifier can also be provided with information about the material or product. The user areas and advantages are described in the aforementioned claims. A quick access to information is also possible and there is a high level of security against forgery. Each method according to the invention is not restricted in terms of location, arrangement, number and connection of the ner driving steps ₅ procedural parts or procedural components as well as the (technical) means used for this. There is also no restriction in the method according to the invention in the type, choice, quantity and number of means for realizing the data processing / comparative method steps and the data used. A universeUse of these processes can be seen as a further advantage.

It goes without saying that with the large, almost unmanageable variety of apparatus, instruments, systems and / or aids and their various names and designations, which are particularly important for the detection of shape, partial shape, shape, contour, shape, volume, Features, color, relations, peculiarities, of the reflected light, electromagnetic radiation, its pattern, its spectral composition, its beam path, of reflection and / or transmission already exist for general purposes - with consideration of the limitation of the scope of this patent application - only can be listed by way of example, so that for this reason, in addition to those upgraded by way of example, such as CCD (Charge Coupled Devices), ICCD (Intensified Charge Coupled Devices), EMCCD (Electron Multiplaying Charge Coupled Devices), CMOS, -Detector, camera, sensor, line, video camera, color camera, Büdverarb cable, image recording, ΝIR- (Νahinfrarot) camera (white area 900-1700nm), ER. (infrared) camera, CCM coordinate measuring machine, CAD-CAM system, Photodetector, black and white or color (image) camera, in moving or still images,

UV light camera, spectrophotometer, color sensors, detectors, detectors, three-range measuring device, camera, fluorescence spectroscope, microspectrometer, X-ray unit, CT

(Computed Tomography), RT (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), Automatic ID (biometric system), Biometrie Device (biometric recording device, Biometrie Engine (software element

Registration, inclusion, comparison, extraction and overriding processed),

Strip light topometry, CCM coordinate measuring machine, non-contact free-form scanning etc. for the claims also a variety of other options (methods,

Apparatus, instruments, systems and / or aids) for selecting and / or obtaining data that can be used for authentication can be selected or enumerated and / or combined with the above, which are also used for the purpose of (biometric) identification and / or verification can be used, used or used in particular on tooth, tooth portion, teeth and / or dentition and / or a section thereof. In the case of lighting, a wide variety of means can be used (e.g. artificial light, daylight, standard lighting, sunlight, light that enables higher optical and, in particular, spatial resolution, laser lighting, LEDs, standard lighting, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, etc.). Even comparison color palettes that can be used for the visually subjective or objective evaluation (e.g. color samples, color palettes, tooth shade rings, color match), spectroscopy etc. can be used. Each apparatus or auxiliary means can be used alone or in combination in accordance with the claims for the purpose of identification and / or verification.

Theoretically, all previously known or published instruments, apparatus, devices, sensors, detectors, cameras, detection units, systems, methods, possibilities, etc., which are used to record and / or data and / or obtain information from forms and / or partial forums and / or Shape and / or contour and or volume and / or the outline and / or features and or or special features and / or surface structures (e.g. relief, microrelief, roughness etc.) and / or outer and / or inner geometries and / or colors and / or Structures and / or structure and / or natural and / or artificial reflected light and / or electromagnetic radiation and / or Ted and / or its spectral composition and / or its beam path, parameters and / or formation extraction etc. etc. are qualified and / or used and / or applied and / or described, also according to claims for identification and / or verification, especially on teeth, teeth, tooth (parts) or similar. are also used and thus fall under the protection of this application. However, in view of and in view of the limitation of the scope of this previous application, this list of a large number of other possible options and the presentation of their theoretical backgrounds are dispensed with and reference is made to the fact that all options that are capable of the above-mentioned or sophisticated biometric Capture parameters / basics for use especially on teeth (tooth,

Tooth portion, teeth and / or teeth) and / or according to the claims should also receive sophisticated protection here.

It also goes without saying that the (general) functions and / or fundamentals and / or technologies and / or procedures (implementation) and / or possibilities also for information and / or data processing and or the procedure etc. (e.g.

