EP1597473A1 - Fuel-injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel-injection - Google Patents

Fuel-injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel-injection

Info

Publication number
EP1597473A1
EP1597473A1 EP03769230A EP03769230A EP1597473A1 EP 1597473 A1 EP1597473 A1 EP 1597473A1 EP 03769230 A EP03769230 A EP 03769230A EP 03769230 A EP03769230 A EP 03769230A EP 1597473 A1 EP1597473 A1 EP 1597473A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve element
section
injection device
fuel injection
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03769230A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1597473B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1597473A1 publication Critical patent/EP1597473A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1597473B1 publication Critical patent/EP1597473B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies

Definitions

  • Fuel injector especially for
  • the invention relates to a fuel injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel injection, with a housing, with an outer valve element arranged in this housing, which has a recess in which an inner
  • Valve element is arranged at least in certain areas, which has at least one sealing section which cooperates with a valve seat and an actuating section which is connected to the same and which have different diameters.
  • Such a fuel injection device is known from DE 30 36 583 AI. This shows an injection valve with two valve elements arranged coaxially to one another. An elongated and comparatively thin
  • the actuating section of the inner valve element carries a comparatively thick sealing section at its end.
  • the recess in the outer valve element, in which the inner valve element is arranged, has an overall constant diameter.
  • the outer diameter of the inner valve element and the inner diameter of the recess in the outer valve element are stepped and matched to one another.
  • Actuating sections of the valve elements can be optimally adapted to the desired functions. This is particularly advantageous in view of the extremely small overall dimensions (diameter of a valve element of at most a few millimeters, sometimes significantly less).
  • the Sealing section of the inner valve element has a smaller diameter than the actuating section.
  • the outer valve element can have a relatively large sealing section, so that a pressure surface there is also comparatively large, which simplifies the hydraulic actuation of the outer valve element, especially at low pressures.
  • the actuating section of the inner valve element has a diameter which is nevertheless sufficiently large that it has high rigidity.
  • the sealing section of the inner valve element can also have a larger diameter than the actuating section of the inner valve element. This has advantages if relatively large amounts of fuel are to be injected from the inner valve element, which necessitates fuel outlet channels with correspondingly large diameters. Their arrangement is facilitated if, as in the present case, the sealing section of the inner valve element and, in the
  • the associated valve seat have a comparatively large diameter. Because of the comparatively thin actuating section of the inner valve element, the actuating section of the outer valve element can have a comparatively high wall thickness, so that in this case the outer valve element has a high rigidity overall.
  • Sealing section of the inner valve element is guided at least in regions.
  • the term "below” is not to be understood here absolutely, but rather relative to the fuel injection device. This results in a particularly good centering of the inner valve element achieved, which leads to optimal and reproducible flow conditions with an injection of fuel.
  • Valve element has an upper guide area, in which the actuating section of the inner valve element is guided at least in some areas (the term "above” is not to be understood here absolutely, but relative to the fuel injection device). This also benefits the centering of the inner valve element in the outer valve element and the lowering of the actuation pressures and thus ultimately the quality of the fuel injection.
  • Actuation section of the inner valve element existing paragraph a pressure surface. This allows a uniform distribution of the hydraulic forces acting on the inner valve element.
  • recesses extending in the longitudinal direction be provided in the lateral surface of the region of the inner valve element guided by the upper guide region and / or in the lateral surface of the upper guide region of the outer valve element. This will apply pressure to the pressure surface through the gap between the inner valve element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a fuel system with a plurality of fuel
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial section through a region of a first exemplary embodiment of one of the fuel injection devices from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2 of a second exemplary embodiment of one of the fuel injection devices from FIG. 1.
  • a fuel system bears the overall reference number 10 in FIG. 1. It is used in an internal combustion engine 12, which is not shown in detail in FIG. 1.
  • the fuel system 10 comprises a fuel tank 14, from which an electric fuel pump 16 den
  • a high pressure fuel pump 18 This compresses the fuel to a very high pressure and conveys it into a fuel collecting line ("rail") 20.
  • a plurality of fuel injection devices 24 are connected to the latter via high pressure lines 22, which inject the fuel directly into combustion chambers 26 assigned to them.
  • the fuel injectors 24 are reconnected to the fuel tank 14 via a low pressure return line 28.
  • a region of one of the fuel injection devices 24 facing the combustion chamber 26 is shown in detail in FIG. 2:
  • the fuel injector 24 includes a housing 30 in which a stepped blind hole 32 is provided. This is connected to the high-pressure line 22 via a channel 34.
  • the lower area of the stepped blind bore 32 in FIG. 2 tapers conically. It is delimited by a conical valve seat surface 36.
  • Valve seat surface 36 opens out over the circumference of housing 30, arranged radially outer fuel outlet channels 38 and radially inner fuel outlet channels 40, which each penetrate the housing wall.
  • valve elements Arranged in the stepped blind bore 32 of the housing 30 are two valve elements which are coaxial to one another, namely an outer valve element 42 and an inner valve element 44.
