EP1570214A1 - Echangeur de chaleur pour application aux fluides oscillants notamment dans une cellule thermoacoustique - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur pour application aux fluides oscillants notamment dans une cellule thermoacoustiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP1570214A1 EP1570214A1 EP03796162A EP03796162A EP1570214A1 EP 1570214 A1 EP1570214 A1 EP 1570214A1 EP 03796162 A EP03796162 A EP 03796162A EP 03796162 A EP03796162 A EP 03796162A EP 1570214 A1 EP1570214 A1 EP 1570214A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- coefficient
- thermoacoustic
- exchanger according
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical group [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1407—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having in-line geometrical arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
Definitions
- Heat exchanger for application to oscillating fluids in particular in a thermoacoustic cell
- the present invention relates to the field of thermoacoustic machines and more generally to that of thermal machines operating with an oscillating fluid. It can be applied for example to a thermoacoustic wave generator, on a refrigerator or for the association of these two machines in a thermoacoustic liquefier. It relates in particular to a means making it possible to size the heat exchanger elements inside this type of machine having an industrial application.
- Thermoacoustic energy conversion processes have been developed since the 1970s from work carried out by Peter Ceperley, the principle of which is found, for example, in US patents 4,114,380 or US4355,517. These processes are characterized by their relative simplicity of implementation. They arouse great interest in applications aimed at extracting heat. The aim is thus to liquefy gases, air conditioning, refrigeration or any other equivalent application.
- Patents US3237421 from Gifford and US4489553 from Wheatley describe refrigeration machines, for the first a pulsed gas tube and the second a thermoacoustic refrigerator, operating on the thermoacoustic principle and whose mechanical energy source is either a mechanical piston or an electroacoustic source.
- This mechanical source can be replaced by a thermoacoustic wave generator operating from a thermal source. This gives a refrigeration system without moving parts, which thus has the advantage of significantly reducing the maintenance of these machines.
- Patent US4953366 for example, by G. Swift describes a refrigeration machine consisting of a generator of thermoacoustic waves controlling a gas tube pulsed through a resonator tube. Another example of association is given by patent US4858441, where the pulsed gas tube is replaced by a thermoacoustic refrigerator. Among thermoacoustic machines, machines called "Stirling" are also concerned by the invention.
- the resonator of a thermoacoustic machine consists of a closed tube, generally of circular section, comprising parts of linear or toric shape depending on the operating mode. The tube contains a pressurized gas through which propagates an acoustic wave naturally brought into resonance.
- thermoacoustic energy conversion process operating according to a thermoacoustic energy conversion process, generates waves inside this tube which comprises at least one receiving means.
- the active parts, transmitter or receiver are called thermoacoustic cells.
- thermoacoustic cell the acoustic energy is partially converted into heat or conversely the heat into thermoacoustic energy.
- the acoustic wave allows the transport of heat from a cold source of heat to a second source at higher temperature.
- thermoacoustic cell results from the fact that an acoustic wave which propagates in a gaseous fluid in contact with a solid wall causes, as the case may be, an acoustic energy production or a transport of heat along it. this.
- This heat transport induces an axial temperature differential along the wall in the direction of wave propagation.
- the phenomenon depends on the local exchanges between the fluid and the wall and, located in the boundary layers, is of low energy. To make it meaningful, this surface is increased by multiplying the useful surfaces by stacking channels or walls. These stacks can be made from grids, a stack of plates or in a porous medium.
- this stack of channels is called a stack or regenerator.
- the distance separating them from each other is generally of the order of twice or 2.5 times the thickness of the thermal boundary layer ⁇ ⁇ .
- the aspect ratio is “1.
- thermoacoustic conversion mechanism is dependent on the phase relationship between the particle displacement xi and the dynamic pressure pi.
- the structure of the stack therefore depends on the acoustic field. There are two cases:
- the aspect ratio when the sound field is stationary, the aspect ratio is less than or equal to 1 in order to control the phase relationship between heat exchange and pressure during particle displacement; • when the sound field is progressive, a maximum effect is however obtained on the one hand if the imposed wave is progressive and on the other hand if the aspect ratio is large.
- the energy conversion is based on the Brayton cycle; it is from Ericsson and sometimes from Stirling and therefore of a higher efficiency for a progressive wave field.
- the heat transported per unit of time is proportional to the sound power as a first approximation.
- thermoacoustic modeling of the regenerators or stack With a stack in which an acoustic wave propagates, heat pumping is created, which results in a temperature gradient. Part of the acoustic energy is consumed to allow this pumping.
