EP1593220A1 - Generation de code de brouillage pour communications umts - Google Patents
Generation de code de brouillage pour communications umtsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1593220A1 EP1593220A1 EP04707559A EP04707559A EP1593220A1 EP 1593220 A1 EP1593220 A1 EP 1593220A1 EP 04707559 A EP04707559 A EP 04707559A EP 04707559 A EP04707559 A EP 04707559A EP 1593220 A1 EP1593220 A1 EP 1593220A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- code
- pseudo
- generator
- generation
- state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/10—Code generation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
- G06F7/582—Pseudo-random number generators
- G06F7/584—Pseudo-random number generators using finite field arithmetic, e.g. using a linear feedback shift register
Definitions
- the present invention relates in one way . general the generation of codes to encode digital data signals to be transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver in a digital telecommunications system.
- the invention relates to multiple access communications distributed by CDMA codes (Coded Division Multiple Access) between a base station and a mobile radiotelephone in a third generation digital cellular radiotelephone system (3GPP) of the UMTS type.
- 3GPP third generation digital cellular radiotelephone system
- the generation of codes according to the invention relates more particularly to scrambling or descrambling codes for communications in FDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex) or in TDD mode (Time Division Duplex), also both for a downlink from a base station to a mobile radiotelephone and for an uplink from a mobile radiotelephone to a base station.
- the channel code constitutes a sequence of code elements associated with each complex symbol of data to be transmitted.
- the length of each channel code called the spreading factor (Spreading Factor) is equal to a power of 2 and between 4 and 512, and varies in the base station in particular depending on the data rate which is variable. from one user to another.
- a scrambling code generator is arranged following a turbocoder, a channel interleaver, a QPSK four-state phase modulator producing complex symbols, and a channel code generator (spreader) device which applies two parallel data signals composed of code elements (chips) respectively for the real and imaginary components of complex symbols.
- the scrambling of a data signal is intended to give a pseudo-random character to the data to be transmitted so that the transmitted data signal does not contain a long sequence of "0" or "1", by long sequence occurrence of a symbol component according to a bipolar non-return to zero coding "-1" or "+1".
- the scrambled data signal is then applied to a suitable shaping filter, then amplified and transposed in frequency in an output stage of the transmitter in the base station.
- a code generator for FDD downlink interference includes two pseudo-random generators with synchronous clocks GX and GY shown in Figure 1.
- LFSR linear loopback shift register
- the XOR FX gate has two inputs connected to outputs of stages X0 to X7 as intermediate taps of the first shift register.
- the XOR FY gate has four inputs respectively connected to intermediate sockets relating to stages Y0, Y5, Y7 and Y10 of the second register, and an output connected to the input of the most significant stage Y17 of the second register RY.
- the least significant stage Y0 of the second register has an output constituting that of the second register.
- a code generated by the first or second register has a
- the scrambling code generator is a Gold code generator since it comprises at least one logic combinational circuit PI, or PQ-PX-PY combining outputs of the stages of the two shift registers similarly length, in particular by means of XOR gate (s), that is to say Modulo 2 addition (s).
- the first logic combinational circuit comprises an XOR PI gate having two inputs connected respectively to the outputs of the least significant stages X0 and Y0 of the first and second shift registers to produce the binary real part of a scrambling code symbol zl n to scramble the real part Dl of a complex data symbol (Dl + j DQ) using a complex symbol multiplier MU producing a real part of scrambled symbol SIB n .
- the second logic combinational circuit comprises an XOR PX gate having three inputs connected to stages X4, X ⁇ and X15 of the first register, an XOR PY gate having ten inputs connected respectively to stages Y5, Y6 and Y8 to Y15 of the second register, and a gate XOR PQ having two inputs connected to the outputs of the PX and PY gates.
