EP1629693A1 - Infrared radiating panel - Google Patents

Infrared radiating panel

Info

Publication number
EP1629693A1
EP1629693A1 EP04735432A EP04735432A EP1629693A1 EP 1629693 A1 EP1629693 A1 EP 1629693A1 EP 04735432 A EP04735432 A EP 04735432A EP 04735432 A EP04735432 A EP 04735432A EP 1629693 A1 EP1629693 A1 EP 1629693A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor element
wall
infrared radiating
radiating panel
staples
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04735432A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1629693B1 (en
Inventor
Tommy Brunnstedt
Emil Eriksson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Publication of EP1629693A1 publication Critical patent/EP1629693A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1629693B1 publication Critical patent/EP1629693B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/66—Supports or mountings for heaters on or in the wall or roof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an infrared radiating panel.
  • Infrared radiating panels are previously known and have among others been supplied by Kanthal AB, Sweden.
  • the construction of such panels is in principle such that an electrically resistor wire is arranged on a wall of ceramic fibre material.
  • the resistor wire is connected to a power source such that the wire is heated to a high temperature, for example 1,500 - 1,600 °C.
  • the resistor wire emits infrared radiation at this temperature.
  • the lifetime of the resistor wire is not sufficiently long relative to the desire lifetime.
  • a long lifetime is required in the paper industry, in which it would be possible to use infrared radiating panels in order to dry paper and paper pulp, due to the continuous operation of the manufacturing processes. It is a desire from the paper industry, for example, that the lifetime be 16,000 hours.
  • Known panels, having a known resistor element, marketed by Kanthal AB under the name "Kanthal Super 1800" have a lifetime of 6,000 hours.
  • the resistor element Kanthal Super 1900 is described in the Swedish patent 458 646.
  • the material is a homogenous material with the molecular formula Mo x W ⁇ - x Si 2 .
  • Si0 2 grows on the surface of the heating element at a parabolic rate of growth, which is the same irrespective of the cross-sectional dimension of the heating element, when the element is exposed to oxygen at high temperature.
  • the layer can have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm after a few hundred hours of operation at 1,850 °C.
  • This layer of glass will solidify when the temperature is reduced down towards room temperature and it will subject the basic material of the heating element to tensile forces due to the fact that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the basic material is significantly different from that of the glaze.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glaze is 0.5xl0 ⁇ 5
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion of the basic material is 7-8xl0 -6 .
  • the glaze constitutes a greater fraction of the cross- sectional area of a thin element relative to that of the basic material than is the case for a thick element. This means that the critical thickness of the glaze is reached after a shorter period of operation for a thin element than for a thick element, at the same temperature of operation and with the same operating conditions.
  • an infrared radiating panel comprising a wall of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrically resistor element is arranged, where the resistor element is attached by staples to the wall.
  • the resistor element is arranged at a distance from the surface of the said wall.
  • the complete jacket surface of the elements is allowed to radiate freely in that the resistor element is located at a distance from the wall, which increases the lifetime of the element.
  • the present invention increases further the lifetime of an infrared radiating panel.
  • the present invention relates to an infrared radiating panel comprising a wall of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrical resistor element is arranged and which is arranged to be connected to a power source in order to be heated to a high temperature such that the resistor element emits infrared radiation, where the resistor element is attached to the wall by staples and where the resistor element is arranged at a distance from the surface of the said wall, and it is characterised in that a sheet of glass is arranged parallel to the resistor element and separated from it, in that a space is formed between the sheet of glass and the surface of the wall, and in that a fan arrangement is arranged to force air through the said space from an inlet opening at one edge of the panel to an outlet opening at the opposite edge of the panel.
  • FIG. 1 shows the panel in a section along the line A - A in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 An infrared radiating panel is shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprising a wall 1 of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrical resistor element 2 is arranged.
  • the surface 6 of the wall acts as a reflector.
  • the ceramic fibre material may be of the aluminium silicate type with about 50% A1 2 0 3 .
  • the resistor element is arranged to be connected by conductors 3, 4 to a source of power in order to be heated to a high temperature such that the resistance wire emits infrared radiation.
  • the resistor wire is fixed by staples 5 to the wall 1.
  • the resistor element is arranged at a distance from the surface 6 of the said wall 1.
  • the ceramic wall is surrounded along its side edges at least partially by a frame 17.