- the heat transport being directional, a thermal machine is obtained by combining two heat exchangers with the stack.
- the heat exchangers are shaped to achieve a uniform temperature field in a cross section of the stack of channels, these must operate as much as possible in parallel, in order to best match the 1D thermoacoustic modeling of the regenerators or stack.
- thermoacoustic cell The assembly formed by the stack of channels and two heat exchangers arranged on either side of the stack constitutes the thermoacoustic cell. It can be a wave generator or refrigeration.
- the stack of channels allows more generally the transfer of heat from an exchanger at a first temperature to the second exchanger at a second temperature.
- a large temperature gradient is created along the wall. It must be at least of the order of lOOOK / m.
- the phenomenon also takes place in the boundary layer of interaction between the solid wall and the oscillating fluid.
- the ambient acoustic noise is amplified and an acoustic wave of large amplitude and at the resonance frequency of the assembly is maintained by the temperature gradient.
- This gradient is generated by means of an appropriate heat source: gas burner, solar collector, etc.
- a mass fraction of this gas is used to supply the hot source, and the cold source, thus created in the resonator, is used to liquefy the unburned gas.
- the working fluid present in the resonator is preferably helium gas which is an environmentally neutral gas
- the process, using thermal energy, is suitable for the use of solar energy for refrigeration plants or for air conditioning.
- the inventors have set themselves the objective of producing a machine adapted to industrial constraints.
- the invention aims to determine the exchange surface of the heat exchangers, necessary in a cell, according to the power involved to supply or extract the primary fluid.
- Methods for manufacturing, but not dimensioning, specific exchangers dedicated to thermoacoustic applications can be found in patents US5339640 and US4516632. They are respectively a fin exchanger for gaseous primary fluids and a plate for liquids.
- the invention also aims more generally to determine the surface of the exchangers traversed by an oscillating primary fluid.
- oscillating fluid in the present application, one understands a perfect gaseous fluid effecting a periodic displacement in time around a mean position in space.
- the scope of the invention extends to heat exchanges in oscillating fluid flow: we can cite the control of combustion instabilities encountered for example in launchers and rocket engines, "dream pipes", cooling of electronic (MEM's) or electrical circuits ...
- the heat exchanger traversed by an oscillating primary fluid such as in a thermoacoustic cell for thermoacoustic machine where an acoustic wave propagates in said fluid
- said heat exchanger of exchange surface S being composed of unitary elements of characteristic dimension L c , of heat exchange ⁇ between the primary fluid at a temperature T f and a secondary fluid determining a wall temperature T s
- - A is a coefficient characteristic of the acoustic waves present in the exchanger
- - C is a coefficient and n a power, both characteristics of the type of flow.
- the coefficient C is between 1 , 6 and 3,4 and n equal to -1/2. In the description, the coefficient C will be taken equal to 2.06.
- L c is equal to the length over which the heat exchange takes place, it is the minimum value between the length L of the exchanger and twice the particle displacement xl.
- the power V relating to Ui is defined at more or less 1/5.
- the power 4/5 relating to Ui is defined as more or less 1/5.
- the invention relates in particular to exchangers consisting of a plurality of tubes through which the primary fluid passes. The heat exchange is carried out with a secondary fluid traversing the space between the tubes transversely to their axis.
- the invention also applies to heat exchangers made up of plates which are parallel to each other. The characteristic dimension is then the distance between the plates.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents the various components of a thermoacoustic installation
- FIG. 2 represents a graph showing the relationship between the calculated and measured flows
- FIG. 3 represents a first practical embodiment
- FIG. 4 represents a graph showing the linearity of the variation in the value of the flow measured as a function of the ratio ⁇ T / ⁇ ⁇ for different gases
- FIG. 6 shows the evolution of the thickness of the boundary layer along a plate on VA of acoustic period
- FIG. 7 shows the representation of a heat exchanger.
- a machine 1 such as an HDTR machine (Heat Driven Thermoacoustic Refrigerator), comprises a first thermoacoustic cell 3 which constitutes the generator of thermoacoustic waves.
- the cell 3 is, here, housed in a straight or U-shaped tube 5, closed near its end.
- the tube contains a gaseous primary fluid and constitutes a resonator for an acoustic wave passing through the primary fluid.
- the tube comprises a second thermoacoustic cell 7, for refrigeration.
- the first thermoacoustic cell 3 comprises, in a known manner, a regenerator placed between two heat exchangers: a hot 31 and a cold 33.
