EP1619698B1 - On load tap changing transformer - Google Patents

On load tap changing transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1619698B1
EP1619698B1 EP05106611A EP05106611A EP1619698B1 EP 1619698 B1 EP1619698 B1 EP 1619698B1 EP 05106611 A EP05106611 A EP 05106611A EP 05106611 A EP05106611 A EP 05106611A EP 1619698 B1 EP1619698 B1 EP 1619698B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
transformer
tap
conduction
output terminal
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EP05106611A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1619698A3 (en
EP1619698A2 (en
Inventor
Jean-Paul Lavieville
Witold Weber
Mohamed Ryadi
Milan Saravolac
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Grid Solutions SAS
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Areva T&D SAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a load transformer tap changer system for regulating the secondary output voltage of the transformer by changing the transformation ratio. Indeed, in many applications, the load to which a transformer is subjected can vary and it is nevertheless necessary to maintain a substantially constant output voltage.
  • the Figure 1 shows an example of a transformer tap changer system (OLTC) known in the art.
  • OLTC transformer tap changer system
  • Transformer tap changer includes a CX charge adjustment switch and selector SE having intermediate jacks 1, 2 and 3 of the transformer secondary TR.
  • the selector sockets set the usable transformation ratios.
  • the CX switch is designed to limit the constraints during load changes.
  • the setting switch CX comprises a rotary switch CR for connecting a utilization output B2 to one of the fixed contacts A to D of the rotary switch.
  • the movable contact of the rotary switch has a contact area sufficient to allow the output B2 to be connected simultaneously to two adjacent fixed contacts of the rotary switch.
  • the rotary switch is in a position connecting the output B2 to the socket 2 of the secondary of the transformer.
  • This one will first connect the B2 output at the same time to the fixed contacts A and B, then will pass on the fixed contact B thus inserting the impedance ZA in the secondary circuit of the transformer without interrupting the circuit.
  • the movable contact connects the output B2 to the fixed contacts B and C.
  • the load taps 1 and 2 are both connected to the output B2 by the impedances ZA and ZB respectively.
  • the movable contact connects the output B2 to the fixed contact C, that is to say the transformer socket 1 by the impedance ZB, then to the two fixed contacts C and D. Finally, it connects the output B2 to the fixed contact D only thus connecting the output B2 to the socket 1.
  • the electrical circuit is never opened during a tap change by providing a transient state where a winding portion of the transformer is short circuited.
  • impedances ZA and ZB are placed in series in the circuit.
  • the Figures 2a and 2b represent a type of load transformer tap changer known in the art and to avoid arcing when switching taps.
  • This changer utilizes solid-state switching circuits utilizing block gate thyristors (GTOs) and mechanical switches to reduce the duration of a tap change in the absence of an electric arc.
  • GTOs block gate thyristors
  • this selector is similar to that previously described but the switch is modified: the resistors and the rotary switch are replaced by switching circuits to semiconductors IN1, IN2, IN3, an auxiliary transformer tra and mechanical switches S1 to S5.
  • the circuit comprising the auxiliary transformer tra and the switching circuit IN2 provide, as described, for example, in the document EP0644562 , the steady state connection of the output terminal B2 to a socket of the secondary transformer TR.
  • the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 are implemented as shown in FIG. figure 2b .
  • Each switching circuit has four diodes and a gate gate thyristor.
  • each contact and each switching circuit of the system of the figure 2a is individualized by a particular diagram.
  • the upper parts of the diagrams represent the closed positions of the contacts
  • the lower parts represent the open positions of the contacts
  • the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 the upper parts represent the conductive states of these circuits and the parts low, non-conductive states.
  • this system has the disadvantage of requiring the detection of the zero crossing of the charging current each time that it is desired to change the state of the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 to switch these circuits to as low current as possible.
  • the switching duration of the switches S1 to S5 is significantly greater than the switching duration of the switching circuits IN1 to IN3.
  • thyristors with locking gates provided in the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 impose a limitation of the variations of the voltage at the terminals of these thyristors and the variations of the current which passes through them during their switching.
  • a resistance-capacitor type NC circuit is provided to control the voltage variations across the thyristor and an inductance in series with the thyristor reduces the rate of change of the current.
  • the size of these RC circuits and inductances is related to the amplitude of the switched current.
  • the trigger current applied to the gate G and necessary to control the blocking of the thyristor is proportional to the switched current.
  • the invention relates to a system for solving these disadvantages.
  • the invention thus relates to a tap changing system of a charging transformer in which the secondary or the primary comprises at least a first and a second tap.
  • This system includes a main connection circuit for permanently or almost permanently connecting the first socket or the second socket to an output terminal of the secondary or primary of the transformer.
  • a first secondary connection circuit connects the first plug temporarily and directly to said secondary or primary output terminal of the transformer.
  • a second secondary connection circuit makes it possible to connect the second socket temporarily and directly to said output terminal.
  • Each of said connection circuits comprises one or more insulated gate bipolar transistors.
  • This central control circuit does not include a device for detecting the zero crossing of the secondary current.
  • the main connection circuit comprises an isolation auxiliary transformer whose primary winding makes it possible to connect a plug of said transformer to said output terminal and whose secondary winding can be short-circuited by the conduction of a switching circuit.
  • the load taps are provided on the secondary winding of the transformer, but the system would be the same if the load taps were provided on the primary winding of the transformer.
  • the transformer TR with its primary winding connected to the mains or to a power supply ALIM and with its secondary winding to the output terminals b1 and b2 which can be connected to a utilization circuit UTIL.
  • the secondary winding has outlets p0, p1, and p2, which will be called load taps, to adapt the transformation ratio of the transformer as a function of the load of the UTIL use circuit.
  • a switching circuit CX makes it possible to connect the output terminal b2 to one of the charging sockets p0 to p2.
  • the three switching circuits I1 to I3 are designed in the same way.
  • the figure 3b represents, by way of example, a switching circuit.
  • This circuit comprises a bridge of four diodes Di1 to Di4.
  • An insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT IGBT (IGBT for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) connects the two branches of the bridge and allows current conduction in both directions so that during an alternation the circuit Di1-IGBT-Di4 is driver and during the next alternation, the Di2-IGBT-Di3 circuit is conductive.
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • This switching circuit may also comprise several bipolar transistors IGBT isolated grids with or without diodes.
  • the IGBT transistor is made conductive by application on its gate, a control pulse + Vdc provided by a central DC control circuit on a wire ci1 to ci3. It then remains conductive as long as the control potential + Vdc is applied to its gate. It is blocked by applying another polarity command pulse -Vdc.
  • the IGBT transistor is provided to enable the switching of currents.
  • the three switching circuits I1 to I3 can be individually controlled by the central control circuit CC by control wires ci1 to ci3.
  • the contacts C1 to C5 belong to unrepresented relays which are also controlled by the central control circuit.
  • This operation is managed by the central control circuit CC ( figure 3a ).
  • the contacts C1 to C5 are controlled in the absence of current. They do not switch current; there can therefore be no risk of creating an electric arc.
  • the figure 5 illustrates this operation by time diagrams.
  • the operation of each contact C1 to C4 and each switching circuit I1 to I3 is individualized by a particular diagram.
  • the upper parts of the diagrams represent the closed positions of the contacts and the lower parts of the diagrams represent the open positions of the contacts.
  • the switching circuits I1 to I3 the high parts represent the conductive states of these circuits and the low parts the non-conductive states.
  • the operation of the system is independent of the value of the current flowing in the secondary of the transformer (no detection of zero crossings of the current in the secondary circuit of the transformer). This operation is therefore simpler than in systems known in the art and in particular that of Figures 2a to 2c .
  • switching circuits I1 to I3 are also simpler because they do not require RC circuits or inductors to limit currents and voltages.
  • IGBT transistors thus avoids the presence of RC circuit and the power necessary for its control is independent of the switched current. Zero switching of the current is no longer an imperative which eliminates the detection circuit and improves the reliability of the system.

