EP1475567A1 - Layered structure and method to produce such a layered structure - Google Patents

Layered structure and method to produce such a layered structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1475567A1
EP1475567A1 EP03010387A EP03010387A EP1475567A1 EP 1475567 A1 EP1475567 A1 EP 1475567A1 EP 03010387 A EP03010387 A EP 03010387A EP 03010387 A EP03010387 A EP 03010387A EP 1475567 A1 EP1475567 A1 EP 1475567A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
substrate
intermediate layer
structure according
layer structure
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EP03010387A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Thomas Dr. Bolms
Andreas Dr. Heselhaus
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to EP03010387A priority Critical patent/EP1475567A1/en
Publication of EP1475567A1 publication Critical patent/EP1475567A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/182—Transpiration cooling
    • F01D5/183—Blade walls being porous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/203—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by transpiration cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/612—Foam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a layer structure and a method for producing a layer structure according to claims 1 and 16.
  • the US-PS 3,825,364 shows an outer wall that is perfect is porous. Between this wall and a substrate there is a cavity.
  • US Pat. No. 5,080,557 shows a layer structure made of a substrate, a porous intermediate layer and an absolutely dense one outer layer.
  • U.S. Patent 4,318,666 shows compared to U.S. Patent 5,080,557 additionally cooling channels in the substrate on which a porous Intermediate layer and a dense outer layer applied is.
  • JP 10-231 704 shows a substrate with cooling channels and a porous intermediate layer.
  • PCT / EP02 / 07029 and US 6,412,541 show a porous Structure within a wall, the wall in turn outside has a coating.
  • the wall and the coating have cooling channels.
  • the layer structures have poor cooling on.
  • the object is achieved by a layer structure according to claim 1 and a method for producing a layer structure according to claim 16.
  • the intermediate layer can be varied locally, so the Cooling capacity can be varied locally or a pressure gradient adjusted along the outside of the layer structure his.
  • a larger temperature gradient is in the thermal barrier coating reached, which thus the substrate from too high temperatures protects.
  • FIG. 1 shows a layer structure 1 which consists of a substrate 4 and an at least partially porous intermediate layer 7 applied thereon.
  • the substrate 4 is, for example, a support structure of a turbine component (turbine blade, combustion chamber lining, ..).
  • the intermediate layer 7 can also be completely porous.
  • the intermediate layer 7 has pores 10.
  • a further at least partially sealed outer layer 13 is applied to this porous intermediate layer 7.
  • the substrate 4 is made, for example, of a nickel or cobalt-based one Super alloy made.
  • the intermediate layer 7 is metallic and / or ceramic and consists, for example, of an anti-corrosion alloy of the MCrAlX type, where M is an element from the group iron, cobalt or is nickel.
  • X stands for an element Y (yttrium) and / or the rare earth group.
  • the porous intermediate layer 7 can be prefabricated and is applied to the substrate 4, in particular directly, for example by soldering, gluing, welding or other fastening measures.
  • the porous intermediate layer 7 can also be produced, in particular cast, together with the substrate 4.
  • the porous intermediate layer 7 is, for example, foam or spongy with at least partially open press structure educated.
  • foam or sponge-like structure can for example by applying a slip on the Substrate 4 can be produced.
  • heat treatment creates a foam-like structure that changes simultaneously connects to the substrate 4.
  • the outer layer 13 is, for example, a ceramic Layer that can act in particular as a thermal insulation layer.
  • the substrate 4 is, for example, a nickel or cobalt-based super alloy.