- a quantity of heat Q h is supplied from the outside to hot exchanger 31 and a quantity of heat Q 0 is discharged to the outside at the cold exchanger 33 by a secondary fluid FS.
- the cell delivers to the resonator 5 an acoustic power in which it is dissipated.
- the goal of the invention is therefore to generate a maximum acoustic power in a selected section of the resonator.
- This acoustic source appears as an oscillating gas piston for the part of the resonator where dissipation takes place.
- FIG. 7 An example of a heat exchanger 70 is shown in FIG. 7. It consists of small diameter copper tubes 72 mounted between two parallel plates 74 and surrounded by a circular collector 76. The collector is provided with tubular connections 78 for the secondary fluid supply. In operation, the primary fluid travels through the tubes 72 and the secondary fluid the space between the collector and the plates 74 at a temperature different from that of the primary fluid. Heat exchange occurs on the walls of the tubes 72.
- the presence of the refrigeration cell inside the resonator influences the overall structure of the acoustic field and therefore the proportion of acoustic energy used for heat pumping or dissipated by visco-thermal effect on the different walls.
- the energy transmission between the gas piston and the refrigeration cell must be optimized.
- the dimensioning of the exchangers is such that the heat flow ⁇ between the primary oscillating gaseous fluid and the secondary fluid will be optimal or the temperature difference ⁇ T minimized.
- the heat flow ⁇ is proportional to the difference in temperatures ⁇ T of the gaseous primary fluid (T f ) and of the surface of the solid wall (T s ) through which the heat is exchanged, to the surface S of this wall and to a coefficient h.
- This coefficient is itself a function of the characteristics of the gaseous fluid and of the conditions of the flow along this wall.
- the exchangers consist of a bundle of parallel tubes arranged in the axis of the resonator tube or else of plates parallel to each other.
- the primary fluid therefore circulates inside, parallel to this axis.
- n is the number of tubes
- D is the diameter of a tube if it is circular or an equivalent diameter if it is of another shape.
- n is the number of tubes
- D is the diameter of a tube if it is circular or an equivalent diameter if it is of another shape.
- it is the diameter of a circle having the same area.
- the device includes a thermoacoustic generator cell with heat exchangers composed of 95 tubes each with a gas passage diameter of 3 mm.
- the cell is housed in a rectilinear resonator tube connected to an O-tube comprising a receiving cell.
- the tests were carried out with varying speed amplitudes, displacements and pressures.
- FIG. 4 to which the value of the measured flux ⁇ measured () is plotted as a function of the ratio ⁇ T / ⁇ ⁇ shows for each gas the proportionality of the heat flux with the ratio ⁇ T / ⁇ ⁇ .
- the values have been reported on this graph for each gas at different average pressures:
- C 2 is a coefficient depending on the type of exchanger and is worth 2.06 for tabular exchangers in particular.
- the other coefficients are the thermal conductivity ⁇ , the Prandtl Pr number, the thickness ⁇ k of the thermal boundary layer, the pulsation ⁇ , the particle speed Ui.
- thermoacoustic application it is thus possible, thanks to the invention, to determine, from this relationship, the optimal value of the exchange surface and of the diameter of the unitary tube of the exchangers, in a given thermoacoustic application.
- a linear type wave generator has been shown. It is a standing wave generator operating according to a Brayton cycle where the resonator is a straight tube whose ends are closed.
- the types are distinguished according to the topology of the resonator.
- the progressive wave generator has an O-tube resonator and operates on an Ericsson cycle.
- Hybrid generators have an essentially stationary sound field with the exception of the area of the thermoacoustic cell. We find a presentation of the different types of association in the thesis: E.
- thermoacoustic refrigeration machine powered by a thermal source can comprise a stationary or progressive wave generator cell associated with a stationary or progressive wave refrigeration cell.
- a refrigeration installation is carried out on board a truck, the heat from the hot source of which can be borrowed at least in part from the engine exhaust gases.
- the machine comprises a linear resonator tube 100.
- Several machines are here provided for operating simultaneously in order to fulfill the functionality. Inside this tube containing the primary gaseous fluid, an acoustic wave generating cell 110 is placed at a first end and a receiving thermoacoustic cell 120 at the other end.
- the generator cell includes a first heat exchanger 112 through which a secondary fluid passes. Heating can also be achieved by means of a resistive electric cable, heated to the temperature of the hot source.
- the second heat exchanger 114 is supplied with secondary fluid at ambient temperature and dissipates the heat transferred from the first exchanger 112.
