EP1573547A1 - DISPOSITIFS ET PROC D S DE COMPTABILISATION ET D&ap os;ANALYSE TEMPORELLE D V NEMENTS - Google Patents
DISPOSITIFS ET PROC D S DE COMPTABILISATION ET D&ap os;ANALYSE TEMPORELLE D V NEMENTSInfo
- Publication number
- EP1573547A1 EP1573547A1 EP03799568A EP03799568A EP1573547A1 EP 1573547 A1 EP1573547 A1 EP 1573547A1 EP 03799568 A EP03799568 A EP 03799568A EP 03799568 A EP03799568 A EP 03799568A EP 1573547 A1 EP1573547 A1 EP 1573547A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- results
- occurrences
- time
- accounting
- file
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/30—Monitoring
- G06F11/34—Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down time, of input/output operation ; Recording or statistical evaluation of user activity, e.g. usability assessment
- G06F11/3466—Performance evaluation by tracing or monitoring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to error detection, to error correction, and to monitoring
- G06F2201/86—Event-based monitoring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to error detection, to error correction, and to monitoring
- G06F2201/88—Monitoring involving counting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to devices and methods for time accounting and time analysis of events, in particular applicable to software services. It may concern in particular the control of occurrences of events or the analysis of malfunctions in relation to these events.
- Patent application WO-01/82033 discloses a method of detecting the use of a program for billing purposes. According to this method, all the calls to a function of the program are recorded in a history file ("log file" in English), so as to make it possible to invoice the licensee according to the extent of exploitation of the program. An identification representing the number of calls is then co-recorded with an identification of the system time and a cryptographic signature, after a predetermined number of calls or in first predefined time intervals.
- US Pat. No. 6,026,139 discloses a counting method capable of generating a representation of frequency distribution such as a histogram.
- An integrated device counts the numbers of occurrences of a predetermined type of events in measurement periods, this during a period of under-experimentation associated with given parameters.
- a frequency counter is incremented when the number of occurrences is greater than a predefined threshold value.
- the present invention relates to a time accounting device for calls to a software service available on a machine, which can be capable of providing significant results while solving the problem of growth of sizes of historical files, and without prejudicing the current operation of the machine.
- the invention relates to a time accounting device for events, which can make possible an at least partial temporal reconstruction of the occurrences of these events, sufficient to obtain the desired information, while offering the advantages mentioned above. It can be particularly appreciable for embedded systems.
- the invention also relates to a method of accounting for events corresponding to the accounting device of the invention, and a device and a method of temporal analysis of events making it possible to exploit the results obtained by means of a device or 'A method of accounting for events according to the invention.
- VOD Video On Demand
- MP3 files for example
- circumstantial events for example in the aeronautical field the presence at altitudes higher (or lower) than a threshold, and in the medical field, the exceedances of a ceiling, or subsidence below a floor, level of an element in the blood (insulin, glucose, white blood cells, etc.).
- the subject of the invention is a device for temporal accounting of events, comprising: a real time input module for occurrences of physical events, - an access module to at least one clock, designed to obtain a current time at each entry of one of the occurrences,
- the accounting device also comprises a module for synthetic processing of occurrences and current times, designed to produce condensed results.
- the recording module is provided for recording the condensed results in predefined data structures and prefixed sizes of the accounting file, so as to allow the file size to be kept constant during the successive recordings of the information.
- the desired temporal information can be gathered in synthesized form in a file of constant size, or in several predefined files each having a constant size.
- This surprising result is based on the one hand on the synthetic processing of occurrences and times, which makes it possible to reduce the number of information to be stored, and on the other hand on the use of predefined data structures and sizes prefixed in the accounting file (or in each of the files).
- each of these data structures is associated with specific information and corresponding processing.
- the data structure can consist of a four-byte word intended to receive the cumulative number of occurrences occurring between 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. every day for a week.
- the data structure is intended to receive the number of times occurrences occurred for more than a minute in a row, the events examined corresponding to measurements made with a time sampling step of 2 seconds.
- the synthetic processing carried out is therefore based on specific algorithms making it possible to "consolidate" the results.
- the at least partial temporal reconstruction relates to the aims aimed at: if one wishes to identify a dysfunction in time to the nearest 1 second, the information recorded must be sufficient to identify to the nearest 1 second all occurrences occurring; if you want to control the calls to a software, they must make it possible to know in a sure way the number of calls and to check at least statistically their temporal distribution. In all cases, the temporal reconstruction allows at least approximately to reconstruct the history of the events that have occurred.