  • the materials of the substrate 4 and the intermediate layer 7 can be of the same type (metallic, ceramic) and / or similar, in particular if the intermediate layer 7 is produced with the substrate 4.
  • Ceramic outer layers can be particularly advantageous 13 are used, which have no connection layer to the need metallic intermediate layer 7.
  • the substrate 4 has at least one cooling channel 16 through which flow a cooling medium, as indicated by the arrows can.
  • the porous intermediate layer 7 is gas-permeable configured so that the cooling medium through the cooling channel 16 through the gas-permeable intermediate layer 7 to the outer Layer 13 can flow.
  • the outer layer 13 has, for example, locations 19 at which the cooling medium can escape from the intermediate layer 7 through the outer layer 13.
  • the location 19 is, for example, porous and gas-permeable.
  • at least one cooling channel 19, in particular a cooling hole 19, ie without pores, can also be formed here.
  • the cooling channels 19 can be introduced subsequently.
  • the locations 19 and / or the cooling channels 16, 19 are, for example arranged to each other so that a cooling medium as possible perpendicular to the substrate 4 or the outer layer 13 Flows through layer structure 1.
  • the outer layer 13 does not have to have cooling channels 19 for film cooling exhibit. It can also be a closed circuit a cooling medium (gas, steam).
  • the outer layer 13 can be dipped, plasma sprayed or other processes are applied.
  • intermediate walls 22 can also be intermediate walls 22 (indicated by dashed lines) which prevent the cooling medium from flowing within the intermediate layer 7 along a direction 25 (flow direction of a hot gas in a gas turbine) because a pressure difference along the direction 25, such as in a gas turbine, is available.
  • the intermediate wall 22 can be formed by separate, for example non-porous, partition walls or by non-gas-permeable but porous regions of the intermediate layer 7, or can be carried out by filling or welding the porous intermediate layer 7 in these regions.
  • the size of the pores 10 is, for example, the outer layer 13 formed smaller, so that with a coating the intermediate layer 7 with the material of the outer layer 13 not too much material penetrates into the intermediate layer 7.
  • To the outside medium or fine grains for the coating for production the outer layer 13 can be used.
  • the flow rate of a cooling medium can be adjusted in order to adapt it to a cooling capacity which can be designed to be location-dependent. This can also be set by a location-dependent pore size in the intermediate layer.
  • Figure 2 shows a turbine blade 31 with an inventive trained layer structure 1.
  • the layer structure 1 is on the airfoil 34 of the turbine blade 31 applied and protects the turbine blade 31 against corrosion and excessive heat input.
  • the turbine blade 31 Since the layer structure 1 designed according to the invention enables efficient cooling, the turbine blade 31 has a longer service life or can be exposed to higher temperatures or consumes less cooling air.
  • the cooling air flows outward, for example, through a cavity 28 in the turbine blade 31. Effusion cooling (film cooling) is also possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The laminated structure (1) consists of a underlayer (4), an at least partially porous intermediate layer (7) on the underlayer, and an at least partially sealed outer layer (13). The intermediate layer and underlayer are metal or ceramic. The intermediate layer may be in foam or sponge form. The outer layer is ceramic and especially a heat insulating layer. The underlayer has cooling passages (16) through which a cooling medium through the underlayer can reach the porous intermediate layer. An independent claim is included for a method for the manufacture of a laminated structure.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schichtstruktur und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1 und 16.The invention relates to a layer structure and a method for producing a layer structure according to claims 1 and 16.

