EP1606324A1 - Verfahren zur abtrennung von übergangsmetallen aus polymeren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur abtrennung von übergangsmetallen aus polymerenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1606324A1 EP1606324A1 EP04705002A EP04705002A EP1606324A1 EP 1606324 A1 EP1606324 A1 EP 1606324A1 EP 04705002 A EP04705002 A EP 04705002A EP 04705002 A EP04705002 A EP 04705002A EP 1606324 A1 EP1606324 A1 EP 1606324A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- meth
- acrylate
- treatment
- polymer
- solid polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/02—Neutralisation of the polymerisation mass, e.g. killing the catalyst also removal of catalyst residues
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for the separation of transition metals from polymers.
- low molecular weight organic constituents can be separated from mixtures by extraction processes, contacting solid polymers with extractants.
- WO 02/28916 describes the separation of oligomers from ethylene-acrylate copolymers. In the synthesis of these low molecular weight organic by-products and can lead to odor and taste impairment especially in food packaging.
- transition metals from polymers For the separation of transition metals from polymers, other methods are known. For example, in the synthesis of polyphenylene oxide, a copper catalyst was used, which is removed after the polymerization by an aqueous liquid-liquid extraction of the solution (see Ulimann's Excyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition 1992, Vol. 26a, 606 ff. ). A disadvantage of this method, however, is that many polar polymers act as suspension stabilizer and prevent the two liquid phases can not be separated. For example, these processes can not be used to purify polymethyl methacrylates.
- ATRP process atom transfer radical polymerization
- Transition metals are used, for example copper, to polymerize vinyl compounds controlled.
- transition metals which must be separated from the polymerization after the polymerization process.
- various ways have been proposed. On a laboratory scale, the separation of the catalyst, for example copper, usually by adsorption on alumina and subsequent precipitation of the polymer with polar precipitants, such as methanol. Such a method is industrially disadvantageous for several reasons.
- the polymer is not in a uniform form after precipitation, for example, as granules, which is why the separation of precipitants and the work-up is difficult. Furthermore fall in the precipitation of large amounts of the precipitating agent mixed with the solvents and other components to be separated as residual monomer, which must be laboriously separated from each other.
- the separation of the solid catalyst is carried out by the liquid polymer-containing solution.
- the catalyst itself is insoluble, for example by oxidation or it is bound before or after the polymerization of a solid adsorbent or to a swollen but insoluble resin.
- the liquid polymer-containing phase is separated from the insoluble material by filtration or centrifugation.
- an adsorbent in particular activated carbon or aluminum oxide
- WO 01/84424 describes a process in which the initiator is bound to a solid support. After polymerization, the polymer chains produced attach to these solid supports and are cleaved off after separation of the catalyst solution.
- the main disadvantages are the many uneconomical process steps that are added to the actual polymerization. In addition, this process does not come without filtration and precipitation, which are associated with the aforementioned disadvantages. In view of the state of the art, it is an object of the present invention to provide methods for
- Another object was to provide a method by means of which granules can be purified inexpensively.
- polymers having a predefined structure and a specific structure can be prepared, which have a particularly low content of transition metal compounds.
- the process of the present invention can be carried out by means of plants and devices known from the prior art.
- the process of the present invention is suitable in principle for a large number of different polymers, so that a subsequent purification is possible without special precautions being taken during the polymerization.
- Characteristic of the present process is the use of solid polymers which are treated with an extraction medium.
- the term solid indicates that the polymer essentially retains its shape if it is moved, ie does not melt if it is placed on a smooth surface. Accordingly, the polymer may also comprise solvent residues, swollen or present as a gel.
- the process of the present invention serves to separate transition metals from a polymer or a mixture of polymers.
- polymers made by, for example, ATRP methods comprise about 300-500 ppm of transition metals.
- the transition metal content can be determined by AAS.
- the present process is also suitable for the purification of polymers which have a lower content of transition metals.
- the polymers to be purified have at least 30 ppm transition metals, preferably at least 50 ppm and more preferably at least 100 ppm transition metals.
- the transition metal content of the polymer is preferably reduced by at least 30% by weight, in particular by at least 50% by weight and more preferably by at least 70% by weight.