Abstract

The system has a main switching circuit (I2) associated with an auxiliary transformer that permits connection of an output terminal (b2) to one of taps (p0-p2) of a secondary winding of the transformer. Two secondary switching circuits (I1, I3) connect the taps (p1, p2) directly to the terminal in a transient manner, respectively. Each of the circuits has an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and is controlled by a central control circuit.

Description

L'invention concerne un système de changeur de prise de transformateur en charge permettant d'assurer la régulation de la tension de sortie du secondaire du transformateur par changement du rapport de transformation. En effet, dans de nombreuses applications, la charge à laquelle est soumise un transformateur peut varier et il convient néanmoins de maintenir une tension de sortie sensiblement constante.The invention relates to a load transformer tap changer system for regulating the secondary output voltage of the transformer by changing the transformation ratio. Indeed, in many applications, the load to which a transformer is subjected can vary and it is nevertheless necessary to maintain a substantially constant output voltage.

Pour cela, il est connu de faire varier le rapport de transformation du transformateur. Ces changements sont généralement effectués à l'aide de prises intermédiaires prévues au secondaire ou au primaire du transformateur et à l'aide de changeurs de prises qui permettent ainsi de modifier les rapports de transformation. Ces changeurs de prises doivent fonctionner en charge pour ne pas interrompre la circulation de courant électrique. Cependant, la commutation de ces changeurs de prises provoque des arcs électriques qui sont à l'origine de la détérioration de l'huile présente pour assurer l'isolement. Une maintenance régulière doit être effectuée pour maintenir les performances d'isolement du fluide.For this, it is known to vary the transformation ratio of the transformer. These changes are usually made using intermediate outlets in the secondary or primary transformer and using tap changers to change the transformation ratios. These tap changers must operate under load so as not to interrupt the flow of electrical current. However, the switching of these tap changers causes arcing that is causing the deterioration of the oil present to ensure isolation. Regular maintenance must be performed to maintain fluid isolation performance.

La Figure 1 montre un exemple de système de changement de prises d'un transformateur (OLTC) connu dans la technique.The Figure 1 shows an example of a transformer tap changer system (OLTC) known in the art.

Le changeur de prise de transformateur comprend un commutateur de réglage en charge CX et un sélecteur SE comportant les prises intermédiaires 1, 2 et 3 du secondaire du transformateur TR.Transformer tap changer includes a CX charge adjustment switch and selector SE having intermediate jacks 1, 2 and 3 of the transformer secondary TR.

Les prises du sélecteur fixent les rapports de transformation utilisables. Le commutateur CX est conçu pour limiter les contraintes pendant les changements de prises de charge.The selector sockets set the usable transformation ratios. The CX switch is designed to limit the constraints during load changes.