Acquisition, processing, data preparation, (data) comparison, etc.) of previously known ones

(biometric) identification and / or verification procedures e.g. physiological or behavior-based type etc. (e.g. apparatus or biometric face, fingerprint, finger, hand, geometry recognition, iris, retina detection, nail bed, vein pattern, gait, lip movement, voice, signature recognition, sitting, typing, etc. ) and / or for example holistic (e.g. recording of the entire face, own face, template matching, deformable template matching, Fourier transformation etc.) and / or feature-based (e.g. recording of individual features, facial metrics Elastic Bunch Graph Matching, facial geometry) (Amberg, Fischer Roessler , Biometric Process, 2003, pages 22-25) Approach and or other approaches etc. (such as averaging from pixels and grayscale, threshold value formation, feature extraction, comparison of the impression with a template, analog or digital data can be used, Hamming distance - Number of non-matching bits between two binary vectors is used as a measure of the difference Edibility related, preprocessing for the alignment positioning of the figure template with the new recording, feature text reaction, averaging, creation of jets and wavelets, use of the processor, Fourier transformation etc.) and / or parts and / or individual process steps etc. thereof also for the Authentication, in particular based on tooth, tooth portion, teeth and / or denture, structures surrounding it, etc. or parts thereof, and / or can also be used with the methods of the claims, and thus can be used in this application context with tooth, tooth portion, teeth and / or dentures surrounding structures etc. or parts thereof etc. are under the protection of this application. The same applies to the combination of previously known methods in this field with those of this patent application. If only description is made of living beings or people or animals or individuals in the description and claims, it goes without saying that living and / or dead living beings and / or people and / or animals and / or individuals and / or living nature are meant. Any use, in whatever way, of teeth, teeth, tooth, tooth parts and / or e.g. From this derived and / or obtained parameters, characteristics, information, data, etc. etc. With and without a combination and / or inclusion of other surrounding (body) areas and / or animate and / or inanimate nature for the purpose of identification and / or verification of people, living beings, animals, individuals etc. fall under the claimed protection of this application.

Claims

claims:

1. The method uses the shape and or partial shape and / or shape and / or contour and / or volume and / or the outline and / or circumference and / or proportion and / or size and / or size and / or one or more features and / or special features and / or surface structure (e.g. relief, microrelief, roughness, texture etc.) and or outer and / or inner geometry and or relations and / or color and / or structure and / or structure and / or layering and / or texture and / or arrangement and / or natural and / or artificial reflected light and / or electromagnetic radiation and / or artificial and / or natural parameters and / or characteristics and / or part and / or section thereof and / or the like etc. (identification features) of natural and / or artificial teeth and / or teeth and or tooth and / or tooth portions as a feature (dental identification feature) for the purpose of identifying living and / or dead people and / or life beings and / or individuals and records this by means of and / or a suitable and / or capable apparatus and / or instruments and / or system and or (HUfs-) means and is characterized by:

- Registration of one or more of the above Features and / or identification features and / or a part and / or a section of that by means of an apparatus and / or instrument and / or system and / or means suitable and / or capable of this. ,

- Obtaining from this data that can be used and / or used for this process purpose and / or partial data and / or data parts. - Storage and or retention of the data and / or partial data and / or data parts determined in this way.

- Use of the data and / or data and / or partial data and / or data parts and / or data parts and / or data records for tooth and / or person and / or individual and / or living being identification and / or differently recorded, in each case by newly recorded data and / or Partial data and / or data items are compared with the previously stored or recorded data, partial data and / or data parts.

2. The method, preferably according to the aforementioned method, uses the shape and / or partial shape and / or shape and / or contour and / or volume and / or the outline and / or circumference and / or proportion and / or size and / or size and or or several features and / or special features and / or surface structure (eg relief, microrelief, roughness, texture etc.) and / or outer and / or inner geometry and / or relations and / or color and / or structure and / or structure and / or stratification and / or nature and / or arrangement and or reflected light and / or artificial and / or natural parameters and / or

Characteristics and / or part and / or section thereof and / or the like as characteristic (s) etc. or similar. of living or dead bodies (e.g. people and / or living beings and / or

Individuals and / or animals etc.) and / or inanimate bodies (e.g. objects, materials, substances, objects etc.) and / or at least a part and / or section thereof as

Feature (identification feature) for identification by means of and / or a suitable apparatus and / or instrument and / or system and / or (auxiliary) means and is characterized by:

- Registration of one or more of the above Features and or identification features and / or a part and or a section of that by means of at least one suitable apparatus and / or a suitable instrument and or a suitable system and / or suitable means.

