EP1593776B1 - Drying section for machine for producing a fibrous web - Google Patents

Drying section for machine for producing a fibrous web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1593776B1
EP1593776B1 EP05102221A EP05102221A EP1593776B1 EP 1593776 B1 EP1593776 B1 EP 1593776B1 EP 05102221 A EP05102221 A EP 05102221A EP 05102221 A EP05102221 A EP 05102221A EP 1593776 B1 EP1593776 B1 EP 1593776B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction roll
fibrous web
suction
roll
dryer
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Not-in-force
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EP05102221A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1593776A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Mayer
Peter Kahl
Torben Schlieckau
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Publication of EP1593776A1 publication Critical patent/EP1593776A1/en
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Publication of EP1593776B1 publication Critical patent/EP1593776B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
    • D21F5/042—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices
    • D21F5/044—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders in combination with suction or blowing devices using air hoods over the cylinders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/14—Drying webs by applying vacuum
    • D21F5/143—Drying webs by applying vacuum through perforated cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drying section for a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a dryer section according to claim 27.
  • From the DE 198 41 768 A1 is a drying section of a machine for producing a material web, in particular a paper or board web, known, comprising at least one impingement dryer by which the material web is at least on one side with a hot air or a hot steam impact flow applied.
  • a drying roller for drying a Material web described, which serves in particular for guiding and holding an acted upon by a drying gas paper web.
  • the drying roller has a jacket over which the material web is guided during operation of the roller while partially wrapping around the roller.
  • gas passage openings are present.
  • means are provided for conveying gas through the roll shell.
  • a second, gas-tight jacket is provided, which forms an annular space with the outer roll shell. The annular space is sealed gastight relative to the interior of the inner shell.
  • a drying group in a dryer section of a machine for producing a material web.
  • the drying group comprises a number of cylinders, which - viewed in the direction of the material web - alternately heated and cooled, around which the material web is guided in a meandering manner together with a porous conveyor belt and with a metal band.
  • the material web is arranged between the conveyor belt and the metal strip.
  • the metal strip or conveyor belt is highly biased, and the cylinders are associated with additional heating devices which act on areas of the circumference in which the material web rest with the conveyor belt and the metal strip.
  • a generic dryer section is from the document DE 100 25 560 A1 known. This discloses an embodiment with guidance of the material web successively via two suction rolls formed as a support rollers, wherein two suction rolls are associated with impingement dryer, however, each extending over almost the complete wrap of the fibrous web at the respective support roller. For this purpose, not only one but at least two such impingement-flow dryers are associated with the second suction roll. The arrangement is very space-consuming.
  • EP 0427 218 A2 discloses an arrangement comprising a series of steam-heated cylinders and a further series of unheated deflection rollers arranged in the interspaces of these cylinders, which can be designed as suction rollers, wherein the cylinders and the deflection rollers are associated with air blowing devices.
  • EP 0911 445 A2 discloses an embodiment with guidance of the web over a heatable cylinder and a guide roller, wherein the guide roller can be carried out besaugbar and to the guide roller and the cylinder, a blowing device can be adjusted.
  • US 6,003,241 A discloses single cylinders with impingement flow dryers. There are two Praliströmungstrockner each provided, which are arranged adjacent to the jacket of a cylinder adjacent in the axial direction and wrap around this largely, wherein the impingement dryer are displaceable in the axial direction relative to the cylinder.
  • this object of a dryer section of the type mentioned is achieved in that the second impingement dryer is employed as the only one to the second suction roll and is employed essentially only on the output side lower quadrant of the second sanitary roller.
  • a good wrap of the roll is achieved by the hood-shaped impingement flow dryer.
  • the arrangement of the impingement flow dryer is chosen such that an easy cleanliness of the impingement flow dryer, but also the suction roll is made possible.
  • the suction rolls covered by the impingement flow dryers have a high drying efficiency and, while they themselves take up the space of three successively arranged drying cylinders, for example, save eight drying cylinders, so that a total saving of space results and the paper machine has a shorter length.
  • the drying performance at the beginning of the drying process is limited only by influencing the paper quality and no longer by the web guide of the wet paper web.
  • the paper quality can be better influenced with a flexible and faster adjustable impingement dryer than with conventional drying cylinders.
  • a correction of moisture transverse profiles is possible. After pressing on heating surfaces is no longer required, a respective transverse shrinkage obstruction can be better controlled or varied.
  • the fibrous web is preferred with its, one in each case by the impact flow beaufschlagten side opposite side over an open, ie not smooth, support surface out. This excludes that the still relatively moist fibrous web remains stuck to the support surface, so that the risk of web breaks and overstretching of the side edges is almost impossible.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that no or only little waste is produced on the underlying impingement-flow dryer, since scraps of paper can fall into an arrangement for collecting the reject instead of an impingement-flow dryer attached to the underside on the underside, as is the case in the prior art is, if the paper web is not exactly applied to the screen of the underlying suction roll and is dropped, for example, in a demolition of the paper web, holes in the web or the transfer passage.
  • the impingement flow dryer is provided with a steam evacuation which serves for the simultaneous evaporation.
  • a steam evacuation which serves for the simultaneous evaporation.
  • An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the Fibrous web is passed over at least two successively arranged suction rolls, to each of which an impingement dryer is employed.
  • the fibrous web is brought from top to bottom of the shell of the second suction roll, led around the lower side region of the shell of the second suction roll and again from bottom to top of the shell the second suction roll discharged, wherein a second impingement dryer is employed at the lower side region of the shell of the suction roll.
  • suction rolls for example with a diameter of at least 3 m, ensure safe and precise guidance with a constant radius of curvature. Since the suction rolls do not have to be designed as pressure vessels, they can be relatively large in order to provide a correspondingly larger drying area.
  • the vacuum required for the suction rolls is generated in each case by a stationary suction box which is sealingly attached to the suction roll.
  • the at least one first and second suction rolls are each wrapped in a sieve, the first and the second suction rolls each being assigned its own drying wire.
  • drying wire surrounding the second suction roll then wraps around at least a single, but at most three, steam-heated drying cylinders of the subsequent single-row drying section.
  • the impingement flow dryer covers the at least one first suction roll over an angle of at least 80 °, but not more than 180 °, in particular over an angle lying between 90 ° and 130 °.
  • the impingement flow dryers can each be removed and returned again by a translational and / or rotational movement of the first suction roll or the second suction roll.
  • the impingement flow dryers can also make two linear movements in different directions. The movements are preferably carried out in two stages, but depending on the geometric conditions and single-stage movements are conceivable. Also for screen change the impingement dryer are lifted or swung from the suction rolls.
  • Each of the impingement flow dryers advantageously has in each case an integrated hot air or superheated steam system.
  • impingement flow dryers each have a built-in burner, in particular in conjunction with circulating air fans and / or bypass flaps.
  • the burners produce temperatures in the range between 300 ° and 500 °.
  • impingement flow dryers which are also referred to as impingement hoods, may in an advantageous embodiment consist of modules arranged side by side over their width, which in particular have a width between 1.5 m and 4 m, in particular a width between 2 m and 3 m ,
  • All modules can be operated in the same way and together. However, they can also be operated separately at different temperatures, at different air velocities and at different moisture contents, so that the fibrous web is impressed according to the selected characteristics of the modules a profile transverse to the machine direction.
  • the impingement flow dryers together have a length such that the blow length acting on the circumference of the suction rolls is at least 5 m is. Particularly preferred is a blowing length which is between 8.00 m and 10.50 m.
  • the impingement flow dryers are designed following the press section in such a way that they increase the dry content of the fibrous web by between 2 and 5%.
  • the arrangement of the suction rolls and the impingement flow dryers is advantageously followed by a first drying area with a single-row arrangement of drying cylinders.
  • this dryer area at least two stabilizer boxes are arranged above the suction rolls which deflect the fibrous web between the drying cylinders.
  • Each stabilizer box has a separation zone separated from a stabilization zone in the upper region of the stabilizer box, in which the fibrous web is detached from the outer surface of the drying cylinder, and a stabilizing or holding zone adjoining the separation zone, in which the fibrous web continues in the direction of the subsequent suction roll becomes.
  • a stronger suction pressure is used than in the holding zone.
  • the suction pressure is at least 700 Pa, preferably more than 1000 Pa.
  • an aggregate for applying a medium, in particular a coating unit is arranged downstream of the first dryer area.
  • the first dryer area is followed by a second dryer area with a single-row or a double-row arrangement of drying cylinders.
  • the second dryer area can also be partially single-row and partially double-row equipped with drying cylinders.
  • the dryer section comprises at least two stabilizer boxes arranged in the single-row dryer area for producing a suction effect on the fibrous web.
  • the invention also relates to a machine for producing a fibrous web, according to the invention, in which the machine comprises a headbox with a zoned dilution water supply device.
  • twin-wire former with two screens can be used.
  • a press section is provided with a single suction nip formed by a press roll in conjunction with a shoe press roll.
  • two press nips arranged one behind the other are provided, in each of which a press roll cooperates with a shoe press roll.
  • the first press nip can also be formed in this case by two interacting press rolls. If a press roll forms a press nip together with a shoe press roll, the press roll is preferably arranged at the bottom. At least one of the press rolls is preferably designed as a suction press roll.
  • the press section comprises at least one transfer belt.
  • the machine comprises a coating unit for a two-sided film coating on the fibrous web.
  • At least one calender having a single pair of rolls can advantageously be arranged after the drying section become. Preference is given to two, in particular successively arranged, calender, each with a pair of rollers.
  • the machine for producing the fibrous web in its press section felts and / or transfer belts through which the fibrous web is constantly supported.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a dryer section in a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web having at least one inside the dryer section arranged first suction roll to which the fibrous web from top to bottom of the Mantle of the first suction roll is guided around the underside region of the shell of the first suction roll and is discharged again from bottom to top of the shell of the first suction roll, wherein a first impingement dryer is made to the lower side region of the shell of the suction roll, in particular Compound with one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the fibrous web can also be guided from bottom to top around the first suction roll, then over its top region and then again from top to bottom.
  • the method is characterized in that the fibrous web has a shrinkage dry content of less than 75% when entering the dryer section.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a dryer section in a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web with at least one arranged after the press section first suction roll to which the fibrous web from bottom to top or is brought from top to bottom of the jacket of the first suction roll to the top or the lower side region of the shell of the first Suction roll is guided around and is again discharged from top to bottom or from bottom to top of the jacket of the first suction roll, wherein a first impingement dryer on the top or the lower side of the jacket of the first suction roller is employed.
  • This method is inventively characterized in that the fibrous web has a solids content of less than 56%, preferably less than 53%, when entering the first impingement flow dryer.
  • a method according to the invention can also be advantageously provided that the machine in the production of a wood-free paper web at a speed of more than 800 m / min, in particular at a speed of more than 1100 m / min, and in the production of a wood-containing paper web at a speed of more than 1200 m / min, in particular at a speed of more than 1600 m / min., Operated.
  • the impingement flow dryers are lifted and / or pivoted away from the suction rolls during the transfer of a fibrous web, during a screen change or for maintenance work.
  • additional covers are applied to the impingement flow dryers, at least on the lower impingement flow dryer, to prevent the transfer strip or portions of the transfer strip from dropping and igniting on the impingement air dryer already producing hot air in the event of a break.
  • the covers are removed from the impingement flow dryers, so that their full heating power acts on the fibrous web.
  • the impingement flow dryer ie its air outlet surface, at a distance of at least 200 mm, preferably of at least 500 mm, brought in relation to the lateral surface of the suction roll.
  • these are preferably lifted by a two-stage movement of the suction rolls, wherein the translational movement and the rotational movement are carried out separately in succession.
  • the order of translational and rotational movement may also be changed in one embodiment of the moving device.
  • the first impingement flow dryer applied to the at least one first suction roll is withdrawn therefrom in such a way that residues of the fibrous web or other impurities lying on the surface of the impingement flow dryer slide downwards or, for example, into a shaft arranged next to the impingement flow dryer ,
  • a screen change the impingement flow dryers are again brought to an operating distance of at least 20 to 60 mm, in particular from 30 to 50 mm, to the lateral surfaces of the suction rolls.
  • the fibrous web is guided supported by felts and / or transfer belts over the entire length of the press section.
  • the fibrous web has no direct contact with a smooth roll surface and is transferred without free draw in the dryer section.
  • the fibrous web is supported in the press section on both sides by the felts or on one side by a felt and on the other side by a conveyor belt.
  • the respective lower pressure roller is evacuated.
  • the invention enables an operating speed of more than 1100 m / min in the presence of two or more press nips. If only a single press nip, preferably a nip formed between a shoe press roll and a press roll, is present, the operating speed is at least 800 m / min.
  • a suction roll 1 ( Fig. 1 ) is arranged after a press section of a machine for producing a fibrous web 2 at the entrance of a dryer section.
  • the fibrous web 2 is guided together with a transfer belt or a drying wire down to the shell of the suction roll 1 and continued over a further guide roller 4 upwards.
  • a stabilizer 5 is positioned above the suction roll 1, which provides the necessary negative pressure, so that the suction roll 1, the fibrous web 2 can suck on its lateral surface through the dryer fabric through.
  • a impingement dryer 6 On the underside of the suction roll 1 and a impingement dryer 6 is arranged, which essentially covers the - viewed in the web running direction - output side lower quadrant of the suction roll 1 and the fibrous web 2 dries.
  • the fibrous web 11 is transferred to the suction roll 7, while at the same time a drying wire 15 is guided from below between the fibrous web 11 and the shell of the suction roll 7 together with the fibrous web 11 around the suction roll 7, so that the fibrous web 11 in the sandwich between the drying screens 14, 15 is transferred to the outer surface of the suction roller 7. Between rollers 16, 17, the drying wire 15 is returned back down. The drying wire 15 thus wraps around a large portion of the circumference of the suction roll 7.
  • a suction box 18 is disposed on the underside of the suction roll 7, in which the vacuum required for the suction roll 7 is generated.
  • the impingement flow dryer 9 is arranged, which covers a region of about one third of the mantle surface of the suction roll 7 and dries the fibrous web 11.
  • the fibrous web 11 is sucked onto a drying wire 19 and toward the second suction roll 8, wherein the drying wire 19 rests on the mantle surface of the suction roll 8, while the fibrous web 11 is guided around the suction roll 8.
  • the negative pressure of the suction roller 8 is generated in a suction box 20.
  • the impingement flow dryer 10 is arranged in the lower web outlet side quadrant over an angle of for example 120 ° to the lateral surface of the suction roll 8, to further dry the fibrous web 11.
  • drying wire 19 is continued.
  • the drying wire 19 can also continue to run over two further drying cylinders following in the web running direction.
  • the impingement flow dryer 10 is first moved in a linear movement obliquely downward in the direction of an arrow A and then in a further linear movement in the direction of an arrow B vertically downward.
  • the fibrous web 11 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) initially again in a linear movement obliquely downward from the lateral surface of the suction roller 8. Subsequently, the fibrous web 11 is rotated away by a rotational movement about a pivot point C in the direction of an arrow D.