- this category includes, for example, telephone or software calls, engine start-ups or brake applications;
- this category is based for example on altitudes or speeds measurements, events consisting of certain particularities of the altitudes or speeds measured (the speed exceeds predefined safety levels, the altitude becomes lower or higher than critical altitudes ... ).
- Access to the clock or clocks may or may not be direct.
- the accounting device is informed both of the occurrence of an event and of the associated instant, by one or more external systems.
- the combined operation of several clocks supposes an adequate synchronization of these, at least when they relate to the same type of events.
- the synthetic processing module is designed to produce at least two distinct types of results, at least one of these types of results comprising redundancies with respect to the other types of results, so as to allow checks of consistency of results.
- This achievement is particularly relevant for checks carried out on events that have occurred, for example to check the number of calls to a software service from a licensee for billing purposes, the files then being advantageously encrypted.
- the synthetic processing module is provided so that the different types of results provide additional information.
- the existence of several types not only serves to validate the results more reliably, but also to accumulate useful information for later analyzes.
- information on the succession of events by time periods within a given period, for example during a month is added information on the distribution of events according to the durations that separate them (first type). It is thus possible to refine the information relating to the chronological sequence, by looking at the frequencies of occurrences.
- the ranges of durations of deviations of the first type of results then have amplitudes increasing not strictly with these durations (that is to say which increase with the durations but can admit stages).
- the physical events include, separately or in combination (s):
- a set of accounting files comprising a file for each function suspected of being able to lead to a crash, in order to examine whether there is a link between the use (or the high frequency of use) of a function and the anomaly noted.
- the invention also relates to a time accounting method for events, in which:
- a synthetic processing of occurrences and current times is automatically carried out, so as to produce condensed results and the information is recorded in the form of condensed results, in predefined data structures and sizes prefixed with the accounting file. , so as to keep the size of this file constant during successive recordings of information.
- This method is preferably implemented by means of any of the embodiments of the accounting device of the invention.
- the invention also relates to a device for temporal analysis of events from at least one accounting file obtained by means of an accounting device in which at least two distinct types of results with redundancies are used.
- This device includes: - a module for extracting the results recorded in this file,
- the temporal analysis device also comprises:
- a module for inputting requests from a user these requests relating to temporal information concerning the occurrences of events
- the invention also applies to a method of temporal analysis of events corresponding to the analysis device of events of the invention, and which is preferably implemented by means of one of the embodiments of the latter.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising program code instructions for executing the steps of the method of accounting or temporal analysis of events of the invention, when this program is executed on a computer.
- computer program product is meant a computer program medium, which may consist not only of a storage space containing the program, such as a floppy disk or a cassette, but also of a signal, such as '' an electrical or optical signal.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a time accounting device for events according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a device for temporal analysis of events associated with the device of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a first type of results obtained with the device of Figure 1 and intended to be analyzed using the device of Figure 2, in the form of a histogram giving the number of occurrences of events as a function of ranges duration of discrepancies between two consecutive events;
- FIG. 4 shows a second type of results obtained with the device of Figure 1 and intended to be analyzed using the device of Figure 2, in the form of a histogram giving the number of occurrences of events as a function of ranges consecutive times.
- the modules shown are functional units, which may or may not correspond to physically distinguishable units. For example, these modules or some of them can be grouped in a single component, or constitute functionalities of the same software. Conversely, some modules may possibly be composed of separate physical entities.
- a time accounting device 1 for events (Figure 1) is connected to an event detection module 5, capable of detecting any triggering of an event of a predefined category, for example access to a software service by third parties or the initiation of specific operations performed on the machine hosting the device 1 (start-up, Internet access, etc.).
- module 5 is designed to detect three distinct types of events.
- the time accounting device 1 is provided for producing information relating to the occurrences of the events considered and to their time course, and for recording this information in accounting files F1, F2 and F3 associated respectively with the three categories of events detected.
- This device 1 comprises an input module 11 in real time of occurrences of events detected by the detection module 5, an access module 12 to one or more clock (s) 10, making it possible to obtain a current time at each entry of one of the occurrences, and a recording module 15 of the information mentioned above in the files F1, F2 and F3.
