EP1595403A1 - Elektronisches mikroskop - Google Patents
Elektronisches mikroskopInfo
- Publication number
- EP1595403A1 EP1595403A1 EP04712044A EP04712044A EP1595403A1 EP 1595403 A1 EP1595403 A1 EP 1595403A1 EP 04712044 A EP04712044 A EP 04712044A EP 04712044 A EP04712044 A EP 04712044A EP 1595403 A1 EP1595403 A1 EP 1595403A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image sensor
- optical system
- resolution
- microscope according
- microscope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/0008—Microscopes having a simple construction, e.g. portable microscopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/361—Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a microscope with an optical system that images an object on an image sensor and a screen that displays image data output by the image sensor as an image and is the only output medium for a visual observation of the object.
- Imaging images are known. The lack of direct optical insight enables a small, compact design of the microscope and minimizes the need for optical components. In this regard, they are clearly superior to conventional microscopes with an additional attached camera that feeds a screen, as are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,202,037 or US Pat Installation slot of a computer is integrated shows. The same applies to a generic microscope as it is offered by Olympus ' under the product name EV10. However, these known solutions use very complex optics; here there is a need for simplifications or production cost reductions.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of simplifying a microscope of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the optical complexity can be kept as low as possible.
- This object is achieved according to the invention with a microscope of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the imaging performance of the optical system and the resolution A of the image sensor satisfy the relationship F x N / M ⁇ 0.5 A, where F is a factor, N the numerical aperture of the optical system , M indicate the magnification factor of the optical system and A the resolution of the image sensor in pixels per millimeter.
- the concept according to the invention provides for the optics upstream of the image sensor and the resolution of the sensor to be matched to one another.
- electronic microscopes were mostly obtained by simply combining known microscope optics with an image sensor.
- the resolution of the optical system is "oversized" with respect to the image sensor, ie, unnecessary effort is put into the optical system.
- the relationship according to the invention between the resolution of the optical system and the image sensor makes it possible to avoid this unnecessary effort, which is not only due to the final possible selling price of a device, but also affects the size.
- this enables the resolution achievable by the image sensor to be optimally used, and it is ensured that no unnecessary optical effort is used.
- the optical system is fully utilized by the image sensor with regard to the resolution. Overall, a cost-saving production of the device can be achieved. Elaborate optical systems that generate information in the form of resolution that ultimately could not be used by the image sensor are avoided. The maximum result can be achieved with minimal optical effort.
- This aspect is particularly important in the current increasing resolution of CCD image sensors, since it can sometimes happen that in the future the optical system becomes more and more the resolution-limiting element, whereas the optical performance of the image sensor is currently decisive for the overall system ,
- the factor contained in the dimensioning rule according to the invention is preferably wavelength-dependent and ensures that the left-hand side of the relationship according to the invention essentially indicates the resolution reproduced by the optical system.
- the wavelength L can in particular be the average wavelength of the optical radiation used.
- the value 0.00582 mm can be used for light.
- the factor F not only serves to reflect a possible wavelength dependency of the resolution performance of an optical system, but is also intended to take into account a slight deviation from the above-mentioned optimal adaptation, as can be the case, for example, due to manufacturing conditions.
- the invention now enables adaptation both in such a way that the optics can be adapted to the image sensor and vice versa. Mutual coordination is also possible.
- the invention achieves a particular advantage in that, in the case of an optical system with adjustable magnification, the effective resolution of the image sensor is adapted to the magnification factor of the optical system by means of a control device.
- This adjustment ensures that the resolution of the optical system and the image sensor match each other even with variable magnification factors, i.e. that there is no "empty" enlargement that does not bring any additional information gain. This procedure makes it possible to achieve a maximum result even with variable enlargement with minimal optical or image sensor technology.
- a particularly easy to implement system for adapting the effective resolution of the image sensor is a changing device with several image sensors that have different resolutions and can be switched into the beam path of the microscope.
- the changing device can be designed, for example, as a switchable optical unit, which optionally brings one of several image sensors into the beam path of the optical system.
- a change wheel carrying several image sensors can be used, which switches the image sensors to adjust the resolution.
- the effective resolution of the image sensor can also be changed electronically by connecting a plurality of pixels of the image sensor to larger units. This is known to those skilled in the art as pixel binning.
- the interconnection can take place either directly at the sensor level or through a subsequent image processing in the control device, which can be designed, for example, as a computer.
- the approaches mentioned for adapting the resolution of the image sensor can of course not only be used individually but also in combination.
- a field of view can also be adapted, the field of view being imaged on the image sensor by the optical system in such a way that part of the image sensor is exposed which corresponds to the desired resolution of the field of view.
