EP1496169A1 - Method for the production of a roof made of hollow mission tiles and such a roof - Google Patents

Abstract

The tiled roof is composed of channel tiles (1) on a self-supporting corrugated structure (2), arranged in rows on the peaks (21) of the corrugations (22). The trailing end of (1) overlaps the leading end of the next (1). (1) Have a concave curvature, aligned downwards. A material (3) provides a support surface between (1) and (2), along the line of each (1). The tiled roof is composed of channel tiles (1) on a self-supporting corrugated structure (2), arranged in rows on the peaks (21) of the corrugations (22). The trailing end of (1) overlaps the leading end of the next (1). (1) Have a concave curvature, aligned downwards. A material (3) provides a support surface between (1) and (2), along the line of each (1). The upper surface of (3) is rounded to match the tile curvature, and the lower surface is flat to be secured to (2) by self-adhesion or an adhesive. (3) Are (semi)synthetic material shaped chocks or a synthetic polyurethane foam.

Description

The subject of the present invention is a method of constructing roofs in round tiles on self-supporting bins and a roof obtained.

The technical field of the invention is that of the construction of Tiled roofs channel or round tiles of cylindro-conical form.

We know traditional roofs in round tiles or tiles with juxtaposed rows of tiles whose concavity is alternately turned up and down. These tiles are asked usually on a sub-roof, for example a sub-roof in planks or battens.

To facilitate the construction of roof tiles channel while retaining their architectural aspect, several methods have been proposed, in particular a method which consists of laying the channel tiles on a sub-roof corrugated fiberglass sheet that seals and the flow of water. This method makes it possible to implement a quantity reduced tile all of which have their concavity turned down. However, this process is expensive and involves risks of lack as fiber-cement sheets may crack, particularly under the effect of the gel or dilations. In addition, fiber cement plates can not withstand high bending loads and so it is necessary to multiply the failures supporting the plates, which increases the cost of the framework and the installation work.

FR 2 541 709 describes a method which makes it possible to provide new roof tiles made of round tiles, which make it possible the architectural aspect of the traditional roof, a process in which the round tiles are laid on a sub-roof that presents a good water and air tightness, which is easy to install and reduces the cost of roof.

This process involves the use of metal bins self-supporting, usually galvanized or oven-lacquered bins, which are used to build roofs of industrial buildings or side siding.

• on fabrique des bacs nervurés autoportants ondulés en créneaux ;
• on pose lesdits bacs sur lesdites pannes, la direction longitudinale des créneaux étant disposée parallèlement à la ligne de pente du toit ;
• on fixe les créneaux desdits bacs auxdites pannes par des boulons et on fixe sur lesdits boulons des armatures en treillis qui s'étendent sur toute la longueur des sommets des créneaux desdits bacs ;
• on dépose un bourrelet de mortier ou de béton autour desdites armatures ;
• et on pose, sur lesdits bourrelets en béton, des files juxtaposées de tuiles rondes dont la face concave est tournée vers le bas.

This process comprises the following operations:

• corrugated self-supporting ribbed troughs are manufactured;
• said bins are placed on said failures, the longitudinal direction of the slots being arranged parallel to the slope line of the roof;
• the slots of said bins are fixed to said failures by bolts and lattice reinforcements are fixed on said bolts, which extend over the entire length of the crest peaks of said bins;
• depositing a bead of mortar or concrete around said frames;
• and laying, on said concrete beads, juxtaposed rows of round tiles whose concave face is facing downwards.

• des bacs nervurés autoportants, ondulés en forme de créneaux, qui sont posés sur lesdites pannes suivant la ligne de pente de la toiture et qui sont fixés auxdites pannes par des boulons qui traversent les ondulations en relief ;
• des nappes d'armatures métalliques qui sont fixées sur lesdits boulons, qui s'étendent sur toute la longueur desdits bacs et qui sont incorporées, chacune, dans un bourrelet de béton qui est posé au-dessus de chaque ondulation en relief et,
• des tuiles rondes, dont la face concave est tournée vers le bas, qui sont posées sur lesdits bourrelets de béton ou de mortier.

The roof according to this method comprises:

• ridge-shaped, self-supporting ribbed bins, which are placed on said failures along the roof slope line and which are fixed to said failures by bolts which pass through the raised corrugations;
• metal reinforcing plies which are fixed on said bolts, which extend over the entire length of said troughs and which are each incorporated in a concrete bead which is placed above each raised undulation and,
• round tiles, whose concave face is turned downwards, which are placed on said concrete or mortar beads.

