EP1678729A1 - Device for detecting contact wear in switching appliances - Google Patents
Device for detecting contact wear in switching appliancesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1678729A1 EP1678729A1 EP04786837A EP04786837A EP1678729A1 EP 1678729 A1 EP1678729 A1 EP 1678729A1 EP 04786837 A EP04786837 A EP 04786837A EP 04786837 A EP04786837 A EP 04786837A EP 1678729 A1 EP1678729 A1 EP 1678729A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical waveguide
- lwl
- switching
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
- H01H2001/0026—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator wherein one or both contacts contain embedded contact wear signal material, e.g. radioactive material being released as soon as the contact wear reaches the embedded layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/26—Means for detecting the presence of an arc or other discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/50—Means for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for detecting contact erosion in switching devices.
- the present invention relates to a device for detecting contact erosion at the switch contacts in an electrical switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the opening and closing switching contacts for switching currents cause switching arcs between the switching contacts. These switching arcs lead to increasing contact erosion on the switching contacts and thus to wear on the switching contacts. Since this wear affects the switching behavior of the switching device, the contact erosion of the switching contacts must be monitored.
- EP 1 022 904 AI it is known to use a camera for visual monitoring of the wear of the switch contacts.
- Another device known from EP 1 022 904 A1 for monitoring wear is numerical monitoring with the aid of a switching cycle counter or numerical monitoring based on the summation of the breaking currents.
- an arrangement is known with which an arcing fault can be detected in an electrical switchgear by means of a lic twellenleiters.
- the light coming from an arcing fault is radially coupled into the optical waveguide and guided to a detector. Subsequently, in a stray light detection circuit, it is detected on the basis of the injected and detected light whether an arcing fault has occurred.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a further device for monitoring the wear of switch contacts in electrical switching devices.
- the device having the features of claim 1, the contact erosion being effected on at least one opening and closing pair of switching contacts in the switching device, and the device having at least one optical waveguide and at least one detector, light emanating from at least one light source the at least one optical waveguide can be coupled in and guided from the optical waveguide to the at least one detector and the at least one optical waveguide is arranged with respect to the at least one switch contact pair such that an intensity of the light coupled into the optical waveguide measured by the at least one detector increases with an increasing number of contact erosion particles generated by the contact erosion in the electrical switching device.
- this increasing degree of contamination is now used as a measure for assessing the contact erosion and thus for monitoring the wear of the switching contacts of the electrical switching device. According to the present invention, this degree of contamination is determined with the aid of the at least one optical waveguide and the at least one detector.
- one or more optical fibers are arranged in relation to the at least one switching contact to be monitored in such a way that the light coming from a light source and entering one of the optical fibers increases with an increasing number of contact erosion particles and thus with an increasing number Degree of pollution is dampened more and more.
- the light entering the one or more optical waveguides is guided from the optical waveguide to one or more detectors.
- An optical waveguide can lead the incoming light exactly to one but also to several detectors.
- the light entering several optical waveguides, which are jointly assigned to the at least one switching contact can also be guided to exactly one detector. In all these cases, the intensity of the light coupled into the at least one optical waveguide is measured by the at least one detector.
- the device according to the invention allows contactless monitoring with optoelectronic means.
- the device according to the invention allows the contact erosion to be determined without the switching device itself having to be removed from its actual operating location.
- the necessary calibration of the measured intensity to the state of the switching contacts and thus to the degree of wear is determined as a function of the respective design of the switching device and can be based, for example, on empirically determined values.
- the arc caused by the opening and closing switching contacts is preferably used as the light source for the device according to the invention.
- computational standardization must be carried out in a suitable manner. This standardization should also include possible changes in the light intensity of the arc, which increase with increasing contact wear can occur. Such standardization can then be used in the evaluation to assume that the intensity of the light emitted by the arc is almost constant.
- the contact erosion can be deduced and the wear of the switching contacts can thus be monitored.
- a light-emitting diode is provided as the light source, which together with the at least one optical waveguide forms a light barrier.
- the light barrier must be arranged with respect to the at least one pair of switching contacts so that the
- Light emitting light and coupled into the at least one optical waveguide is attenuated by the contact erosion particles located in the space between the light emitting diode and the optical waveguide. If commercially available light barriers, which comprise exactly one optical waveguide and one light-emitting diode, are preferably used, the wear can be monitored using the simplest means.