- the purified polymer comprises not more than 50 ppm, in particular not more than 30 ppm and more preferably not more than 15 ppm transition metal.
- the solid polymer is treated with an extractant.
- the extractant should dissolve the transition metal as well as possible without causing the polymer to dissolve.
- the solubility of the transition metal is in the most soluble oxidation state used in the polymerization process is taken, at least 0.01 g of transition metal in 1000 g of extractant, preferably 0.1 g / kg and particularly preferably 0.2 g / kg.
- the extractant should be as polar as possible, the maximum polarity of the solvent depending on the polymer to be treated.
- the more non-polar the polymer the more nonpolar the extractant may be without the polymer going into solution.
- the solubility of the polymer in the extractant is at most 5 g of polymer per 1000 g of extractant, in particular at most 2 g / kg and more preferably at most 1 g / kg.
- ketones nitro compounds, nitriles and alcohols and water.
- the more polar compounds in particular alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, and water are preferred.
- composition used for the extraction may contain ligands, in particular chelate ligands which have nitrogen atoms.
- ligands are known per se and described, for example, in WO 97/18247, WO 98/40415. These compounds generally have one or more nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and / or sulfur atoms through which the metal atom can be attached. Many of these ligands can be represented in general by the formula R 16 -Z- (R 18 -Z) m -R 17 , in which R 16 and R 17 are each independently H, C 1 to C 20 alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, which may be may be substituted. These substituents include alkoxy and the alkylamino radicals. R 16 and R 17 may optionally form a saturated, unsaturated or heterocyclic ring.
- Z is O, S, NH, NR 19 or PR 19 , wherein R 19 has the same meaning as R 16 .
- R 18 independently represents a divalent group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be linear, branched or cyclic, such as a methylene, ethylene, propylene or butylene group. The importance of alkyl and aryl has been previously stated.
- Heterocyclyl radicals are cyclic radicals having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in which one or more of the CH 2 groups of the ring are replaced by heteroatom groups, such as O, S, NH, and / or NR, wherein the radical R has the same meaning as R 16 .
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently H, Ci to C 2 o alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and / or heteroaryl, wherein the radicals R 1 and R 2 or R 3 and R 4 or R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may together form a saturated or unsaturated ring.
- Preferred ligands here are chelate ligands containing N atoms.
- the preferred ligands include, but are not limited to, triphenylphosphine, 2,2-bipyridine, alkyl 2,2-bipyridine such as 4,4-di (5-nonyl) -2,2-bipyridine, 4,4-di (5 -heptyl) -2,2-bipyridine, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine (TREN), N, N, N ', N', N "-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethlyentetramine, tetramethylethylenediamine, 1, 10-phenanthroline, 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5 , 6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and / or 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline
- TREN (2-aminoethyl) amine
- the amount of ligand may, depending on the proportion of transition metal, be within wide ranges.
- the ratio of ligand to extractant is preferably in the range from 1: 10,000 to 1: 1, in particular 1: 1000 to 1:10, particularly preferably 1: 500 to 1: 100.
- the composition of the composition used for the extraction may be varied during the treatment.
- the concentration of ligands, in particular of chelate ligands can be changed.
- the concentration of the chelate ligands at the end of the treatment may be lower than in a previous stage of the extraction.
- the metal content can be surprisingly reduced in a very short time without an increased concentration of ligands would remain in the polymer. Therefore, in a last step, extraction is particularly preferably carried out with a composition which contains no ligands.
- a compound which swells the polymer may be added to the extractant to improve the extraction in small amounts.
- these include in particular ketones or esters.
- the duration of the treatment depends on the type of extractant and the surface volume ratio of the used solid polymers.
- the solid polymer is treated for five minutes to ten days, more preferably one hour to four days, preferably one hour to two days.
- the temperature at which the treatment takes place can vary widely.
- the lower temperature limit results from the melting point of the extractant.
- the upper limit results from the decomposition temperature of the polymer or the extractant and from the usually increasing solubility of the polymer in the extractant. In general, this temperature is in the range of 0 - 200 ° C, preferably 10 - 120 ° C and particularly preferably 20 - 80 ° C.