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  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The web drying section of a papermaking machine, or cardboard or tissue production, has at least one suction roller (1) where the web (2) passes around it from above on one side and upwards on the other side from the bottom of the roller. A beating flow dryer (6) is aligned at the suction roller, at the lower quadrant of the exit side. Web guide rollers (3,4) are over the suction roller and on both sides, flanking a stabilizer (5) over the suction roller.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Trockenpartie für eine Maschine zur Herstellung einer Papier-, Karton-, Tissue- oder einer anderen Faserstoffbahn gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a drying section for a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Trockenpartie nach Anspruch 27.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a dryer section according to claim 27.

mit mindestens einer ersten Saugwalze, um die die Faserstoffbahn von Trockenpartie in einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Papier-, Karton-, Tissue- ode r einer anderen Faserstoffbahn mit mindestens einer ersten Saugwalze, um die die Faserstoffbahn von unten nach oben an den Mantel der ersten Saugwalze heranführbar ist, um den oberseitigen Bereich des Mantels der ersten Saugwalze herumführbar und wieder von oben nach unten von dem Mantel der ersten Saugwalze abführbar ist, wobei ein erster Prallströmungstrockner an den Bereich des Mantels der Saugwalze angestellt ist.with at least one first suction roll around which the fibrous web of the dryer section in a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web with at least one first suction roll around which the fibrous web from bottom to top of the jacket of the first Suction roll can be moved around the upper side region of the jacket of the first suction roll around and again from top to bottom of the jacket of the first suction roll can be discharged, wherein a first impingement dryer is employed at the region of the shell of the suction roll.

Aus der DE 198 41 768 A1 ist eine Trockenpartie einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Materialbahn, insbesondere einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn, bekannt, die wenigstens einen Prallströmungstrockner umfasst, durch den die Materialbahn zumindest einseitig mit einer Heißluft- oder einer Heißdampfprallströmung beaufschlagt wird.From the DE 198 41 768 A1 is a drying section of a machine for producing a material web, in particular a paper or board web, known, comprising at least one impingement dryer by which the material web is at least on one side with a hot air or a hot steam impact flow applied.