This process results in round tile roofs all of which have the concavity is directed down. Thanks to the self-supporting bins that may have a length equal to the length of the roof slopes, obtains perfectly watertight and airtight roofs that retain their tightness.

Self-supporting tanks made of laminated sheet metal or laminated resins have, thanks to their ribbed niche shape, very good resistance to bending, so that the failures that support them can be spaced. This crenellated profile makes it possible to stiffen the tray and thus to works of reduced thicknesses and therefore lighter bins compared to a tray in profile with fluted corrugations, that is to say of round shape.

The construction of roofs of this type is very fast and does not require not a highly qualified workforce and this method of constructing roofing reduces the time and cost of building roofs in round tiles.

This process makes it possible to obtain a good mechanical connection between the tiles and self-supporting bins thanks to the presence of a formed reinforcement expanded metal band or wire mesh extending over any the length of the bins, which is attached to the anchor bolts of these on the These self-supporting bins can be made by hand cold rolling or bending of galvanized or kiln-lacquered steel sheet, standard width.

An advantage of roofs of this type, compared to tiled roofs rounds laid on corrugated fiber-cement plates, lies in the fact they allow to build roofs with lower slopes thanks to better sealing and thanks to the shape of the recessed grooves which allow a better flow of water. However, a disadvantage is that tiles, whose round concave shape is not supported by the crenellations whose vertices are flat, must be supported by a interlayer material or device adherent on the tray and supporting the roof tiles.

In this respect, the implementation of a lattice reinforcement, which allows the adherence of the mortar on the self-supporting tray, represents a laying work additional weight and additional weight.

On the other hand, the mortar also has some disadvantage. Firstly, its weight is relatively high, a material with a density of more than 1000 kg / m ³ and, in practice for roofing, a surface density greater than 25 kg / m ² . In addition, the mortar reacts differently from the constituent material of the tile as a function of the ambient temperature, generating different dimensional variations that can induce delamination of the tile, or even the breaking of tiles. Finally, the mortar does not provide regular continuous support on the underside of the tile because, when the mortar dries, it retracts in a non-homogeneous manner, which generates mini zones of vacuum under the tile which constitute as many points of the tile. sound insulation failure but also risk of delamination or fragility of the tile.

Finally, to complete and reinforce the adhesion of the tiles by the mortar, it is recommended to use hooks fixed on the metal latticework that holds the lower end of sloping tiles. But, the implementation of these brackets represents a job additional installation.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method of realization of round tile roofs placed on a profiled steel tank in niche that does not have the disadvantages of the process of the prior art, in particular described in FR 2 541 709, in particular with means for supporting and adhering tiles on said bins self-supporting that do not have the disadvantages of implementation a metal lattice reinforcement combined with a mortar for adhesion and supporting the tiles on said bin.

To do this, the present invention provides a method for producing of a roof tile channel in which said tiles are placed on supports including self-supporting ribbed bins, crenellated, by arranging the son of said sloping tiles on the tops of said crenellations, and said overlapping tiles in such a way that the lower end of each tile covers the upper end of the tile located immediately lower in the slope, said tiles presenting, all, a concavity directed downwards.

• soit par des cales préformées de matériau synthétique ou semi-synthétique collées sur ledit bac,
• soit par de la mousse de polyuréthane expansée directement déposée sur lesdits sommets desdits créneaux..

In the method according to the invention, a material forming a continuous bearing surface is inserted between said tiles and said tray, along the entire length of the tile outside the said overlap zone, the said material thus having a top face conforming to the shape concave round of the tile and a lower face matching the essentially flat shape of the tops of said crenellations, said material adhering directly to said tray or being bonded to said tray, without the use of a lattice reinforcement, and said material consisting of:

• either by preformed shims of synthetic or semi-synthetic material glued to said tray,
• either by expanded polyurethane foam directly deposited on said peaks of said crenellations.

The present invention offers several advantages.

First, it provides a means of connection between the ferry and the tiles that is both lightweight and easy to install and that adheres directly to the tray or without the implementation of a metal lattice reinforcement or even additional hooks.