- Use of the data and / or otherwise recorded and stored in this way and / or partial data and / or data parts and / or data records for tooth and / or person and / or individuals and / or I animal identification, in each case by newly recorded data and / or partial data and / or data parts are compared with the previously stored or recorded data, partial data and / or data parts.

3. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims is characterized in that additional identification features and / or structures du / or areas and / or parts and / or sections thereof in the closer or further surroundings of the teeth and / or teeth and / or of the tooth and / or part of the tooth (for example body, head, face, ear, nose, eyes, in particular cornea, arm, hand, leg, foot, torso, fingers, toe etc.) and / or a part and / or a cutout, area, part of these, etc.) are included in the acquisition, processing and / or evaluation of the characteristics and / or combined with them.

4. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned, for the purpose of identifying people, individuals or living beings on the basis of one or more identification features and / or identification features and / or identification features carried by them or shown by them, the detection of those using suitable apparatus, instruments , Systems and / or aids (e.g. a laser, camera, etc.).

5. The method preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods after the

Detection of one or more identification features and / or identification features can also take place at a greater distance from the identification feature to the location of the recording apparatus, instrument, system and auxiliary means and / or one or more features and / or areas which can be used for identification and / or verification can be enlarged.

6 The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized by the use of recognition, for example of a person present, e.g. in a certain or given space or on an area and or its location etc.

7. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, uses the natural features and / or identifying features (for example body, object-specific, material-specific, product-specific structure or relief),

8. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, however uses artificially produced and / or processed features and / or identification features (for example artificially created relief, e.g. chemically, by laser, etc.).

9. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after the identification feature (s) and / or used for identification and / or verification

Structure (s), and / or characteristic (s) etc. can be recognized and or is to be seen with the unarmed eye and / or cannot be seen and / or can be seen.

10. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, the identification features and / or feature and / or relief and / or structure, etc., for example, an identifier, a code, information about and or description, etc. of this person, contains and / or can be assigned to this individual and or living being and / or the object and / or material etc., which (s), for example is related to the object or body (anteü) and / or the artificially created and / or natural feature relief and / or structure is a code and / or information and / or identifier for identification or verification and / or description etc. for example this Object, material, etc., which it then represents.

11. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods uses as apparatus, instrument, system and / or auxiliary means for detection a correspondingly suitable and / or capable laser and / or a suitable and / or capable laser system with at least one light transmitter and at least one for suitable and / or suitable for these purposes for example receiver, sensor, detector, camera etc. and / or contains one and / or one and / or one.

12. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods uses at least one and / or one and / or a camera and / or camera system and / or receiver and / or sensor and / or detector and or as apparatus, instrument, system and / or auxiliary means Detection element and / or capable means for image capture and or feature detection and / or feature detection and / or contains at least one and / or such and / or such.

13. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized in that the information and / or data about and / or the structure that can be used for identification and / or verification and / or the characteristics and / or the characteristics and / or identification characteristics used in 2D and / or 3D obtained and / or recorded and / or processed and / or used and / or the information and / or data can be generated in 3D.

14. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized in that the acquisitions are made from one perspective and / or from one side and / or from more than one perspective and / or from more than one side and / or such a reconstruction of Identification features and / or parts and / or cutouts thereof must be / are made possible in 3D.

15. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods enables the acquisition of the reference data and / or the newly acquired data directly on the original and / or on one

Negative (e.g. imprint, image, etc.) of and / or on a copy (e.g. model, etc.) of the identification feature used and / or used for identification and or verification, recognition or recognition.