In der DE 100 47 369 A1 wird eine Trockenwalze zum Trocknen einer Materialbahn beschrieben, die insbesondere zum Führen und Halten einer mittels eines Trocknungsgases beaufschlagten Papierbahn dient. Die Trockenwalze weist einen Mantel auf, über den die Materialbahn beim Betrieb der Walze, die Walze dabei teilweise umschlingend, geführt wird. In dem Mantel sind Gasdurchtrittsöffnungen vorhanden. Ferner sind Mittel zum Fördern von Gas durch den Walzenmantel vorgesehen. Im Innern des Walzenmantels ist ein zweiter, gasdichter Mantel vorhanden, der mit dem äußeren Walzenmantel einen Ringraum bildet. Der Ringraum ist gegenüber dem Inneren des Innenmantels gasdicht abgedichtet.In the DE 100 47 369 A1 is a drying roller for drying a Material web described, which serves in particular for guiding and holding an acted upon by a drying gas paper web. The drying roller has a jacket over which the material web is guided during operation of the roller while partially wrapping around the roller. In the jacket gas passage openings are present. Further, means are provided for conveying gas through the roll shell. In the interior of the roll shell, a second, gas-tight jacket is provided, which forms an annular space with the outer roll shell. The annular space is sealed gastight relative to the interior of the inner shell.

In der DE 196 19 530 A1 wird eine Trockengruppe in einer Trockenpartie einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Materialbahn offenbart. Die Trockengruppe umfasst eine Anzahl von Zylindern, die - in Laufrichtung der Materialbahn gesehen - abwechselnd beheizt und gekühlt werden, um die die Materialbahn gemeinsam mit einem porösen Transportband und mit einem Metallband mäanderförmig geführt wird. Dabei ist die Materialbahn zwischen dem Transportband und dem Metallband angeordnet. Das Metallband oder das Transportband sind stark vorgespannt, und den Zylindern sind zusätzliche Heizvorrichtungen zugeordnet, die auf Bereiche des Umfangs wirken, in denen die Materialbahn mit dem Transportband und dem Metallband aufliegen.In the DE 196 19 530 A1 a drying group is disclosed in a dryer section of a machine for producing a material web. The drying group comprises a number of cylinders, which - viewed in the direction of the material web - alternately heated and cooled, around which the material web is guided in a meandering manner together with a porous conveyor belt and with a metal band. In this case, the material web is arranged between the conveyor belt and the metal strip. The metal strip or conveyor belt is highly biased, and the cylinders are associated with additional heating devices which act on areas of the circumference in which the material web rest with the conveyor belt and the metal strip.

Eine gattungsgemäße Trockenpartie ist aus der Druckschrift DE 100 25 560 A1 bekannt. Diese offenbart eine Ausführung mit Führung der Materialbahn nacheinander über zwei als Saugwalzen ausgebildete Stützwalzen, wobei beiden Saugwalzen Prallströmungstrockner zugeordnet sind, die sich jedoch jeweils über nahezu den vollständigen Umschlingungsbereich der Faserstoffbahn an der jeweiligen Stützwalze erstrecken. Der zweiten Saugwalze sind dazu nicht nur ein sondern zumindest zwei derartige Prallströmungstrockner zugeordnet. Die Anordnung ist sehr bauraumintensiv. Aufgrund des sehr großen Umschlingungswinkels, insbesondere an der zweiten Saugwalze kann es in der Anordnung bei Bahnabrissen aufgrund der fehlenden Möglichkeit einer einfachen Abfuhr der Restbahn auch zu Verstopfungen im Bereich der Prallströmungstrockner kommen, was die Betriebsweise der Maschine beeinträchtigt und je nach Menge zu ernsthaften Schädigungen führen kann.A generic dryer section is from the document DE 100 25 560 A1 known. This discloses an embodiment with guidance of the material web successively via two suction rolls formed as a support rollers, wherein two suction rolls are associated with impingement dryer, however, each extending over almost the complete wrap of the fibrous web at the respective support roller. For this purpose, not only one but at least two such impingement-flow dryers are associated with the second suction roll. The arrangement is very space-consuming. Due to the very large angle of wrap, especially on the second suction roll, it may be in the arrangement at web breaks due to the lack of possibility of a simple Removal of the residual web also lead to blockages in the area of the impingement flow dryers, which impairs the mode of operation of the machine and, depending on the quantity, can lead to serious damage.

EP 0427 218 A2 offenbart eine Anordnung mit einer Reihe von dampfbeheizten Zylindern und einer weiteren Reihe von in den Zwischenräumen dieser Zylinder angeordneten unbeheizten Umlenkwalzen, die als Saugwalzen ausgebildet sein können, wobei den Zylindern und den Umlenkwalzen Luftblaseinrichtungen zugeordnet sind. EP 0427 218 A2 discloses an arrangement comprising a series of steam-heated cylinders and a further series of unheated deflection rollers arranged in the interspaces of these cylinders, which can be designed as suction rollers, wherein the cylinders and the deflection rollers are associated with air blowing devices.

EP 0911 445 A2 offenbart eine Ausführung mit Führung der Materialbahn über einen beheizbaren Zylinder und eine Umlenkwalze, wobei die Umlenkwalze besaugbar ausgeführt sein kann und an die Umlenkwalze und den Zylinder eine Blaseinrichtung anstellbar ist. EP 0911 445 A2 discloses an embodiment with guidance of the web over a heatable cylinder and a guide roller, wherein the guide roller can be carried out besaugbar and to the guide roller and the cylinder, a blowing device can be adjusted.

US 6.003.241 A offenbart einzelne Zylinder mit Prallströmungstrocknern. Es sind dazu jeweils zwei Praliströmungstrockner vorgesehen, die dem Mantel eines Zylinders in axialer Richtung benachbart zugeordnet angeordnet sind und diesen weitestgehend umschlingen, wobei die Prallströmtrockner in axialer Richtung relativ zum Zylinder verschiebbar sind. US 6,003,241 A discloses single cylinders with impingement flow dryers. There are two Praliströmungstrockner each provided, which are arranged adjacent to the jacket of a cylinder adjacent in the axial direction and wrap around this largely, wherein the impingement dryer are displaceable in the axial direction relative to the cylinder.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Trockenpartie in einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn derart zu verbessern, dass eine gute Trocknungsleistung erzielt wird.It is the object of the invention to improve a dryer section in a machine for producing a fibrous web such that a good drying performance is achieved.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe einer Trockenpartie der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass der zweite Prallstömungstrockner als einziger an die zweite Saugwalze angestellt ist und im wesentlichen nur an dem ausgangsseitigen unteren Quadranten der zweiten Sanugwalze angestellt ist.According to the invention this object of a dryer section of the type mentioned is achieved in that the second impingement dryer is employed as the only one to the second suction roll and is employed essentially only on the output side lower quadrant of the second sanitary roller.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird eine gute Umschlingung der Walze durch den haubenförmigen Prallströmungstrockner erreicht. Die Anordnung des Prallströmungstrockners ist derart gewählt, dass eine leichte Sauberhaltung des Prallströmungstrockners, aber auch der Saugwalze ermöglicht wird.According to the invention, a good wrap of the roll is achieved by the hood-shaped impingement flow dryer. The arrangement of the impingement flow dryer is chosen such that an easy cleanliness of the impingement flow dryer, but also the suction roll is made possible.

Aufgrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist es nicht mehr erforderlich, die noch relativ feuchte Faserstoffbahn zur Erzielung einer hinreichenden Wärmeübertragung über glatte Kontaktflächen zu führen. Infolge der Vermeidung glatter Kontaktflächen zu Beginn der Trocknung ist die Gefahr von Bahnrissen sowie eine Überdehnung der Bahnränder nahezu beseitigt. Es sind daher gemäß der Erfindung auch höhere Trocknungsraten möglich, wodurch sich die Gesamtlänge der Trockenpartie entsprechend verkürzt.Due to this configuration, it is no longer necessary to guide the still relatively moist fibrous web to achieve a sufficient heat transfer over smooth contact surfaces. Due to the avoidance of smooth contact surfaces at the beginning of drying, the risk of web breaks and overstretching of the web edges is almost eliminated. Therefore, according to the invention, higher drying rates are also possible, as a result of which the total length of the drying section is shortened accordingly.

Die durch die Prallströmungstrockner abgedeckten Saugwalzen haben eine hohe Trocknungseffizienz und sparen, während sie selber den Platz von drei hintereinander angeordneten Trockenzylindern beanspruchen, beispielsweise acht Trockenzylinder ein, so dass sich insgesamt eine Platzersparnis ergibt und die Papiermaschine eine geringere Länge hat.The suction rolls covered by the impingement flow dryers have a high drying efficiency and, while they themselves take up the space of three successively arranged drying cylinders, for example, save eight drying cylinders, so that a total saving of space results and the paper machine has a shorter length.