- the form in which the solid polymer is treated with the extractant is of minor importance for the success of the process according to the invention.
- the temperature and the treatment time even larger solid bodies can be freed from transition metal residues by the process according to the invention. It is essential, however, that the extractant penetrates into the polymer.
- the solid polymer is employed in a mold having a relatively high surface to volume ratio. Accordingly, the polymer may be used, for example, as a solid film which is partially cut in small size to increase the accessibility of the extractant or be used in the form of granules.
- the solid polymer preferably has a surface to volume ratio of at least 30 m -1 , in particular 50 m -1 and particularly preferably at least 100 m -1 .
- the extractant is usually used in excess relative to the solid polymer. Viewed over the entire purification process, the weight ratio of extractant to solid polymer is at least 2: 1, preferably at least 5: 1 and more preferably at least 10: 1.
- the extraction can be carried out in steps or continuously, wherein in each case the extractant can be exchanged or freed from transition metals.
- extractant can be purified by distillation.
- the extraction according to the invention can be improved by known methods.
- the efficiency of the extraction can be improved by ultrasound.
- the mixture may be stirred or shaken during the extraction to accelerate the transition of the transition metals from the solid polymer phase to the extractant.
- polymers obtained by the ATRP process are purified. Accordingly, there is a process for the preparation of polymers, wherein polymers are obtained with a relatively low transition metal.
- ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized by means of initiators having a transferable atomic group and one or more catalysts comprising at least one transition metal in the presence of ligands capable of forming a coordination compound with the one or more metallic catalysts.
- ATRP polymerizable monomers are well known. In general, these correspond to the formula:
- These monomers include, among others
- Vinyl esters such as vinylformal, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate,
- Benzoic acid such as vinyl p-tert-butylbenzoate
- Side chain such. B. ⁇ -methylstyrene and ⁇ -ethylstyrene, substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent on the ring, such as vinyltoluene and p-methylstyrene, halogenated styrenes, such as monochlorostyrenes, dichlorostyrenes,
- Heterocyclic vinyl compounds such as 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 2-
- Maleic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride, methylmaleic anhydride, maleimide, methylmaleimide; Monomers having N-functional groups, in particular (meth) acrylamide, allyl carbamate, acrylonitrile, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolallyl carbamate and the N-methylol esters, alkyl ethers or Mannich bases of N-methylol (meth) acrylamide or N-methylolallyl carbamate , Acrylamidoglycolic acid, methyl acrylamidomethoxyacetate, N- (2,2-dimethoxy-1-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-cyclohexyl (meth ) acrylamide, N-dodecyl (meth) acrylamide, N-benzyl
- Tridecyl (meth) acrylate 5-methyltridecyl (meth) acrylate,
- Tetradecyl (meth) acrylate pentadecyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate,
- acrylonitrile Methacryloylamidoacetonitrile, N- (methoxymethyl) (meth) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) (meth) acrylamide, N- (dimethylaminoethyl) (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl-N-phenyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N- Diethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-acetyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide; Aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as tris (2- (meth) acryloxyethyl) amine, N-methylformamidoethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-diethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-dipropylaminobutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-
- Glycol di (meth) acrylates such as 1,4-butanediol (meth) acrylate,
- Methacrylates of ether alcohols such as
- Methacrylates of halogenated alcohols such as
- Oxiranyl (meth) acrylates such as
- Phosphorus, boron and / or silicon-containing methacrylates such as
- the monomers set forth above may be used singly or as a mixture.
- (meth) acrylates are preferred.
- polymers are purified from transition metals obtainable by polymerization of compositions comprising at least 40% by weight, in particular at least 60% by weight of (meth) acrylates, of which (meth) acrylates having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, for example methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate, are particularly preferred.
- the monomers set forth above are polymerized by means of initiators having a transferable atomic group.
- these initiators can be described by the formula Y- (X) m , where Y represents the core molecule which is believed to form radicals, X represents a transferable atom or atomic group, and m is an integer in the range of 1 to 10, depending on the functionality of the group Y. If m> 1, the different transferable atomic groups X may have different meanings. If the functionality of the initiator is> 2, thus star-shaped polymers are obtained.