Le commutateur de réglage CX comporte un commutateur rotatif CR permettant de connecter une sortie d'utilisation B2 à l'un des contacts fixes A à D du commutateur rotatif. Le contact mobile du commutateur rotatif possède une surface de contact suffisante pour permettre de connecter la sortie B2 simultanément à deux contacts fixes voisins du commutateur rotatif.The setting switch CX comprises a rotary switch CR for connecting a utilization output B2 to one of the fixed contacts A to D of the rotary switch. The movable contact of the rotary switch has a contact area sufficient to allow the output B2 to be connected simultaneously to two adjacent fixed contacts of the rotary switch.

Sur la figure 1, le commutateur rotatif est dans une position connectant la sortie B2 à la prise 2 du secondaire du transformateur. Pour passer de la prise de transformateur 2 à la prise 1, il convient de tourner le commutateur rotatif CR. Celui-ci va tout d'abord connecter la sortie B2 en même temps aux contacts fixes A et B, puis va passer sur le contact fixe B insérant ainsi l'impédance ZA dans le circuit du secondaire du transformateur sans interrompre le circuit. Puis, le contact mobile connecte la sortie B2 aux contacts fixes B et C. Les prises de charge 1 et 2 sont toutes les deux connectées à la sortie B2 par les impédances ZA et ZB respectivement. Ensuite, le contact mobile connecte la sortie B2 au contact fixe C, c'est-à-dire à la prise de transformateur 1 par l'impédance ZB, puis aux deux contacts fixes C et D. Enfin, il connecte la sortie B2 au contact fixe D seulement connectant ainsi la sortie B2 à la prise 1.On the figure 1 , the rotary switch is in a position connecting the output B2 to the socket 2 of the secondary of the transformer. To switch from transformer 2 to socket 1, turn the rotary switch CR. This one will first connect the B2 output at the same time to the fixed contacts A and B, then will pass on the fixed contact B thus inserting the impedance ZA in the secondary circuit of the transformer without interrupting the circuit. Then, the movable contact connects the output B2 to the fixed contacts B and C. The load taps 1 and 2 are both connected to the output B2 by the impedances ZA and ZB respectively. Then, the movable contact connects the output B2 to the fixed contact C, that is to say the transformer socket 1 by the impedance ZB, then to the two fixed contacts C and D. Finally, it connects the output B2 to the fixed contact D only thus connecting the output B2 to the socket 1.

Le changement de prises de charge du transformateur (de la prise 1 vers la prise 2) s'est donc fait sans interruption du circuit du secondaire du transformateur. Tout autre changement de prises verrait apparaître des séquences similaires.The change of the load taps of the transformer (from socket 1 to socket 2) has therefore been done without interruption of the secondary circuit of the transformer. Any other change of catch would show similar sequences.

Le circuit électrique n'est donc jamais ouvert au cours d'un changement de prises en prévoyant un état transitoire où une portion d'enroulement du transformateur est mise en court circuit.The electrical circuit is never opened during a tap change by providing a transient state where a winding portion of the transformer is short circuited.

De plus, pour éviter un courant prohibitif, des impédances ZA et ZB sont placées en série dans le circuit.In addition, to avoid a prohibitive current, impedances ZA and ZB are placed in series in the circuit.

Par contre, lors des passages du contact mobile sur les contacts fixes A à C des arcs électriques peuvent apparaître sur les contacts, ce qui présente un inconvénient comme indiqué précédemment.On the other hand, during the passage of the movable contact on the fixed contacts A to C, electric arcs may appear on the contacts, which has a disadvantage as indicated above.

Les figures 2a et 2b représentent un type de changeur de prise de transformateur en charge connu dans la technique et permettant d'éviter la formation d'arcs électriques lors des commutations de prises. Ce changeur utilise des circuits de commutation à semiconducteurs utilisant des thyristors à grilles de blocage (GTO) et des interrupteurs mécaniques permettant de réduire la durée d'un changement de prise en l'absence d'arc électrique.The Figures 2a and 2b represent a type of load transformer tap changer known in the art and to avoid arcing when switching taps. This changer utilizes solid-state switching circuits utilizing block gate thyristors (GTOs) and mechanical switches to reduce the duration of a tap change in the absence of an electric arc.

Le principe de ce sélecteur est similaire à celui précédemment décrit mais le commutateur est modifié : les résistances et le commutateur rotatif sont remplacés par des circuits de commutation à semiconducteurs IN1, IN2, IN3, un transformateur auxiliaire tra et des interrupteurs mécaniques S1 à S5.The principle of this selector is similar to that previously described but the switch is modified: the resistors and the rotary switch are replaced by switching circuits to semiconductors IN1, IN2, IN3, an auxiliary transformer tra and mechanical switches S1 to S5.

Le circuit comportant le transformateur auxiliaire tra et le circuit de commutation IN2 assurent, comme cela est décrit, par exemple, dans le document EP0644562 , la connexion en régime permanent de la borne de sortie B2 à une prise du secondaire du transformateur TR.The circuit comprising the auxiliary transformer tra and the switching circuit IN2 provide, as described, for example, in the document EP0644562 , the steady state connection of the output terminal B2 to a socket of the secondary transformer TR.

Les circuits de commutation IN1 à IN3 sont réalisés comme cela est représenté en figure 2b. Chaque circuit de commutation comporte quatre diodes et un thyristor à grille de blocage.The switching circuits IN1 to IN3 are implemented as shown in FIG. figure 2b . Each switching circuit has four diodes and a gate gate thyristor.