  • the frame is open on the side of the panel where the elements 2 are located, but it is equipped with inwardly protruding sections 18, 19, 20, 21 for the support of a sheet of glass 22.
  • a current of air is led, according to the invention, as is indicated by the arrows 23, 24, 25, in the space 26 between the surface 6 of the wall and the said sheet of glass 22.
  • the air is led in the space 26 along a channel, not shown, located to the right of the panel in Figure 1, to which a conventional fan, not shown, is attached.
  • the air exits from the panel to the left in Figure 1.
  • a number of air-holes 29 for input air are located along a line that runs perpendicular to the current of air passing over the element 2.
  • the air-holes 29 are evenly distributed along the width of the panel.
  • the air-holes are located closer to the outlet opening than to the inlet opening for the current of air over the elements. The air flows through the air-holes upwards from the paper in Figure 1.
  • the flowing air 23 is continuously warmed as it flows towards the left in Figure 1.
  • This air is cooled by the additional air that arrives through the air-holes 29, which ensures that the part of the element to the left in Figure 1 is cooled such that the element as a unit acquires a more even temperature.
  • the air-holes are fed by a fan and channels, not shown in the drawings, from the rear 30 of the wall.
  • the airholes may have a diameter of 3 - 8 mm, when the radiative area of the panel is approximately 200 X 150 mm.
  • This air flow cools the element to a certain degree, but it ensures that the element temperature is more even than it is in conventional infrared radiating panels, and thus that a more even emission of heat is achieved. Furthermore, the air flow ensures that condensation from the elements onto the surface of the sheet of glass that faces the element is avoided. Furthermore, the occurrence of what are known as "hot spots" is avoided to a greater degree than previously. Hot spots are points at which the temperature can become higher than the maximum allowed temperature for the element, with element failure as a result.
  • the more even temperature of the element and the avoidance of hot spots ensures that the lifetime of the element increases. This increase can be achieved despite it being possible to increase the temperature of the element compared to known infrared radiating panels.
  • rods 8 - 13 of ceramic material are located separated from each other and between the said surface 6 of the wall 1 and the resistor element 2.
  • the various shanks of the resistor element 2 are fixed to the said wall 1 by means of staples 5 in the form of an "S", which are in contact with the respective shank and which are fixed in a hole in the wall 1, as shown in Figure 2.
  • staples 5 in the form of an "S"
  • S-shaped staples are in contact with only one side of a shank, the area that emits radiation is increased, which ensures, among other effects, that hot spots are avoided, compared with a staple that is bent around the element.
  • the conductors 3, 4 are fixed by means of an attachment 14, 15, 16 to the wall 1. Furthermore, the resistor element is additionally attached by staples 27 at thicker sections 28 of the resistor element 2. The thicker sections are present such that they can support the long, straight sections of the resistor element, such that bending under the effect of its own weight, and lateral deformation, is avoided.
  • resistor element 2 is held in place between the staples 5 and the rods 8 - 13.
  • This design prevents the formation of hot spots.
  • the ceramic rods 8 - 13 consist of a ceramic tube through which a rod of the resistor element passes. This provides security against failure due to the breakage of a ceramic rod.
  • the ceramic rods may, however, be solid rods of a ceramic material .
  • the said staples 5, 27 also consist of a wire of a resistor element material, where tubes of ceramic material are located outside of the wires in at least that region of the staple 5 that is in contact with the resistor element 2. This prevents an electrical short circuit between the shanks of the element.
  • the surface of the ceramic rods and the ceramic surface of the staples are of a material with a high content of Al 2 0 3 .
  • the material preferably consists of about 99% A1 2 0 3 and about 1% Si0 2 . It has namely turned out to be the case that adhesion between the glaze and the supporting ceramic material is much lower when material with a high level of aluminium oxide is used, compared with the adhesion when the level is lower.
  • the resistor element 2 is constituted by a homogenous silicide material containing molybdenum and tungsten, with the molecular formula Mo x ⁇ _ x Si 2 , where x lies between 0.5 and 0.75, and where from 10% to 40% of the total weight is replaced by at least one of the compounds molybdenum boride or tungsten boride, and where the said compounds are present in the form of particles in the silicide material.
  • This material has shown that it can withstand higher temperatures and give rise to a lower quantity of glaze than previous elements.
  • resistor element problems with element breakage due to the adhesion of glaze to the structure are reduced, while the efficiency at the same time increases with the increasing temperature.
  • a panel of one embodiment has been described above. It is, however, clear for one skilled in the art that the present invention can be used in all sorts of infrared radiating panels, irrespective of the design of the panel and irrespective of the folding pattern of the element.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