- a further light waveguide is provided as the light source. Since an optical waveguide is in itself a passive element, light from a light source, such as from a light-emitting diode, must of course first be coupled into this further optical waveguide in a suitable manner. If the light is guided by this further optical waveguide in such a way that the light emerges from one of its end faces, this end face can be regarded as a light source for the device according to the invention, and together with the first optical waveguide form a light barrier. This makes it possible for everyone electrical components necessary for the present invention, such as lamps or
- the light is guided by the further optical waveguide, which acts as a light source, in such a way that it emerges radially over its length. Because of this constant light emission, the intensity remaining in the optical waveguide will continue to decrease with increasing length, that is to say with increasing distance from the illuminant. As a result, the intensity of the emerging light also decreases with increasing distance from the illuminant.
- a plate is provided between the light source and the at least one optical waveguide, which has a defined transmittance for the light emanating from the light source, and which is arranged in relation to the switching contacts in such a way that contact erosion particles can accumulate on the plate. With increasing contact erosion, more and more contact erosion particles will then adhere to the plate and the transmission factor for the light passing through the plate will decrease further and further. On the basis of the resulting decrease in the intensity of the light coupled into the optical waveguide, the degree of contact erosion and thus the wear of the switching contacts can then be inferred.
- the device according to the invention allows at least one pair of switching contacts to be monitored, ie several pairs of switching contacts are monitored by a common arrangement comprising at least one optical waveguide and at least one detector. This common arrangement then allows a common statement about the contact erosion at this at least one switch contact pair.
- at least one optical waveguide can be provided in particular for each switch contact pair of a multipole switching device. Thus the degree of burn-up and thus the wear of the individual switch contact pairs can be monitored separately.
- the switching device can be controlled by this triggering unit. If the measured light intensity falls below a certain value due to an increasing number of contact erosion particles, the tripping unit will recognize that a critical degree of wear has been reached and prevent further switching of the electrical switching device.
- the evaluation can also be evaluated at a location further away from the switching device and the switching device can thus be monitored.
- the state of the switch contacts can then also be remotely reported while the circuit breaker is in operation. Wear of the switch contact can thus be detected early, which then enables preventive maintenance.
- the device according to the invention is preferably used for detecting contact erosion in low-voltage circuit breakers or in contactors.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment with a light-emitting diode as the light source
- 2 shows a second embodiment with a further optical waveguide as the light source
- 3 schematically shows a third embodiment with the arc as the light source
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a fourth embodiment with a plate between the light source and the optical waveguide
- FIG. 6 shows an arrangement of three optical fibers for three pairs of switch contacts.
- the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 always have only one light source Q, one optical waveguide LWL for coupling in the light emanating from the light source and one detector D for a pair of switching contacts.
- at least one optical waveguide and instead of one detector D at least one detector for the device according to the invention will be provided instead of the one optical waveguide shown.
- FIG 1-4 show different embodiments of an electrical switching device S.
- the switching device S has a first Kl and a second Kl ⁇ switch contact.
- One of the switch contacts can be moved in a suitable manner, so that the contacts can be moved toward or away from one another with appropriate control.
- Corresponding switching currents can then be switched using the switching contact pair consisting of switching contacts Kl and Kl ⁇ .
- the switching contact pair Kl, Kl is opened and closed, an arc occurs between the switching contacts Kl and Kl when switching high currents, as is usually the case with low-voltage circuit breakers or contactors. With an increasing number of switching operations, this arc causes an increasing erosion of the switching contacts Kl and Kl ⁇ and thus an increasing wear of the switching device S. If the burn-up is too great, the switching device S can no longer safely switch the currents to be switched and uss can be replaced.
- an optical fiber LWL and a light source Q are provided.
- This light source Q is preferably a light-emitting diode which, together with the optical waveguide LWL, forms a commercially available light barrier LS.
- the light coming from the light source Q will have a certain intensity depending on the type of light source and its control.
- a certain part of the light is coupled into the optical waveguide and guided by the latter to a detector D.
- the intensity of the light coupled into the optical waveguide LWL measured by the detector D will have a defined amount, that is to say a target value.