16. The method, in particular according to one or more of the abovementioned methods, uses the possibility of identification and or verification by means of one and / or one and / or an apparatus capable of detecting, for example, identification feature, shape, shape, contour, the outline of the surface structure, etc., Data, instrument and system and / or aids created and or data parts and / or partial data by comparing them with data and / or data parts and or partial data, resulting from previously carried out by means of one and / or another type of method and / or instrument, system, aid and / or equipment for this purpose is characterized by: -Acquisition of at least one identification feature (e.g. outer shape or partial shape,

Shape, contour and or of the outline etc.) and or a part of that and / or a cutout thereon by means of and / or a suitable apparatus, instrument and / or a suitable system and / or means and production in this way by for this Purpose of the process of usable data, partial data and / or data parts. Storage or recording of the data and / or partial data determined in this way and / or

Pieces of data.

- Use of the data sets identified and / or otherwise recorded and stored in this way, in that data is newly acquired by means of one or another type of apparatus, instrument and / or a suitable system and / or means which is also suitable for this purpose,

Partial data and or data parts are compared with the previously stored or recorded data, partial data or data parts.

17. The method according to one or more of the abovementioned methods is characterized by the use of the data, partial data and / or data parts acquired and stored and / or recorded in this way for person verification and / or living being and / or individual verification, in each case by newly recorded data, partial data and / or data parts are compared with the data, partial data and / or data parts that have already been recorded and / or saved and / or recorded and / or existing and distinguished by an additional personal identifier.

18. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized by the use of the data, partial data and / or data parts thus acquired and stored and / or recorded, for person verification and / or living being and / or individual verification, in each case by newly recorded data, partial data and / or part of the data from the person to be verified, the individual to be verified and / or living being with those already recorded and / or saved and / or recorded and / or existing by an additional personal identifier, which originate from a corresponding and / or different type of recording and data, partial data and / or data part, for example in the form of a data memory, with and or in the hand and / or on the body and / or in possession etc. of the person, individual and / or living being to be identified or verified, for example, ID cards, passports, a chip card, etc. are compared.

19. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized by the use of the recorded and stored or recorded data and / or partial data and / or data parts, for example for object, object material verification, etc., in each case by newly recorded data, partial data and / or parts of data with the by an additional Identifier already saved and / or recorded and / or existing

Data, partial data or parts of data are compared and / or by in each case newly acquired data,

Partial data and / or data parts of, for example, the object to be verified, object and / or material etc. with those that have already been stored and / or recorded and / or existing and or identified by an additional identifier, originating from a corresponding and / or different type of recording and resulting in physical reference to the data to be identified or verified, for example object, objects and / or material, etc., partial data / data part, for example in the form of a data memory and / or surface structuring, etc., are compared.

20. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized by the combination of at least two different detection options, for example laser detection in combination with at least one camera recording and / or sensor and / or image detection, camera detection with detector detection and or other combinations, etc. for data acquisition in the case of identification and / or verification and / or for the purpose of reference data acquisition and / or creation etc.

21. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods and also according to previously known conventional methods (for example face detection, finger, Irisscaή etc.), is characterized by the additional addition and / or combination of this and / or this by preceding and / or downstream and / or simultaneous color detection and / or color determination and / or processing and / or visual color detection and / or detection of the spectral composition and / or the color characteristics and or the reflected light etc., for example of (personal) characteristic (s) and / or identification features and / or areas and / or sub-areas that can be used for identification and or verification, etc.

22. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, includes an addition and / or combination of one or more of the aforementioned methods with one or more of the conventional methods (for example iris scan, finger scan, face detection, etc.) or the addition of one or more of the conventional methods one or more of the aforementioned and or subsequent methods.

23. Method preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after the color acquisition and the data usable therefrom can also be of another characteristic than that used for, for example, the shape, shape, outline and or surface structure etc. and / or encode its data and / or stand for these and / or for the reference data selection this can be used.

24 The method in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims

Identification and / or verification based on color acquisition and / or color determination and / or processing and or visual color acquisition, acquisition of the spectral composition of the color characteristics or the like. (for example of iris, tooth, skin, hair color, etc.).

25. The method, preferably according to one or more of the preceding claims, acquires and / or obtains authentication data by means of, for example, color measurement instruments, sensors, detectors, spectrophotometers, three-range measuring devices, by means of lasers (systems), color measurement devices, color sensors, image processing, color analysis of the image, photo, Video, digital, camera, an image recording system, image processing system, image capture, camera system, sensor, detector, detection of the beam path, the detected spectral composition of the reflected light, etc. or the like.