Sur la figure 2a, si on suppose que le système est tel que les contacts S2 et S4 sont fermés et le circuit de commutation IN2 conducteur, l'alimentation fournie par le transformateur TR se fait par la prise 2. Si on veut modifier le rapport de transformation et commuter le système pour que l'alimentation se fasse par la prise 1, le système de la figure 2a accomplira le processus suivant :

  • fermeture de l'interrupteur S1,
  • détection du passage par zéro du courant de charge et dès que ce courant passe par zéro, ouverture du circuit de commutation IN2 et fermeture du circuit de commutation IN1. Quelques instants plus tard, l'interrupteur S4 est ouvert alors qu'il est traversé par le courant magnétisant du transformateur auxiliaire,
  • détection à nouveau du passage par zéro du courant de charge, fermeture du circuit de commutation IN3 et ouverture du circuit de commutation IN1,
  • fermeture de l'interrupteur S5 alors que le courant n'est plus nul,
  • détection à nouveau du passage par zéro du courant de charge, fermeture du circuit de commutation IN2 et ouverture du circuit de commutation IN3. Le circuit se trouve maintenant connecté à la prise 1 du transformateur.
On the figure 2a if it is assumed that the system is such that the contacts S2 and S4 are closed and the switching circuit IN2 conductive, the power supplied by the transformer TR is via the tap 2. If it is desired to modify the transformation ratio and switch the system so that the power supply is done by taking 1, the system of the figure 2a complete the following process:
  • closing the switch S1,
  • detection of the zero crossing of the charging current and as soon as this current passes through zero, opening of the switching circuit IN2 and closing of the switching circuit IN1. Moments later, the switch S4 is open while it is traversed by the magnetizing current of the auxiliary transformer,
  • detection of the zero crossing of the charging current, closing of the switching circuit IN3 and opening of the switching circuit IN1,
  • closing the switch S5 while the current is no longer zero,
  • detection of the zero crossing of the charging current, closing of the switching circuit IN2 and opening of the switching circuit IN3. The circuit is now connected to socket 1 of the transformer.

Ce fonctionnement est illustré par les diagrammes des temps de la figure 2c. Dans ces diagrammes, le fonctionnement de chaque contact et chaque circuit de commutation du système de la figure 2a est individualisé par un diagramme particulier. Pour les contacts S1 à S5 les parties hautes des diagrammes représentent les positions fermées des contacts, les parties basses représentent les positions ouvertes des contacts, et pour les circuits de commutation IN1 à IN3 les parties hautes représentent les états conducteurs de ces circuits et les parties basses, les états non conducteurs.This operation is illustrated by the diagrams of the times of the Figure 2c . In these diagrams, the operation of each contact and each switching circuit of the system of the figure 2a is individualized by a particular diagram. For the contacts S1 to S5 the upper parts of the diagrams represent the closed positions of the contacts, the lower parts represent the open positions of the contacts, and for the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 the upper parts represent the conductive states of these circuits and the parts low, non-conductive states.

Sur la partie inférieure de la figure 2c, on a représenté le courant qui circule dans l'enroulement secondaire du transformateur TR. Cela est nécessaire parce que la commutation des circuits de commutation IN1 à IN3 doit se faire en l'absence de circulation de courant ou éventuellement à courant très faible voire négligeable.On the lower part of the Figure 2c the current flowing in the secondary winding of the transformer TR is shown. This is necessary because the switching of the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 must be done in the absence of current flow or possibly very low or negligible current.

On voit donc que ce système présente l'inconvénient de nécessiter la détection du passage par zéro du courant de charge à chaque fois que l'on veut changer l'état des circuits de commutation IN1 à IN3 pour que la commutation de ces circuits se fasse à courant aussi faible que possible.It can therefore be seen that this system has the disadvantage of requiring the detection of the zero crossing of the charging current each time that it is desired to change the state of the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 to switch these circuits to as low current as possible.

Il est à noter que la durée de commutation des interrupteurs S1 à S5 est nettement supérieure à la durée de commutation des circuits de commutation IN1 à IN3.It should be noted that the switching duration of the switches S1 to S5 is significantly greater than the switching duration of the switching circuits IN1 to IN3.

De plus, les thyristors à grilles de blocage prévus dans les circuits de commutation IN1 à IN3 imposent une limitation des variations de la tension aux bornes de ces thyristors et des variations du courant qui les traverse lors de leurs commutations. Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 2b, il est alors prévu un circuit CN de type résistance-condensateur pour contrôler les variations de tensions aux bornes du thyristor et une inductance en série avec le thyristor réduit la vitesse d'évolution du courant. La taille de ces circuits RC et des inductances est liée à l'amplitude du courant commuté.In addition, thyristors with locking gates provided in the switching circuits IN1 to IN3 impose a limitation of the variations of the voltage at the terminals of these thyristors and the variations of the current which passes through them during their switching. As shown on the figure 2b then a resistance-capacitor type NC circuit is provided to control the voltage variations across the thyristor and an inductance in series with the thyristor reduces the rate of change of the current. The size of these RC circuits and inductances is related to the amplitude of the switched current.

D'autre part, le courant de gâchette appliqué à la grille G et nécessaire au contrôle du blocage du thyristor est proportionnel au courant commuté.On the other hand, the trigger current applied to the gate G and necessary to control the blocking of the thyristor is proportional to the switched current.