  • the outer valve element 42 is guided in a guide region 46 by the housing 30 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • An annular space 48 present in FIG. 2 below the guide area 46 between the outer valve element 42 and the wall of the stepped blind bore 32 is connected to the high-pressure line 22 via the high-pressure channel 34.
  • the annular space 48 Immediately below the guide area 46, the annular space 48 has a bulge 50, at the level of which there is a pressure surface 52 acting on the outer valve element 42 in the opening direction of the outer valve element 42.
  • the two conical surfaces 54 and 56 with the sealing edge 58 are present on a sealing section 60 of the outer valve element 42, whereas the pressure surface 52 is present on an actuating section 62 of the outer valve element 42.
  • the inner valve element 44 is received in a stepped bore 64 of the outer valve element 42.
  • the stepped bore 64 has a section 66 with a smaller and a section 68 with a larger diameter.
  • the inner valve element 44 has in the section 68 of the stepped bore 64 a sealing section 70 which has a larger diameter than an actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 which is arranged in the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 of the outer valve element 42.
  • the sealing section 70 of the inner valve element 44 comprises a cylinder section 76 which is guided in the section 68 of the stepped bore 64 in a fluid-tight manner. Section 68 is therefore also referred to as the “lower guide area”.
  • the sealing section 70 comprises two areas of different conicity. These are delimited by an outer conical surface 78 or an inner conical surface 80, between which a sealing edge 82 is present.
  • the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 has two areas 84 and 86 with different ones
  • the area 84 directly adjoining the sealing section 70 has a somewhat smaller diameter than the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42.
  • the outer diameter of the area 86 of the actuating section 72 corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42.
  • This area of the stepped bore 62 therefore forms an upper guide area 88 in which the actuated section 72 of the inner valve element 44 is guided. Grooves 90 extending in the axial direction are introduced into the area 86 of the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44.
  • the fuel injection device 24 shown in FIG. 2 can be operated in a stroke or pressure controlled manner or in a combination of both control principles. It is conceivable, for example, that the outer valve element 42 operates under pressure control, that an opening movement of the outer valve element 42 is thus brought about by an increase in pressure in the annular space 48. This increases the hydraulic force acting on the pressure surface 52 and on the outer cone surface 54, which ultimately leads to a lifting of the sealing edge 58 from the valve seat surface 36 against a constant closing force.
  • the inner valve element 44 can be stroke-controlled. This means that its sealing edge 82 only lifts off from the valve seat surface 36 due to a constant opening force if the hydraulic force acting on the annular pressure surface 74 in the closing direction is at least is lowered briefly. This is possible due to the annular space present between the area 84 of the actuating section 72 and the inner wall of the stepped bore 64 and through the grooves 90 which penetrate the area 86 of the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44. However, it is also conceivable that the inner valve element 44 is pressure-controlled, so that a corresponding briefly increased hydraulic force must act on the outer cone surface 78 for an opening movement of the inner valve element 44. In this case, the annular space between the area 84 serves
  • the inner fuel outlet channels 40 have a comparatively large diameter. This requires a comparatively large diameter in the region of the valve seat or, in other words, a large diameter of the sealing section 70 in the region of the sealing edge 82.
  • the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42 can nevertheless achieve high rigidity of the outer valve element 42.
  • FIG. 1 An alternative fuel injection device 24 is shown in FIG. Elements and regions which have functions equivalent to elements and regions of the fuel injection device 24 shown in FIG. 2 have the same reference numbers. They are not explained in detail again.
  • the sealing section 70 of the inner valve element 44 has a smaller diameter than its actuating section 72.
  • the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42 also has a larger diameter than the section 68.
  • the diameter of the inner fuel Outlet channels 40 significantly smaller than in the previous embodiment.
  • Valve element 42 can be larger overall, so that the inner conical surface 56 can also be larger. This ensures that the outer valve element 42 is securely opened even at low pressures in the annular space 48. At the same time, high pressures are required in order to generate the hydraulic force acting in the opening direction on the comparatively small outer cone surface 78 of the inner valve element 44, which ultimately leads to the sealing edge 82 being lifted off the valve seat surface 36.
  • the high forces can be comparatively thick
  • Actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 can be well received, so this has sufficient rigidity.
  • the grooves 90 and the gap between the area 84 of the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 and the inner wall of the stepped bore 64 can nevertheless relieve the pressure surface 74 sufficiently.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel injection device having a housing and an outer valve element contained in the housing and having a recess containing an inner valve element that has at least one sealing section cooperating with a valve seat and an actuation section connected to sealing section. The sealing section and the actuation section have different diameters. The recess disposed in the outer valve element and containing the inner valve element has sections with different diameters, which are at least approximately matched to the diameters of the sections of the inner valve element.