Die US-PS 3,825,364 zeigt eine äußere Wand, die vollkommen porös ausgebildet ist. Zwischen dieser Wand und einem Substrat ist ein Hohlraum vorhanden.The US-PS 3,825,364 shows an outer wall that is perfect is porous. Between this wall and a substrate there is a cavity.

Die US-PS 5,080,557 zeigt eine Schichtstruktur aus einem Substrat, einer porösen Zwischenschicht und einer absolut dichten äußeren Schicht.US Pat. No. 5,080,557 shows a layer structure made of a substrate, a porous intermediate layer and an absolutely dense one outer layer.

Die US-PS 4,318,666 zeigt im Vergleich zur US-PS 5,080,557 zusätzlich Kühlkanäle in dem Substrat, auf dem eine poröse Zwischenschicht und eine dichte äussere Schicht aufgebracht ist.U.S. Patent 4,318,666 shows compared to U.S. Patent 5,080,557 additionally cooling channels in the substrate on which a porous Intermediate layer and a dense outer layer applied is.

Die JP 10-231 704 zeigt ein Substrat mit Kühlkanälen und einer porösen Zwischenschicht.JP 10-231 704 shows a substrate with cooling channels and a porous intermediate layer.

Die PCT/EP02/07029 sowie die US 6,412,541 zeigen eine poröse Struktur innerhalb einer Wand, wobei die Wand wiederum außen eine Beschichtung aufweist. Die Wand und die Beschichtung weisen Kühlkanäle auf.PCT / EP02 / 07029 and US 6,412,541 show a porous Structure within a wall, the wall in turn outside has a coating. The wall and the coating have cooling channels.

Die Schichtstrukturen weisen jedoch eine schlechte Kühlung auf.However, the layer structures have poor cooling on.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Kühlung in einer Schichtstruktur zu verbessern. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide cooling in one Improve layer structure.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Schichtstruktur gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 16.The object is achieved by a layer structure according to claim 1 and a method for producing a layer structure according to claim 16.

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet.
Die in den Unteransprüchen aufgelisteten Maßnahmen können in vorteilhafter Art und Weise miteinander kombiniert werden.Further advantageous measures are listed in the subclaims.
The measures listed in the subclaims can be combined with one another in an advantageous manner.

Wenn die Porengröße der Zwischenschicht zur äußeren Schicht hin verkleinert wird, so dringt bei der Beschichtung mit dem Material der äusseren Schicht nicht so viel Material in die Zwischenschicht ein.If the pore size of the intermediate layer to the outer layer is reduced, so when coating with the Material of the outer layer does not have as much material in it Interlayer.

Wenn die Durchmesser der Kühlkanäle und/oder die Porengrösse der Zwischenschicht örtlich variiert werden, so kann die Kühlleistung örtlich variiert werden oder einem Druckgradienten entlang der Aussenseite der Schichtstruktur angepasst sein.If the diameter of the cooling channels and / or the pore size the intermediate layer can be varied locally, so the Cooling capacity can be varied locally or a pressure gradient adjusted along the outside of the layer structure his.

Da keine äußere dichte Wand mehr vorhanden ist, muss diese nicht mehr gekühlt werden, so dass die Kühlleistung sinkt.Since there is no longer an outer sealed wall, this must be done can no longer be cooled, so that the cooling capacity drops.

Ein größerer Temperaturgradient wird in der Wärmedämmschicht erreicht, die somit das Substrat vor zu hohen Temperaturen schützt.A larger temperature gradient is in the thermal barrier coating reached, which thus the substrate from too high temperatures protects.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist in den Figuren erläutert.An embodiment is illustrated in the figures.

Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine Schichtstruktur im Querschnitt und
  • Figur 2 eine Schichtstruktur auf einer Turbinenschaufel.
    • Show it
  • 1 shows a layer structure in cross section and
  • Figure 2 shows a layer structure on a turbine blade.

    • Figur 1 zeigt eine Schichtstruktur 1, die aus einem Substrat 4 und einer darauf aufgebrachten zumindest teilweisen porösen Zwischenschicht 7 besteht.
    Das Substrat 4 ist bspw. eine Tragstruktur eines Turbinenbauteils (Turbinenschaufel, Brennkammerauskleidung,..).
    Die Zwischenschicht 7 kann auch vollkommen porös ein. Die Zwischenschicht 7 weist Poren 10 auf.
    Auf dieser porösen Zwischenschicht 7 ist eine weitere zumindest teilweise dichte äußere Schicht 13 aufgebracht.    FIG. 1 shows a layer structure 1 which consists of a substrate 4 and an at least partially porous intermediate layer 7 applied thereon.
    The substrate 4 is, for example, a support structure of a turbine component (turbine blade, combustion chamber lining, ..).
    The intermediate layer 7 can also be completely porous. The intermediate layer 7 has pores 10.
    A further at least partially sealed outer layer 13 is applied to this porous intermediate layer 7.

    Das Substrat 4 ist beispielsweise aus einer nickel- oder kobaltbasierten Superlegierung hergestellt.The substrate 4 is made, for example, of a nickel or cobalt-based one Super alloy made.

    Die Zwischenschicht 7 ist metallisch und/oder keramisch und besteht beispielsweise aus einer Korrosionsschutzlegierung des Typs MCrAlX, wobei M ein Element der Gruppe Eisen, Kobalt oder Nickel ist. X steht für ein Element Y (Yttrium) und/oder der Gruppe der Seltenen Erden.The intermediate layer 7 is metallic and / or ceramic and consists, for example, of an anti-corrosion alloy of the MCrAlX type, where M is an element from the group iron, cobalt or is nickel. X stands for an element Y (yttrium) and / or the rare earth group.