Die Trocknungsleistung zu Beginn des Trocknungsvorgangs ist nur noch durch eine Beeinflussung der Papierqualität begrenzt und nicht mehr durch die Bahnführung der feuchten Papierbahn. Zudem kann mit einem flexibler und schneller regelbaren Prallströmungstrockner die Papierqualität besser beeinflusst werden als mit herkömmlichen Trockenzylindern. So ist zu Beginn der Trocknungsphase mit einer gezielten Aufheizung und Trocknung insbesondere auch eine Korrektur von Feuchtequerprofilen möglich. Nachdem kein Anpressen an Heizflächen mehr erforderlich ist, kann auch eine jeweilige Querschrumpfungbehinderung besser gesteuert oder variiert werden.The drying performance at the beginning of the drying process is limited only by influencing the paper quality and no longer by the web guide of the wet paper web. In addition, the paper quality can be better influenced with a flexible and faster adjustable impingement dryer than with conventional drying cylinders. Thus, at the beginning of the drying phase with a specific heating and drying, in particular also a correction of moisture transverse profiles is possible. After pressing on heating surfaces is no longer required, a respective transverse shrinkage obstruction can be better controlled or varied.

Bevorzugt wird die Faserstoffbahn mit ihrer, einer jeweils durch die Prallströmung beaufschlagten Seite gegenüberliegenden Seite über eine offene, d. h. nicht glatte, Stützfläche geführt. Damit ist ausgeschlossen, dass die noch relativ feuchte Faserstoffbahn an der Stützfläche kleben bleibt, so dass die Gefahr von Bahnrissen sowie einer Überdehnung der Seitenränder nahezu ausgeschlossen ist.The fibrous web is preferred with its, one in each case by the impact flow beaufschlagten side opposite side over an open, ie not smooth, support surface out. This excludes that the still relatively moist fibrous web remains stuck to the support surface, so that the risk of web breaks and overstretching of the side edges is almost impossible.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass auf dem untenliegenden Prallströmungstrockner kein oder nur noch wenig Ausschuss anfällt, da Papierfetzen in eine Anordnung zum Sammeln des Ausschusses statt auf einen an der Unterseite eingangsseitig angebrachten Prallströmungstrockner fallen können, wie diese beim Stand der Technik der Fall ist, falls die Papierbahn nicht exakt am Sieb der untenliegenden Saugwalze anliegt und abgeworfen wird, beispielsweise bei einem Abriss der Papierbahn, bei Löchern in der Bahn oder beim Überführgang.A further advantage of the invention is that no or only little waste is produced on the underlying impingement-flow dryer, since scraps of paper can fall into an arrangement for collecting the reject instead of an impingement-flow dryer attached to the underside on the underside, as is the case in the prior art is, if the paper web is not exactly applied to the screen of the underlying suction roll and is dropped, for example, in a demolition of the paper web, holes in the web or the transfer passage.

Dadurch, dass bei einer aus zwei nacheinander angeordneten Saugwalzen bestehenden Anordnung statt drei, wie beim Stand der Technik, nun nur noch zwei Prallströmungstrockner angebracht sind, werden auch die Investitionskosten für einen Prallströmungstrockner eingespart, wobei gleichzeitig je Prallströmungstrockner die Leistung erhöht wird.The fact that in a two successively arranged suction rolls existing arrangement instead of three, as in the prior art, now only two impingement dryer are mounted, the investment costs for an impingement dryer are also saved, at the same time per impingement dryer, the performance is increased.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen.Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Prallströmungstrockner mit einer dem gleichzeitigen Ausdampfen dienenden Dampfabsaugung versehen. Demzufolge ist kein Wechsel zwischen dem Aufheizen und dem Ausdampfen erforderlich. Mit dem Wegfall der zusätzlichen Ausdampffläche wird die gesamte Lauflänge weiter verringert.Conveniently, the impingement flow dryer is provided with a steam evacuation which serves for the simultaneous evaporation. As a result, no change is required between the heating and the evaporation. With the elimination of the additional evaporation surface, the entire run length is further reduced.

Eine zweckmäßige Ausführung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Faserstoffbahn über mindestens zwei hintereinander angeordnete Saugwalzen geführt wird, an die jeweils ein Prallströmungstrockner angestellt ist. Bei der der mindestens einen ersten Saugwalze in Bahnlaufrichtung der Faserstoffbahn nachgeordneten mindestens einen zweiten Saugwalze wird die Faserstoffbahn von oben nach unten an den Mantel der zweiten Saugwalze herangeführt, um den unterseitigen Bereich des Mantels der zweiten Saugwalze herumgeführt und wieder von unten nach oben von dem Mantel der zweiten Saugwalze abgeführt, wobei ein zweiter Prallströmungstrockner an den unterseitigen Bereich des Mantels der Saugwalze angestellt ist.An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the Fibrous web is passed over at least two successively arranged suction rolls, to each of which an impingement dryer is employed. In the at least one first suction roll in the web running direction of the fibrous web downstream at least a second suction roll, the fibrous web is brought from top to bottom of the shell of the second suction roll, led around the lower side region of the shell of the second suction roll and again from bottom to top of the shell the second suction roll discharged, wherein a second impingement dryer is employed at the lower side region of the shell of the suction roll.

Besonders große Saugwalzen, etwa mit einem Durchmesser von wenigstens 3 m, gewährleisten eine sichere und exakte Führung bei konstantem Krümmungsradius. Da die Saugwalzen nicht als Druckbehälter ausgeführt sein müssen, können sie relativ groß sein, um eine entsprechend größere Trocknungsfläche zur Verfügung zu stellen. Der für die Saugwalzen erforderliche Unterdruck wird jeweils durch einen dichtend an die Saugwalze angestellten ortsfesten Saugkasten erzeugt.Particularly large suction rolls, for example with a diameter of at least 3 m, ensure safe and precise guidance with a constant radius of curvature. Since the suction rolls do not have to be designed as pressure vessels, they can be relatively large in order to provide a correspondingly larger drying area. The vacuum required for the suction rolls is generated in each case by a stationary suction box which is sealingly attached to the suction roll.

Erfindungsgemäß kann vorgesehen werden, dass die mindestens eine erste und zweite Saugwalze jeweils siebumschlungen sind, wobei der ersten und der zweiten Saugwalze jeweils ein eigenes Trockensieb zugeordnet ist.According to the invention, it can be provided that the at least one first and second suction rolls are each wrapped in a sieve, the first and the second suction rolls each being assigned its own drying wire.

Von Vorteil ist es auch, wenn das die zweite Saugwalze umschlingende Trockensieb anschließend wenigstens einen einzigen, höchstens aber drei durch Dampf beheizte Trockenzylinder der sich anschließenden einreihigen Trockenpartie umschlingt.It is also advantageous if the drying wire surrounding the second suction roll then wraps around at least a single, but at most three, steam-heated drying cylinders of the subsequent single-row drying section.

Vorteilhaft überdeckt der Prallströmungstrockner die mindestens eine erste Saugwalze über einen Winkel von wenigstens 80°, aber von nicht mehr als 180°, insbesondere über einen zwischen 90° und 130° liegenden Winkel.Advantageously, the impingement flow dryer covers the at least one first suction roll over an angle of at least 80 °, but not more than 180 °, in particular over an angle lying between 90 ° and 130 °.

Mit Vorteil lassen sich die Prallströmungstrockner jeweils durch eine Translations- und/oder durch eine Drehbewegung von der ersten Saugwalze bzw. der zweiten Saugwalze entfernen und wieder rückführen. Alternativ können die Prallströmungstrockner auch zwei lineare Bewegungen in verschiedene Richtungen vollziehen. Die Bewegungen werden bevorzugt zweistufig ausgeführt, jedoch sind je nach den geometrischen Gegebenheiten auch einstufige Bewegungen denkbar. Auch zum Siebwechsel werden die Prallströmungstrockner von den Saugwalzen abgehoben oder abgeschwenkt.Advantageously, the impingement flow dryers can each be removed and returned again by a translational and / or rotational movement of the first suction roll or the second suction roll. Alternatively, the impingement flow dryers can also make two linear movements in different directions. The movements are preferably carried out in two stages, but depending on the geometric conditions and single-stage movements are conceivable. Also for screen change the impingement dryer are lifted or swung from the suction rolls.

Jeder der Prallströmungstrockner weist vorteilhafterweise jeweils ein integriertes Heißluft- oder Heißdampfsystem auf.Each of the impingement flow dryers advantageously has in each case an integrated hot air or superheated steam system.

Vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn die Prallströmungstrockner jeweils einen eingebauten Brenner, insbesondere in Verbindung mit Umluftventilatoren und/oder Bypassklappen, aufweisen. Die Brenner erzeugen Temperaturen im Bereich zwischen 300° und 500°.It is also advantageous if the impingement flow dryers each have a built-in burner, in particular in conjunction with circulating air fans and / or bypass flaps. The burners produce temperatures in the range between 300 ° and 500 °.