- the output of the gate PQ provides the binary imaginary part of a scrambling code symbol zQ n for scrambling the imaginary part DQ of a complex data symbol by means of the multiplier MU producing the imaginary part SQB n of a scrambled symbol whose real part SIB n is also provided by the multiplier.
- the subscript i denotes the rank of a symbol of a scrambling code and is between 0 and theoretically 2 -2.
- PI is converted into a real sequence in a binary-bipolar CI converter producing the following bipolar sequence:
- the scrambling code is generated continuously by the scrambling code generator shown in Figure 1 in response to I clock pulses applied to the pseudo-random generators GX and GY from their initial states defined above.
- the real and imaginary parts of the I complex scrambling code symbols are stored in buffer memories MI and MQ included in the scrambling generator.
- the permanently stored scrambling symbols are waiting to scramble the real and imaginary parts of the data symbols Dl and DQ through the complex symbol multiplier MU according to the relation: (ZI n (i) + j ZQ n (i) ) (DI (i) + j DQ (i)).
- the global memory MI-MQ must have a very high capacity so as to store the scrambling codes each with I symbols before any scrambling with this code.
- the MI-MQ memory required by the generation of prior and continuous scrambling code therefore has a very high capacity and accentuates the complexity and the cost of exchanges at the transmission interface in the base station.
- the generation and storage of scrambling codes before their use is all the more expensive since very often the same portion of scrambling code corresponding to a time interval (timeslot) containing 2560 data symbols can be used. several times.
- the MI-MQ storage memory therefore provides the same 2560 interfering elements several times complex which results in a considerable consumption of electrical energy to always reproduce the same interference operation.
- the objective of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art by clearly reducing the storage memory capacity for generating a scrambling code.
- a device for generating an I-bit code designated by a code number comprises a first pseudo-random generator. It is characterized according to the invention in that it comprises an initialization means for putting the first pseudo-random generator to a predetermined state depending on the code number, prior to any generation of the I-bit code so as to store the predetermined state in an initialization memory and a first state memory, means for restoring a state saved in the first memory to the first pseudo-random generator before any generation of one of M sub-codes at I / M elements making up the code, an activation means for activating I / M shifts in the first pseudo-random generator from the restored state in order to generate a sub-code with I / M elements, means for saving the state of the first pseudo-random generator in the first state memory after generation of a sub-code preceding generation of a next sub-code, and means for transferring the predetermined state é from the initialization memory in the first pseudo-random generator at the start of each subsequent generation of the code.
- the device according to the invention can be used to generate several different scrambling codes.
- the distinction between codes can be obtained by the initialization means which activates a number of shifts in the first pseudo-random generator equal to the code number from an initial state of the first pseudo-random generator independent of the code number in order to set the predetermined state this one.
- the code generation device generates pairs of code elements to constitute complex symbols.
- the device then comprises a second pseudo-random generator having a looped shift register which is the length of a looped shift register contained in the first pseudo-random generator, which is paced in synchronism with the first pseudo-random generator to be activated for I / M shifts by the activation means, and whose outputs are combined with outputs of the first pseudo-random generator to generate I / M scrambling sub-codes with complex symbols.
- a second state memory analogous to the first state memory is associated with the second generator.
- the second state memory stores a second predetermined state prior to any generation of the code, saves the state of the second pseudo-random generator after a generation of scrambling sub-code preceding a generation of a next sub-code, and restores a state saved to the second pseudo-random generator before any generation of one of the M sub-codes.
- the second predetermined state can be independent of the code number.
- the second predetermined state may correspond to a predetermined state of all the stages of the shift register in the second pseudo-random generator.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a generator of scrambling code according to the prior art already commented on; and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a scrambling code generation device according to. 1 invention.
- the scrambling code generation device comprises a Gold code generator similar to that already described with reference to FIG. 1.
- two blocks IX and 1Y contain the components relating respectively to the GX and GY pseudorandom generators.