26. The method in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims for color identification via an image capture and / or color sensor system or color capture and color processing in particular and or e.g. for dental purposes is characterized by image acquisition and / or color sensors and / or color measurement. -Conversion of the detected information into data.

- Possibly processing the information within a neural network.

-Use of this data to provide information about tooth color e.g. expressed in corresponding dental

Nomenclature and / or in dental product mix ratios, in shade numbers, etc.

27. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which at least the area or feature part used for identification or verification with at least the radiation power in the order of magnitude of that of daylight at the location of the object to be recognized and, when used on the living organism, with an irradiation power of the light source on corresponding location of the object to be recognized or identification feature below the maximum permissible radiation power depending on the application location, for example for the (human) eye or skin and / or where the radiation power at the feature is at least that of sunlight but at most below the power damaging to the feature, is illuminated and / or the light that illuminates at least the identification feature occupies the visible spectrum and / or contain and / or also contain an area and / or several areas of the invisible and / or visible light t and / or the light is spectrally restricted and or is monochromatic and / or is LaserUcht.

28. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, is characterized in that at a maximum of each and or after n-defined and / or after a period to be determined and / or after the last identification and / or verification and / or reference data acquisition, a renewal of the model - and / or reference data is automatically carried out either in the course of the identification or verification process and / or separately from it by a detection which is transferred to the reference data memory and / or the original storage location if the data is still within the scope of the process, ie the new data is in the correspondence or in the tolerance range to the reference and / or model data and / or the tolerance range, for example depending on the system and accuracy requirements, e.g. can be selected or specified based on the security standard.

29. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods and / or previously known methods, is characterized by the re-entry of data from the recording of the personal characteristic according to one or more of the above-mentioned methods, which itself or a part of them are used by the search program in order to be able to select the reference data with which the newly recorded data, partial data and / or data parts can be compared.

30. The method in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims is characterized by the use of data, partial data and / or data parts from the detection by previously known methods (face, iris, fingerprint, etc.) and / or by the new methods (eg dentition , Tooth, tooth portion etc.) as e.g. Pin code or password replacement, which can also be used by the search program, in order to be able to select the reference data with which the newly recorded data or data parts can be compared and / or as reference data for the data or data parts of the recording according to one or more of the aforementioned Method.

31. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims is characterized by entering a code and / or feeding the system with data from, for example, a

(Portable) data storage, which is located, for example, with the person to be identified or verified in order to be able to use the search program to search for the reference data faster, with which the newly recorded data are to be compared and / or as evidence that the person to be checked, for example, is Is the owner of this data carrier and / or ID card and / or passport etc.

32. The method preferably using one or more of the aforementioned and / or previously known methods uses identification features, color parts thereof or the like. and / or data for this purpose as data and / or code for data selection by the search program for identification and / or verification.

33. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is used for a toll system.

34. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, and relates tooth, teeth or tooth portions, tooth features surrounding structures, features, areas, etc. to them.

35. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, uses naturally given and / or naturally distinctive and or artificially distinctive and or artificially constructed features, points and / or crossing points and / or special features and / or their relationship to one another and / or to one another, in particular exclusively on the bit, tooth, teeth and / or tooth portions in and / or in combination with surrounding identification features (e.g. body, head, face, ear and / or objects and / or objects and / or parts of these etc.) and / or exclusively on surrounding identification features, for example as data and / or as a data basis for identification and / or verification.

36. The method according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized in that the naturally given and / or naturally distinctive and / or artificially distinctive and / or artificially generated and or constructed features, points and / or reference points, peculiarities etc. of the system are identified and / or recognized and / or can be used for identification and / or verification.

37. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that the at least one point and or feature and or special feature of the dentition, on teeth, on the tooth and / or on tooth portions has a relation to the environment, for example body, head, face, ear and or parts thereof etc. and / or also to at least one point and / or feature and / or special feature and or that at least two points and / or features and / or special features form a relation to each other and / or to the environment (points and or features and / or special features), which can be used for identification and / or verification purposes.