Die Prallströmungstrockner, die auch als Impingement-Hauben bezeichnet werden, können in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung aus über ihre Breite nebeneinander angeordneten Modulen bestehen, die insbesondere eine Breite zwischen 1,5 m und 4 m haben, ganz insbesondere eine Breite zwischen 2 m und 3 m.The impingement flow dryers, which are also referred to as impingement hoods, may in an advantageous embodiment consist of modules arranged side by side over their width, which in particular have a width between 1.5 m and 4 m, in particular a width between 2 m and 3 m ,

Alle Module können auf die gleiche Weise und gemeinsam betrieben werden. Sie können jedoch auch jeweils gesondert bei verschiedenen Temperaturen, bei verschiedenen Luftgeschwindigkeiten und bei verschiedenen Feuchtegehalten betrieben werden, so der Faserstoffbahn je nach den gewählten Charakteristiken der Module ein Profil quer zur Maschinenrichtung aufgeprägt wird.All modules can be operated in the same way and together. However, they can also be operated separately at different temperatures, at different air velocities and at different moisture contents, so that the fibrous web is impressed according to the selected characteristics of the modules a profile transverse to the machine direction.

Vorteilhaft haben die Prallströmungstrockner zusammen eine Länge, so dass die auf den Umfang der Saugwalzen einwirkende Blaslänge von wenigstens 5 m beträgt. Besonders bevorzugt wird eine Blaslänge, die zwischen 8,00 m und 10,50 m liegt. Die Prallströmungstrockner werden im Anschluss an die Pressenpartie erfindungsgemäß so ausgeführt, dass sie eine Erhöhung des Trockengehalts der Faserstoffbahn zwischen 2 und 5 % erreichen.Advantageously, the impingement flow dryers together have a length such that the blow length acting on the circumference of the suction rolls is at least 5 m is. Particularly preferred is a blowing length which is between 8.00 m and 10.50 m. According to the invention, the impingement flow dryers are designed following the press section in such a way that they increase the dry content of the fibrous web by between 2 and 5%.

Mit Vorteil ist der Anordnung der Saugwalzen und der Prallströmungstrockner ein erster Trocknerbereich mit einer einreihigen Anordnung von Trockenzylindern nachgeordnet. In diesem Trocknerbereich sind mindestens zwei Stabilisatorkästen oberhalb der die Faserstoffbahn zwischen den Trockenzylindern umlenkenden Saugwalzen angeordnet. Jeder Stabilisatorkasten hat eine von einer Stabilisierzone getrennte Ablösezone im oberen Bereich des Stabilisatorkastens, in der die Faserstoffbahn von der Mantelfläche des Trockenzylinders abgelöst wird, und eine sich an die Ablösezone anschließende Stabilisier- oder Haltezone, in der die Faserstoffbahn in Richtung zu der nachfolgenden Saugwalze weitergeführt wird. In der Ablösezone wird ein stärkerer Saugdruck als in der Haltezone eingesetzt. Der Saugdruck beträgt wenigstens 700 Pa, bevorzugt mehr als 1000 Pa.The arrangement of the suction rolls and the impingement flow dryers is advantageously followed by a first drying area with a single-row arrangement of drying cylinders. In this dryer area, at least two stabilizer boxes are arranged above the suction rolls which deflect the fibrous web between the drying cylinders. Each stabilizer box has a separation zone separated from a stabilization zone in the upper region of the stabilizer box, in which the fibrous web is detached from the outer surface of the drying cylinder, and a stabilizing or holding zone adjoining the separation zone, in which the fibrous web continues in the direction of the subsequent suction roll becomes. In the separation zone, a stronger suction pressure is used than in the holding zone. The suction pressure is at least 700 Pa, preferably more than 1000 Pa.

In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dem ersten Trocknerbereich ein Aggregat zum Auftrag eines Mediums, insbesondere ein Streichaggregat, nachgeordnet.In a particular embodiment of the invention, an aggregate for applying a medium, in particular a coating unit, is arranged downstream of the first dryer area.

In einer weiteren besonderen Ausgestaltung ist dem ersten Trocknerbereich ein zweiter Trocknerbereich mit einer einreihigen oder einer zweireihigen Anordnung von Trockenzylindern nachgeordnet. Der zweite Trocknerbereich kann auch teilweise einreihig und teilweise zweireihig mit Trockenzylindern ausgestattet sein.In a further particular embodiment, the first dryer area is followed by a second dryer area with a single-row or a double-row arrangement of drying cylinders. The second dryer area can also be partially single-row and partially double-row equipped with drying cylinders.

Mit Vorteil wird auch vorgesehen, dass die Trockenpartie mindestens zwei in dem einreihigen Trocknerbereich angeordnete Stabilisatorkästen zur Erzeugung einer Saugwirkung auf die Faserstoffbahn umfasst.Advantageously, it is also provided that the dryer section comprises at least two stabilizer boxes arranged in the single-row dryer area for producing a suction effect on the fibrous web.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf eine Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn, in der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen wird, dass die Maschine einen Stoffauflauf mit einer in Zonen geregelten Zuführeinrichtung für Verdünnungswasser umfasst.The invention also relates to a machine for producing a fibrous web, according to the invention, in which the machine comprises a headbox with a zoned dilution water supply device.

In der Siebpartie kann vorteilhafterweise ein Doppelsiebformer (Gapformer) mit zwei Sieben zum Einsatz kommen.In the wire section advantageously a twin-wire former (gap former) with two screens can be used.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Maschine ist eine Pressenpartie mit einem einzigen von einer Presswalze in Verbindung mit einer Schuhpresswalze gebildeten Saugnip vorhanden. In einer anderen Ausgestaltung einer Pressenpartie sind zwei hintereinander angeordnete Pressnips vorgesehen, in der jeweils eine Presswalze mit einer Schuhpresswalze zusammenwirkt. Der erste Pressnip kann in diesem Fall auch von zwei miteinander zusammenwirkenden Presswalzen gebildet sein. Sofern eine Presswalze zusammen mit einer Schuhpresswalze einen Pressnip bildet, ist die Presswalze vorzugsweise unten angeordnet. Mindestens eine der Presswalzen ist vorzugsweise als Saugpresswalze ausgebildet.In an advantageous embodiment of the machine, a press section is provided with a single suction nip formed by a press roll in conjunction with a shoe press roll. In another embodiment of a press section two press nips arranged one behind the other are provided, in each of which a press roll cooperates with a shoe press roll. The first press nip can also be formed in this case by two interacting press rolls. If a press roll forms a press nip together with a shoe press roll, the press roll is preferably arranged at the bottom. At least one of the press rolls is preferably designed as a suction press roll.

Von Vorteil ist es, wenn die Pressenpartie mindestens ein Transferband umfasst.It is advantageous if the press section comprises at least one transfer belt.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildung der Erfindung umfasst die Maschine ein Streichaggregat für einen beidseitigen Filmstrich auf die Faserstoffbahn.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the machine comprises a coating unit for a two-sided film coating on the fibrous web.

Ebenso kann zur Glättung der Faserstoffbahn mit Vorteil wenigstens ein, ein einziges Walzenpaar aufweisender Kalander nach der Trockenpartie angeordnet werden. Bevorzugt werden zwei, insbesondere nacheinander angeordnete, Kalander mit jeweils einem Walzenpaar.Likewise, for smoothing the fibrous web, at least one calender having a single pair of rolls can advantageously be arranged after the drying section become. Preference is given to two, in particular successively arranged, calender, each with a pair of rollers.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Maschine zur Herstellung der Faserstoffbahn in ihrer Pressenpartie Filze und/oder Transferbänder auf, durch die die Faserstoffbahn ständig gestützt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the machine for producing the fibrous web in its press section felts and / or transfer belts through which the fibrous web is constantly supported.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Trockenpartie in einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Papier-, Karton-, Tissue- oder einer anderen Faserstoffbahn mit mindestens einer innerhalb der Trockenpartie angeordneten ersten Saugwalze, um die die Faserstoffbahn von oben nach unten an den Mantel der ersten Saugwalze herangeführt wird, um den unterseitigen Bereich des Mantels der ersten Saugwalze herumgeführt wird und wieder von unten nach oben von dem Mantel der ersten Saugwalze abgeführt wird, wobei ein erster Prallströmungstrockner an den unterseitigen Bereich des Mantels der Saugwalze angestellt wird, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer der oben aufgeführten Ausgestaltungen. In äquivalenter Weise kann die Faserstoffbahn auch von unten nach oben um die erste Saugwalze, dann über deren oberseitigen Bereich und dann wieder von oben nach unten herumgeführt werden.The invention also relates to a method for operating a dryer section in a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web having at least one inside the dryer section arranged first suction roll to which the fibrous web from top to bottom of the Mantle of the first suction roll is guided around the underside region of the shell of the first suction roll and is discharged again from bottom to top of the shell of the first suction roll, wherein a first impingement dryer is made to the lower side region of the shell of the suction roll, in particular Compound with one of the above-mentioned embodiments. Equivalently, the fibrous web can also be guided from bottom to top around the first suction roll, then over its top region and then again from top to bottom.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faserstoffbahn beim Einlaufen in die Trockenpartie einen Einlauftrockengehalt von weniger als 75 % hat.According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the fibrous web has a shrinkage dry content of less than 75% when entering the dryer section.

