EP1649666A2 - Procede pour evaluer la bande passante disponible d'un canal de transmission lors d'une transmission de donnees et dispositif d'emission pour la mise en oeuvre du procede - Google Patents
Procede pour evaluer la bande passante disponible d'un canal de transmission lors d'une transmission de donnees et dispositif d'emission pour la mise en oeuvre du procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1649666A2 EP1649666A2 EP04767689A EP04767689A EP1649666A2 EP 1649666 A2 EP1649666 A2 EP 1649666A2 EP 04767689 A EP04767689 A EP 04767689A EP 04767689 A EP04767689 A EP 04767689A EP 1649666 A2 EP1649666 A2 EP 1649666A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- loop delay
- transmitter
- window
- time
- delay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 101100148253 Mus musculus Rttn gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 208000027744 congestion Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012854 evaluation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007425 progressive decline Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/11—Identifying congestion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/19—Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer
- H04L47/193—Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer at the transport layer, e.g. TCP related
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/27—Evaluation or update of window size, e.g. using information derived from acknowledged [ACK] packets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/28—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
- H04L47/283—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
- H04L69/163—In-band adaptation of TCP data exchange; In-band control procedures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the available bandwidth of a transmission channel during a data transmission between a transmitter and a receiver through said channel, said transmission using a so-called “sliding window” method and a device. of emission for the implementation of the process.
- available bandwidth is meant the amount of data that can be transmitted per unit of time, that is to say the bit rate, through the transmission channel.
- TCP Transfer Control Protocol
- the transmitter assigns a sequence number to each byte of a transmitted data packet. On receipt of this packet, the receiver returns to the transmitter an acknowledgment of receipt "ACK" accompanied by the sequence number of the next expected byte.
- ACK acknowledgment of receipt
- the transmitter triggers a retransmission timer clock memorizing a retransmission delay "RTO" (Retransmission Time Out).
- the transmitter If, at the end of the RTO retransmission period, the transmitter has not received an acknowledgment of receipt for a previously transmitted packet, it transmits it again.
- This RTO retransmission delay is calculated, using an algorithm, according to a "RTT" loop delay (Round Trip Time), also called round trip delay, corresponding to the average duration between the emission of a forward packet and receipt of a return receipt. If the receiver receives non-successive packets, this is signaled to the transmitter by the arrival of duplicate acknowledgments.
- a sliding window mechanism is used to allow the transmitter to transmit multiple data packets before receiving an acknowledgment. Ultimately, the size of the window fixes a number of packets that can be transmitted without the need for an acknowledgment.
- This window moves as acknowledgments are received.
- the transmitter upon receipt of each acknowledgment, deletes the transmitted and acknowledged packets in its transmission buffer memory and advances its window in order to transmit the following packets.
- the window size is dynamic. Initially, it is fixed at a single packets, or even at a few packets (generally four at most), then it increases in the forum and as the acknowledgments of receipt are received, first exponentially, up to a threshold preset called “ssthresh" (Slow Start Threshold), then linearly.
- the transmission window On reception of each acknowledgment, the transmission window not only advances, so that the next packets are transmitted, but also increases. The size of the window thus increases up to an upper congestion limit, the value of which depends on the available bandwidth of the transmission channel.
- the available bandwidth in other words the maximum data rate permissible for transmission, essentially depends on the theoretical maximum capacity of the channel and the actual data traffic through this channel.
- the window is too large (too high speed given the available bandwidth), there is congestion, which results in the loss of data packets.
- the transmitter receives a notification of loss from the receiver or b) the RTO retransmission period expires before receipt of an acknowledgment of receipt.
- the size of the window is halved, then remains stable for a short period before resuming linear growth until reaching an upper limit of congestion again.
- the size of the window is reduced to a single packet and the "ssthresh" threshold is fixed at half the size of the window at the time when the congestion was detected. Window size starts to grow again exponential up to the "ssthresh” threshold then linearly until reaching an upper congestion limit again.
- the detection of congestion is therefore carried out a posteriori, by detection of the loss of data packets.
- the size of the window is then suddenly reduced to a conservative value and it takes a certain period of time for it to become optimal again in view of the available bandwidth. Such a reduction in the size of the window induces a significant recovery time and, consequently, considerably reduces the average data rate in transmission.
- the invention aims to overcome this last drawback.