38. Method in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, after points and / or features and / or special features etc. in space and / or in relation to one another are used as a pattern that can be used for identification and / or verification.

39. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, is characterized in that the at least two naturally given and / or artificially produced distinctive points and or features are real or figuratively, for example, from the identification or / or verification system or the identifying or verifying person are connected and thus form an artificial or natural connecting line and / or intersections of connecting lines form further points (constructed points, crossing points), which in turn can be connected to each other real or figuratively (further constructed connecting lines) and thus data can be derived from this.

40. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned claims, is characterized in that connecting lines, which can also be extended, can cross, for example, naturally prescribed structures or structural breaks, changes in continuity, etc., and these crossings (constructed points) also provide data about their relationship to one another and / or to the surroundings and / or other points and / or connected to one another and / or to other points forming lines and generating data which can be used for identification and / or verification.

41. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, after all striking and / or constructed points and / or features and / or intersections etc. can be connected to one another and / or can be connected and their connection units can be used for data generation.

42. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, is characterized in that at least one connecting line between two naturally given striking and / or artificially generated constructed points and or features and / or constructed line and / or a line provides data over its length.

43. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, is characterized in that the data formation for the identification and / or verification is based on at least one angle, area, plane and / or the space which is / are indicated by (connecting) lines between Points and or features and / or special features and / or through which points and / or features and / or special features itself (eg corner points) are built.

44. The method in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims is characterized in that a reconstruction of lengths, angular areas, planes and / or room sizes for the identification and / or verification process can be made possible either the distance of the structure to be evaluated or the characteristic to be evaluated from

Detection apparatus (e.g. object-lens distance) and / or the angles at the

Reference data acquisition known.

45. Method in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after at least one point and / or feature and / or special feature and / or at least one connecting lines and / or lines and / or area and / or area and / or at least one room in the room and / or in relation to this and / or in relation to one another can be used as a pattern that can be used for identification and / or verification or can form a correspondingly usable pattern and / or can be used for generating information and / or data for the aforementioned purpose.

46. The method, in particular also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized by the intersection between a horizontal and real or imaginary horizontal lines, vertical lines and / or grid and natural structure lines, changes in continuity and / or constructed lines and / or connecting lines , and that these crossings are or can be the basis for the formation of data or patterns that can be used for identification and / or verification.

47. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that the horizontal lines and / or the vertical lines are equally spaced and / or equally spaced from one another and / or the grid network has network elements of the same size and / or size and / or the spacing of the horizontal lines and / or the vertical lines and / or the size of the grid elements is adjustable.

48 Method in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods is characterized in that the horizontal lines and / or the vertical lines and / or the grid is formed individually by the striking points, natural features, artificially constructed points and thus represents an individual pattern, which for Identification and / or verification can be used.

49. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that, for example, the feature-based individual horizontal lines and / or the vertical lines and / or the individual grid and / or constructed lines define the edge, for example, of the image section and / or defined predetermined lines and / or levels and this intersection represents an individual pattern that can be used for identification and / or verification.

50. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that the horizontal lines and / or the vertical lines and / or the grating are individually oriented and / or oriented and / or oriented according to at least one point, feature and / or special feature and / or can be aligned and / or aligned, the at least point, feature and or particularity being in particular in the area of the dentition, tooth, tooth portion or in the area of the rest of the body, head, face, etc.

51. The method, in particular also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that at least one additional point and or an additional one

Feature and or peculiarity in the area of the face and / or in the area of the rest of the body and / or that at least one such point and / or such a feature in the area of the tooth and / or dentition and at least one other and / or other in the area of the rest Body, head and / or face.

52. Method in particular also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, in which the relationship is established between at least one point defined in the dentition to a point on the face or on the surrounding body.

53. The method in particular is characterized in that at least one horizontal line and / or the vertical lines and / or the grid and / or a point and / or region of these are individually oriented and / or aligned with at least one point, feature and / or special feature, which and / or which can be determined in addition to, for example, the program, its operator, the user, user and / or operator, etc.