Ebenso bezieht sich die Erfindung auch auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Trockenpartie in einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Papier-, Karton-, Tissue- oder einer anderen Faserstoffbahn mit mindestens einer nach der Pressenpartie angeordneten ersten Saugwalze, um die die Faserstoffbahn von unten nach oben bzw. von oben nach unten an den Mantel der ersten Saugwalze herangeführt wird, um den oberseitigen bzw. den unterseitigen Bereich des Mantels der ersten Saugwalze herumgeführt wird und wieder oben nach unten bzw. von unten nach oben von dem Mantel der ersten Saugwalze abgeführt wird, wobei ein erster Prallströmungstrockner an den oberseitigen bzw. den unterseitigen Bereich des Mantels der ersten Saugwalze angestellt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faserstoffbahn beim Einlaufen in den ersten Prallströmungstrockner einen Trockengehalt von weniger als 56 %, bevorzugt von weniger als 53 %, hat.Likewise, the invention also relates to a method for operating a dryer section in a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web with at least one arranged after the press section first suction roll to which the fibrous web from bottom to top or is brought from top to bottom of the jacket of the first suction roll to the top or the lower side region of the shell of the first Suction roll is guided around and is again discharged from top to bottom or from bottom to top of the jacket of the first suction roll, wherein a first impingement dryer on the top or the lower side of the jacket of the first suction roller is employed. This method is inventively characterized in that the fibrous web has a solids content of less than 56%, preferably less than 53%, when entering the first impingement flow dryer.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann mit Vorteil auch vorgesehen werden, dass die Maschine bei der Herstellung einer holzfreien Papierbahn mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 800 m/min, insbesondere mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 1100 m/min, und bei der Herstellung einer holzhaltigen Papierbahn mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 1200 m/min, insbesondere mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mehr als 1600 m/min, betrieben wird.In a method according to the invention can also be advantageously provided that the machine in the production of a wood-free paper web at a speed of more than 800 m / min, in particular at a speed of more than 1100 m / min, and in the production of a wood-containing paper web at a speed of more than 1200 m / min, in particular at a speed of more than 1600 m / min., Operated.

Mit Vorteil werden die Prallströmungstrockner während des Überführens einer Faserstoffbahn, während eines Siebwechsels oder zu Wartungsarbeiten von den Saugwalzen abgehoben und/oder abgeschwenkt.Advantageously, the impingement flow dryers are lifted and / or pivoted away from the suction rolls during the transfer of a fibrous web, during a screen change or for maintenance work.

Während des Überführens werden zusätzliche Abdeckungen auf den Prallströmungstrocknern, wenigstens auf dem unteren Prallströmungstrockner, aufgebracht, um zu verhindern, dass der Überführstreifen oder Teile des Überführstreifens im Falle eines Abrisses auf den bereits heiße Luft erzeugenden Prallströmungstrockner fallen und sich entzünden. Nach Beendigung des Überführvorgangs werden die Abdeckungen von den Prallströmungstrocknern abgezogen, damit deren volle Heizleistung auf die Faserstoffbahn einwirkt.During transfer, additional covers are applied to the impingement flow dryers, at least on the lower impingement flow dryer, to prevent the transfer strip or portions of the transfer strip from dropping and igniting on the impingement air dryer already producing hot air in the event of a break. After completion of the transfer operation, the covers are removed from the impingement flow dryers, so that their full heating power acts on the fibrous web.

Während des Überführens oder während der Wartung, also außerhalb des Betriebs zur Herstellung der Faserstoffbahn, wird der Prallströmungstrockner, d. h. dessen Luftaustrittsfläche, auf einen Abstand von mindestens 200 mm, bevorzugt von wenigstens 500 mm, in Bezug auf die Mantelfläche der Saugwalze gebracht.During the transfer or during maintenance, ie outside the plant for producing the fibrous web, the impingement flow dryer, ie its air outlet surface, at a distance of at least 200 mm, preferably of at least 500 mm, brought in relation to the lateral surface of the suction roll.

Bei diesem Verfahren zum Abstellen der Prallströmungstrockner werden diese bevorzugt durch eine zweistufige Bewegung von den Saugwalzen abgehoben, wobei die Translationsbewegung und die Drehbewegung getrennt nacheinander durchgeführt werden. Jedoch kann auch die Reihenfolge der Translations- und der Drehbewegung in einer Ausführungsform der Bewegungsvorrichtung geändert werden.In this method for stopping the impingement flow dryers, these are preferably lifted by a two-stage movement of the suction rolls, wherein the translational movement and the rotational movement are carried out separately in succession. However, the order of translational and rotational movement may also be changed in one embodiment of the moving device.

Bei einem weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird der erste, an der mindestens einen ersten Saugwalze anliegende Prallströmungstrockner derart von dieser abgezogen, dass auf der Oberfläche des Prallströmungstrockners liegende Reste der Faserstoffbahn oder sonstige Verunreinigungen nach unten, beispielsweise in einen neben dem Prallströmungstrockner angeordneten Schacht, gleiten oder fallen.In a further method according to the invention, the first impingement flow dryer applied to the at least one first suction roll is withdrawn therefrom in such a way that residues of the fibrous web or other impurities lying on the surface of the impingement flow dryer slide downwards or, for example, into a shaft arranged next to the impingement flow dryer ,

Nach Beendigung der Wartungsarbeiten, nach einem Überführvorgang, einem Siebwechsel werden die Prallströmungstrockner wieder auf einen Betriebsabstand von wenigstens 20 bis 60 mm, insbesondere von 30 bis 50 mm, an die Mantelflächen der Saugwalzen herangeführt.After completion of the maintenance work, after a transfer operation, a screen change the impingement flow dryers are again brought to an operating distance of at least 20 to 60 mm, in particular from 30 to 50 mm, to the lateral surfaces of the suction rolls.

Insbesondere für die Herstellung einer holzfreien, oberflächenbehandelten Papierbahn, beispielsweise für Kopierpapier, wird mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass die Faserstoffbahn über die gesamte Länge der Pressenpartie durch Filze und/oder Transferbänder gestützt geführt wird. Dadurch hat die Faserstoffbahn keinen direkten Kontakt mit einer glatten Walzenoberfläche und wird ohne freien Zug in die Trockenpartie überführt.In particular for the production of a wood-free, surface-treated paper web, for example for copy paper, it is advantageously provided that the fibrous web is guided supported by felts and / or transfer belts over the entire length of the press section. As a result, the fibrous web has no direct contact with a smooth roll surface and is transferred without free draw in the dryer section.

Mit Vorteil wird hierbei die Faserstoffbahn in der Pressenpartie beidseitig durch die Filze oder auf der einen Seite durch einen Filz und auf der anderen Seite durch ein Transportband gestützt.Advantageously, in this case the fibrous web is supported in the press section on both sides by the felts or on one side by a felt and on the other side by a conveyor belt.

Mit Vorteil wird auch vorgesehen, dass die jeweils untere Presswalze besaugt ist.Advantageously, it is also provided that the respective lower pressure roller is evacuated.

Durch die Erfindung wird beim Vorhandensein von zwei oder mehr Pressnips eine Betriebsgeschwindigkeit von mehr als 1100 m/min ermöglicht. Sofern nur ein einziger Pressnip, vorzugsweise ein zwischen einer Schuhpresswalze und einer Presswalze gebildeter Nip, vorhanden ist, beträgt die Betriebsgeschwindigkeit wenigstens 800 m/min.The invention enables an operating speed of more than 1100 m / min in the presence of two or more press nips. If only a single press nip, preferably a nip formed between a shoe press roll and a press roll, is present, the operating speed is at least 800 m / min.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung in Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Saugwalze in einer Trocknerpartie in Verbindung mit einem Prallströmungstrockner,
Fig. 2
zwei hintereinander angeordnete Saugwalzen in Verbindung mit zwei Prallströmungstrocknern,
Fig. 3
die Saugwalzen gemäß Fig. 2, wobei der an die zweite Saugwalze angestellte Prallströmungstrockner durch zwei Linearbewegungen von der zweiten Saugwalze abstellbar ist, und
Fig. 4
die Saugwalzen gemäß Fig. 2, wobei der an die zweite Saugwalze angestellte Prallströmungstrockner durch eine Linearbewegung und eine Drehbewegung von der zweiten Saugwalze abstellbar ist.
The invention will be explained in more detail in exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a suction roll in a dryer section in conjunction with an impingement flow dryer,
Fig. 2
two successively arranged suction rolls in conjunction with two impingement flow dryers,
Fig. 3
the suction rolls according to Fig. 2 , Wherein the impinged to the second suction roll impingement dryer can be switched off by two linear movements of the second suction roll, and
Fig. 4
the suction rolls according to Fig. 2 in which the impact air dryer attached to the second suction roll can be turned off by a linear movement and a rotational movement of the second suction roll.