- the optical system has an adjustable magnification and that a device for changing the numerical aperture of the optical system and a control device are provided which adapt the numerical aperture to the magnification of the optical system and / or the effective resolution by the aforementioned Maintain connection as far as possible.
- the concept according to the invention enables a very compact microscope. It is therefore preferred that a housing is provided in which the optical system and the control device are integrated.
- the compact design enables an almost unlimited half-space to be available as the volume for the object to be examined.
- the housing has an object support located on the upper side of the housing and an incident light source integrated in the housing, which lies below the upper side of the housing, in order to illuminate the object.
- the resolution of the image sensor is greater than or equal to the resolution of the screen.
- the image sensor does this determining element for the overall resolution of the system can and should advantageously be.
- the screen can also contribute to the enlargement.
- the screen size is of course essential. For high magnifications it is important therefore prefer a screen as large as possible.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an optical path in a microscope
- FIG. 2 is an electronic microscope
- FIG. 3 shows the microscope of FIG. 1 with the housing partially cut away
- FIG. 4 shows an exchange unit with several image sensors used in the microscope of FIG. 1
- FIGS. 5-7 show alternative configurations of the exchange unit of FIG. 4.
- a microscope 1 is shown schematically in FIG. In a beam path 2, an object 5 is created using an objective 3 and an eyepiece designed as zoom optics 4 shown enlarged on a CCD sensor 6. An optical view is not provided for the microscope 1.
- Figure 2 shows the microscope 1 in a perspective view.
- a housing 8 of the microscope is arranged on a table 7 and contains both the optics and the control electronics in the form of a computer.
- An image of the object to be examined in the microscope 1 is displayed on an LCD screen 9.
- the housing has an upper side 10 on which an object support 11 is located.
- the microscope 1 is operated by means of a handwheel 12 for focusing and an operating panel 13.
- FIG. 3 there is an installation space 14 for the optics shown schematically in FIG. 1, and the CCD sensor 6; for the sake of clarity, however, these are not shown in FIG. 3.
- a control unit 15 designed as a computer, which contains a processor as well as storage units and interfaces for input / output of data.
- the control device 15 supplies the required image data to the LCD screen 9.
- the resolution of objective 3 and zoom optics 4 of microscope 1 is adapted to the resolution of image sensor 6 according to the following relationship: F x N / M ⁇ 0.5 A, where F is a factor, N is the numerical aperture of the optical system, M is the magnification factor of Optics system and A indicate the resolution of the image sensor in pixels per millimeter; the factor F for a light microscope is between 2,800 and 3,200.
- F 10 / (0.61 L) applies, the wavelength of the radiation used being in millimeters.
- the equation for F can also be based on the use of light, but here the dimensioning according to the above interval is easier.
- a changing device for exchanging the image sensor is provided in the installation space 14.
- a changing wheel 16 is used, which is rotatably mounted on an axis 17 and carries several sensors 6, 6 ', 6 "and 6'". The change wheel 16 is rotated into the beam path 3 of the microscope 1 so that the image sensor with the desired resolution is used.
- the change wheel is designed as an annular disk which is connected to the axis 7 via a plurality of arms 18. This design makes it possible to increase the number of sensors 6 again.
- an angled beam path 19 can also be used, in which the beam path 2 is deflected to an image sensor 6 by means of a deflection mirror 20.
- the opposite arrangement of the deflecting mirror 20 and the CCD sensor 6 ensures that rotation of the change gear 16 exchanges the active CCD sensor.
- This construction is space-saving compared to the construction of FIG. 4, since the CCD sensors are parallel to the axis 17. In the construction shown in FIG. 6, they are perpendicular to the change gear 16.
- FIG. 7 shows a further alternative for the changing device, in which the number of moving components is minimized.
- the change wheel 16 is fixed, and a deflection prism 21 is attached to the axis of rotation as a rotatable deflection unit, which deflects the angled beam path 19 onto the respectively selected CCD sensor 6.
- a particularly large number of CCD sensors 6 can be used with a space-saving construction.
- these CCD sensors 6 can be hard-wired since they do not have to be movable themselves.
- a field of view can also be adapted, in which the field of view is imaged on the CCD sensor by the zoom optics 4 in such a way that the field of view exposes that part of the CCD sensor 6 which corresponds to the resolution that is required to maintain the above relationship.
- the numerical aperture of the optical system formed by objective 3 and zoom optic 4 is therefore adapted to the changed magnification.