Description

Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung, insbesondere fürFuel injector, especially for
Brennkraftmaschinen mit Kraftstoff-DirekteinspritzunqInternal combustion engines with direct fuel injection
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtung, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen mit Kraftstoff-Direkteinspritzung, mit einem Gehäuse, mit einem in diesem Gehäuse angeordneten äußeren Ventilelement, welches eine Ausnehmung aufweist, in der ein inneresThe invention relates to a fuel injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel injection, with a housing, with an outer valve element arranged in this housing, which has a recess in which an inner
Ventilelement wenigstens bereichsweise angeordnet ist, welches mindestens einen mit einem Ventilsitz zusammenarbeitenden Dichtabschnitt und einen mit diesem verbundenen Betätigungsabschnitt aufweist, welche unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen.Valve element is arranged at least in certain areas, which has at least one sealing section which cooperates with a valve seat and an actuating section which is connected to the same and which have different diameters.
Eine derartige Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung ist aus der DE 30 36 583 AI bekannt. Diese zeigt ein Einspritzventil mit zwei koaxial zueinander angeordneten Ventilelementen. Ein länglicher und vergleichsweise dünnerSuch a fuel injection device is known from DE 30 36 583 AI. This shows an injection valve with two valve elements arranged coaxially to one another. An elongated and comparatively thin
Betätigungsabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements trägt an seinem Ende einen vergleichsweise dicken Dichtabschnitt. Die Ausnehmung im äußeren Ventilelement, in welcher das innere Ventilelement angeordnet ist, hat insgesamt einen gleichbleibenden Durchmesser. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, dass sie noch individueller an die spezifischen Anforderungen der jeweiligenThe actuating section of the inner valve element carries a comparatively thick sealing section at its end. The recess in the outer valve element, in which the inner valve element is arranged, has an overall constant diameter. The object of the present invention is to develop a fuel injection device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it is even more individual to the specific requirements of the respective
Brennkraftmaschine, bei der sie zum Einsatz kommt, angepasst ist.Internal combustion engine in which it is used is adapted.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass die Ausnehmung im äußeren Ventilelement, in welcher das innere Ventilelement angeordnet ist, Abschnitte mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern aufweist, welche an die Durchmesser der Abschnitte des inneren Ventilelements wenigstens in etwa angepasst sind.This object is achieved in a fuel injection device of the type mentioned at the outset in that the recess in the outer valve element in which the inner valve element is arranged has sections with different diameters which are at least approximately matched to the diameter of the sections of the inner valve element ,
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung sind einerseits der Außendurchmesser des inneren Ventilelements und der Innendurchmesser der Ausnehmung im äußeren Ventilelement gestuft und aufeinander abgestimmt. Hierdurch können die Wandstärken beziehungsweise Querschnittsflächen der Dichtabschnitte und derIn the fuel injection device according to the invention, the outer diameter of the inner valve element and the inner diameter of the recess in the outer valve element are stepped and matched to one another. As a result, the wall thicknesses or cross-sectional areas of the sealing sections and the
Betätigungsabschnitte der Ventilelemente optimal an die gewünschten Funktionen angepasst werden. Dies ist vor allem in Anbetracht der äußerst kleinen Gesamtabmessungen (Durchmesser eines Ventilelements von höchstens ein paar Millimetern, bisweilen auch deutlich weniger) vorteilhaft.Actuating sections of the valve elements can be optimally adapted to the desired functions. This is particularly advantageous in view of the extremely small overall dimensions (diameter of a valve element of at most a few millimeters, sometimes significantly less).
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
in einer ersten Weiterbildung wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Dichtabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements einen kleineren Durchmesser aufweist als dessen Betätigungsabschnitt. Somit kann das äußere Ventilelement einen relativ großen Dichtabschnitt aufweisen, so dass eine dort vorhandene Druckfläche ebenfalls vergleichsweise groß ist, was die hydraulische Betätigung des äußeren Ventilelements vor allem bei kleinen Drücken vereinfacht. Gleichzeitig weist der Betätigungsabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements einen dennoch so ausreichend großen Durchmesser auf, dass er eine hohe Steifigkeit besitzt.In a first further training it is proposed that the Sealing section of the inner valve element has a smaller diameter than the actuating section. Thus, the outer valve element can have a relatively large sealing section, so that a pressure surface there is also comparatively large, which simplifies the hydraulic actuation of the outer valve element, especially at low pressures. At the same time, the actuating section of the inner valve element has a diameter which is nevertheless sufficiently large that it has high rigidity.
Alternativ kann der Dichtabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements aber auch einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen als der Betätigungsabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements. Dies hat dann Vorteile, wenn vom inneren Ventilelement relativ große Kraftstoffmengen eingespritzt werden sollen, was Kraftstoff-Austrittskanäle mitentsprechend großen Durchmessern erforderlich macht. Deren Anordnung wird erleichtert, wenn, wie vorliegend, der Dichtabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements und, in derAlternatively, the sealing section of the inner valve element can also have a larger diameter than the actuating section of the inner valve element. This has advantages if relatively large amounts of fuel are to be injected from the inner valve element, which necessitates fuel outlet channels with correspondingly large diameters. Their arrangement is facilitated if, as in the present case, the sealing section of the inner valve element and, in the
Folge, auch der zugehörige Ventilsitz einen vergleichsweise großen Durchmesser haben. Aufgrund des vergleichsweise dünnen Betätigungsabschnitts des inneren Ventilelements kann der Betätigungsabschnitt des äußeren Ventilelements eine vergleichsweise hohe Wandstärke haben, so dass in diesem Falle das äußere Ventilelement insgesamt eine hohe Steifigkeit aufweist.Consequence, the associated valve seat have a comparatively large diameter. Because of the comparatively thin actuating section of the inner valve element, the actuating section of the outer valve element can have a comparatively high wall thickness, so that in this case the outer valve element has a high rigidity overall.
Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das äußere Ventilelement einen unteren Führungsbereich aufweist, in dem derIt is also advantageous if the outer valve element has a lower guide area in which the
Dichtabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements wenigstens bereichsweise geführt ist. Der Begriff "unten" ist hier nicht absolut, sondern relativ zur Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtung zu verstehen. Hierdurch wird eine besonders gute Zentrierung des inneren Ventilelements erreicht, was zu optimalen und reproduzierbaren Strömungsverhältnissen bei einer Einspritzung von Kraftstoff führt.Sealing section of the inner valve element is guided at least in regions. The term "below" is not to be understood here absolutely, but rather relative to the fuel injection device. This results in a particularly good centering of the inner valve element achieved, which leads to optimal and reproducible flow conditions with an injection of fuel.
Analog hierzu wird auch vorgeschlagen, dass das äußereAnalogously, it is also proposed that the outer
Ventilelement einen oberen Führungsbereich aufweist, in dem der Betätigungsabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements wenigstens bereichsweise geführt ist (der Begriff "oben" ist hier nicht absolut, sondern relativ zur Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtung zu verstehen) . Auch dies kommt der Zentrierung des inneren Ventilelements im äußeren Ventilelement sowie der Absenkung der Betätigungsdrücke und somit letztlich der Qualität der Kraftstoffeinspritzung zugute .Valve element has an upper guide area, in which the actuating section of the inner valve element is guided at least in some areas (the term "above" is not to be understood here absolutely, but relative to the fuel injection device). This also benefits the centering of the inner valve element in the outer valve element and the lowering of the actuation pressures and thus ultimately the quality of the fuel injection.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung bildet ein zwischen dem Dichtabschnitt und demIn a particularly advantageous embodiment of the fuel injection device according to the invention forms a between the sealing section and the
Betätigungsabschnitt des inneren Ventilelements vorhandener Absatz eine Druckfläche. Dies gestattet eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der am inneren Ventilelement angreifenden hydraulischen Kräfte.Actuation section of the inner valve element existing paragraph a pressure surface. This allows a uniform distribution of the hydraulic forces acting on the inner valve element.
In Weiterbildung hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, dass in der Mantelfläche des vom oberen Führungsbereich geführten Bereichs des inneren Ventilelements und/oder in der Mantelfläche des oberen Führungsbereichs des äußeren Ventilelements in Längsrichtung verlaufende Ausnehmungen vorhanden sind. Hierdurch wird eine Druckbeaufschlagung der Druckfläche durch den Spalt zwischen dem innerenIn a further development, it is proposed that recesses extending in the longitudinal direction be provided in the lateral surface of the region of the inner valve element guided by the upper guide region and / or in the lateral surface of the upper guide region of the outer valve element. This will apply pressure to the pressure surface through the gap between the inner
Ventilelement und dem äußeren Ventilelement und durch die Ausnehmungen im Führungsbereich ermöglicht. Auf einen separaten zusätzlichen Druckkanal kann in diesem Falle also verzichtet werden. ZeichnungValve element and the outer valve element and through the recesses in the guide area. In this case, there is no need for a separate additional pressure channel. drawing
Nachfolgend werden besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende Zeichnung im Detail erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:Particularly preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing. The drawing shows:
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines KraftstoffSystems mit mehreren Kraftstoff-FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a fuel system with a plurality of fuel
EinspritzVorrichtungen;Injectors;
Figur 2 einen teilweisen Schnitt durch einen Bereich eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer der Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtungen von Figur 1; undFIG. 2 shows a partial section through a region of a first exemplary embodiment of one of the fuel injection devices from FIG. 1; and
Figur 3 eine Darstellung ähnlich Figur 2 eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer der Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtungen von Figur 1.FIG. 3 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2 of a second exemplary embodiment of one of the fuel injection devices from FIG. 1.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Ein KraftstoffSystem trägt in Figur 1 insgesamt das Bezugszeichen 10. Es kommt in einer Brennkraftmaschine 12 zum Einsatz, welche in Figur 1 nicht im Detail dargestellt ist.A fuel system bears the overall reference number 10 in FIG. 1. It is used in an internal combustion engine 12, which is not shown in detail in FIG. 1.