An infrared radiating panel comprising a wall (1) of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrically resistor element (2) is arranged and which is arranged to be connected to a power source such that it can be heated to a high temperature such that the resistor element emits infrared radiation, where the resistor element is attached to the wall by staples (5, 27) and where the resistor element (2) is attached at a distance from the surface (6) of the said wall (1). The invention is characterised in that a sheet of glass (22) is fixed parallel to the resistor element and separated from it, in that a space (26) is formed between the sheet of glass (22) and the surface (6) of the wall, and in that a fan arrangement is arranged to force air through the said space from an inlet opening at one edge of the panel to an outlet opening at the opposite edge of the panel.

Description

Infrared Radiating Panel.
The present invention relates to an infrared radiating panel.
Infrared radiating panels are previously known and have among others been supplied by Kanthal AB, Sweden.
The construction of such panels is in principle such that an electrically resistor wire is arranged on a wall of ceramic fibre material. The resistor wire is connected to a power source such that the wire is heated to a high temperature, for example 1,500 - 1,600 °C. The resistor wire emits infrared radiation at this temperature.
One major problem is that the lifetime of the resistor wire is not sufficiently long relative to the desire lifetime. For example, a long lifetime is required in the paper industry, in which it would be possible to use infrared radiating panels in order to dry paper and paper pulp, due to the continuous operation of the manufacturing processes. It is a desire from the paper industry, for example, that the lifetime be 16,000 hours. Known panels, having a known resistor element, marketed by Kanthal AB under the name "Kanthal Super 1800" have a lifetime of 6,000 hours.
Electrical resistor elements of molybdenum silicide type have been known for many years. Their principle use is in so called high-temperature applications, by which ovens that operate at temperatures up to about 1,700 °C are primarily denoted.
The resistor element Kanthal Super 1900 is described in the Swedish patent 458 646. The material is a homogenous material with the molecular formula MoxWι-xSi2.
Si02 grows on the surface of the heating element at a parabolic rate of growth, which is the same irrespective of the cross-sectional dimension of the heating element, when the element is exposed to oxygen at high temperature. The layer can have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm after a few hundred hours of operation at 1,850 °C. This layer of glass will solidify when the temperature is reduced down towards room temperature and it will subject the basic material of the heating element to tensile forces due to the fact that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the basic material is significantly different from that of the glaze. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the glaze is 0.5xl0~5, while the coefficient of thermal expansion of the basic material is 7-8xl0-6.
It is obvious that the tensile forces increase with increasing thickness of the glaze layer. Breakage of the basic material arises when the tensile forces exceed the durability of the basic material, something that occurs when the glaze has grown such that it exceeds a certain critical thickness .
The glaze constitutes a greater fraction of the cross- sectional area of a thin element relative to that of the basic material than is the case for a thick element. This means that the critical thickness of the glaze is reached after a shorter period of operation for a thin element than for a thick element, at the same temperature of operation and with the same operating conditions.
It has been believed that the phenomenon described above is the dominating factor for determining the lifetime of an infrared radiating panel.
An infrared radiating panel is described in the Swedish patent 508 779 that has a significantly longer lifetime than known panels when using the same resistor wire.
According to the patent just mentioned, there is presented an infrared radiating panel comprising a wall of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrically resistor element is arranged, where the resistor element is attached by staples to the wall. According to the patent, the resistor element is arranged at a distance from the surface of the said wall. The complete jacket surface of the elements is allowed to radiate freely in that the resistor element is located at a distance from the wall, which increases the lifetime of the element.
The present invention increases further the lifetime of an infrared radiating panel.
Thus, the present invention relates to an infrared radiating panel comprising a wall of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrical resistor element is arranged and which is arranged to be connected to a power source in order to be heated to a high temperature such that the resistor element emits infrared radiation, where the resistor element is attached to the wall by staples and where the resistor element is arranged at a distance from the surface of the said wall, and it is characterised in that a sheet of glass is arranged parallel to the resistor element and separated from it, in that a space is formed between the sheet of glass and the surface of the wall, and in that a fan arrangement is arranged to force air through the said space from an inlet opening at one edge of the panel to an outlet opening at the opposite edge of the panel.
The invention is described in more detail below, partially in association with an embodiment of the invention shown in the attached drawings, where
- Figure 1 shows an infrared radiating panel directly from the front
- Figure 2 shows the panel in a section along the line A - A in Figure 1.
An infrared radiating panel is shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprising a wall 1 of a ceramic fibre material on which an electrical resistor element 2 is arranged. The surface 6 of the wall acts as a reflector. The ceramic fibre material may be of the aluminium silicate type with about 50% A1203. The resistor element is arranged to be connected by conductors 3, 4 to a source of power in order to be heated to a high temperature such that the resistance wire emits infrared radiation. The resistor wire is fixed by staples 5 to the wall 1.