- the number of contact erosion particles in the housing G of the electrical switching device S will increase. If these contact erosion particles now reach the area between the light source Q and the optical waveguide, the light emanating from the light source Q and entering the optical waveguide is attenuated by these contact erosion particles. This means that the more contact consumable particles are present within the housing G and thus in the area between the light source Q and the optical waveguide, the lower the intensity of the light coupled into the optical waveguide will be.
- Figure 2 shows in more detail, a further embodiment of the electrical switching device S with the two switching contacts Kl and Kl ⁇ . Due to the shape of the switching contacts Kl and Kl ⁇ shown here, there will be an increased contact erosion in the marked area and thus an increased contamination. If this locally stronger contamination is to be taken into account when detecting the contact erosion, a development of the device according to the invention is advantageous.
- the device according to the invention therefore comprises an optical waveguide for coupling in light and a further optical waveguide LWLQ, which is designed as a light source.
- light from an illuminant Q is coupled at both ends of the further optical waveguide LWLQ into this further optical waveguide, which acts as a light source.
- the further optical waveguide LWLQ is designed so that the light guided in it radially emerges over its length. As a result of this permanent light emission, the intensity of the light radially emerging from the further optical waveguide LWLQ will continue to decrease with increasing distance from the illuminant Q. This means that in the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, light with the lowest intensity will emerge from the further optical waveguide LWLQ in the marked area. Since this area, which is enclosed by a dashed line, is also the area with the greatest contamination, the light already radially emerging from the further optical waveguide LWLQ with reduced intensity is also attenuated even more than in other areas.
- the light entering the optical waveguide LWL for example arranged parallel to the further optical waveguide LWLQ, will always have a lower intensity in the marked area than the light entering the optical waveguide LWL in the other areas. is coupled. Since the intensity of all the spatially coupled light components is determined for the light coupled into the optical waveguide and led to the detector D, the light entering from the marked area is weighted differently in the determination of the intensity and thus in the assessment of contact erosion than the light that is injected in other areas.
- many other arrangements are also conceivable and are included in the invention.
- optical fibers LWL and LWLQ are not meandering, but only in the form of a simple loop. It is also conceivable that both optical fibers LWL and LWLQ are arranged such that there is between the optical fiber LWL and the other
- Optical fiber LWLQ the switch contact pair Kl, Kl ⁇ .
- several optical waveguides or detectors for monitoring the one pair of switching contacts can also be provided in this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a fourth embodiment, in which the arc is the light source Q.
- a plate P is additionally provided between the arc Q and the optical fiber LWL, on which the contact erosion particles can accumulate.
- the wear of the switching device can be indirectly monitored on the basis of the intensity of the light coupled into the optical waveguide and guided to the detector D.
- the plate P shown in FIG. 4 can also easily be used in grain combination with one of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 or 2.
- the plate P itself could also be a window in the housing, the light emerging from the arc being transmitted via the plate P to an optical waveguide LWL arranged outside the housing and being coupled into the latter.
- an optical waveguide LWL arranged outside the housing and being coupled into the latter.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a possible arrangement of the optical waveguide LWL for a multipole switching device. advises with three pairs of switch contacts.
- the optical waveguide here has three loops, each of the loops being assigned to a switch contact pair of the switching device.
- the light sources are not shown here. However, as stated in the exemplary embodiments described above, these can either be the arc itself or an additional light source, in particular a light-emitting diode or a further optical waveguide.
- the intensity of the light emanating from the respective light source Q and coupled into the optical waveguide LWL and transmitted by the latter can be measured by the detector D and then transmitted to a trigger unit A.
- This release unit will control the electrical switching device as a function of the measured intensity of the light. If the measured light intensity falls below a certain value for only one of the switch contact pairs as a result of an ever increasing number of contact erosion particles, the tripping unit A will recognize that at least for this switch contact pair a critical degree of wear has been reached and further switching of all switch contact pairs of the multi-pole electrical switching device S prevention.
- a separate optical waveguide LWL1, LWL2 and LWL 3 and an associated detector D1, D2 and D3 can be provided for each switch contact pair, as shown in FIG. If the individual switch contact pairs are connected at different times and this time information is available to a detector, then the three detectors D1, D2 and D3 can be replaced by a single detector D, as indicated by a broken line in FIG. The intensities measured by the detectors D1, D2 and D3 or the detector D can then be transmitted to the trigger unit A again, and this can then react accordingly, as already described above.