- the second block 1Y constitutes a pseudo-random generator of imaginary part and contains the shift register having stages Y0 to Y17 and the gates XOR FY, PY and PQ arranged in the same manner as in FIG.
- outputs of the gates PI and PQ provide the real and imaginary parts zl n and zQ n of complex scrambling symbols of a scrambling code of number n.
- the symbol parts zl n and zQn are converted in a binary-bipolar converter CI-CQ into complex symbols ZI n and ZQ n into bipolar non-return to zero code.
- the bipolar interference symbols ZI n and ZQ n may be temporarily stored, on request, in a low-capacity MI-MQ buffer memory before being multiplied to complex data symbols DI-DQ in a complex symbol multiplier MU .
- the scrambling code generation device also comprises an initialization memory 2, two state memories 3X and 3Y, a code number counter 4 of 13 bits, a counter of sub-code elements 5 to 12 bits and a 6 to 4 bit time slot counter.
- timeslots time intervals
- chips 2560 code elements
- the operation of the scrambling code generation device essentially has five phases relating to an initialization of the scrambling code generation device for a scrambling code of predetermined number n, and for each frame, at most M corresponding cycles each to a restitution of the states of the two shift registers at the start of the generation of each scrambling subcode, a generation of scrambling subcode, and a saving of the states of the two shift registers at the end of the generation of each scrambling sub-code, then another initialization at the start of the next frame.
- Various INIT, RESTORE, SAVE and SLOT commands are produced by a controller in the base station.
- the controller manages the transmission of the data to be transmitted as well as a time base which supplies a clock signal H to be applied to most of the components in the scrambling code generation device, in particular to the clock inputs of the stages X0 to X17 and YO to Y17 of the shift registers.
- the frequency of the clock signal H is high and much higher than the bit rate of the data symbols to be scrambled DQ-DI so that I / M scrambling symbols ZI n - ZQ n are very quickly memorized in a buffer memory MT in response to any request
- the I / M interference symbols are read in the memory MT and applied to the multiplier MU, continuously at the rate of the data symbols to be scrambled.
- the initialization step is triggered on receipt of an INIT command and of the number n of the scrambling code to be generated, for example when a channel is allocated to a mobile radio by the base station, or for the transmission of control data in signaling channels determined by the base station.
- the INIT command and the code number n are applied to a reset and counting command input and a maximum count input of the code number 4 counter.
- n clock pulses H are com set by counter 4, initially at zero, and are applied to stages X0 to X17 of the first shift register so that the first register reaches a predetermined state dependent on the code number n for all frame relating to the scrambling code to be generated.
- the activation of shifts in the first shift register is stopped by the counter 4 when the count thereof reaches the number n.
- counter 4 also controls the activation of the exit doors XOR, PX, PY, PI and PQ in the generators IX and 1Y, indicating the end of phase d initialization.
- the second shift register can be set to an initial state dependent on the code number n and n undergo shifts to a second boot memory and the state memory 1Y backup a predetermined state of the second register used to generate the code.
- I / M 2560 scrambling code symbols
- the first and second registers in the generators IX and 1Y are activated by an ENABLE code generation command.
- the K bits in the 3X memory and the K bits in the 3Y memory corresponding to the states of the shift registers at the end of the generation from the previous scrambling subcode are transferred to parallel in stages XO to X17 of the first shift register and stages YO to Y17 of the second shift register respectively.
- I / M clock pulses H are applied successively to the stages of the shift registers in order to activate I / M shifts.
- the I / M scrambling symbols thus written are then read in the memory MT in order to scramble the data symbols D1 and DQ of at least one burst (burst) applied to the multiplier of complex symbols MU during a time interval IT (timeslot).
- the RESTORE command overwrites and replaces the contents of shift registers by those of state memories. No scrambling subcode storage memory and therefore scrambling code is thus necessary in the scrambling subcode generation device according to the invention.
- a SAVE command is issued by counter 6 in response to a SLOT command marking the end of the previous time interval.