Le système des figures 2a et 2b présente donc l'inconvénient de nécessiter des circuits associés aux thyristors pour limiter la tension et le courant de ces composants.The system of Figures 2a and 2b therefore has the disadvantage of requiring circuits associated with the thyristors to limit the voltage and current of these components.

De plus, comme on l'a décrit précédemment, il doit être prévu un circuit de détection de passage par zéro du courant de charge. L'inconvénient de cette solution est également la fiabilité de l'équipement liée au besoin d'un circuit de détection du passage par zéro du courant de charge.In addition, as previously described, there must be a zero crossing detection circuit of the charging current. The disadvantage of this solution is also the reliability of the equipment related to the need for a circuit for detecting the zero crossing of the charging current.

De plus, l'utilisation d'un tel principe de commande pour une application triphasé conduit à un déséquilibre transitoire lors des changements. En effet, le courant n'est pas nul simultanément dans les trois phases. La commutation des composants de chacune des phases n'est donc pas simultanée et un circuit de détection par phase doit être utilisé.In addition, the use of such a control principle for a three-phase application leads to a transient imbalance during the changes. Indeed, the current is not zero simultaneously in the three phases. The switching of the components of each of the phases is therefore not simultaneous and a detection circuit per phase must be used.

L'invention concerne un système permettant de résoudre ces inconvénients.The invention relates to a system for solving these disadvantages.

L'invention concerne donc un système de changement de prise d'un transformateur en charge dans lequel le secondaire ou le primaire comporte au moins une première et une deuxième prises. Ce système comporte un circuit de connexion principal permettant de connecter de façon permanente ou quasi permanente la première prise ou la deuxième prise à une borne de sortie du secondaire ou du primaire du transformateur. Un premier circuit de connexion secondaire permet de connecter la première prise temporairement et directement à ladite borne de sortie du secondaire ou du primaire du transformateur. Un deuxième circuit de connexion secondaire permet de connecter la deuxième prise temporairement et directement à ladite borne de sortie. Chacun desdits circuits de connexion comporte un ou plusieurs transistors bipolaires à grille isolée.The invention thus relates to a tap changing system of a charging transformer in which the secondary or the primary comprises at least a first and a second tap. This system includes a main connection circuit for permanently or almost permanently connecting the first socket or the second socket to an output terminal of the secondary or primary of the transformer. A first secondary connection circuit connects the first plug temporarily and directly to said secondary or primary output terminal of the transformer. A second secondary connection circuit makes it possible to connect the second socket temporarily and directly to said output terminal. Each of said connection circuits comprises one or more insulated gate bipolar transistors.

De plus, il est prévu un circuit de commande central commandant le fonctionnement desdits circuits de connexion. Ce circuit de commande central ne comporte pas de dispositif de détection de passage par zéro du courant de secondaire.In addition, there is provided a central control circuit controlling the operation of said connection circuits. This central control circuit does not include a device for detecting the zero crossing of the secondary current.

Par ailleurs, on prévoit que le circuit de connexion principal comporte un transformateur auxiliaire d'isolement dont l'enroulement primaire permet de connecter une prise dudit transformateur à ladite borne de sortie et dont l'enroulement secondaire peut être mis en court circuit par la conduction d'un circuit de commutation.Furthermore, it is expected that the main connection circuit comprises an isolation auxiliary transformer whose primary winding makes it possible to connect a plug of said transformer to said output terminal and whose secondary winding can be short-circuited by the conduction of a switching circuit.

La première prise étant connectée à la borne de sortie par le premier circuit de commutation, le circuit de commande central comporte un séquentiel permettant, de préférence, le fonctionnement des différentes étapes suivantes indépendamment de la valeur du courant de charge du transformateur :

  • conduction du premier circuit de connexion secondaire pour réaliser une connexion temporaire en parallèle de la première prise à la borne de sortie,
  • conduction du deuxième circuit de connexion secondaire pour réaliser une connexion temporaire de la deuxième prise à la borne de sortie,
  • connexion du circuit de connexion principal à la deuxième prise,
  • non conduction du premier circuit de connexion secondaire,
  • conduction du circuit de connexion principal,
  • non conduction du deuxième circuit de connexion secondaire.
The first plug being connected to the output terminal by the first switching circuit, the central control circuit includes a sequential, preferably allowing the operation of the following different steps independently of the value of the load current of the transformer:
  • conduction of the first secondary connection circuit to make a temporary connection in parallel of the first tap to the output terminal,
  • conduction of the second secondary connection circuit to make a temporary connection of the second socket to the output terminal,
  • connection of the main connection circuit to the second socket,
  • non-conduction of the first secondary connection circuit,
  • conduction of the main connection circuit,
  • non-conduction of the second secondary connection circuit.

Les différents objets et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description qui va suivre et dans les figures annexées qui représentent :

  • les figures 1 à 2c, des changeurs de charge pour transformateurs connus dans la technique,
  • les figures 3a et 3b, un exemple de réalisation d'un changeur de prise de transformateur en charge conforme à l'invention,
  • les figures 4a à 4j, différents états des circuits de la figure 3a au cours d'un changement de prise d'un transformateur en charge,
  • la figure 5, des diagrammes des temps illustrant les différents états du système de l'invention illustrés par les figures 4a à 4j.
The different objects and features of the invention will appear more clearly in the description which follows and in the appended figures which represent:
  • the Figures 1 to 2c transformers for transformers known in the art,
  • the figures 3a and 3b an embodiment of a load transformer tap changer according to the invention,
  • the Figures 4a to 4j , different states of the circuits of the figure 3a during a tap change of a transformer in charge,
  • the figure 5 , time diagrams illustrating the different states of the system of the invention illustrated by the Figures 4a to 4j .