Das KraftstoffSystem 10 umfasst einen Kraftstoffbehälter 14, aus dem eine elektrische Kraftstoffpumpe 16 denThe fuel system 10 comprises a fuel tank 14, from which an electric fuel pump 16 den
Kraftstoff zu einer Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 18 fördert. Diese komprimiert den Kraftstoff auf einen sehr hohen Druck und fördert ihn in eine Kraftstoff-Sammelleitung ("Rail") 20. An diese sind über Hochdruckleitungen 22 mehrere Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtungen 24 angeschlossen, welche den Kraftstoff direkt in ihnen zugeordnete Brennräume 26 einspritzen. Die Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtungen 24 sind über eine Niederdruck-Rücklaufleitung 28 wieder mit dem Kraftstoffbehälter 14 verbunden.Promotes fuel to a high pressure fuel pump 18. This compresses the fuel to a very high pressure and conveys it into a fuel collecting line ("rail") 20. A plurality of fuel injection devices 24 are connected to the latter via high pressure lines 22, which inject the fuel directly into combustion chambers 26 assigned to them. The fuel injectors 24 are reconnected to the fuel tank 14 via a low pressure return line 28.
Ein dem Brennraum 26 zugewandter Bereich einer der Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtungen 24 ist in Figur 2 im Detail dargestellt:A region of one of the fuel injection devices 24 facing the combustion chamber 26 is shown in detail in FIG. 2:
Danach umfasst die Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung 24 ein Gehäuse 30, in dem eine Stufen-Sackbohrung 32 vorhanden ist. Diese ist über einen Kanal 34 mit der Hochdruck- Leitung 22 verbunden. Der in Figur 2 untere Bereich der Stufen-Sackbohrung 32 verjüngt sich konisch. Er wird durch eine konische Ventilsitzfläche 36 begrenzt. In dieThereafter, the fuel injector 24 includes a housing 30 in which a stepped blind hole 32 is provided. This is connected to the high-pressure line 22 via a channel 34. The lower area of the stepped blind bore 32 in FIG. 2 tapers conically. It is delimited by a conical valve seat surface 36. In the
Ventilsitzfläche 36 münden über den Umfang des Gehäuses 30 verteilt angeordnete radial äußere Kraftstoff- Austrittskanäle 38 sowie radial innere Kraftstoff- Austrittskanäle 40, welche jeweils die Gehäusewand durchsetzen.Valve seat surface 36 opens out over the circumference of housing 30, arranged radially outer fuel outlet channels 38 and radially inner fuel outlet channels 40, which each penetrate the housing wall.
In der Stufen-Sackbohrung 32 des Gehäuses 30 sind zwei zueinander koaxiale Ventilelemente angeordnet, nämlich ein äußeres Ventilelement 42 und ein inneres Ventilelement 44. Das äußere Ventilelement 42 wird in einem Führungsbereich 46 vom Gehäuse 30 fluiddicht geführt. Ein in Figur 2 unterhalb des Führungsbereichs 46 vorhandener Ringraum 48 zwischen dem äußeren Ventilelement 42 und der Wand der Stufen-Sackbohrung 32 ist über den Hochdruck-Kanal 34 mit der Hochdruck-Leitung 22 verbunden. Unmittelbar unterhalb vom Führungsbereich 46 weist der Ringraum 48 eine Ausbuchtung 50 auf, auf deren Höhe am äußeren Ventilelement 42 eine in Öffnungsrichtung des äußeren Ventilelements 42 wirkende Druckfläche 52 vorhanden ist. Das in Figur 2 untere Ende des äußeren Ventilelements 42 ist ebenfalls konisch ausgebildet mit zwei Konusflächen 54 und 56 unterschiedlicher Konizität. Zwischen diesen ist eine Dichtkante 58 vorhanden. Die beiden Konusflächen 54 und 56 mit der Dichtkante 58 sind an einem Dichtabschnitt 60 des äußeren Ventilelements 42 vorhanden, wohingegen die Druckfläche 52 an einem Betätigungsabschnitt 62 des äußeren Ventilelements 42 vorhanden ist.Arranged in the stepped blind bore 32 of the housing 30 are two valve elements which are coaxial to one another, namely an outer valve element 42 and an inner valve element 44. The outer valve element 42 is guided in a guide region 46 by the housing 30 in a fluid-tight manner. An annular space 48 present in FIG. 2 below the guide area 46 between the outer valve element 42 and the wall of the stepped blind bore 32 is connected to the high-pressure line 22 via the high-pressure channel 34. Immediately below the guide area 46, the annular space 48 has a bulge 50, at the level of which there is a pressure surface 52 acting on the outer valve element 42 in the opening direction of the outer valve element 42. The lower end of the outer valve element 42 in FIG. 2 is also conical with two conical surfaces 54 and 56 of different conicity. A sealing edge 58 is present between these. The two conical surfaces 54 and 56 with the sealing edge 58 are present on a sealing section 60 of the outer valve element 42, whereas the pressure surface 52 is present on an actuating section 62 of the outer valve element 42.
Das innere Ventilelement 44 ist in einer Stufenbohrung 64 des äußeren Ventilelements 42 aufgenommen. Die Stufenbohrung 64 weist dabei einen Abschnitt 66 mit kleinerem und einen Abschnitt 68 mit größerem Durchmesser auf. Das innere Ventilelement 44 weist im Abschnitt 68 der Stufenbohrung 64 einen Dichtabschnitt 70 auf, der einen größeren Durchmesser hat als ein Betätigungsabschnitt 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44, der im Abschnitt 66 der Stufenbohrung 64 des äußeren Ventilelements 42 angeordnet ist. Zwischen den beiden Abschnitten 70 und 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 ist ein Absatz vorhanden, der eine ringförmige Druckfläche 74 bildet.The inner valve element 44 is received in a stepped bore 64 of the outer valve element 42. The stepped bore 64 has a section 66 with a smaller and a section 68 with a larger diameter. The inner valve element 44 has in the section 68 of the stepped bore 64 a sealing section 70 which has a larger diameter than an actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 which is arranged in the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 of the outer valve element 42. Between the two sections 70 and 72 of the inner valve element 44 there is a shoulder which forms an annular pressure surface 74.