On the other hand, the means of connection between the tiles and the steel tanks, according to the present invention, constitutes a continuous bearing surface on the underside of the tile and this, as well in the case of old-fashioned tiles of shapes non-repetitive irregularities for which we will then advantageously a so-called expanded polyurethane foam material in situ, which in the case of industrial tiles of identical regular shapes for which can then be used as well preformed wedges that shims of expanded polyurethane foam in situ.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, said wedges preforms are made of polystyrene, polyurethane or a mixture of cement and light particles such as expanded glass beads, expanded clay beads or mineral or vegetable fibers.

In a preferred embodiment said material, consisting of said polyurethane foam or said preformed wedges has a density of 35 to 55 kg / m ³ .

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said material consisting of said expanded polyurethane foam or said shims preforms occupies the volume formed between said tiles and said vertices said slots so that said vertices of said slots are located substantially at a height corresponding substantially to half of the depth of said tiles.

The inventors have, in fact, discovered that the quantity of said material and in particular expanded polyurethane foam thus implemented is sufficient to confer both support and support Reliable mechanical tiles on the self-supporting tray ..

More particularly, the weight of said material depending on the nature of the material may be from 10 g / m ² to 10 kg / m ² , more particularly from 5 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² . Thus, for cement shims mixed with aggregates, the weight will generally be 5 to 10 kg / m ² , whereas for polyurethane foam shims, this weight will generally be 100 to 1000 g / m ² and for polyurethane foam beads, the weight of the material will be more particularly from 20 to 500 g / m ² .

More particularly, a laying of about 10 tiles per m ^{2 is carried out} , said tiles overlapping in each line over a length of 5 to 10 cm.

In a preferred embodiment, said vertices of said crenellations have two longitudinal grooves, each of which is said to be grooves being disposed along the side edges of said slots and thus delimiting the width of the area initially covered by the moss expanded polyurethane at the time of its removal on said vertices of said slots in the form of polyurethane foam cords.

Advantageously according to the present invention, said tiles are glued to each other at their ends at said area of cover without fixing hook.

In one embodiment, said tiles are shaped tiles uniformly identical and said material is constituted by said wedges preformed.

In another embodiment, said tiles are tiles of irregular shape and not identical and said material consists of said expanded polyurethane foam.

In a particular embodiment, said vertices of said crenellations have a width of 110 to 115 mm, said slots having a height of about 50 mm and the side of said slots trapezoidal angles diverging upwards at an angle between 0 and 15 °.

Advantageously, one starts from sheets having a standard width of 1 meter, which can be delivered in long lengths on a spool, and form, in these, bins with three full undulations having a pitch of between 210 mm and 220 mm and a depth of 50 mm, these dimensions are perfect for laying tile rows rounds covering the relief ripples, leaving a small gap between the rows of tiles and a weak game between the edge of the tiles and the passage and the circulation of rainwater.

These self-supporting tanks are made of sheet metal 0.5 to 1 mm thick and have a weight of the order of 4 to 10 kg / m ² which is a relatively low weight compared to that of other known sub-roofs, this which allows to lighten the frame.

Of course, one can choose sheets of different thickness depending on the range between failures supporting the bins.

The present invention also relates to a roof of the type comprising round tiles, obtained by a method according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises, interposed between said tiles and said tray, a said material as defined above.

• la figure 1 représente en perspective une toiture utilisant des cales selon la présente invention.
• la figure 2 représente en perspective une cale selon la présente invention.
• la figure 3 représente en perspective une toiture utilisant un cordon de mousse selon la présente invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the light of the detailed description which follows, made with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 in which:

• Figure 1 shows in perspective a roof using wedges according to the present invention.
• Figure 2 shows in perspective a shim according to the present invention.
• Figure 3 shows in perspective a roof using a bead of foam according to the present invention.

The present invention aims to facilitate the construction of roofs of individual houses but it is not limited to this application and roofing according to the present invention can be used for cover other buildings, including collective dwellings or industrial premises.

The roof according to the present invention results from the laying of tiles 1 frustoconical on a preformed steel tray 2, a material 3, 4 ensuring the maintaining tile 1 on tray 2.

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment.

The tray 2 is obtained from a steel sheet, initially flat, whose thickness is of the order of 0.63 mm and whose weight is of the order of 7.6 kg / m ² .

Trapezoidal crenellations 22 are formed in the width of this sheet, for example by rolling.

These crenellations 22 are formed by a succession of surfaces 212 forming the small upper base of the vertices 21, said surfaces 212 being framed by two lateral sides inclined to the convergent blank 211 and 214.

The sheet thus formed advantageously has a variable length, maximum 1200 mm, a working width of 660 mm and a height of crenel of 50 mm.