En se reportant aux figures 3a et 3b, on va donc décrire un exemple de changeur de prise de transformateur en charge selon l'invention.Referring to figures 3a and 3b An example of a load tap changer according to the invention will therefore be described.

Selon cet exemple de réalisation, les prises de charge sont prévues sur l'enroulement secondaire du transformateur, mais le système serait le même si les prises de charge étaient prévues sur l'enroulement primaire du transformateur.According to this embodiment, the load taps are provided on the secondary winding of the transformer, but the system would be the same if the load taps were provided on the primary winding of the transformer.

On trouve sur la figure 3a le transformateur TR avec son enroulement primaire connecté au réseau ou à une alimentation électrique ALIM et avec son enroulement secondaire aux bornes de sortie b1 et b2 duquel peut être connecté un circuit d'utilisation UTIL. L'enroulement secondaire possède des prises p0, p1, et p2, qu'on appellera prises de charge, permettant d'adapter le rapport de transformation du transformateur en fonction de la charge du circuit d'utilisation UTIL. Un circuit de commutation CX permet de connecter la borne de sortie b2 à l'une des prises de charges p0 à p2.We find on the figure 3a the transformer TR with its primary winding connected to the mains or to a power supply ALIM and with its secondary winding to the output terminals b1 and b2 which can be connected to a utilization circuit UTIL. The secondary winding has outlets p0, p1, and p2, which will be called load taps, to adapt the transformation ratio of the transformer as a function of the load of the UTIL use circuit. A switching circuit CX makes it possible to connect the output terminal b2 to one of the charging sockets p0 to p2.

Ce circuit de commutation comporte principalement :

  • un circuit de commutation principal I2 associé à un transformateur auxiliaire tra qui permet en fonctionnement normal, la connexion de la borne de sortie à une prise de transformateur p0 à p2 du secondaire du transformateur et qui permet donc, en fonctionnement normal, l'alimentation du circuit d'utilisation par le courant fourni par le secondaire du transformateur.
  • deux circuits de commutation secondaires I1 et I3 permettant le changement de prises de charge sans interrompre le circuit du secondaire du transformateur. Notamment, le circuit de commutation I1 permettra de connecter de façon transitoire la prise p1 directement à la borne de sortie b2, et le circuit de commutation I3 permettra de connecter de façon transitoire la prise p2 à la borne de sortie b2.
This switching circuit mainly comprises:
  • a main switching circuit I2 associated with an auxiliary transformer tra which, in normal operation, enables the connection of the output terminal to a transformer socket p0 to p2 of the secondary of the transformer and which therefore allows, in normal operation, the power supply of the circuit of use by the current supplied by the secondary of the transformer.
  • two secondary switching circuits I1 and I3 allowing the change of load taps without interrupting the secondary circuit of the transformer. In particular, the switching circuit I1 will make it possible to connect transiently the socket p1 directly to the output terminal b2, and the switching circuit I3 will make it possible to connect transiently the socket p2 to the output terminal b2.

Les trois circuits de commutation I1 à I3 sont conçus de la même façon. La figure 3b représente, à titre d'exemple, un circuit de commutation. Ce circuit comporte un pont de quatre diodes Di1 à Di4. Un transistor bipolaire à grille isolée IGBT (IGBT pour "Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor") relie les deux branches du pont et permet la conduction du courant dans les deux sens de telle façon que lors d'une alternance le circuit Di1-IGBT-Di4 est conducteur et lors de l'alternance suivante, le circuit Di2-IGBT-Di3 est conducteur.The three switching circuits I1 to I3 are designed in the same way. The figure 3b represents, by way of example, a switching circuit. This circuit comprises a bridge of four diodes Di1 to Di4. An insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT (IGBT for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) connects the two branches of the bridge and allows current conduction in both directions so that during an alternation the circuit Di1-IGBT-Di4 is driver and during the next alternation, the Di2-IGBT-Di3 circuit is conductive.

Ce circuit de commutation peut aussi comporter plusieurs transistors bipolaires à grilles isolées IGBT avec ou sans diodes.This switching circuit may also comprise several bipolar transistors IGBT isolated grids with or without diodes.

Le transistor IGBT est rendu conducteur par application sur sa grille, d'une impulsion de commande +Vdc fournie par un circuit central de commande CC sur un fil ci1 à ci3. Il reste ensuite conducteur tant que le potentiel de commande +Vdc est appliqué à sa grille. Il est bloqué par application d'une autre impulsion de commande de polarité -Vdc.The IGBT transistor is made conductive by application on its gate, a control pulse + Vdc provided by a central DC control circuit on a wire ci1 to ci3. It then remains conductive as long as the control potential + Vdc is applied to its gate. It is blocked by applying another polarity command pulse -Vdc.

Le transistor IGBT est prévu pour permettre la commutation de courants.The IGBT transistor is provided to enable the switching of currents.

Sur la figure 3a on voit que les trois circuits de commutation I1 à I3 sont commandables individuellement par le circuit central de commande CC par des fils de commande ci1 à ci3.On the figure 3a it can be seen that the three switching circuits I1 to I3 can be individually controlled by the central control circuit CC by control wires ci1 to ci3.