54. The method preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods after the areas and / or points on the lines and / or in the grid (for example crossing point, defined grid element and or defined point in such a point on a line etc.), which and thus align the grid and / or the lines according to features or distinctive and / or constructed points, should also be able to be determined, for example, by the program, its operator, the user, user and / or operator, etc.

55. The method is preferably characterized in that all points, for example intersection points, constructed and / or naturally given distinctive points, etc., can form connection lines with one another and with one another and thus via relations and / or patterns, for example, points, intersection points, etc. with one another and with the surroundings and / or to the space in which they are located and or via the relations of the lengths and / or the position of lines, angles which they enclose and / or surfaces and / or planes and / or spaces which they form and / or which span them and / or enclose and so for .Identification and / or

Verification generate usable data and / or provide useful information for this, for example, about the posture and / or position and / or head position, for example about the pupil position and / or the head position, etc., as a result of which this can be determined.

56. The method preferably according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that all naturally striking and or naturally given, artificially created and / or artificially striking and / or constructed and / or crossing points, the connecting lines and / or lines, angles, areas and / or levels and / or spaces which can be selected form at least one pattern and / or pattern relations and / or proportions which can be used for identification and / or verification, which are used for identification and / or Verification can be used.

57. The method preferably according to one or more of the preceding claims according to connecting lines (or planes) and / or lines (planes) and / or grid lines at least one defined, for example, predetermined plane and / or line and / or the detail edge of the image or a part thereof cross and create a pattern that can be used for identification and / or verification.

58. The method preferably according to one or more of the preceding claims, according to the quantity and / or type and / or which of the points, crossing points, connecting lines and / or lines and / or grid networks / grid elements, the width of the grid elements, number of striking and / or constructed Points, the intersection points with each other and / or with the detail edge of the image by, for example, the individual structures of the person to be identified and / or verified, living beings and / or the individual and / or by the evaluator of this process and / or the programmer and or by the Security needs of the user of this program, etc. can be specified.

59. The method preferably according to one or more of the preceding claims, after the comparison of distinctive and or constructed points, lines, connecting lines and / or patterns by superimposing data and / or and or information patterns and / or images from an evaluator visually, over Computer or similar is carried out.

60. The method preferably also uses one or more methods. Relation of one or more of the above-mentioned features of teeth, tooth or tooth portions to these surrounding personal characteristics for the purpose of identification of people, living beings and / or individuals.

61. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that only individual features (for example also points, lines, planes,

Surfaces, levels and or spaces), special features and / or their characteristics, identification features and / or parts thereof, which is special for the and / or the person, living being and / or individual to be identified and / or verified and / or this / s characterizes, however, at least one recorded and / or stored as a basis for reference data and / or recorded in a new recording within the identification and / or verification case and can be used for verification and identification.

62. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that individual features which are special for the and / or the person to be identified or verified, living beings and / or individual but at least one and / or these characterize reference data and / or serve and / or serve in a new recording within the identification and / or verification case within the search program for preselection of reference data.

63. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that, for example, the identity card, the chip card, etc., data of the personal characteristics (teeth and / or surrounding body structures and / or parts thereof) in data form and or in a civil form or ä. contains, on the basis of which the search program selects the reference data.

64. The method, preferably also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized in that, for example, the identity card, passport, chip card, etc., data of the personal characteristics (for example teeth and / or surrounding body structures and / or parts thereof, etc.) in image form and / or contains in structure (pattern, roughness), which is also recorded in addition to the structures present on the person, the living being in the identification and / or verification case by means of detection apparatus (for example laser, camera, sensor, etc.), either the detection of the data, for example on the ID card and / or the chip card etc., form the reference data for the data of the feature detection on the person and or these form the reference data for the detection of the data for example on the ID card and / or the chip card etc.

65. Method preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, since the identification and / or the chip card does not have to have the same registration system as the identification of the characteristics of the person, the living being and or the individual.

66. The method preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after, for example, one or more detected features, feature data, images, etc. by one and / or more of the aforementioned methods and or by one or more conventional methods known hitherto, detects a data code, for example as a pin code -, Code word replacement and / or the reference data form for the detection by means of another and / or different type and / or form one or more of the aforementioned methods.