Der Dichtabschnitt 70 des inneren Ventilelements 44 umfasst einen Zylinderabschnitt 76, der im Abschnitt 68 der Stufenbohrung 64 fluiddicht geführt ist. Der Abschnitt 68 wird daher auch als "unterer Führungsbereich" bezeichnet. In Figur 2 unterhalb des Zylinderabschnitts 76 umfasst der Dichtabschnitt 70 zwei Bereiche unterschiedlicher Konizität. Diese werden von einer äußeren Konusfläche 78 beziehungsweise einer inneren Konusfläche 80 begrenzt, zwischen denen eine Dichtkante 82 vorhanden ist. Bei geschlossenem inneren Ventilelement 44 liegt die Dichtkante 82 an der Ventilsitzfläche 36 des Gehäuses 30 an. Analog hierzu liegt bei geschlossenem äußeren Ventilelement 42 dessen Dichtkante 48 an der gleichen Ventilsitzfläche 36 an.The sealing section 70 of the inner valve element 44 comprises a cylinder section 76 which is guided in the section 68 of the stepped bore 64 in a fluid-tight manner. Section 68 is therefore also referred to as the “lower guide area”. In FIG. 2 below the cylinder section 76, the sealing section 70 comprises two areas of different conicity. These are delimited by an outer conical surface 78 or an inner conical surface 80, between which a sealing edge 82 is present. When the inner valve element 44 is closed, the sealing edge 82 bears against the valve seat surface 36 of the housing 30. Analogously to this, when the outer valve element 42 is closed whose sealing edge 48 on the same valve seat 36.
Der Betätigungsabschnitt 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 hat zwei Bereiche 84 und 86 mit unterschiedlichenThe actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 has two areas 84 and 86 with different ones
Durchmessern. Der unmittelbar an den Dichtabschnitt 70 anschließende Bereich 84 weist einen etwas kleineren Durchmesser als der Abschnitt 66 der Stufenbohrung 64 im äußeren Ventilelement 42 auf. Der Außendurchmesser des Bereichs 86 des Betätigungsabschnitte 72 entspricht dagegen in etwa dem Innendurchmesser des Abschnitts 66 der Stufenbohrung 64 im äußeren Ventilelement 42. Dieser Bereich der Stufenbohrung 62 bildet daher einen oberen Führungsbereich 88, in dem der Betätigungsabschnitt 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 geführt ist. In den Bereich 86 des Betätigungsabschnitts 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 sind in axialer Richtung verlaufende Nuten 90 eingebracht.Diameters. The area 84 directly adjoining the sealing section 70 has a somewhat smaller diameter than the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42. In contrast, the outer diameter of the area 86 of the actuating section 72 corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42. This area of the stepped bore 62 therefore forms an upper guide area 88 in which the actuated section 72 of the inner valve element 44 is guided. Grooves 90 extending in the axial direction are introduced into the area 86 of the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44.
Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung 24 kann hub- oder druckgesteuert oder in einer Kombination aus beiden Ansteuerprinzipien betrieben werden. Denkbar ist beispielsweise, dass das äußere Ventilelement 42 druckgesteuert arbeitet, dass eine Öffnungsbewegung des äußeren Ventilelements 42 also durch eine Druckerhöhung im Ringraum 48 bewirkt wird. Hierdurch erhöht sich die an der Druckfläche 52 und an der äußeren Konusfläche 54 angreifende hydraulische Kraft, welche schließlich entgegen einer konstanten Schließkraft zu einem Abheben der Dichtkante 58 von der Ventilsitzfläche 36 führt.The fuel injection device 24 shown in FIG. 2 can be operated in a stroke or pressure controlled manner or in a combination of both control principles. It is conceivable, for example, that the outer valve element 42 operates under pressure control, that an opening movement of the outer valve element 42 is thus brought about by an increase in pressure in the annular space 48. This increases the hydraulic force acting on the pressure surface 52 and on the outer cone surface 54, which ultimately leads to a lifting of the sealing edge 58 from the valve seat surface 36 against a constant closing force.