- the device 1 also includes a module 13 for synthetic processing of occurrences and current times, producing condensed results which form the information to be saved and transmit it to the recording module 15.
- the latter is responsible for recording these condensed results in predefined data structures and fixed sizes of the files F1, F2 and F3.
- the files F1, F2 and F3 are made available for a time analysis device 2 of events ( Figure 2), responsible for processing the results recorded in these files.
- the device 2 is capable, after a possible decryption, of checking the consistency of the information provided and of providing specific information in response to requests formulated by a user.
- This device 2 comprises a module 21 for extracting results from the files F1, F2 and F3, a module for checking consistency 22 within each of the files, the results which are extracted therefrom, and a production module 23d a signal S to a user interface 20 in the event of inconsistency detection.
- the consistency of the information is checked separately for each of the files F1, F2 and F3, and consists, for example, in ensuring that the sum of the durations associated with events (such as the durations of deviations between the start of two consecutive events) does not exceed a ceiling corresponding to a total duration of implementation, or that redundant information is not contradictory.
- the time analysis device 2 also includes an input unit 24 for requests via the user interface 20, in particular for obtaining statistical information (distribution of occurrences as a function of hours of the day or of the period of the month, average duration difference between two occurrences ...) or factual (number of occurrences occurring in such a time slot of the month, duration of an interruption, identification of interruptions greater than 1 hour ).
- a combined processing module 25 of the results is able to use the information extracted from the files F1, F2 and F3 to respond to the requests thus formulated.
- This module 25 transmits the desired information, or possibly a message of impossibility of response, to an information presentation module 26, which communicates with the user interface 20.
- Executable software providing the software service is located on a single machine, called a "source machine”. It can be called by all machines belonging to the same network, and run on these machines. Access to the software is protected, the protection being linked to the source machine.
- the accounting device 1, present in the source machine makes it possible to account for all the calls in the file F1.
- the latter is located here in the same directory as the executable, and keeps a size of a few k-bytes. Its constitution allows the temporal analysis device 2 to verify that the users have not modified it, as explained below.
- Device 1 uses a specific feature of machines organized in a network, namely that all of these machines have the same time to the nearest second, and that write access to a given file can only be done by one machine at a time. given, even if all these machines have access to this file.
- the clocks 10 are therefore in the present case dispersed in the various machines and synchronized, the access module 12 of the device 1 indirectly receiving the times of these clocks. The machine concerned also subtracts from this date, the "date" of the previous call. A duration called ⁇ t is thus obtained.
- ⁇ t can be worth 1s, 2s, 3s ... 1mn ...
- the durations ⁇ t being sampled from non-linear way (i.e. the sampling step varies).
- the synthetic processing module 13 accounts for all the durations ⁇ t by storing them in a register corresponding to this step. Thanks to non-linear sampling, relevant information is obtained by limiting the storage required. Indeed, if it is useful to know to the nearest second the duration between two calls separated by 10 s (that is to say with an accuracy of 10%), it is useless to know to the nearest second the duration between two separate calls of 1 day (to keep an accuracy of 10%, a step of 2 hours is enough).
- the step is worth one second; sixty registers R a n to R a s9 are then reserved in the file F1 to record these durations ⁇ t. If the duration ⁇ t is 30 s, add 1 to the register Ra29. There is thus a histogram of the durations ⁇ t between 0 s and 59 s, with a step of 1 second. • For ⁇ t varying from 1 min to 4 min 58 s, the step is worth two seconds.
- a histogram H1 is thus obtained (FIG. 3), giving numbers Ni of occurrences of calls (axis 32) as a function of ranges PEj with durations of difference ⁇ t between two consecutive occurrences (axis 31).
- the histogram H1 is blank, we can analyze it periodically (period P), for example every month, to know the duration of use of the software.
- the period P is previously agreed in the protocol between the client and the software supplier, which hosts the time analysis device 2.
- the client thus sends the file F1 to the supplier according to this periodicity (the periodicity may be different for the F1 files , F2 and F3, although a group shipment is more practical to implement).
- the histogram H1 it is assumed that this is the first month of follow-up, therefore that the results displayed are directly representative of the events that occurred during that month.
- the client sends the F1 file thus defined every month at the same time.
- the temporal analysis device 2 determines the numbers of occurrences Ni for the current month.
- the F1 file is therefore kept with the customer and automatically updated as calls are made, and does not have to be handled by this customer.