The resistor element is arranged at a distance from the surface 6 of the said wall 1.
The ceramic wall is surrounded along its side edges at least partially by a frame 17. The frame is open on the side of the panel where the elements 2 are located, but it is equipped with inwardly protruding sections 18, 19, 20, 21 for the support of a sheet of glass 22.
A current of air is led, according to the invention, as is indicated by the arrows 23, 24, 25, in the space 26 between the surface 6 of the wall and the said sheet of glass 22. The air is led in the space 26 along a channel, not shown, located to the right of the panel in Figure 1, to which a conventional fan, not shown, is attached. The air exits from the panel to the left in Figure 1.
According to a highly preferred embodiment of the invention, a number of air-holes 29 for input air are located along a line that runs perpendicular to the current of air passing over the element 2. The air-holes 29 are evenly distributed along the width of the panel. Furthermore, the air-holes are located closer to the outlet opening than to the inlet opening for the current of air over the elements. The air flows through the air-holes upwards from the paper in Figure 1.
The flowing air 23 is continuously warmed as it flows towards the left in Figure 1. This air is cooled by the additional air that arrives through the air-holes 29, which ensures that the part of the element to the left in Figure 1 is cooled such that the element as a unit acquires a more even temperature. The air-holes are fed by a fan and channels, not shown in the drawings, from the rear 30 of the wall. The airholes may have a diameter of 3 - 8 mm, when the radiative area of the panel is approximately 200 X 150 mm.
This air flow cools the element to a certain degree, but it ensures that the element temperature is more even than it is in conventional infrared radiating panels, and thus that a more even emission of heat is achieved. Furthermore, the air flow ensures that condensation from the elements onto the surface of the sheet of glass that faces the element is avoided. Furthermore, the occurrence of what are known as "hot spots" is avoided to a greater degree than previously. Hot spots are points at which the temperature can become higher than the maximum allowed temperature for the element, with element failure as a result.
The more even temperature of the element and the avoidance of hot spots ensures that the lifetime of the element increases. This increase can be achieved despite it being possible to increase the temperature of the element compared to known infrared radiating panels.
According to a highly preferred embodiment, rods 8 - 13 of ceramic material are located separated from each other and between the said surface 6 of the wall 1 and the resistor element 2.
The various shanks of the resistor element 2 are fixed to the said wall 1 by means of staples 5 in the form of an "S", which are in contact with the respective shank and which are fixed in a hole in the wall 1, as shown in Figure 2. In that the S-shaped staples are in contact with only one side of a shank, the area that emits radiation is increased, which ensures, among other effects, that hot spots are avoided, compared with a staple that is bent around the element.
The conductors 3, 4 are fixed by means of an attachment 14, 15, 16 to the wall 1. Furthermore, the resistor element is additionally attached by staples 27 at thicker sections 28 of the resistor element 2. The thicker sections are present such that they can support the long, straight sections of the resistor element, such that bending under the effect of its own weight, and lateral deformation, is avoided.
Thus the resistor element 2 is held in place between the staples 5 and the rods 8 - 13.
This design prevents the formation of hot spots.
It is preferred that the ceramic rods 8 - 13 consist of a ceramic tube through which a rod of the resistor element passes. This provides security against failure due to the breakage of a ceramic rod.
The ceramic rods may, however, be solid rods of a ceramic material .
According to a further preferred embodiment, the said staples 5, 27 also consist of a wire of a resistor element material, where tubes of ceramic material are located outside of the wires in at least that region of the staple 5 that is in contact with the resistor element 2. This prevents an electrical short circuit between the shanks of the element.
According to one preferred embodiment, the surface of the ceramic rods and the ceramic surface of the staples are of a material with a high content of Al203. The material preferably consists of about 99% A1203 and about 1% Si02. It has namely turned out to be the case that adhesion between the glaze and the supporting ceramic material is much lower when material with a high level of aluminium oxide is used, compared with the adhesion when the level is lower.
According to one highly preferred embodiment, the resistor element 2 is constituted by a homogenous silicide material containing molybdenum and tungsten, with the molecular formula Mox ι_xSi2, where x lies between 0.5 and 0.75, and where from 10% to 40% of the total weight is replaced by at least one of the compounds molybdenum boride or tungsten boride, and where the said compounds are present in the form of particles in the silicide material.
This material has shown that it can withstand higher temperatures and give rise to a lower quantity of glaze than previous elements. By using the recently mentioned resistor element, problems with element breakage due to the adhesion of glaze to the structure are reduced, while the efficiency at the same time increases with the increasing temperature.
A panel of one embodiment has been described above. It is, however, clear for one skilled in the art that the present invention can be used in all sorts of infrared radiating panels, irrespective of the design of the panel and irrespective of the folding pattern of the element.
Thus, the present invention is not to be considered to be limited to the embodiments described above. The invention can be varied within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