67. The method, in particular also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after the acquisition and / or a specific scope of acquisition of data takes place only with an appropriate weighting of the event that makes identification and / or verification necessary.

6S. The method, in particular according to one or more of the above methods, uses electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths beyond the light range.

69. The method, in particular also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, uses the combination of detection by means of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths beyond that of the light range and detection, for example, via image detection, laser camera system, etc., based on one or more of the preceding claims.

70. The method, in particular also according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, uses the data from detection by means of electromagnetic radiation in wavelengths beyond that of the

Light area, in order to compare a person with a living being, object, material, etc. by comparing it with data from the acquisition, for example via image acquisition, laser camera system and / or using light in the visible or invisible spectral range, etc. based on one or more of the preceding claims. to identify or verify.

71. Method in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods after a pattern in 2D and / or 3D is carried out by detection of features with and without the use of a coordinate system, with and without the use of a grid, the pattern being usable for identification and / or verification Provides data.

72. Method in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned claims, according to areas, rooms, grid elements, areas by their information content (e.g. via color tones,

Grayscale, amounts and density of the tapping points, number of pixels or bits, etc. (for example, the image areas, pixels, etc.). Statements about structures and distinctive points and / or areas and / or features can be recognized.

5 73. Method in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned claims after data, information patterns are combined for data compression and e.g. form a superordinate pattern or data calculations, for example vectors or matrix descriptions etc.

74. The method, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after the stored reference data encodes data and / or information about this and / or information about the person from an acquisition of at least one identification characteristic (personal) data or when used on an object and / or contains.

15 75.Method preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, is characterized by the setting or selection (e.g. by work, user, user, the person to be identified and / or verified etc.) e.g. the location, size, number, pattern of the detection areas and / or identification features (e.g. on teeth, body or similar) and / or the data to be used. 0 76. The method, preferably according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, uses a neural network.

77. System and or apparatus for acquisition and / or data comparison can be used in one or 5 of the preceding claims is characterized by: acquisition device (for example possibly at least one light transmitter / lighting unit, for example at least one (light) receiver, sensor, detector or the like. ) and processing and / or comparison device (eg processing unit / central or decentralized data storage for reference data and / or code data, personal data, etc.). 0

78. System and / or apparatus, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, contains a laser light emitter and a suitable sensor, detector, camera, for example, or it contains only one sensor, detector, camera, image capture apparatus, etc. 5

79. System and / or apparatus in particular according to one or more of the claims after this and or this is portable and or via wireless connection, for example radio, data exchange and / or data processing and / or data comparison, for example with a data pool of reference data and / or characterizing and / or descriptive and / or personal data also over long distances and / or in combination with a send. and reception system to additionally record current data (speed, distance traveled, past travel time etc.) - forms a toll system.

80. System and / or apparatus in particular according to one or more of the claims after the sensor system is arranged in a U-shaped profile, U-shaped around the face and head and / or the body of the person to be identified and / or verified.

81. System and or apparatus in particular according to one or more of the claims. is characterized in that between the conventional systems used for this purpose or the usable systems and the object, for example, an enlargement system e.g. Lenses is located or an enlargement is made possible by processing, for example on a digital level.

82. System and / or apparatus, in particular for one or more of the aforementioned methods for use for distance identification, is characterized in that between the conventional systems used for this purpose or the usable systems and the object, e.g. Lenses is located or a zoom is made possible via the preparation, for example on a digital level.

83. System and / or apparatus, in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned methods, after the light transmitter emits light with a performance on the object with at least the power of sunlight, and / or after the light transmitter emits light with performance at the object below that depending on the application for people or the characteristic damaging performance, emits and / or after the light transmitter preferably emits infrared light.

84. System and / or apparatus, preferably in particular according to one or more of the aforementioned claims or methods, uses a neural network for this purpose.

85. System and / or apparatus, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, is characterized by instructions e.g. Writing and / or word visually and / or acoustically for instructions to the person to be verified or the living being to be verified etc. and / or by means of a mirror for orienting the person and the positioning of the personal characteristic to be used for identification or verification and or characterized by a Target finder and / or target display for the direction of view, for example in the form of a laser or image, etc.