A vertex 21 forms a convex trapezium the length of which Small upper base 212 is about 113 mm. Slot 22, less broad, forms a concave trapezoid whose length of the small base lower 221 is about 85 mm. The two inclined sides 211, 214 of each concave crenel 22 or convex trapezoid 21, respectively diverging or converging upwards with a draft angle of draft between 0 and 15 °.

These bins are supported by unrepresented structural elements which may be metal or wood frames or precast concrete. They are for example fixed on non-represented battens by bolts or lag bolts, or threaded rods, or any other equivalent fastener, which pass through fastening advantageously drilled through the small base 212 of the vertices 21, in contact with the tiles, the small base 221 concave slots 22 being in contact with the battens.

Once a first tray is installed, we position the same way just next to it a second ferry. The two edges in contact present each a portion of the slot, made in such a way that the portion of niche at the edge of the second bin partially overlaps at least the niche portion at the edge of the first bin. Useful width previously mentioned corresponds to the width of a bin 2 which is not covered by the bins fixed on both sides of it.

Thus each tank advantageously has each of its ends a portion of vertex 21, made so that the portion 21 of a second tank that covers the summit portion 21 of a first tank next to it, has a small base 212 full and part side 211 extending over at least one third of the length of the side 211 complete the top portion 21 of the first bin. This last also a small base portion 212 which extends under at least the half the length of the small base 212 complete the second bin.

This type of assembly guarantees the tightness of the device, the rainwater flows on the side portion 211 of the upper tray and falls to the side 211 complete lower tray.

Advantageously, each sheet has two vertices 21 solid and three concave slots 22 full.

Each small base 212 of each vertex 21 presents advantageously 2 "V" grooves 213. These grooves are made during the shaping of the sheet.

Once the roof covered with bins 2, we have online on the vertices 21 frustoconical tiles gutters 1 whose concavity is directed down.

This type of tile is standard and commonly used by the man of job. They may be regular or irregular and present usually a length of 40 or 50 cm, a small width of the order of 17 cm and a large width of the order of 21 cm.

The lower part of a gutter tile 1, that is to say the part situated on the side of the great width covers the upper part, that is to say the part located on the side of the small width of the tile arranged immediately after.

The cover is then at least 60 mm.

Preferably, two tiles are secured together by two studs 5 of about 0.5 cm ³ of mastic made in the overlap area.

It is preferable to use a single-component elastomeric mastic polyurethane base. This type of putty, proposed in particular by society SIKA under the trade name SIKAFLEX 11FC or FIXOTUILE, is packaged in a cartridge and its installation is done by manual gun or pneumatic.

This type of sealant cures under the action of moisture and wind and has excellent resistance to aging and weathering.

To guarantee a good stability of the tile, the present invention proposes to insert between each tile 1 and the tray 2 a material 3, 4.

This material may be a shim 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or a bead of foam 4 as shown in FIG.

In the case of a shim 3, it is obtained by injection molding of a material which can be composed essentially of polystyrene or polyurethane and having a density of 25 to 40 kg / m ³ .

A shim 3 has a flat bottom face 32 of shape trapezoidal, and an upper face 31 convex, frustoconical.

This shim advantageously has a length L of 150 to 250 mm, a small width l ₁ of 60 to 110 mm, a large width l ₂ of 80 to 120 mm, a small height h ₁ of 15 to 30 mm and a large height h ₂ from 20 to 45 mm.

More particularly, with reference to FIG. 2, L = 210 mm, I ₁ = 85 mm, I ₂ = 109 mm, h ₁ = 23 mm, h ₂ = 33 mm, e ₁ = 6 mm and e ₂ = 8 mm.

We then intercalate a shim 3 between each tile 1 and the tray 2, the face lower plane 32 is then in contact on the tray 2, the upper face convex 31 then cooperates with the concavity 12 of the tile 1, guaranteeing and a good stability of it.

Tiles are glued on shims 3 using polyurethane putty previously mentioned.

The shims 3 can be replaced by a bead of foam 4 such 3 This cord 4 allows in particular the installation and the fixing tiles 1 of different sizes.

This cord consists of an expansive polyurethane foam and occupies about a volume of 1.4 liters per tile and has a weight about 56 g per tile.

The expansive polyurethane foam is contained in an aerosol in which an authorized propellant is injected to allow the extrusion of the product.