Les contacts C1 à C5 appartiennent à des relais non représentés qui sont également commandés par le circuit central de commande.The contacts C1 to C5 belong to unrepresented relays which are also controlled by the central control circuit.

En se reportant aux figures 4a à 4j, on va décrire le fonctionnement des circuits de la figure 3a.Referring to Figures 4a to 4j , we will describe the operation of the circuits of the figure 3a .

On suppose que la borne de sortie b2 est connectée à la prise p1 du secondaire du transformateur. Le système est dans la situation représentée par la figure 4a avec :

  • les contacts C2 et C4 fermés,
  • le circuit de commutation I2 conducteur,
  • un courant circule dans les parties de circuits indiquées par des doubles flèches.
It is assumed that the output terminal b2 is connected to the socket p1 of the secondary of the transformer. The system is in the situation represented by the figure 4a with:
  • C2 and C4 contacts closed,
  • the switching circuit I2 conductor,
  • a current flows in the circuit parts indicated by double arrows.

Par suite d'une modification de la charge du circuit d'utilisation, on désire changer le rapport de transformation du transformateur TR. Pour cela, on désire, par exemple, effectuer une connexion de la borne de sortie b2 à la prise p2 (au lieu de p1). Le circuit de commande central CC va donc commander les différentes étapes suivantes :

  • étape 1 (figure 4b) : le contact C1 est fermé pour préparer la connexion à la prise de transformateur p2. Le courant circule par les mêmes circuits que précédemment comme cela est indiqué sur la figure 4b ;
  • étape 2 (figure 4c) : dès que le contact C1 est fermé, on commute le circuit I1 pour le rendre conducteur ;
  • étape 3 (figure 4d) : quasiment simultanément avec l'étape 2 ou après l'étape 2, on commute le circuit I2 pour le rendre non conducteur ;
  • étape 4 (figure 4e) : ensuite, on ouvre le contact C4 ce qui prépare l'interruption de la connexion vers la prise de transformateur p1 ;
  • étape 5 (figure 4f) : après l'ouverture du contact C4, on commute le circuit I3 de façon à le rendre conducteur et préparer la connexion à la prise de transformateur p2 ;
  • étape 6 (figure 4g) : le circuit I1 est alors commuté pour le rendre non conducteur ce qui interrompt la connexion à la prise de transformateur p1 ;
  • étape 7 (figure 4h) : à peu près dans le même temps que l'étape 6 ou après cette étape, on ferme le contact C5 pour préparer la connexion permanente à la prise de transformateur p2 ;
  • étape 8 (figure 4i) : ensuite, on commute le circuit I2 pour établir la connexion à la prise p2 par le transformateur auxiliaire tra ;
  • étape 9 (figure 4j) : enfin, on commute le circuit I3 pour interrompre sa conduction. Le circuit I3 a donc été rendu conducteur uniquement le temps nécessaire à la non conduction du circuit I1 et à la conduction du circuit I2. La prise de transformateur p2 est maintenant connectée à la borne de sortie b2 par les contacts C1 et C5 et le transformateur tra ;
  • étape 10 : ouverture du contact C2 (figure 4j).
As a result of a modification of the load of the circuit of use, one wishes to change the ratio of transformation of the transformer TR. For this purpose, it is desired, for example, to make a connection from the output terminal b2 to the socket p2 (instead of p1). The central control circuit CC will thus control the following different steps:
  • Step 1 ( figure 4b ): the contact C1 is closed to prepare the connection to the transformer socket p2. The current flows through the same circuits as before as indicated on the figure 4b ;
  • 2nd step ( figure 4c ): as soon as the contact C1 is closed, the circuit I1 is switched to make it conductive;
  • step 3 ( figure 4d ): almost simultaneously with step 2 or after step 2, circuit I2 is switched to make it non-conductive;
  • step 4 ( figure 4e ): then, it opens the contact C4 which prepares the interruption of the connection to the transformer socket p1;
  • Step 5 ( figure 4f ): after the opening of the contact C4, the circuit I3 is switched so as to make it conductive and prepare the connection to the transformer socket p2;
  • step 6 ( figure 4g ): the circuit I1 is then switched to make it non-conductive which interrupts the connection to the transformer socket p1;
  • step 7 ( figure 4h ): approximately at the same time as step 6 or after this step, the contact C5 is closed to prepare the permanent connection to the transformer plug p2;
  • step 8 ( figure 4i ): then, the circuit I2 is switched to establish the connection to the socket p2 by the auxiliary transformer tra;
  • step 9 ( figure 4j Finally, the circuit I3 is switched to interrupt its conduction. The circuit I3 has thus been made conductive only the time required for the non-conduction of the circuit I1 and the conduction of the circuit I2. The transformer plug p2 is now connected to the output terminal b2 by the contacts C1 and C5 and the transformer tra;
  • step 10: opening contact C2 ( figure 4j ).

Ce fonctionnement est géré par le circuit de commande central CC (figure 3a).This operation is managed by the central control circuit CC ( figure 3a ).

Dans ce fonctionnement, les contacts C1 à C5 sont commandés en l'absence de courant. Ils ne commutent donc pas de courant ; il ne peut donc pas y avoir de risque de création d'arc électrique.In this operation, the contacts C1 to C5 are controlled in the absence of current. They do not switch current; there can therefore be no risk of creating an electric arc.