- Preferred transferable atoms or groups of atoms are halogens, such as CI, Br and / or J.
- group Y is believed to form radicals that serve as the starting molecule, which radical attaches to the ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Therefore, the group Y preferably has substituents capable of stabilizing radicals. These substituents include, inter alia, -CN, -COR and -CO 2 R, wherein each R represents an alkyl or aryl radical, aryl and / or heteroaryl groups.
- Alkyl radicals are saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, pentenyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, 2-methylheptenyl, 3-methylheptyl, octyl, nonyl, 3-ethylnonyl, decyl, undecyl, 4-propenylundecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, cetyleicosyl, docosyl and / or eicosyltetratriacontyl.
- Aryl radicals are cyclic, aromatic radicals having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aromatic ring. These radicals may be substituted. Substituents are, for example, linear and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl or hexyl; Cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; aromatic groups, such as phenyl or naphthyl; Amino groups, ether groups, ester groups and halides.
- the aromatic radicals include, for example, phenyl, xylyl, toluyl, naphthyl or biphenyl.
- heteroaryl denotes a heteroaromatic ring system wherein at least one CH group is replaced by N or two adjacent CH groups with S, O or NH, such as a residue of thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, pyridine, pyrimidine and benzo [a] furan, which may also have the aforementioned substituents.
- An initiator useful in ATRP processes can be any compound having one or more atoms or atomic groups which is radically transferable under the polymerization conditions of the ATRP process.
- Suitable initiators include those of the formulas:
- R 10 is an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each
- Hydrogen atom may be replaced independently by a halide, preferably fluride or chloride, alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms preferably
- Particularly preferred initiators include benzyl halides such as p-chloromethylstyrene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dichloroxylene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibromoxylol and hexakis ( ⁇ -bromomethyl) benzene, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, 1-bromo-1-phenylethane and 1-chloro -1-phenylethane;
- Carboxylic acid derivatives which are halogenated at the ⁇ -position such as propyl 2-bromopropionate, diethyl meso-2,5-dibromadipate, 1, 2-bis (bromopropionyloxy) ethane, 2,6-Dibromheptanklaredimethylester, methyl 2-chloropropionate, ethyl 2-chloropropionate, methyl 2-bromopropionate, ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate; Tosyl halides, such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride; Alkyl halides such as carbon tetrachloride, tribromomethane, 1-vinylethyl chloride, 1-vinylethyl bromide; and halogen derivatives of phosphoric acid esters, such as dimethylphosphoric acid chloride.
- halogenated at the ⁇ -position such as propyl 2-bromopropionate,
- the initiator is generally in a concentration in the range of 10 " 4 mol / L to 3 mol / L, preferably in the range of 10 " 3 mol / L to 10 "1 mol / L and particularly preferably in the range of 5 * 10 " used 2 mol / L to 5 * 10 "1 mol / L, without this constituting a restriction. from the ratio of initiator to monomer to give the molecular weight of the polymer if the monomer is converted. This ratio is preferably in the range of 10 "4 to 1 to 0.5 to 1, more preferably in the range of 1 * 10 " 3 to 1 to 5 * 10 "2 to 1.
- catalysts which comprise at least one transition metal.
- any transition metal compound can be used with the initiator, or the polymer chain, which has a transferable atomic group, can form a redox cycle. In these cycles, the transferable atomic group and the catalyst reversibly form a compound, whereby the oxidation state of the transition metal is increased or decreased. It is believed that this radical released or captured, so that the radical concentration remains very low.
- the addition of the transition metal compound to the transferable atomic group allows or facilitates the insertion of ethylenically unsaturated monomers into the bond YX or Y (M) Z -X, where Y and X have the abovementioned meaning and M denotes the monomers, while z represents the degree of polymerization.
- Preferred transition metals here are Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, Ne, Sm, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ag, Zn, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ir, In, Yd, and / or Ru, which are used in suitable oxidation states become. These metals can be used individually or as a mixture. It is believed that these metals catalyze the redox cycles of the polymerization, for example, the redox couple Cu + / Cu 2+ or Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ is effective.
