EP1532400A1 - Method and device for combusting a fuel-oxidising agent mixture - Google Patents
Method and device for combusting a fuel-oxidising agent mixtureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1532400A1 EP1532400A1 EP03790608A EP03790608A EP1532400A1 EP 1532400 A1 EP1532400 A1 EP 1532400A1 EP 03790608 A EP03790608 A EP 03790608A EP 03790608 A EP03790608 A EP 03790608A EP 1532400 A1 EP1532400 A1 EP 1532400A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxidizer
- catalyst
- fuel
- mixture
- stream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/13002—Catalytic combustion followed by a homogeneous combustion phase or stabilizing a homogeneous combustion phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for burning a fuel-oxidizer mixture in a combustion chamber of a turbo group, in particular a power plant.
- a method for operating a gas turbine group is known from EP 0 849 451 A2, the gas turbine group essentially consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a generator.
- the gas turbine group essentially consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a generator.
- fuel is mixed with air compressed in the compressor before combustion and then burned in a combustion chamber.
- Compressed air supplied via a partial air line is mixed with fuel supplied via a partial fuel line and introduced into a reactor with a catalyst coating.
- the fuel mixture is converted into a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, residual air and residual fuel. This synthesis gas is injected into those zones of the combustion chamber in which they stabilize the flame.
- the present invention deals with the problem of showing possibilities for stabilization for the combustion of a lean fuel-oxidizer mixture in a combustion chamber of a turbo group.
- the invention is based on the general idea of only partially oxidizing a rich pilot fuel / oxidizer mixture in a catalyst in such a way that highly reactive hydrogen is formed, the partially oxidized, hydrogen-containing mixture together with a . additional oxidizer flow is introduced into at least one zone which is suitable for stabilizing the combustion of the main fuel-oxidizer mixture.
- the oxidizer required for the full oxidation of the partially oxidized pilot mixture is also introduced or injected into the zones suitable for combustion stabilization, which increases the stability of the pilot flames produced in this way.
- the pilot flames remove no or at least significantly less oxidizer from the main mixture during their combustion, which means that the main mixture reaction can also be more stable.
- the additionally supplied oxidizer stream which is also referred to below as the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream, can be used to preheat the pilot fuel-oxidizer mixture and / or to cool the catalyst.
- the oxidizer used in a turbo group usually comes from the pressure side of a compressor, so that the oxidizer, usually air, is already at a relatively high temperature.
- a pilot fuel / oxidizer mixture is formed, the temperature of which is below that of the compressed oxidizer, since the fuel, usually natural gas, has a relatively low temperature during the injection.
- another partial flow of the oxidizer originating from the compressor can be used to preheat the pilot fuel-oxidizer mixture be used by performing a suitable heat coupling.
- the ignition limit of the catalytic reaction is reached with a relatively short inlet section into the catalytic converter, which means that an increased conversion rate in the catalytic converter can be achieved at the same time.
- the catalytic reaction now increases the temperature of the catalyst. So that the desired partial oxidation predominantly takes place in the catalytic converter, the temperature in the catalytic converter must not rise too much, since otherwise full oxidation takes place and / or a homogeneous gas reaction can occur.
- the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream is particularly suitable for cooling the catalytic converter, in particular after its heat has been given off to the pilot fuel-oxidizer mixture. As a result, the desired partial oxidation reaction in the catalyst can be stabilized.
- the catalyst can have a plurality of channels through which parallel flow can occur, one of which is catalytically active and the other of which is catalytically inactive.
- the catalytically active channels form a catalytically active path through the catalyst, which is designed in such a way that when it flows through the rich pilot-fuel-oxidizer mixture it enables the desired partial oxidation with the formation of hydrogen.
- the catalytically inactive channels form a catalytically inactive path through the catalyst, through which the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream flows during operation.
- the channels are coupled to one another in a heat-transferring manner by a uniform construction of the channels, that is to say by accommodating the channels in a common structure of the catalytic converter.
- This design thus enables, on the one hand, preheating of the pilot fuel / oxidizer mixture introduced into the catalyst and, on the other hand, cooling of the catalyst.