- the regenerator is composed of a stack of plates between which the primary fluid contained in the resonator tube can circulate. The structure of the regenerator is not part of the invention. It is constructed in accordance with the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
- the secondary fluid of the exchanger 112 is maintained at the required temperature by means of a heat exchanger 130 supplied with combustion gases which include in particular the vehicle exhaust gases.
- the secondary fluid of the exchanger 114 is maintained here at ambient temperature by means of a heat exchanger supplied with ambient air.
- the second thermoacoustic cell 120 which is receptor, has been placed. It consists of a first exchanger 122 supplied with secondary fluid at room temperature and a second heat exchanger 124 supplied with heat transfer fluid at the temperature of the enclosure that is to be refrigerated. The heat transfer fluid circulates between the exchanger 124 and an exchanger housed in the enclosure to be refrigerated.
- the regenerator has for example the same structure as the previous cell but any regenerator capable of performing the function is suitable.
- the temperature of the surface of the cold exchanger 114 293 ° K.
- the characteristics of the resonator tube 100 the length, making it possible to fix the resonance frequency, for example is here 8 m.
- the diameter is 150 mm.
- the primary fluid is helium at an average pressure P 0 of 30 bars and the acoustic characteristics are:
- the porosity that is to say the ratio of the opening of the exchanger to the total section in which it is placed, must be as high as possible.
- technical constraints such as the wall thickness of the tubes or their spacing, limit this to 50%. In practice, it is lower, between 20 and 40%, here 30%.
- the invention was applied to the determination of the characteristics of a heat exchanger in a thermoacoustic machine for cryogenics.
- the power of the heat exchanger of the refrigeration part was fixed at 2 kW. The values are as follows:
- D 0.0025 m
- the porosity was set at 0.3.
- the user of the law may, depending on the value of the speed of sound in the gas he has chosen, approach the value of the coefficient C recommended for the preceding gases in which the speed of sound is known, or do any ad-hoc linear interpolation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0215296A FR2848293B1 (fr) | 2002-12-04 | 2002-12-04 | Echangeur de chaleur pour application aux fluides oscillants notamment dans une cellule thermoacoustique |
| FR0215296 | 2002-12-04 | ||
| PCT/FR2003/003591 WO2004053405A1 (fr) | 2002-12-04 | 2003-12-04 | Echangeur de chaleur pour application aux fluides oscillants notamment dans une cellule thermoacoustique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1570214A1 true EP1570214A1 (fr) | 2005-09-07 |
Family
ID=32319982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03796162A Withdrawn EP1570214A1 (fr) | 2002-12-04 | 2003-12-04 | Echangeur de chaleur pour application aux fluides oscillants notamment dans une cellule thermoacoustique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1570214A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003298414A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2848293B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004053405A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2890413B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-06 | 2007-12-07 | Renault Sas | Agencement d'un dispositif thermoacoustique dans un moteur a combustion interne |
| NL2004187C2 (nl) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Stichting Energie | Warmtewisselaar. |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3237421A (en) | 1965-02-25 | 1966-03-01 | William E Gifford | Pulse tube method of refrigeration and apparatus therefor |
| US4114380A (en) | 1977-03-03 | 1978-09-19 | Peter Hutson Ceperley | Traveling wave heat engine |
| US4355517A (en) | 1980-11-04 | 1982-10-26 | Ceperley Peter H | Resonant travelling wave heat engine |
| US4489553A (en) | 1981-08-14 | 1984-12-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Intrinsically irreversible heat engine |
| US4516632A (en) | 1982-08-31 | 1985-05-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Deparment Of Energy | Microchannel crossflow fluid heat exchanger and method for its fabrication |
| US4858441A (en) | 1987-03-02 | 1989-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Heat-driven acoustic cooling engine having no moving parts |
| US4953366A (en) | 1989-09-26 | 1990-09-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Acoustic cryocooler |
| US5339640A (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1994-08-23 | Modine Manufacturing Co. | Heat exchanger for a thermoacoustic heat pump |
| US5647216A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-07-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | High-power thermoacoustic refrigerator |
-
2002
- 2002-12-04 FR FR0215296A patent/FR2848293B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-12-04 AU AU2003298414A patent/AU2003298414A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-04 EP EP03796162A patent/EP1570214A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-04 WO PCT/FR2003/003591 patent/WO2004053405A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004053405A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004053405B1 (fr) | 2004-09-16 |
| FR2848293A1 (fr) | 2004-06-11 |
| AU2003298414A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
| FR2848293B1 (fr) | 2007-09-14 |
| WO2004053405A1 (fr) | 2004-06-24 |
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