Landscapes
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10345183A DE10345183B4 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2003-09-29 | Device for detecting contact erosion in switching devices |
PCT/DE2004/002121 WO2005031774A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-17 | Device for detecting contact wear in switching appliances |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1678729A1 true EP1678729A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1678729B1 EP1678729B1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=34384328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04786837A Not-in-force EP1678729B1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-17 | Device for detecting contact wear in switching appliances |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7408357B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1678729B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100477043C (en) |
DE (2) | DE10345183B4 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1095201A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2339111C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005031774A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7596459B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2009-09-29 | Quadlogic Controls Corporation | Apparatus and methods for multi-channel electric metering |
EP1793235A1 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-06 | ABB Technology AG | Monitoring System for High-Voltage Switch Gears |
DE102006042508B4 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2016-05-12 | Abb Ag | Sensor arrangement, apparatus and method for the predictive determination of contamination-related incidents of a switchgear, and the corresponding switchgear |
DE102006053398A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Electronic device |
FR2945661A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-19 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | EVALUATION OF THE WEAR OF CONTACTS ENFONCES BY THE VARIATION OF THE ROTATION OF THE TREE OF POLES |
US20110062960A1 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-17 | Lenin Prakash | Device and method to monitor electrical contact status |
ATE540415T1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2012-01-15 | Abb Research Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING WEAR OF A CONTACT ELEMENT |
DE102013112439B4 (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2020-03-26 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Switching chamber for guiding and separating electrical currents by means of movable switch contacts |
DE102013114171B4 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2020-01-02 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Switching chamber for guiding and separating electrical currents by means of movable switch contacts |
CN104320614B (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2018-10-02 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | A kind of GIS device interior video monitoring system and method |
US9329238B1 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-03 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Contact wear detection by spectral analysis shift |
DE102016217431A1 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a safety device |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3925722A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1975-12-09 | Gen Electric | Wear indicator for vacuum circuit interrupter |
JPS6129029A (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1986-02-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Method of indicating terminal number or like in solenoid relay or like |
SE463385B (en) | 1989-03-08 | 1990-11-12 | Stefan Karlsson | SET TO USE AN OPTICAL FIBER AS SENSOR |
DE4309177A1 (en) | 1993-03-22 | 1994-09-29 | Siemens Ag | Switchgear, especially contactor or circuit breakers |
DE59502186D1 (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1998-06-18 | Siemens Ag | SWITCHGEAR WITH MONITORING OF AT LEAST ONE CONTACT PIECE |
DE19727986C2 (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2001-10-11 | Moeller Gmbh | Circuit arrangement for determining the contact erosion of an electrical switching device |
DE19903968A1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-07-27 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for monitoring a switching device by means of an electronic camera |
DE10109952A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-05 | Moeller Gmbh | Stray light spark sensor, especially for switching systems, has optical element(s) with absorbable radiation fluorescence centers that amplifies stray light yield associated with base body |
FR2834120B1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-02-06 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE WEAR OF CONTACTS OF A SWITCHING APPARATUS |
-
2003
- 2003-09-29 DE DE10345183A patent/DE10345183B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-17 CN CNB2004800282159A patent/CN100477043C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-17 RU RU2006114764/09A patent/RU2339111C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-17 DE DE502004004315T patent/DE502004004315D1/en active Active
- 2004-09-17 EP EP04786837A patent/EP1678729B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-09-17 WO PCT/DE2004/002121 patent/WO2005031774A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-09-17 US US10/573,818 patent/US7408357B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-02-01 HK HK07101142.8A patent/HK1095201A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005031774A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2006114764A (en) | 2007-11-20 |
CN100477043C (en) | 2009-04-08 |
US7408357B2 (en) | 2008-08-05 |
RU2339111C2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CN1860570A (en) | 2006-11-08 |
WO2005031774A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
DE10345183B4 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
HK1095201A1 (en) | 2007-04-27 |
DE502004004315D1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
DE10345183A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
EP1678729B1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
US20070001677A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
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