More specifically, the aerosol contains an expansive foam based on polyurethane prepolymer, and an authorized propellant is injected to allow the extrusion of the product that expands between the tray and the tile by sticking it, and after a few hours the product hardens by polymerization in the form of polyurethane in contact with air.

Different product products are commercially available, sold by different manufacturers, particularly in the SIKA under the trade name SIKABOOM

The two V-shaped grooves 213 made on the small base 212 of a convex slot 21 advantageously make it possible to limit the area wherein the foam is to be extruded. Once in contact with the air, this one expands, one can then dispose the tile 1 and the realized cordon comes in contact with it. We tie the tiles together as previously, with two pads 5 of mastic. The foam bead 6, in drying, hardening and solidifying the whole.

In order to verify that fixing the tiles on the foam cord of polyurethane is sufficient, mechanical tests have been carried out and show that this assembly guarantees the tile good resistance mechanical, including tensile and shear forces. Attempts have been made on several types of tiles. The resistance tests Traction efforts were made by subjecting a growing load to constant loading speed, in a direction perpendicular to the inner surface 32 of a shim 3, on two sides 13 and 14 of a tile 1 placed and maintained on a tray 2 according to the present invention, until tile 1 comes off. The device used makes it possible to draw vertically on the two lateral lips of the tile via of an articulated stirrup.

The results of shear resistance, or lateral traction, have been obtained by subjecting increasing load to loading speed constant, in a collinear direction to the surface 32 of a shim 3, the tile being placed and maintained according to the present invention on a tray 2 in vertical position, by means of a curved caliper taking side 13 of the tile.

A tensile strength greater than 125 daN has been observed up to 250 daN and shear strength greater than 200 daN up to 430 daN

For comparison in similar tests carried out on the same tiles but these being directly glued on plates of fibrocement corrugated according to the traditional process, tensile strengths below 100 daN and resistances of shearing from 100 to 195 daN.

Claims (12)

A method of producing a channel tile roof (1) in which said tiles (1) are placed on supports comprising self-supporting ribbed corrugated bins (2), with rows of said sloping tiles on the vertices (21) said slots (22) and overlapping so that the lower end of each tile covers the upper end of the tile immediately down the slope, said tiles all having a concavity directed downwards ,
characterized in that , between said tiles (1) and said pan (2), a material (3, 4) is inserted forming a continuous bearing surface along the entire length of the tile outside said overlapping zone, said material thus having an upper face conforming to the concave round shape of the tile and a lower face conforming to the substantially flat shape of the tops of said crenellations, said material adhering directly to said tray or being adhered to said tray, without the use of a lattice reinforcement, and said material consisting of: either by preformed shims (3) of synthetic or semi-synthetic material glued to said tray, either by expanded polyurethane foam (4) directly deposited on said tops of said crenellations. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that said material, consisting of said polyurethane foam (4) or said preformed wedges (3), has a density of 35 to 55 kg / m ³ . A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said preformed wedges are made of polystyrene, polyurethane or a mixture of cement and light particles such as expanded glass beads, expanded clay beads or mineral or vegetable fibers . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said material consisting of said expanded polyurethane foam (4) or said preformed wedges (4) occupies the volume formed between said tiles and said peaks of said slots so that said vertices said slots are substantially at a height substantially corresponding to half the depth of said tiles. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight of said material is from 10 g / m ² to 10 kg / m ² , preferably from 20 g to 1000 g / m ² . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a laying of about 10 tiles per m ^{2 is carried out} , said tiles overlapping for a length of 5 to 10 cm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said vertices (21) of said crenellations (22) comprise two longitudinal grooves (21 ₃ ), each of said two grooves being arranged along the lateral edges of said crenellations and thus delimiting the width of the area initially covered by the expanded polyurethane foam (4) at the time of its removal on said peaks of said slots in the form of polyurethane foam cords. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said tiles are glued to each other at their ends at said overlap area without fixing hook. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said tiles are tiles of identical regular shape and said material is constituted by said preformed wedges (3). Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said tiles are irregularly shaped tiles and not identical and said material is constituted by said expanded polyurethane foam (4). Method according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterized in that said vertices (21) of said crenellations (22) have a width of 110 to 115 mm, said crenellations having a height of about 50 mm and the flank (211 214) of said trapezoidal slots diverging upwardly at an angle between 0 and 15 °. Roof of the type comprising round tiles, obtained by a method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises, interposed between said tiles and said tray, a said material.

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