Eine Saugwalze 1 (Fig. 1) ist nach einer Pressenpartie einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn 2 am Eingang einer Trockenpartie angeordnet. Über eine erste Umlenkwalze 3 wird die Faserstoffbahn 2 zusammen mit einem Transferband oder einem Trockensieb nach unten um den Mantel der Saugwalze 1 herumgeführt und über eine weitere Umlenkwalze 4 nach oben weitergeführt. Zwischen den Umlenkwalzen 3, 4 ist ein Stabilisator 5 oberhalb der Saugwalze 1 positioniert, der den nötigen Unterdruck liefert, damit die Saugwalze 1 die Faserstoffbahn 2 auf ihrer Mantelfläche durch das Trockensieb hindurch ansaugen kann.A suction roll 1 ( Fig. 1 ) is arranged after a press section of a machine for producing a fibrous web 2 at the entrance of a dryer section. About a first guide roller 3, the fibrous web 2 is guided together with a transfer belt or a drying wire down to the shell of the suction roll 1 and continued over a further guide roller 4 upwards. Between the guide rollers 3, 4, a stabilizer 5 is positioned above the suction roll 1, which provides the necessary negative pressure, so that the suction roll 1, the fibrous web 2 can suck on its lateral surface through the dryer fabric through.

Auf der Unterseite der Saugwalze 1 ist auch ein Prallströmungstrockner 6 angeordnet, der im wesentlichen den - in Bahnlaufrichtung betrachtet - ausgangsseitigen unteren Quadranten der Saugwalze 1 überdeckt und die Faserstoffbahn 2 trocknet.On the underside of the suction roll 1 and a impingement dryer 6 is arranged, which essentially covers the - viewed in the web running direction - output side lower quadrant of the suction roll 1 and the fibrous web 2 dries.

Üblicherweise werden in einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn 2 zwei hintereinander angeordnete Saugwalzen 7, 8 (Fig. 2) eingesetzt, an die jeweils Prallströmungstrockner 9, 10 angestellt sind.Usually, in a machine for producing a fibrous web 2, two suction rolls 7, 8 arranged one behind the other are arranged (FIG. Fig. 2 ) used, to which each impingement dryer 9, 10 are employed.

Eine Faserstoffbahn 11 wird, von einer Pressenpartie kommend, von einem Filz 12 gestützt. Von diesem wird sie durch eine mit einer Saugzone ausgestattete Walze 13 abgeführt, wobei über die Walze 13 zusätzlich ein Trockensieb 14, auf dem Walzenmantel der Walze 13 aufliegend, geführt wird. Das Trockensieb 14 wird, nachdem es gemeinsam mit der Faserstoffbahn 11 um die Walze 13 herumgelaufen ist, anschließend nach oben herausgeführt.A fibrous web 11, coming from a press section, is supported by a felt 12. From this it is discharged through a suction zone equipped with a roller 13, wherein over the roller 13 in addition a drying wire 14, resting on the roll shell of the roller 13, is guided. The drying wire 14, after it has passed around the roller 13 together with the fibrous web 11, then led out upwards.

Von der Walze 13 wird die Faserstoffbahn 11 auf die Saugwalze 7 überführt, während gleichzeitig ein Trockensieb 15 von unten zwischen der Faserstoffbahn 11 und dem Mantel der Saugwalze 7 gemeinsam mit der Faserstoffbahn 11 um die Saugwalze 7 herumgeführt wird, so dass die Faserstoffbahn 11 im Sandwich zwischen den Trockensieben 14, 15 auf die Mantelfläche der Saugwalze 7 übergeben wird. Zwischen Walzen 16, 17 wird das Trockensieb 15 wieder nach unten zurückgeführt. Das Trockensieb 15 umschlingt somit einen großen Bereich des Umfangs der Saugwalze 7.From the roller 13, the fibrous web 11 is transferred to the suction roll 7, while at the same time a drying wire 15 is guided from below between the fibrous web 11 and the shell of the suction roll 7 together with the fibrous web 11 around the suction roll 7, so that the fibrous web 11 in the sandwich between the drying screens 14, 15 is transferred to the outer surface of the suction roller 7. Between rollers 16, 17, the drying wire 15 is returned back down. The drying wire 15 thus wraps around a large portion of the circumference of the suction roll 7.

Ferner ist an der Unterseite der Saugwalze 7 ein Saugkasten 18 angeordnet, in dem der für die Saugwalze 7 erforderliche Unterdruck erzeugt wird. Auf der Oberseite der Saugwalze 7 ist der Prallströmungstrockner 9 angeordnet, der einen Bereich von etwa einem Drittel der Manteloberfläche der Saugwalze 7 überdeckt und die Faserstoffbahn 11 trocknet.Further, a suction box 18 is disposed on the underside of the suction roll 7, in which the vacuum required for the suction roll 7 is generated. On the upper side of the suction roll 7, the impingement flow dryer 9 is arranged, which covers a region of about one third of the mantle surface of the suction roll 7 and dries the fibrous web 11.

Von der Saugwalze 7 wird die Faserstoffbahn 11 auf ein Trockensieb 19 und in Richtung zu der zweiten Saugwalze 8 angesaugt, wobei das Trockensieb 19 auf der Manteloberfläche der Saugwalze 8 aufliegt, während die Faserstoffbahn 11 um die Saugwalze 8 herumgeführt wird. Der Unterdruck der Saugwalze 8 wird in einem Saugkasten 20 erzeugt.From the suction roll 7, the fibrous web 11 is sucked onto a drying wire 19 and toward the second suction roll 8, wherein the drying wire 19 rests on the mantle surface of the suction roll 8, while the fibrous web 11 is guided around the suction roll 8. The negative pressure of the suction roller 8 is generated in a suction box 20.

An die Saugwalze 8 ist der Prallströmungstrockner 10 im unteren bahnauslaufseitigen Quadranten über einen Winkel von beispielsweise 120° an der Mantelfläche der Saugwalze 8 angeordnet, um die Faserstoffbahn 11 weiter zu trocknen.To the suction roll 8, the impingement flow dryer 10 is arranged in the lower web outlet side quadrant over an angle of for example 120 ° to the lateral surface of the suction roll 8, to further dry the fibrous web 11.

Unmittelbar an die Saugwalze 8 schließt sich ein Trockenzylinder 21 eines einreihigen Trocknerbereiches an, in dem die Trocknung der Faserstoffbahn 11 fortgesetzt wird. Über diesen wird das Trockensieb 19 weitergeführt. Das Trockensieb 19 kann auch über zwei weitere, in Bahnlaufrichtung nachfolgende Trockenzylinder weiterlaufen.Immediately adjacent to the suction roll 8 is a drying cylinder 21 of a single-row dryer area, in which the drying of the fibrous web 11 is continued. About this, the drying wire 19 is continued. The drying wire 19 can also continue to run over two further drying cylinders following in the web running direction.

Für Reinigungs- und Wartungsarbeiten, aber auch für das Überführen der Faserstoffbahn 11 (Fig. 3) ist wenigstens der Prallströmungstrockner 10 von der Mantelfläche der Saugwalze 8 weiter abstellbar. Hierzu wird der Prallströmungstrockner 10 zunächst in einer linearen Bewegung schräg nach unten in Richtung eines Pfeils A und anschließend in einer weiteren linearen Bewegung in Richtung eines Pfeils B senkrecht nach unten bewegt.For cleaning and maintenance work, but also for the transfer of the fibrous web 11 ( Fig. 3 ) is at least the impingement dryer 10 from the outer surface of the suction roll 8 further off. For this purpose, the impingement flow dryer 10 is first moved in a linear movement obliquely downward in the direction of an arrow A and then in a further linear movement in the direction of an arrow B vertically downward.

In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des Bewegungsmechanismus wird die Faserstoffbahn 11 (Fig. 4) zunächst wieder in einer Linearbewegung schräg nach unten von der Mantelfläche der Saugwalze 8 entfernt. Anschließend wird die Faserstoffbahn 11 durch eine Drehbewegung um einen Drehpunkt C in Richtung eines Pfeils D weggedreht.In an alternative embodiment of the movement mechanism, the fibrous web 11 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) initially again in a linear movement obliquely downward from the lateral surface of the suction roller 8. Subsequently, the fibrous web 11 is rotated away by a rotational movement about a pivot point C in the direction of an arrow D.

Nach Beendigung der Wartungsarbeiten oder nach Beendigung des Überführvorgangs wird der Prallströmungstrockner 10 in der umgekehrten Reihenfolge der Bewegungen wieder in Richtung zu der Mantelfläche der Saugwalze 8 zurückgefahren, so dass der Prallströmungstrockner zu dieser wieder einen Abstand von wenigstens 200 mm hat.After completion of the maintenance work or after completion of the transfer operation of the impingement dryer 10 is moved back in the reverse order of the movements back towards the lateral surface of the suction roll 8, so that the impingement flow dryer again to this has a distance of at least 200 mm.