Das innere Ventilelement 44 kann hubgesteuert sein. Dies bedeutet, dass dessen Dichtkante 82 nur dann aufgrund einer konstanten Öf nungskraft von der Ventilsitzfläche 36 abhebt, wenn die an der ringförmigen Druckfläche 74 in Schließrichtung wirkende hydraulische Kraft wenigstens kurzzeitig abgesenkt wird. Dies ist möglich durch den zwischen dem Bereich 84 des Betätigungsabschnitts 72 und der Innenwand der Stufenbohrung 64 vorhandenen Ringraum und durch die Nuten 90, welche den Bereich 86 des Betätigungsabschnitts 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 durchsetzen. Denkbar ist aber auch, dass das innere Ventilelement 44 druckgesteuert wird, dass zu einer Öffnungsbewegung des inneren Ventilelements 44 also eine entsprechende kurzzeitig erhöhte hydraulische Kraft an der äußeren Konusfläche 78 angreifen muss. In diesem Fall dient der Ringraum zwischen dem Bereich 84 desThe inner valve element 44 can be stroke-controlled. This means that its sealing edge 82 only lifts off from the valve seat surface 36 due to a constant opening force if the hydraulic force acting on the annular pressure surface 74 in the closing direction is at least is lowered briefly. This is possible due to the annular space present between the area 84 of the actuating section 72 and the inner wall of the stepped bore 64 and through the grooves 90 which penetrate the area 86 of the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44. However, it is also conceivable that the inner valve element 44 is pressure-controlled, so that a corresponding briefly increased hydraulic force must act on the outer cone surface 78 for an opening movement of the inner valve element 44. In this case, the annular space between the area 84 serves
Betätigungsabschnitts 72 und der Stufenbohrung 64 sowie die Nuten 90 in dem Bereich 86 zur Druckentlastung der zwischen dem Betätigungsabschnitt 72 und dem Dichtabschnitt 70 gebildeten Druckfläche 74.Actuating section 72 and the stepped bore 64 and the grooves 90 in the area 86 for relieving pressure from the pressure surface 74 formed between the actuating section 72 and the sealing section 70.
Bei dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung 24 weisen die inneren Kraftstoff-Austrittskanäle 40 einen vergleichsweise großen Durchmesser auf. Dies erfordert einen vergleichsweise großen Durchmesser im Bereich des Ventilsitzes oder, mit anderen Worten, einen großen Durchmesser des Dichtabschnitts 70 im Bereich der Dichtkante 82. Durch die gestufte Bohrung 64 im äußeren Ventilelement 42 kann dennoch eine hohe Steifigkeit des äußeren Ventilelements 42 realisiert werden.In the exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection device 24 shown in FIG. 2, the inner fuel outlet channels 40 have a comparatively large diameter. This requires a comparatively large diameter in the region of the valve seat or, in other words, a large diameter of the sealing section 70 in the region of the sealing edge 82. The stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42 can nevertheless achieve high rigidity of the outer valve element 42.
In Figur 3 ist eine alternative Kraftstoff- Einspritzvorrichtung 24 dargestellt. Dabei tragen solche Elemente und Bereiche, welche äguivalente Funktionen zu Elementen und Bereichen der in Figur 2 dargestellten Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung 24 aufweisen, die gleichen Bezugszeichen. Sie sind nicht nochmals im Detail erläutert. Im Gegensatz zu dem vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispiel hat der Dichtabschnitt 70 des inneren Ventilelements 44 einen kleineren Durchmesser als sein Betätigungsabschnitt 72. Entsprechend hat auch der Abschnitt 66 der Stufenbohrung 64 im äußeren Ventilelement 42 einen größeren Durchmesser als der Abschnitt 68. Ferner ist der Durchmesser der inneren Kraftstoff-Austrittskanäle 40 deutlich kleiner als bei dem vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispiel .An alternative fuel injection device 24 is shown in FIG. Elements and regions which have functions equivalent to elements and regions of the fuel injection device 24 shown in FIG. 2 have the same reference numbers. They are not explained in detail again. In contrast to the previous exemplary embodiment, the sealing section 70 of the inner valve element 44 has a smaller diameter than its actuating section 72. Accordingly, the section 66 of the stepped bore 64 in the outer valve element 42 also has a larger diameter than the section 68. Furthermore, the diameter of the inner fuel Outlet channels 40 significantly smaller than in the previous embodiment.