- the pixels that are not illuminated on the CCD sensor are hidden by the control device 15 and are not displayed on the LCD screen 9.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10306970.4A DE10306970B4 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-02-19 | Elektronisches Mikroskop |
| DE10306970 | 2003-02-19 | ||
| PCT/EP2004/001559 WO2004080076A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-02-18 | Elektronisches mikroskop |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1595403A1 true EP1595403A1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
Family
ID=32797524
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04712044A Ceased EP1595403A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-02-18 | Elektronisches mikroskop |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7586688B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1595403A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2006520013A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10306970B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004080076A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006021317B3 (de) * | 2006-05-06 | 2007-10-11 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Verfahren und Fluoreszenzlichtmikroskop zum räumlich hochauflösenden Abbilden einer Struktur einer Probe |
| US8547239B2 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2013-10-01 | Cequr Sa | Methods for detecting failure states in a medicine delivery device |
| CN102893198B (zh) * | 2010-05-18 | 2015-11-25 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 自动聚焦成像系统、成像方法及显微镜 |
| JP5766768B2 (ja) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-08-19 | ファナック株式会社 | 磁気式角度検出器 |
| DE102016110407A1 (de) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-07 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Digitales Mikroskop mit einem Objektiv und mit einem Bildsensor |
| EP3467563A1 (de) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-10 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | Mikroskopiervorrichtung |
| DE102018110644B4 (de) | 2018-05-03 | 2024-02-15 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Digitales Mikroskop und digitales Mikroskopieverfahren |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3353891A (en) * | 1964-06-18 | 1967-11-21 | Bausch & Lomb | Zoom lens system having front mounted axially movable aperture stop to control numerical aperture during magnification change |
| US4202037A (en) | 1977-04-22 | 1980-05-06 | Der Loos Hendrik Van | Computer microscope apparatus and method for superimposing an electronically-produced image from the computer memory upon the image in the microscope's field of view |
| US4206966A (en) | 1978-10-23 | 1980-06-10 | Redken Laboratories, Inc. | Projection microscope with film holder |
| GB2084754B (en) | 1980-09-29 | 1984-02-01 | Meteriel Biomedical Le | Microscope |
| US4361377A (en) | 1981-01-12 | 1982-11-30 | Pullen Joel F | Portable compact microscope |
| US4845552A (en) | 1987-08-20 | 1989-07-04 | Bruno Jaggi | Quantitative light microscope using a solid state detector in the primary image plane |
| DE3836716A1 (de) | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-03 | Zeiss Carl Fa | Verfahren zur auswertung von zellbildern |
| JPH05127087A (ja) | 1991-07-02 | 1993-05-25 | Nikon Corp | 顕微鏡システム |
| JPH07199077A (ja) | 1993-12-29 | 1995-08-04 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 顕微鏡システム |
| JPH08101437A (ja) | 1994-10-03 | 1996-04-16 | Nikon Corp | カメラのカバー構造 |
| US6483948B1 (en) | 1994-12-23 | 2002-11-19 | Leica Ag | Microscope, in particular a stereomicroscope, and a method of superimposing two images |
| CH690384A5 (de) * | 1995-03-24 | 2000-08-15 | Zeiss Carl Fa | Computerunterstütztes Video-Mikroskop. |
| JPH0918772A (ja) | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-17 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 顕微鏡画像解析装置 |
| US5694242A (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-02 | Lunax Company Limited | Multi-function microscope |
| DE19635666C1 (de) | 1996-09-03 | 1997-12-18 | Kapitza Hans Georg Dr | Integriertes Mikroskop |
| JPH10307262A (ja) | 1997-03-05 | 1998-11-17 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | ビデオマイクロスコープ |
| JPH10339845A (ja) | 1997-06-09 | 1998-12-22 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | モニタ観察型顕微鏡 |
| JP3952325B2 (ja) | 1997-06-10 | 2007-08-01 | Smc株式会社 | 高速薄板冷却装置 |
| US6907390B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2005-06-14 | Smiths Detection Inc. | Miniaturized opto-electronic magnifying system |
| AU1182401A (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-04-23 | Cellavision Ab | Microscope and method for manufacturing a composite image with a high resolution |
| JP2001281554A (ja) * | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-10 | Nikon Corp | 顕微鏡用デジタルカメラ及び該カメラを備える顕微鏡システム |
| JP2004538509A (ja) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-12-24 | バイオビュー リミテッド | 蛍光撮像における画像合焦 |
| US7023622B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2006-04-04 | Dmetrix, Inc. | Miniature microscope objective lens |
-
2003
- 2003-02-19 DE DE10306970.4A patent/DE10306970B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-02-18 EP EP04712044A patent/EP1595403A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-02-18 WO PCT/EP2004/001559 patent/WO2004080076A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-02-18 JP JP2006504435A patent/JP2006520013A/ja active Pending
- 2004-02-18 US US10/546,020 patent/US7586688B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004080076A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7586688B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
| DE10306970A1 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
| US20070121204A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
| JP2006520013A (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
| WO2004080076A1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
| DE10306970B4 (de) | 2017-02-09 |
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