Claims (30)

  1. Drying section for a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or other fibrous web (11), having at least one first suction roll (7), around which the fibrous web (11) can be led from bottom to top to the shell of the first suction roll (7), can be led around the upper side region of the shell of the first suction roll (7) and can be led away again from top to bottom from the shell of the first suction roll (7), a first impingement dryer (9) being set against the shell of the suction roll (7) and substantially covering the upper region of the first suction roll (7), and the at least one second suction roll (8) being arranged before or after the at least one first suction roll (7) in the web running direction of the fibrous web (11), it being possible for the fibrous web (11) to be led from top to bottom to the shell of the second suction roll (8), to be led around the underside region of the shell of the second suction roll (8) and to be led away again from bottom to top from the shell of the second suction roll (8), a second impingement dryer (10) being set against the second suction roll (8), characterized in that the second impingement dryer (10) is set against the second suction roll (8) as the only one and is arranged substantially only in the lower quadrant on the outlet side of the second suction roll (8).
  2. Drying section according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one first and second suction roll (1; 7, 8) are in each case designed to have a fabric wrapped around them, the first and the second suction roll (1; 7, 8) in each case being assigned their own drying fabric (15, 19).
  3. Drying section according to Claim 2, characterized in that the drying fabric (19) wrapping around the second suction roll (8) subsequently wraps around at least one single drying cylinder (21), but at most three drying cylinders (21), heated by steam.
  4. Drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the impingement dryer (6; 9, 10) covers the at least one suction roll (1; 7, 8) over an angle of at least 80° but of no more than 180°, in particular over an angle lying between 90° and 130°.
  5. Drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and the second impingement dryer (9, 10) is arranged such that it can be removed from the first suction roll (7) and the second suction roll (8), respectively, by means of a translational and/or by means of a rotational movement.
  6. Drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the impingement dryers (6; 9, 10) in each case have an integrated hot-air or hot-steam system.
  7. Drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the impingement dryers (6; 9, 10) in each case have an incorporated burner, in particular in conjunction with recirculated-air fans and/or bypass valves.
  8. Drying section according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the impingement dryers (6; 9, 10) comprise modules arranged beside one another over their width, which in particular have a width between 1.5 m and 4 m, quite particularly a width between 2 m and 3 m.
  9. Drying section according to Claim 8, characterized in that the temperature, the air velocity and/or the moisture content of the modules can in each case be set individually.
  10. Drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the impingement dryers (9, 10) together have a blowing length acting on the circumference of the suction rolls (7, 8) of at least 5 m, in particular of 8.00 m to 10.50 m.
  11. Drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a first single-row dryer region having a single row of drying cylinders is arranged after the first and the second suction roll (7, 8) and the impingement dryers (9, 10) set against them.
  12. Drying section according to Claim 11, characterized in that a unit for applying a medium, in particular a coating unit, is arranged after the first dryer region.
  13. Drying section according to one of Claims 11 to 12, characterized in that a second dryer region having a two-row arrangement of drying cylinders is arranged after the first, single-row dryer region arranged after the suction roll (1) or the suction rolls (7, 8).
  14. Drying section according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the drying section comprises at least two stabilizer boxes arranged in the single-row dryer region with in each case one separation zone separated from a stabilizing zone in the upper region of the stabilizer box to produce a suction action on the fibrous web (2, 11).
  15. Drying section according to Claim 14, characterized in that the stabilizer boxes in the separation zone exert a vacuum of at least 700 Pa, in particular of more than 1000 Pa, on the fibrous web.
  16. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11), having a drying section according to one of Claims 1 to 15.
  17. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to Claim 16, characterized in that the machine comprises a flow box with a feed device regulated in zones for dilution water.
  18. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to Claims 16 or 17, in particular according to Claim 19, characterized in that the machine comprises a wire section having a twin-wire former (gap former).
  19. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to one of Claims 16 to 18, in particular according to Claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the machine has a press section with a single press nip comprising a press roll and a shoe press roll.
  20. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to one of Claims 16 to 18, in particular according to Claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the machine has a press section with at least two press nips arranged one after the other, each press nip comprising two rolls in each case.
  21. Machine according to Claim 20, characterized in that at least the second and/or one of the following press nips is formed by a press roll and a shoe press roll, in particular the press roll being arranged at the bottom and the shoe press roll at the top.
  22. Machine according to one of Claims 19 to 21, characterized in the at least one press roll is constructed as a suction press roll.
  23. Machine according to one of Claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the press section comprises at least one transfer belt.
  24. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to one of Claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the machine comprises a coating unit for film coating on both sides of the fibrous web (2, 11).
  25. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to one of Claims 16 to 24, characterized in that the machine comprises at least one calender having a single pair of rolls, preferably two calenders, in particular arranged one after the other.
  26. Machine for producing a fibrous web (2, 11) according to one of Claims 16 to 25, characterized in that, over the entire length of the press section, there are felts and/or transfer belts, by which the fibrous web (2, 11) is guided and supported over the entire length of the press section.
  27. Method for operating a drying section according to Claim 1, in a machine for producing a paper, board, tissue or another fibrous web (11), having a first and a second suction roll (7, 8), arranged after the press section, around which the fibrous web (11) is led from bottom to top or from top to bottom to the shell of the first and the second suction roll (7, 8), respectively, is led around the upper side or the underside region of the shell of the first and of the second suction roll (7, 8), respectively, and is led away again from top to bottom or from bottom to top from the shell of the first and of the second suction roll (7, 8), respectively, at least one first impingement dryer (9) being set against the upper side or the underside region of the shell of the first suction roll and a single impingement dryer (10) being set against the underside, outlet-side region of the shell of the first and of the second suction roll (7, 9), an impingement dryer (6), during the transfer of a fibrous web (11), during a fabric change or during maintenance work, preferably at least the impingement dryer (10) set against the underside region of the first or of the second suction roll (7, 8), is lifted off and/or pivoted away from the suction rolls (7, 8), a distance of at least 200 mm, preferably of at least 500 mm, being set between the circumferential surface of the suction roll (7, 8) and the air outlet surface of the impingement dryer (9, 10) facing it.
  28. Method according to Claim 27, characterized in that the at least one impingement dryer (6; 9, 10) is lifted off the suction roll (1; 7, 8) by means of a two-stage movement, a translational movement and a rotational movement or two translational movements oriented in different directions being carried out separately one after the other.
  29. Method according to Claim 28, characterized in that an impingement dryer (6, 10) resting on an underside of a suction roll (1; 8) is withdrawn from the latter to the extent that residues of the fibrous web (2, 11) or contaminants lying on the upper side of the impingement dryer (6, 10) slide downwards.
  30. Method according to one of Claims 27 to 29, characterized in that, after a transfer operation, a fabric change or after maintenance work has been carried out, the air outlet surface of the first impingement dryer (6; 9) and of a second impingement dryer (10) is brought up into the operating position at a distance of 20 to 60 mm, in particular of 30 to 50 mm, against the circumferential surface of the suction roll (1; 7, 8).
EP05102221A 2004-05-07 2005-03-21 Drying section for machine for producing a fibrous web Not-in-force EP1593776B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102004023321 2004-05-07
DE102004023321A DE102004023321A1 (en) 2004-05-07 2004-05-07 Drying section in a machine for producing a fibrous web

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EP1593776B1 true EP1593776B1 (en) 2009-06-17

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JP5319044B2 (en) * 2004-10-20 2013-10-16 大王製紙株式会社 Coated paper manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment
JP5319045B2 (en) * 2004-10-20 2013-10-16 大王製紙株式会社 Coated paper manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment
DE102007021879A1 (en) 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Voith Patent Gmbh Pressing arrangement for e.g. paper web producing machine, has transfer band for transferring fibrous web between pressing nips, where band is formed by transfer filter band with permeability in range of preset cubic feet per minute
DE102007024811A1 (en) 2007-05-26 2008-11-27 Voith Patent Gmbh Press unit of machine useful for production and/or handling of paper- or cardboard runs avoids some drawbacks of previous units, e.g. decreased paper or cardboard bending resistance and decreased paper volume due to high press pressure
KR101260677B1 (en) 2012-09-05 2013-05-22 대양제지공업(주) Paper machine of dual drying system
US10317138B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2019-06-11 Westmill Industries Ltd. Baffle systems and methods of replacing baffle seal strips
DE102015223660A1 (en) * 2015-11-30 2017-06-01 Voith Patent Gmbh DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FIBROUS WEB

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FI116731B (en) * 2001-06-26 2006-02-15 Metso Paper Inc Blowing device in a drying section of a paper machine or equivalent

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DE502005007485D1 (en) 2009-07-30
EP1593776A1 (en) 2005-11-09
ATE434080T1 (en) 2009-07-15
JP2005320674A (en) 2005-11-17

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