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the available bandwidth of a transmission channel during a data transmission between a transmitter and a receiver, through said channel, the transmission using a method called “window” sliding “according to which the sender is authorized to send to the receiver several data packets, contained in the window, before receiving an acknowledgment of receipt for at least one of these packets, and advances the window, in order to send the following packets, as it receives the acknowledgments, process in which the transmitter measures a loop delay corresponding to the time between sending a data packet and receiving a acknowledgment of receipt corresponding to successive sampling instants, characterized in that the transmitter observes the state of the loop delay and, each time it detects a state of stability thereof, it stores the pair of values (RTT n , W n , m ax) containing the stable value of the loop delay and the maximum size of the transmission window observed for this stable value of the loop delay.
- the transmitter keeps in memory pairs of values associated with loop delay / window size corresponding to the states of stability observed for the transmission channel considered.
- This history of loop delay / window size pairs makes it possible, after congestion or a period of instability through the transmission channel, to return to a window size having a reference value. It also makes it possible, in the event of a reduction in the available bandwidth, to quantify the oversizing of the transmission window in relation to the new bandwidth. In the event of a decrease in available bandwidth, the rate of decrease in bandwidth can be deducted from the rate of increase in loop delay.
- the "available bandwidth” represents the maximum amount of data that the transmitter can transmit to the receiver per unit of time, that is, the maximum allowable data rate, through the transmission channel.
- the invention therefore also consists in observing the evolution of the loop delay in order to deduce therefrom the availability of the bandwidth of the transmission channel.
- the transmitter measures a loop delay error corresponding to the difference between the last two loop delay samples and calculates an accumulation of errors by adding the loop delay errors over the last N loop delay samples, - if the transmitter detects that the last N loop delay errors and the cumulative - SSS of errors are between and -, - representing a tolerance threshold, it
- the transmitter detects a stable state of the loop delay.
- the accumulation of errors makes it possible to quantify the evolution of the loop delay, in other words to measure the amount of increase or decrease in the loop delay.
- the threshold duration is equal to the recorded loop delay.
- the transmitter detects that C t ) - L for the first time at time t x , i) from time t x , for each sampling instant ti, the transmitter calculates the accumulation of errors Ci by adding all the errors measured from this instant t x to the sampling instant ti, and ii) if the transmitter detects that C i ) S c , S c representing a critical threshold, it signals that the data rate is greater than the available bandwidth.
- the transmitter detects that C t (for the first time at time t y , i) from time t y , for each sampling instant ti, the transmitter calculates the cumulative error Ci by adding all the errors measured from this instant t x until the sampling instant ti, and ii) if it detects that C t ( ⁇ S C , it signals that the data rate is lower than the bandwidth
- the transmitter records the stable value of the loop delay and the maximum size of available. the window observed for this stable value of the loop delay.
- the transmitter can thus memorize one or more pair (s) each comprising a stable value RTT n of delay loop and the maximum value of window size W n) ma ⁇ observed when the loop delay is stable and is equal to RTT n and there is therefore no risk of congestion.
- the invention also relates to a transmission device for implementing the previously defined method, comprising - transmission means through a transmission channel, using a method called “sliding window", arranged to send several packets of data, contained in the window, before receiving an acknowledgment for at least one of these packets and for advancing the window in order to transmit the following packets, and - means for measuring a loop delay corresponding to the duration between the sending of a data packet and the reception of a corresponding acknowledgment of receipt, at successive sampling instants, device characterized in that it comprises means for detecting a state of stability of the delay of loop and means for memorizing, each time the transmitter detects a state of stability of the loop delay (RTT n ), the pair of values
- FIG. 4A there is shown a communication network 1, in this case the Internet, and a client communication terminal 2 connected to the Internet 1 via an ISP (Internet Service provider). Provider) 3.
- the access provider 3 integrates a speed accelerator server 4, also called a "proxy" server.
- the reference 5 designates the transmission channel between the communication terminal 2 and the rate accelerator server 4.
- the transmission channel 5 is a TCP (Transfer Control Protocol) link by satellite.
- the TCP flow control protocol used on the transmission channel 5, makes it possible to control the correct routing of data packets between the server 4 and the client terminal 2, using a cumulative acknowledgment mechanism. operating as follows:
- the TCP sender assigns a sequence number to each byte of a transmitted data packet. After having received several packets transmitted by the TCP transmitter, the TCP receiver returns to the TCP transmitter an acknowledgment of receipt "ACK" accompanied by the sequence number of the next byte expected and thus confirming the good reception of all the packets preceding this byte .
- the TCP transmitter In addition, if, at the expiration of a predetermined retransmission time (RTO) (Retransmission Time Out), the TCP transmitter has not received an acknowledgment of receipt for a previously transmitted packet, it transmits a new one times to the TCP receiver.
- This RTO retransmission delay is calculated by the TCP transmitter, using an algorithm, according to a "RTT" (Round Trip Time) loop delay corresponding to the duration average between sending a forward packet and receiving a return acknowledgment.