- the metal compounds as halides such as chloride or bromide, as alkoxide, hydroxide, oxide, sulfate, phosphate, or hexafluorophosphate, trifluoro (meth) ansulfate are added to the reaction mixture.
- Preferred metallic compounds include Cu 2 O, CuBr, CuCl, CuI, CuN 3 , CuSCN, CuCN, CuNO 2 , CuNO 3 , CuBF 4 , Cu (CH 3 COO) Cu (CF 3 GOO), FeBr 2 , RuBr 2 , CrCl 2 and NiBr 2 .
- the transition metals can be used as metal in the oxidation state zero, in particular in admixture with the aforementioned compounds for catalysis, as shown for example in WO 98/40415. In these cases, the reaction rate of the reaction can be increased. It is believed that this increases the concentration of catalytically active transition metal compound by decomposing transition metals in a high oxidation state with metallic transition metal.
- the molar ratio of transition metal to initiator is generally in the range of 0.0001: 1 to 10: 1, preferably in the range of 0.001: 1 to 5: 1 and more preferably in the range of 0.01: 1 to 2: 1, without that this should be a limitation.
- the polymerization according to ATRP takes place in the presence of ligands which can form a coordination compound with the metal catalyst (s).
- these ligands serve to increase the solubility of the transition metal compound.
- Another important function of the ligands is that the formation of stable organometallic compounds is avoided. This is especially important because these stable compounds would not polymerize under the chosen reaction conditions.
- the ligands facilitate the abstraction of the transferable atomic group.
- ligands can form coordination compounds in situ with the metal compounds, or they can first be prepared as coordination compounds and then added to the reaction mixture.
- the ratio of ligand to transition metal is dependent on the denticity of the ligand and the coordination number of the transition metal.
- the molar ratio is in the range 100: 1 to 0.1: 1, preferably 6: 1 to 0.1: 1 and more preferably 3: 1 to 0.5: 1, without this being a restriction.
- the monomers, the transition metal catalysts, the ligands and the initiators are selected. It is believed that a high rate constant of the reaction between the transition metal-ligand complex and the transferable atomic group is essential for a narrow molecular weight distribution. If the rate constant of this reaction is too low, the concentration of radicals becomes too high, so that the typical termination reactions occur, which are responsible for a broad molecular weight distribution.
- the exchange rate depends, for example, on the transferable atomic group, the transition metal, the ligands and the anion of the transition metal compound. Valuable information on the selection of these components will be found by the person skilled in the art, for example, in WO 98/40415.
- the polymerization can be carried out with or without solvent.
- the term of the solvent is to be understood here broadly. These include in particular hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and cyclohexane.
- solvents are used which have a high polarity for the polymerization.
- such solvents have a dielectric constant of at least 6, preferably at least 8 and more preferably at least 11, measured at 25 ° C on.
- carbonyl compounds in particular ketones, which have 3 to 21 carbon atoms as the solvent.
- ketones which have 3 to 21 carbon atoms as the solvent.
- These include u.a. acyclic aliphatic ketones such as acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone; cyclic aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone or 4-methylcyclohexanone; aromatic ketones, for example, acetophenone, 2-methylacetophenone, 3-methylacetophenone.
- aromatic solvents include nitro compounds having 1-10 carbon atoms. These include u.a. Nitromethane, nitroethane, nitropropane, nitrobenzene, and dinitrobenzene.
- nitriles can be used, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and
- alcohols can be used, these include in particular cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, propanol and hexanol.
- the proportion of organic compounds having a dielectric constant of at least 10 is preferably 10-100% by volume, based on the total proportion of solvents.
- the proportion of the monomers in the reaction mixture used for the polymerization is generally from 10 to 100 wt .-% based on the total reaction mixture, it is preferably from 20 to 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 40 to 60 wt .-% based on the entire reaction mixture.
- Particularly preferred polymers that can be purified according to the present process are soluble in the aforementioned carbonyl compounds.
- the solid obtained is extruded in an extruder to form a granulate. Preference is given to adding to the polymer solution compounds which lower the melting temperature of the polymer. Substances which are suitable as such softeners generally have a molecular weight of between 50 and 20,000.