La figure 5 illustre ce fonctionnement par des diagrammes de temps. Dans ces diagrammes, le fonctionnement de chaque contact C1 à C4 et de chaque circuit de commutation I1 à I3 est individualisé par un diagramme particulier. Pour les contacts C1 à C5 les parties hautes des diagrammes représentent les positions fermées des contacts et les parties basses des diagrammes représentent les positions ouvertes des contacts. En ce qui concerne les circuits de commutation I1 à I3, les parties hautes représentent les états conducteurs de ces circuits et les parties basses, les états non conducteurs.The figure 5 illustrates this operation by time diagrams. In these diagrams, the operation of each contact C1 to C4 and each switching circuit I1 to I3 is individualized by a particular diagram. For contacts C1 to C5 the upper parts of the diagrams represent the closed positions of the contacts and the lower parts of the diagrams represent the open positions of the contacts. With regard to the switching circuits I1 to I3, the high parts represent the conductive states of these circuits and the low parts the non-conductive states.

Comme on peut le voir sur ces diagrammes, le fonctionnement du système est indépendant de la valeur du courant qui circule dans le secondaire du transformateur (absence de détection de passages par zéro du courant dans le circuit secondaire du transformateur). Ce fonctionnement est donc plus simple que dans les systèmes connus dans la technique et notamment celui des figures 2a à 2c. De plus, les circuits de commutation I1 à I3 sont également plus simples car ils ne nécessitent pas de circuits RC ni d'inductances pour limiter les courants et les tensions.As can be seen in these diagrams, the operation of the system is independent of the value of the current flowing in the secondary of the transformer (no detection of zero crossings of the current in the secondary circuit of the transformer). This operation is therefore simpler than in systems known in the art and in particular that of Figures 2a to 2c . In addition, switching circuits I1 to I3 are also simpler because they do not require RC circuits or inductors to limit currents and voltages.

L'utilisation de transistors IGBT évite donc la présence de circuit RC et la puissance nécessaire à son contrôle est indépendante du courant commuté. La commutation au passage par zéro du courant n'est plus un impératif ce qui supprime le circuit de détection et améliore la fiabilité du système.The use of IGBT transistors thus avoids the presence of RC circuit and the power necessary for its control is independent of the switched current. Zero switching of the current is no longer an imperative which eliminates the detection circuit and improves the reliability of the system.

Dans une application triphasée, la commutation des trois phases est effectuée simultanément puisque cette commutation est indépendante des valeurs des courants sur les trois phases, et le déséquilibre transitoire est supprimé.In a three-phase application, the switching of the three phases is carried out simultaneously since this switching is independent of the values of the currents on the three phases, and the transient unbalance is eliminated.

Claims (4)

  1. On-load transformer tap changing system wherein the secondary or primary of the transformer comprises at least one first and one second taps (p1, p2), said system comprising a main connection circuit (tra-I2) used to connect, in steady state condition, the first tap (p1) or the second tap (p2) to an output terminal (b2) of the transformer secondary or primary, a first secondary connection circuit (I1) used to connect said first tap (p1) temporarily and directly to said output terminal (b2) of the transformer secondary or primary, a second secondary connection circuit (13) used to connect said second tap (p2) temporarily and directly to said output terminal (b2), characterised in that each of said connection circuits (T1, tra-I2, 13) comprises one or more insulated gate bipolar transistors.
  2. On-load transformer tap changing system according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a central control circuit (CC) controlling the operation of said connection circuits, said central control circuit not comprising a secondary current zero transition detection device.
  3. On-load transformer tap changing system according to claim 1, characterised in that the main connection circuit comprises an auxiliary insulation transformer wherein the primary winding is used to connect a transformer tap (p1, p2) to said output terminal (b2) and wherein the secondary winding may be short-circuited by the conduction of a switching circuit (I2).
  4. On-load transformer tap changing system according to claim 1, characterised in that, the first tap (p1) being connected to said output terminal (b2) via the first switching current, the central control circuit (CC) comprises a sequential enabling the operation of the following steps independently from the transformer load current value:
    - conduction of the first secondary connection circuit (I1) to make a temporary parallel connection of the first tap (p1) to the output voltage (b2),
    - conduction of the second secondary connection circuit (12) to make a temporary connection of the second tap (p2) to the output terminal (b2),
    - connection of the main connection circuit (tra-I2) to the second tap (p2),
    - non-conduction of the first secondary connection circuit (I1),
    - conduction of the main connection circuit (tra-I2),
    - non-conduction of the second secondary connection circuit (I3).
EP05106611A 2004-07-20 2005-07-19 On load tap changing transformer Active EP1619698B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0451585A FR2873489B1 (en) 2004-07-20 2004-07-20 TRANSFORMER SHIFT SYSTEM IN CHARGE

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EP1619698A2 EP1619698A2 (en) 2006-01-25
EP1619698A3 EP1619698A3 (en) 2006-03-01
EP1619698B1 true EP1619698B1 (en) 2008-09-03

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AT (1) ATE407438T1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2873489B1 (en)

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EP1619698A3 (en) 2006-03-01
DE602005009442D1 (en) 2008-10-16
ATE407438T1 (en) 2008-09-15
US7355369B2 (en) 2008-04-08
FR2873489A1 (en) 2006-01-27
US20060039171A1 (en) 2006-02-23
EP1619698A2 (en) 2006-01-25
FR2873489B1 (en) 2006-10-06

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