Auf diese Weise kann der Dichtabschnitt 60 des äußerenIn this way, the sealing portion 60 of the outer
Ventilelements 42 insgesamt größer sein, so dass auch die innere Konusfläche 56 größer sein kann. Hierdurch wird auch bei geringen Drücken im Ringraum 48 ein sicheres Öffnen des äußeren Ventilelements 42 gewährleistet. Gleichzeitig sind hohe Drücke erforderlich, um an der vergleichsweise kleinen äußeren Konusfläche 78 des inneren Ventilelements 44 jene in Öffnungsrichtung wirkende hydraulische Kraft zu erzeugen, die schließlich zu einem Abheben der Dichtkante 82 von der Ventilsitzfläche 36 führt. Die hohen Kräfte können durch den vergleichsweise dickenValve element 42 can be larger overall, so that the inner conical surface 56 can also be larger. This ensures that the outer valve element 42 is securely opened even at low pressures in the annular space 48. At the same time, high pressures are required in order to generate the hydraulic force acting in the opening direction on the comparatively small outer cone surface 78 of the inner valve element 44, which ultimately leads to the sealing edge 82 being lifted off the valve seat surface 36. The high forces can be comparatively thick
Betätigungsabschnitt 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 gut aufgenommen werden, dieses weist also eine ausreichende Steifigkeit aus. Durch die Nuten 90 und den Spalt zwischen dem Bereich 84 des Betätigungsabschnitts 72 des inneren Ventilelements 44 und der Innenwand der Stufenbohrung 64 kann die Druckfläche 74 dennoch in ausreichender Weise entlastet werden. Actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 can be well received, so this has sufficient rigidity. The grooves 90 and the gap between the area 84 of the actuating section 72 of the inner valve element 44 and the inner wall of the stepped bore 64 can nevertheless relieve the pressure surface 74 sufficiently.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24), insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen (12) mit Kraftstoff-1. Fuel injection device (24), in particular for internal combustion engines (12) with fuel
Direkteinspritzung, mit einem Gehäuse (30), mit einem in diesem angeordneten äußeren Ventilelement (42) , welches eine Ausnehmung (64) aufweist, in der ein inneresDirect injection, with a housing (30), with an outer valve element (42) arranged therein, which has a recess (64) in which an inner
Ventilelement (44) wenigstens bereichsweise angeordnet ist, welches mindestens einen mit einem Ventilsitz (36) zusammenarbeitenden Dichtabschnitt (70) und einen mit diesem verbundenen Betätigungsabschnitt (72) aufweist, welche unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausnehmung (64) im äußeren Ventilelement (42), in welcher das innere Ventilelement (44) angeordnet ist, Abschnitte (66, 68) mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern aufweist, welche an die Durchmesser der Abschnitte (70, 72) des innerenValve element (44) is arranged at least in regions, which has at least one sealing section (70) working together with a valve seat (36) and an actuating section (72) connected to it, which have different diameters, characterized in that the recess (64) is located on the outside Valve element (42), in which the inner valve element (44) is arranged, has sections (66, 68) with different diameters which correspond to the diameter of the sections (70, 72) of the inner one
Ventilelements (44) wenigstens in etwa angepasst sind.Valve element (44) are at least approximately adapted.
2. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dichtabschnitt (70) des inneren Ventilelements (44) einen kleineren Durchmesser aufweist als dessen Betätigungsabschnitt (72) .2. Fuel injection device (24) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing section (70) of the inner valve element (44) has a smaller diameter than the actuating section (72).
3. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dichtabschnitt (70) des inneren Ventilelements (44) einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist als dessen Betätigungsabschnitt (72) . 3. Fuel injection device (24) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing section (70) of the inner valve element (44) has a larger diameter than the actuating section (72).
4. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das äußere Ventilelement (42) einen unteren Führungsbereich4. Fuel injection device (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer valve element (42) has a lower guide region
(68) aufweist, in dem der Dichtabschnitt (70) des inneren Ventilelements (44) wenigstens bereichsweise geführt ist.(68), in which the sealing section (70) of the inner valve element (44) is guided at least in regions.
5. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das äußere Ventilelement (42) einen oberen Führungsbereich (88) aufweist, in dem der Betätigungsabschnitt (72) des inneren Ventilelements (44) wenigstens bereichsweise geführt ist.5. Fuel injection device (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer valve element (42) has an upper guide region (88) in which the actuating section (72) of the inner valve element (44) is guided at least in regions.
6. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zwischen dem Dichtabschnitt (70) und dem Betätigungsabschnitt (72) des inneren Ventilelements (44) vorhandener Absatz eine Druckfläche (74) bildet.6. Fuel injection device (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the sealing section (70) and the actuating section (72) of the inner valve element (44) existing paragraph forms a pressure surface (74).
7. Kraftstoff-Einspritzvorrichtung (24.) nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Mantelfläche des vom oberen Führungsbereich (88) geführten Bereichs des inneren Ventilelements (44) und/oder in der Mantelfläche des oberen Führungsbereichs des äußeren Ventilelements insgesamt in Längsrichtung verlaufende Ausnehmungen (90) vorhanden sind. 7. Fuel injection device (24) according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that in the lateral surface of the area of the upper guide region (88) guided region of the inner valve element (44) and / or in the lateral surface of the upper guide region of the outer valve element there are a total of recesses (90) running in the longitudinal direction.
EP03769230A 2003-02-08 2003-10-08 Fuel-injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel-injection Expired - Lifetime EP1597473B1 (en)

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DE10305187A DE10305187A1 (en) 2003-02-08 2003-02-08 Fuel injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel injection
DE10305187 2003-02-08
PCT/DE2003/003329 WO2004070191A1 (en) 2003-02-08 2003-10-08 Fuel-injection device, in particular for internal combustion engines with direct fuel-injection

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EP (1) EP1597473B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006521484A (en)
CN (1) CN1745241A (en)
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EP1597473B1 (en) 2006-12-20
ATE348951T1 (en) 2007-01-15
US20060151638A1 (en) 2006-07-13
WO2004070191A1 (en) 2004-08-19
DE50306076D1 (en) 2007-02-01
CN1745241A (en) 2006-03-08
DE10305187A1 (en) 2004-08-19
JP2006521484A (en) 2006-09-21

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