- suitable are citric acid alkyl esters, alkyl phthalates, sebacic acid alkyl esters, adipic acid alkyl esters or the various ethylene and / or propylene glycols and derivatives thereof.
- suitable plasticizers are tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, Diethyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, e.g.
- polyethylene glycols 200 to 20,000 g / mol (M n ) diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol or polypropylene glycols, for.
- the amounts of plasticizer used are such that the granulated solid contains between 1 and 35, preferably 2 to 20 and more preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% of the plasticizer.
- the processing temperature can be significantly reduced, so that a thermal decomposition of the ligands can be avoided.
- this reduces the extrusion temperature to 140 ° C., preferably 120 ° C.
- the extrusion produces a granulate which generally has a diameter of at most 2 cm, preferably at most 1 cm.
- MMA monomeric methyl methacrylate
- MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
- DEMDBA diethyl meso-2,5-dibromadipate
- the heterogeneous mixture was polymerized at 90 ° C for 6 hours.
- the resulting viscous PMMA mixture (solids content about 43.2%) was used as a base mixture for cleaning experiments.
- Example 2 The mixture obtained in Example 1 was poured into a film about 0.5 mm thick and dried. The film was cut into about 1 cm 2 pieces.
- Example 1 was substantially repeated except that 500,000 g of methyl isobutyl ketone was used as the solvent. A solution was obtained which was polymerized as described in Example 1.
- the original granules before extraction contained about 740 / g / g copper. After 5 extraction steps, which were carried out at 60 ° C for 2 hours each, the granules contained 23 / g / g copper.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10312278 | 2003-03-19 | ||
| DE10312278A DE10312278A1 (de) | 2003-03-19 | 2003-03-19 | Verfahren zur Abrennung von Übergangsmetallen aus Polymeren |
| PCT/EP2004/000593 WO2004083261A1 (de) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-01-24 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von übergangsmetallen aus polymeren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1606324A1 true EP1606324A1 (de) | 2005-12-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04705002A Withdrawn EP1606324A1 (de) | 2003-03-19 | 2004-01-24 | Verfahren zur abtrennung von übergangsmetallen aus polymeren |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7348398B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1606324A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10312278A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004083261A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FI120438B (fi) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-10-30 | Outotec Oyj | Menetelmä metallipulverin muodostamiseksi |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3220996A (en) | 1961-11-21 | 1965-11-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | Removal of metal contaminants from polymeric materials |
| US3423384A (en) * | 1967-03-31 | 1969-01-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for the preparation of substantially ash-free polymers |
| JPS5330759A (en) | 1976-09-02 | 1978-03-23 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Solow starter circuit |
| CN1053675C (zh) | 1997-09-03 | 2000-06-21 | 北京燕山石油化工公司研究院 | 原子转移自由基聚合所制备的聚合物中催化剂的除去方法 |
| ITPA980006A1 (it) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-08-26 | Giuseppe Fuca | Disco anti-puntura per l'incapsulamento dell'ago della siringa. |
| WO2000056795A1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Carnegie Mellon University | Catalytic processes for the controlled polymerization of free radically (co)polymerizable monomers and functional polymeric systems prepared thereby |
| US6542050B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2003-04-01 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Transmitter-receiver |
| WO2001062803A2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Mcmaster University | Supported catalysts for use in atom transfer radical polymerization and continuous processes for atom transfer radical polymerization |
| JP4977286B2 (ja) | 2000-03-07 | 2012-07-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | 重合体の製造方法 |
| WO2001084424A2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-08 | Delphion, Inc | Method, computer program product, and system for determining assignees related by common cited references with a source patent portfolio |
| WO2002028916A2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-11 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Solvent extraction of low molecular weight components from solid polymers |
| US6790919B2 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2004-09-14 | Carnegie Mellon University | Catalyst system for controlled polymerization |
-
2003
- 2003-03-19 DE DE10312278A patent/DE10312278A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-01-24 US US10/544,805 patent/US7348398B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-24 EP EP04705002A patent/EP1606324A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-01-24 WO PCT/EP2004/000593 patent/WO2004083261A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004083261A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004083261A1 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
| US7348398B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 |
| US20060142545A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| DE10312278A1 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
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