- the TCP transmitter also uses a "sliding transmission window" mechanism authorizing it to transmit several data packets, contained in the window, before receiving an acknowledgment. Due to its size, the transmission window fixes a number of packets that can be transmitted without the need for an acknowledgment of receipt (see Figure 3).
- the TCP transmitter advances its transmission window in order to transmit the following packets and increases the size of the window.
- the send window contains a packet, or even a few packets (generally not more than four), and increases first exponentially to a predefined threshold called "ssthresh" (Slow Start Threshold), then linear to an optimal limit beyond which there is congestion, which results in the loss of data packets.
- ssthresh Slow Start Threshold
- the data packets can be classified as follows: - packets sent and acknowledged 61: n ° ll to 13 - packets sent and unacknowledged 62: n ° 14 to 16 - packets to be sent 63: n ° 17 to 21 - packets not authorized to be sent 64: n ° 22 to 24
- the last acknowledgment received "ACK" 60, of value 14 confirmed the reception of all the data packets preceding packet n ° 14.
- the left edge of window 7 is therefore positioned just before package # 14.
- the TCP sender is only allowed to send the packets contained in the send window (numbered from 14 to 21) without receiving an acknowledgment.
- the next packet that the TCP sender will send is No. 17.
- the TCP sender To be authorized to send the following packets, not contained in window 7 as shown in Figure 3 (i.e. packets # 22 and following), the TCP sender must receive a new acknowledgment ACK of value strictly greater than 14 and drag its window 7 to the right (in the direction of arrow 8), so as to position the left edge of window 7 just before the packet whose number corresponds to the value of the acknowledgment received. For example, if the next acknowledgment of receipt has the value 16, the left edge of window 7 is moved in the direction of arrow 8 so as to be positioned just before packet n ° 16. Furthermore, at the same time as it moves window 7, the transmitter
- TCP increases the size of window 7. For example, if the phase in which it is located allows the TCP sender to increase the size of window 7 of a packet upon receipt of each acknowledgment, the new window 7 then contains nine packages.
- the TCP transmitter shown in Figure 2 is the speed accelerator server
- the transmission module 40 comprises, in known manner, a module 40 for transmitting data packets, a module 41 for receiving acknowledgments of receipt, a module 42 for calculating the retransmission delay RTO and a timer 43 for retransmission delay.
- the transmission module 40 is arranged to transmit data packets using the method of the "sliding transmission window" previously explained (see FIG. 3). It is therefore authorized to send several data packets, contained in the transmission window, before receiving an acknowledgment of receipt.
- the transmission module 40 As for and as the reception of the acknowledgments of reception, signaled by the reception module 41, the transmission module 40, on the one hand, advances the sliding transmission window and, on the other hand, calculates and updates the size of this window.
- TCP the size of the window, initially set to a packet, or even a few packets
- the module 41 for receiving acknowledgments is arranged to receive and process the "ACK" acknowledgments and to transmit to the other modules useful information, provided by acknowledgments, to update emission state variables such as in particular the RTO retransmission delay, the RTT loop delay, the size W of the sliding transmission window and the "ssthresh” threshold.
- the RTO retransmission delay calculation module 42 is arranged to calculate the RTO retransmission delay using an algorithm provided by the TCP protocol, from the loop delay. It is recalled here that the loop delay corresponds to the average time between the sending of a forward data packet and the reception of a return acknowledgment. In operation, the calculation module 42 measures the loop delay
- SRRTj represents the smoothed value of the RTTj sample of the Smoothed Round Trip Time measured at time tj. It then calculates the RTO retransmission delay from the measured and smoothed loop delay, using the algorithm of the TCP protocol. For more information on this subject, the reader is invited to refer in particular to document RFC2988 of ITETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). The RTO retransmission delay thus calculated is supplied to the clock 43.
- the retransmission delay clock 43 connected to the module for calculating the RTO retransmission delay and to the transmission module 40, is arranged to control the retransmission of a data packet if, at the end of the RTO retransmission delay, the TCP sender has not yet received an acknowledgment for this packet.
- the TCP transmitter 4 further comprises a module 44 for evaluating the available bandwidth of the transmission channel 5 and a memory 45.
- the memory 45 connected to the evaluation module 44 and to the transmission module 40, is intended to memorize one or more pairs of values (RTT n , W n max ), each comprising a stable loop delay value and the maximum size of the sliding transmission window observed when the loop delay is stable and equals RTT n .