- a second histogram H2 ( Figure 4) is saved in the file F1. It gives the number N'j of access to the software (axis 34) during each time range PTj of a period P (axis 33), corresponding here to each hour of the month for the first 54 hours. We therefore cut the month into 24 h * 31 days, or 744 registers.
- the histogram H1 the histogram H2 represented here is established during the first month. For the following months, the results are obtained from the file F1 communicated by the client by subtracting from the most recent H2 histogram, that obtained the previous month.
- the time analysis device 2 (verification module 22) can detect possible fraud by the client, in particular in the cases described below:
- the total sum of the contents of the registers of the histogram H2 must be equal to the total sum of the contents of the registers per hour of the histogram H1; - and over a month, the sums ⁇ Ni ⁇ ti and ⁇ N ⁇ t ⁇ + ⁇ in the histogram H2 must be respectively less than and greater than one months, with Ni corresponding to the register storing the time between calls between ⁇ ti and ⁇ t i + ⁇ (PE range).
- the average number of calls to the software service in a month is 1 million, or one call every 2.6 seconds. If we make a low estimate, for example that the number of calls is 100,000 per month, we have a call every 26 seconds.
- the breakdown indicated in table 1 is then made, by slice of deviation durations ⁇ t (variable duration between ⁇ t), indicating each time a minimum error and a maximum error on the deviation duration ⁇ t per range PEi.
- the total number of registers for the histogram H1 is therefore worth 2106, or a memory space of 8424 bytes by storing the registers on 32 bits.
- this information is encrypted, for example, in 8-word packets (ie 32 bytes).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0215963A FR2848692A1 (fr) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | Dispositifs et procedes de comptabilisation et d'analyse temporelle d'evenements |
| FR0215963 | 2002-12-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2003/051006 WO2004055673A1 (fr) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-15 | Dispositifs et procédés de comptabilisation et d'analyse temporelle d'événements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1573547A1 true EP1573547A1 (fr) | 2005-09-14 |
Family
ID=32338862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03799568A Ceased EP1573547A1 (fr) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-15 | DISPOSITIFS ET PROC D S DE COMPTABILISATION ET D&ap os;ANALYSE TEMPORELLE D V NEMENTS |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060074976A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1573547A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2006510112A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1726473A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003299235A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2848692A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004055673A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5155567B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-24 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 計算機システム及び操作ミスによるリスクの算出方法 |
| CN102340416B (zh) * | 2011-07-08 | 2014-03-19 | 东软集团股份有限公司 | 基于时间切片进行事件统计的方法及装置 |
| CN102797963A (zh) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-28 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | 一种润滑油周期管理系统及其方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4122308A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-10-24 | Utility Verification Corp. | Telephone call metering device |
| US5103394A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1992-04-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Software performance analyzer |
| US5355327A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1994-10-11 | Davox Corporation | Automated statistical data collection system |
| US5541845A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-07-30 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Monitoring of route and schedule adherence |
| US5799315A (en) * | 1995-07-07 | 1998-08-25 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for event-tagging data files automatically correlated with a time of occurence in a computer system |
| US6029145A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 2000-02-22 | Isogon Corporation | Software license verification process and apparatus |
| US6112238A (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 2000-08-29 | Webtrends Corporation | System and method for analyzing remote traffic data in a distributed computing environment |
| US6026139A (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2000-02-15 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for generating a frequency distribution representation using integrated counter-based instrumentation |
| US6564175B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-05-13 | Intel Corporation | Apparatus, method and system for determining application runtimes based on histogram or distribution information |
| GB0029259D0 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2001-01-17 | Care Monitoring 2000 | Monitoring system |
-
2002
- 2002-12-17 FR FR0215963A patent/FR2848692A1/fr active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-12-15 EP EP03799568A patent/EP1573547A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-15 JP JP2004560512A patent/JP2006510112A/ja active Pending
- 2003-12-15 WO PCT/EP2003/051006 patent/WO2004055673A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-15 AU AU2003299235A patent/AU2003299235A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-15 US US10/538,960 patent/US20060074976A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-15 CN CN200380106205.8A patent/CN1726473A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004055673A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2848692A1 (fr) | 2004-06-18 |
| JP2006510112A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
| US20060074976A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
| CN1726473A (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
| AU2003299235A1 (en) | 2004-07-09 |
| WO2004055673A1 (fr) | 2004-07-01 |
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