- a thermal management for the catalytic converter designed for a nominal operating state of the device, in particular the turbo group can be achieved. This enables a long service life for the catalytic converter as well as reproducible combustion reactions in the catalytic converter and thus in the stabilization zones.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram-like representation of the principle of a turbo group which is equipped with a device according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram-like schematic representation of an inventive
- FIG. 4 is a view as in FIG. 3, but in another embodiment,
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a catalytic converter and a distributor head
- FIG. 6 shows a representation as in FIG. 5, but additionally with a perforated plate
- a turbo group 1 comprises a turbine 2, which is designed in particular as a gas turbine, and a compressor 3, which is connected to the turbine 2 via a drive shaft 4.
- the turbo group 1 is usually used in a power plant, the turbine 2 then additionally driving a generator 5 via the shaft 4.
- the turbo group 1 also comprises a combustion system, referred to as the combustion chamber 6, which has at least one combustion chamber 7 and at least one premix burner 8 connected upstream of this combustion chamber 7.
- the combustion chamber 6 is connected on the inlet side to the high pressure side of the compressor 3 and on the outlet side to the high pressure side of the turbine 2. Accordingly, the combustion chamber 6 is supplied with oxidizer, in particular air, from the compressor 3 via an oxidizer line 9.
- the fuel is supplied via a corresponding fuel line 10.
- the hot combustion gases are supplied to the turbine 2 via a hot gas line 11.
- the combustion chamber 6 is used to burn a fuel-oxidizer mixture in the combustion chamber 7; the combustion chamber 6 thus forms a device according to the invention. This device is therefore also designated 6 below.
- a total oxidizer stream 12 coming from the compressor 3 is introduced at 13 into a main oxidizer stream 14 and a secondary oxidizer stream 15 by a suitable flow guide.
- the secondary oxidizer stream 15 is then divided into a pilot oxidizer stream 17 and a heat exchanger oxidizer stream 18.
- a total fuel stream 19 at 20 is also divided into a main fuel Stream 21 and a pilot fuel stream 22 split.
- the oxidizer streams can be divided, for example, in a plenum of the combustion chamber 6, so that the dividing points 13 and 16 coincide.
- a suitable valve or the like can be arranged. It is also possible to provide the pilot fuel stream 22 with its own pump and, in particular, to supply it to the combustion chamber 6 independently of the main fuel stream 21.
- the main oxidizer stream 14 and the main fuel stream 21 are fed to the premix burner 8, as a result of which a main fuel oxidizer mixture 23 is formed in the premix burner 8.
- This main fuel-oxidizer mixture 23 is then introduced into the combustion chamber 7, in which it burns when the oxidation is complete.
- the fuel and oxidizer are expediently fed into the premix burner 8 in such a way that a lean main mixture 23 results.
- the device 6 or the combustion chamber 6 is also equipped with a catalytic converter 24, the catalytic converter material of which is selected such that, under certain boundary conditions, it causes partial oxidation of a fuel-oxidizer mixture supplied, in such a way that hydrogen is produced during this partial oxidation.
- a mixture of the pilot oxidizer stream 17 and the pilot fuel stream 22 is fed to the catalyst 24.
- the pilot fuel stream 22 is added to the pilot oxidizer stream 17 in such a way that a rich pilot fuel oxidizer mixture 17, 22 is formed.
- the mixture formation can - as here - take place in an inlet area of the catalyst 24; Likewise, the pilot fuel-oxidizer mixture 17, 22 can already be formed upstream of the catalyst 24.
- the synthesis gas which is formed in the catalytic converter 24 by partial oxidation is referred to below as a partially oxidized pilot fuel / oxidizer mixture which, for example, is introduced into the combustion chamber 7 in accordance with the arrow 25.
- a partially oxidized pilot fuel / oxidizer mixture which, for example, is introduced into the combustion chamber 7 in accordance with the arrow 25.
- other reaction products in a natural gas-air mixture are essentially carbon monoxide and residual air or residual natural gas.
- the partially oxidized pilot fuel / oxidizer mixture 25 is then introduced into the combustion chamber 7 together with the heat exchanger / oxidizer stream 18. This means that a very stable pilot flame or pilot combustion are generated.
- the heat exchanger-oxidizer flow 18 and the volume flow of the partially oxidized pilot mixture 25 are expediently coordinated with one another in such a way that a lean or at least slightly lean mixture is formed when they are mixed.