Claims .
1. Infrared radiating panel comprising a wall (1) of a ceramic fibre material to which an electrically resistor element (2) is attached and which is arranged to be connected to a power source such that it can be heated to a high temperature such that the resistor element emits infrared radiation, where the resistor element is attached to the wall by staples (5, 27) and where the resistor element (2) is arranged at a distance from the surface (6) of the said wall (1) , characterised in that a sheet of glass (22) is arranged parallel to the resistor element and separated from it, in that a space (26) is formed between the sheet of glass (22) and the surface (6) of the wall, and in that a fan arrangement is arranged to force air through the said space . from an inlet opening at one edge of the panel to an outlet opening at the opposite edge of the panel.
2. Infrared radiating panel according to claim 1, characterised in that ventilation holes (29) for air supply pass through the wall (1) and open out into the said space (26) .
3. Infrared radiating panel according to claim 2, characterised in that the ventilation holes are placed closer to the outlet opening than to the inlet opening for the said air flow over the element.
4. Infrared radiating panel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the said staples (5, 27) consist of a wire of resistor element material, and in that tubes of ceramic material are located outside of the wire in at least that part of the staple that comes into contact with the resistor element (2) .
5. Infrared radiating panel according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the free ends of the said staples (5) have a curved section that makes contact with only one side of the wire of the resistor element.
6. Infrared radiating panel according to claim 5, characterised in that the said staples (5) have the shape of an "S", whereby the end that faces away from the resistor element is bent such that it in this way can be fixed in a hole in the said wall (1) of ceramic material.
7. Infrared radiating panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the resistor element (2) is constituted by a homogenous silicide material containing molybdenum and tungsten with the molecular formula MoxWι_xSi2, where x lies between 0.5 and 0.75, and where 10% to 40% of the total weight has been replaced by at least one of the compounds molybdenum boride and tungsten boride, and in that the said compounds are present in the silicide material in the form of particles.
EP04735432A 2003-06-04 2004-05-28 Infrared radiating panel Expired - Lifetime EP1629693B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0301621A SE0301621L (en) 2003-06-04 2003-06-04 Infrared beam
PCT/SE2004/000830 WO2004110101A1 (en) 2003-06-04 2004-05-28 Infrared radiating panel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1629693A1 true EP1629693A1 (en) 2006-03-01
EP1629693B1 EP1629693B1 (en) 2009-07-22

Family

ID=20291481

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04735432A Expired - Lifetime EP1629693B1 (en) 2003-06-04 2004-05-28 Infrared radiating panel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1629693B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1799284A (en)
AT (1) ATE437551T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004022160D1 (en)
SE (1) SE0301621L (en)
WO (1) WO2004110101A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3008971B1 (en) * 2013-06-14 2019-05-08 Sandvik KK Molybdenum disilicide-based ceramic heating element holding structure
CN104837223B (en) * 2015-05-14 2018-02-23 安徽省宁国市天成电气有限公司 A kind of plate heater

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240915A (en) * 1962-09-19 1966-03-15 Fostoria Corp Infra-red heater
SE508779C2 (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-11-02 Kanthal Ab Infrared radiating panel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004110101A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1799284A (en) 2006-07-05
ATE437551T1 (en) 2009-08-15
SE0301621L (en) 2004-12-05
WO2004110101A1 (en) 2004-12-16
EP1629693B1 (en) 2009-07-22
SE0301621D0 (en) 2003-06-04
DE602004022160D1 (en) 2009-09-03

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