- the 2x18 bits stored in the 3X and 3Y state memories ensure the continuity of the scrambling code between the end of the generation of a scrambling sub-code and the next one and are reusable in response to any RESTORE command.
- the counter 6 commands the reading of the initial state of the first shift register initially stored in the initialization memory 2 in order to transfer the content by a read command of the latter corresponding to n initial shifts in the first register, in stages X0 to X17 of the first register.
- the counter 6 also controls the setting inputs to "1" of all the stages Y0 to Y17 in the second shift register in the generator 1Y, and writing of the states "1" of these steps in the memory 3Y.
- any other scrambling code generation device can be used in a jammer at a transmitter or in a scrambler at a receiver both in a base station and in a mobile radiotelephone, or more generally in a transmitter or receiver at the ends of a digital communication link for which a data signal is to be scrambled.
- a UMTS mobile radiotelephone there are provided two scrambling code generation devices according to the invention respectively in a scrambler for the transmitter and in a scrambler for the receiver.
- this contains several scrambling code generation devices according to the invention for scrambling in parallel several signals of complex symbols of data to be transmitted, and several scrambling code generation devices according to the invention for respectively managing several signals of complex symbols of received data.
- the invention is also not limited to the number of stages of the first and second shift registers in the pseudo-random generators IX and 1Y which may for example be equal to 25 for a scrambling code generation device intended for an uplink in FDD mode, or which can be equal to 16 to generate a scrambling code in TDD mode.
- the scrambling code generation device according to the invention may comprise only a pseudo-random generator comprising a shift register having a predetermined number of stages with one or more OR-EXCLUSIVE gates, called XOR gates.
- One of these doors may have an input connected to the output of one of the stages of the shift register, an output connected to the input of the next stage of this shift register, and at least one other input connected to an intermediate outlet or stage output of another stage of the shift register according to a Galois implementation, and / or another of these doors may have inputs connected to outputs of several stages and an output connected to 1 ' first stage entry into the shift register according to a Fibonacci implementation, as for the FX and FY gates shown in Figure 1.
- the invention is particularly applicable to all generations of scrambling code, parts of which, referred to above as scrambling sub-codes, are produced sporadically or periodically as a function of the data to be scrambled.
- the invention applies to the scrambling of packets such as those in a digital television signal of a frame in MPEG2 mode.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0301854 | 2003-02-14 | ||
| FR0301854A FR2851385A1 (fr) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-14 | Generation de code de brouillage pour communications umts |
| PCT/FR2004/000254 WO2004075449A1 (fr) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-02-03 | Generation de code de brouillage pour communications umts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1593220A1 true EP1593220A1 (fr) | 2005-11-09 |
Family
ID=32749598
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04707559A Withdrawn EP1593220A1 (fr) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-02-03 | Generation de code de brouillage pour communications umts |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1593220A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2851385A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004075449A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100991957B1 (ko) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-11-04 | 주식회사 팬택 | 광대역 무선통신시스템에서의 스크램블링 코드 생성 장치 및 그 방법 |
| WO2010133795A1 (fr) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | France Telecom | Generation de nombres pseudo-aleatoires |
| WO2023200350A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | Александр Валерьевич ИВАНОВ | Hachage de données numériques sur une base différente d'une base de deux |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3724399B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-23 | 2005-12-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 疑似乱数生成装置またはそれを用いた暗号復号処理装置 |
| KR100424538B1 (ko) * | 2001-05-29 | 2004-03-27 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 이동통신시스템에서의 스크램블링 코드 생성 장치 및 방법 |
-
2003
- 2003-02-14 FR FR0301854A patent/FR2851385A1/fr active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-02-03 WO PCT/FR2004/000254 patent/WO2004075449A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-02-03 EP EP04707559A patent/EP1593220A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004075449A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004075449A1 (fr) | 2004-09-02 |
| FR2851385A1 (fr) | 2004-08-20 |
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