- the partially oxidized pilot mixture 25 and the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream 18 are introduced or injected into one or more zones 26, one of which is symbolically shown in FIG. 2 a dotted line is limited. These zones 26 are selected such that they are particularly suitable for stabilizing the main combustion of the main fuel-oxidizer mixture 23 formed in the premix burner 8. Such zones 26 are mainly located in the combustion chamber 7.
- Zones 26 suitable for stabilizing the main combustion of the main mixture 23 in the combustion chamber 7 can be, for example: a central recirculation zone in the combustion chamber 7, an external recirculation or dead water zone and a section of the pre-mixing burner 8 remote from the combustion chamber 7.
- the catalyst 24 has a catalytically active path 27 and a catalytically inactive path 28 which is coupled to the catalytically active path 27 in a heat-transferring manner. While the pilot fuel-oxidizer mixture 17, 22 is introduced into the catalytically active path 27, the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream 18 flows through the catalytically inactive path 28. As a result, the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream 18 on the one hand, can be used for preheating the pilot mixture 17, 22, the temperature of which has been reduced by admixing the relatively cold pilot fuel stream 22. The preheating advantageously shifts the ignition of the catalyst reaction toward the inlet end of the catalyst 24.
- the flow through the catalytically inactive path 28 with the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream 18 cools the catalyst 24, so that the catalyst 24 can be operated in a predetermined temperature window which is particularly suitable for the desired catalytic reaction.
- a full oxidation of the pilot mixture 17, 22 and the formation of a homogeneous gas reaction in the pilot mixture 17, 22 are avoided within the catalyst 24.
- the means used for supplying the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream 18 form an oxidizer feed device, in which case the catalytically inactive path 28 of the catalyst 24 forms a component of this oxidizer feed device.
- the catalyst 24 can be integrated into the premix burner 8 in preferred embodiments.
- the catalytic converter 24 can be installed, for example, in a lance 29 which is arranged centrally on a head 30 of the burner 8 remote from the combustion chamber 7 and here projects into the premix burner 8 in the direction of the combustion chamber 7.
- the reactive, partially oxidized pilot mixture 25 is here together with the heat exchanger oxide.
- the catalyst 24 itself is arranged centrally in the head 30 of the premix burner 8.
- the catalyst 24 can have a plurality of channels 31 and 32 through which flow can occur in parallel, of which one is catalytically active channels 31, while the other are catalytically inactive channels 32.
- the catalytically active channels 31 form the catalytically active path 27 of the catalyst 24, while the catalytically inactive channels 32 form the catalytically inactive path 28 of the catalyst 24.
- the catalytic converter 4 In front of the inlet openings of the individual channels 31, 32, the catalytic converter 4 here has a distribution chamber 33 which corresponds to the dividing point 16 in FIG. 2.
- the secondary oxidizer stream 15 supplied is distributed in the distribution chamber 33 to the catalytically active channels 31 (pilot oxidizer stream 17) and the catalytically inactive channels 32 (heat exchanger oxidizer stream 18).
- the pilot fuel stream 22 is admixed within the catalytically active channels 31, expediently before catalytically coating the catalytically active channels 31.
- the catalytically active channels 31 are coupled to the catalytically inactive channels 32 in a heat-transferring manner, which can be achieved in particular by common boundary walls.
- the individual channels 31, 32 of the catalytic converter 24 can be formed catalytically active or catalytically inactive line by line and can be arranged alternately line by line. Accordingly, in FIG. 5, lines 34, which consist of catalytically active channels 31 arranged next to one another, alternate with lines 35, which consist of catalytically inactive channels 32 arranged next to one another. This results in an alternating stratification of the rows 34, 35 transversely to the main flow direction of the catalyst 24.
- the distributor head 36 is constructed from a plurality of shafts 41 and 42 which are adjacent transversely to the main flow direction of the catalyst 24. All shafts 41, 42 are open to the outlet 38 of the distributor head 36.
- the first shafts 41 assigned to the first entrance 39 are also open to the first entrance 39, while they are closed to the second entrance 40.
- the second shafts 42 assigned to the second input 40 are open towards the second input 40 and closed towards the first input 39.
- the dimensions of the manholes 41, 42 are matched to the dimensioning of the channels 31, 32 of the catalytic converter 40 such that each manhole exit covers one line 34, 35.
- the distributor head 36 basically has the same structure as in the embodiment according to FIG. 5.