- the evaluation module 44 is interposed between the module 42 for calculating the retransmission delay and the transmission module 40. During transmission, the evaluation module 44 observes the state of the loop delay measured and smoothed by the calculation module
- the evaluation module 44 stores in memory 45 the pair of values ⁇ RTT n , W n max ⁇ containing the stable value of the loop delay RTT n and the maximum size of the sliding transmission window observed when the loop delay is stable and equals RTT n .
- the evaluation module 44 signals to the transmission module 40 that the transmission data rate is greater than the available bandwidth.
- the evaluation module 44 signals to the transmission module 40 that the transmission data rate is less than the available bandwidth.
- the evaluation module 44 detects a state of stability of the loop delay. Case B If, after a period of stability of the loop delay, the evaluation module 44
- the evaluation module 44 calculates the accumulation of errors by adding all the errors ⁇ j measured from this instant t x and up to instant t ;, and ii) if the evaluation module 44 detects that C,.) S C (S c representing a critical threshold), the loop delay is in a state of progressive increase. The evaluation module 44 then signals to the transmission module 40 that the transmission data rate is greater than the available bandwidth. Case C If, after a stable period of the loop delay, the evaluation module 44
- the evaluation module 44 calculates the accumulation of errors by adding all the errors e, - measured from this instant t y and until instant tj, and ii) if the evaluation module 44 detects that C i ⁇ -S c , the loop delay is in a state of gradual decrease.
- the evaluation module 44 then signals to the transmission module 40 that the transmission data rate is less than the available bandwidth. In other cases than cases A, B and C explained above, the loop delay is in an unidentifiable state which may correspond to a period of instability.
- the server 4 can take various appropriate measures consisting of - reducing or stabilizing the size of the window, in order to avoid congestion, or - to increase the size of the window, in order to increase the data rate through the channel 5 from the server 4 to the client terminal 2.
- maximum W n , max allows a faster increase in window size to an optimal value taking into account the available bandwidth.
- the size W n of the transmission window increases and the evaluation module 44 stores it in memory 45. This allows the server 4 to memorize, for each stable value RTT n of the loop delay, the pair of reference values (RTT n , W n , max ) containing the stable value of the loop delay RTT n and the maximum size of the transmission window observed for this RTT n value of the loop delay.
- the evaluation module 44 thus has the available bandwidth, worth
- SRTT1 560 ms
- FIG. 5A we can observe a momentary increase in the loop delay errors ⁇ j, slightly perceptible, shortly after the time t4 of reduction of the bandwidth.
- FIG. 5B shows perfectly clearly a peak of increase in the cumulation of errors Ci, shortly after the instant t4.
- the evaluation of the available bandwidth is performed in the server 4 in order to optimize the data rate in the downward direction (from the server 4 to the client terminal 2).
- the invention applies not only to satellite networks but also to any other type of network, and more particularly to networks with long loop delay
- GPRS Global System for Mobile communications
- LFN Long Fat Network
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0350358A FR2858144A1 (fr) | 2003-07-21 | 2003-07-21 | Procede pour evaluer la bande passante disponible d'un canal de transmission lors d'une transmission de donnees entre un emetteur et un recepteur a travers ledit canal et dispositif d'emission pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
| PCT/FR2004/001865 WO2005011229A2 (fr) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-15 | Procédé pour évaluer la bande passante disponible d'un canal de transmission lors d'une transmission de données et dispositif d'émission pour la mise en couvre du procédé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1649666A2 true EP1649666A2 (fr) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=33561187
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04767689A Withdrawn EP1649666A2 (fr) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-15 | Procede pour evaluer la bande passante disponible d'un canal de transmission lors d'une transmission de donnees et dispositif d'emission pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1649666A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2858144A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005011229A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101163238B (zh) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-12-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种平滑实现实时转播/直播的流媒体服务方法 |
| CN112068997B (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2023-12-19 | 恒生电子股份有限公司 | 数据备份方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
| CN115250288B (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-07-09 | 国仪量子技术(合肥)股份有限公司 | 数据通信方法、下位机、上位机、数据传输系统和介质 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5193151A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1993-03-09 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Delay-based congestion avoidance in computer networks |
| CA2249152C (fr) * | 1998-09-30 | 2003-07-08 | Northern Telecom Limited | Appareil et methode de gestion de largeur de bande pour connexion par paquets |
-
2003
- 2003-07-21 FR FR0350358A patent/FR2858144A1/fr active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-07-15 WO PCT/FR2004/001865 patent/WO2005011229A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-15 EP EP04767689A patent/EP1649666A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005011229A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005011229A3 (fr) | 2005-05-19 |
| FR2858144A1 (fr) | 2005-01-28 |
| WO2005011229A2 (fr) | 2005-02-03 |
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