- the catalytically active channels 31 and the catalytic lyically inactive channels 32 in FIG. 6 are no longer arranged in a cell-like manner as in FIG. 5, but in a checkerboard fashion.
- This checkerboard arrangement is rotated by 45 ° relative to a rectangular cross section of the catalyst 24 about the main flow direction of the catalyst 24, so that there is a quasi-diagonal checkerboard arrangement of the channels 31, 32.
- a perforated plate 43 is arranged, which has a plurality of through holes 44, which are arranged in a predetermined hole pattern 45.
- This hole pattern 45 is expediently chosen such that each channel 31, 32 communicates with one of the shafts 41, 42 only via a single through hole 44. This means that the holes 44 are open on the one hand only to a single shaft 41, 42 and on the other hand only to a single channel 31, 32 or to a single channel group of catalytically active channels 31 or catalytically inactive channels 32.
- FIG. 7a shows a section through the cross section of the catalyst 24 according to FIG. 6. Accordingly, the catalytically active channels 31 and the catalytically inactive channels 32 are arranged such that they alternate like a checkerboard.
- the lines entered in FIG. 7a represent the orientations or longitudinal center planes of the shafts 41 and 42 assigned to the respective channels 31, 32 at the outlet thereof.
- FIG. 7b shows a line-by-line arrangement of the catalytically active channels 31 and the catalytically inactive channels 32 corresponding to the embodiment of the catalyst 24 shown in FIG. 5, but otherwise corresponds to the illustration according to FIG. 7a.
- FIG. 7c shows another advantageous arrangement for the catalytically active channels 31 and the catalytically inactive channels 32.
- the number of catalytically inactive channels 32 and their share in the total cross-sectional area of the catalyst 24 is greater than in the catalytically active channels 31.
- the heat exchanger-oxidizer stream 18 or the pilot mixture 17, 22 is then fed in a corresponding arrangement of the first shafts 41 and second shafts 42 in the distributor head 36.
- the catalytically active channels 31 and the catalytically inactive channels 32 are again arranged in the manner of a checkerboard, the catalytically active channels 31 each being combined into groups of four. Accordingly, there is a significantly larger number of catalytically active channels 31, while the proportion of the total flowable area of the catalyst 24 in the catalytically active channels 31 is approximately the same as in the catalytically inactive channels 32.
- the individual holes are then 44 assigned to the perforated plate 43 either a single catalytically inactive channel 32 or a group of four catalytically active channels 31.
- WO 03/033985 A1 describes a method and a device for supplying and removing two gases to and from one Multi-channel monolith structure.
- a first and a second gas can be fed to first and second channels of the monolith structure separately from one another.
- the channels are arranged within the monolith structure such that each first channel with at least one second channel has a common partition wall, via which a mass and / or heat exchange between the channels is possible.
- Pilot fuel electricity Main fuel oxidizer mixture Catalyst oxidized pilot fuel oxidizer mixture Zone catalytically active path catalytically inactive path lance head of 8 catalytically active channel catalytically inactive channel distributor chamber line with catalytically active channels line with catalytically inactive channels distributor head input from 24 output from 36 first entrance of 36 second entrance of 36 first shaft second shaft perforated plate through hole perforated pattern
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US40697902P | 2002-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | |
US406979P | 2002-08-30 | ||
PCT/CH2003/000542 WO2004020905A1 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2003-08-12 | Method and device for combusting a fuel-oxidising agent mixture |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1532400A1 true EP1532400A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
EP1532400B1 EP1532400B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
Family
ID=31978397
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03790608.8A Expired - Fee Related EP1532400B1 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2003-08-12 | Method and device for combusting a fuel-oxidising agent mixture |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7421844B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1532400B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100489397C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003249830A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004020905A1 (en) |
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2003
- 2003-08-12 WO PCT/CH2003/000542 patent/WO2004020905A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-08-12 AU AU2003249830A patent/AU2003249830A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-12 US US11/066,926 patent/US7421844B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-12 CN CNB038247747A patent/CN100489397C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-12 EP EP03790608.8A patent/EP1532400B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1703601A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
EP1532400B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
WO2004020905A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US20060080968A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
US7421844B2 (en) | 2008-09-09 |
AU2003249830A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
CN100489397C (en) | 2009-05-20 |
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