    Die poröse Zwischenschicht 7 kann vorgefertigt sein und ist beispielsweise durch Löten, Kleben, Schweißen oder sonstige Befestigungsmaßnahmen auf dem Substrat 4, insbesondere direkt, aufgebracht.
    Die poröse Zwischenschicht 7 kann auch zusammen mit dem Substrat 4 hergestellt, insbesondere gegossen werden.    The porous intermediate layer 7 can be prefabricated and is applied to the substrate 4, in particular directly, for example by soldering, gluing, welding or other fastening measures.
    The porous intermediate layer 7 can also be produced, in particular cast, together with the substrate 4.

    Die poröse Zwischenschicht 7 ist beispielsweise schaum- oder schwammartig mit zumindest teilweiser offener Pressstruktur ausgebildet. Eine solche schaum- oder schwammartige Struktur kann beispielsweise durch Aufbringen eines Schlickers auf das Substrat 4 hergestellt werden. Durch eine Wärmebehandlung entsteht eine schaumartige Struktur, die sich gleichzeitig mit dem Substrat 4 verbindet.The porous intermediate layer 7 is, for example, foam or spongy with at least partially open press structure educated. Such a foam or sponge-like structure can for example by applying a slip on the Substrate 4 can be produced. By heat treatment creates a foam-like structure that changes simultaneously connects to the substrate 4.

    Die äußere Schicht 13 ist beispielsweise eine keramische Schicht, die insbesondere als Wärmedämmschicht wirken kann. The outer layer 13 is, for example, a ceramic Layer that can act in particular as a thermal insulation layer.

    Das Substrat 4 ist beispielsweise eine nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Superlegierung.
    Die Materialien des Substrats 4 und der Zwischenschicht 7 können gleichartig (metallisch, keramisch) und/oder ähnlich sein, insbesondere wenn die Zwischenschicht 7 mit dem Substrat 4 hergestellt wird.    The substrate 4 is, for example, a nickel or cobalt-based super alloy.
    The materials of the substrate 4 and the intermediate layer 7 can be of the same type (metallic, ceramic) and / or similar, in particular if the intermediate layer 7 is produced with the substrate 4.

    Insbesondere vorteilhaft können keramische äussere Schichten 13 verwendet werden, die keine Anbindungsschicht an die metallische Zwischenschicht 7 benötigen.Ceramic outer layers can be particularly advantageous 13 are used, which have no connection layer to the need metallic intermediate layer 7.

    Das Substrat 4 weist zumindest einen Kühlkanal 16 auf, durch den ein Kühlmedium, wie durch die Pfeile angedeutet, strömen kann. Dabei ist die poröse Zwischenschicht 7 gasdurchlässig ausgestaltet, so dass das Kühlmedium durch den Kühlkanal 16 durch die gasdurchlässige Zwischenschicht 7 hin zur äußeren Schicht 13 strömen kann.The substrate 4 has at least one cooling channel 16 through which flow a cooling medium, as indicated by the arrows can. The porous intermediate layer 7 is gas-permeable configured so that the cooling medium through the cooling channel 16 through the gas-permeable intermediate layer 7 to the outer Layer 13 can flow.

    Die äußere Schicht 13 weist beispielsweise Stellen 19 auf, an denen das Kühlmedium aus der Zwischenschicht 7 durch die äussere Schicht 13 austreten kann.
    Die Stelle 19 ist beispielsweise porös und gasdurchlässig ausgebildet.
    Insbesondere kann auch hier zumindest ein Kühlkanal 19, insbesondere eine Kühlloch 19, d.h. ohne Poren, ausgebildet sein.
    Die Kühlkanäle 19 können nachträglich eingebracht werden.    The outer layer 13 has, for example, locations 19 at which the cooling medium can escape from the intermediate layer 7 through the outer layer 13.
    The location 19 is, for example, porous and gas-permeable.
    In particular, at least one cooling channel 19, in particular a cooling hole 19, ie without pores, can also be formed here.
    The cooling channels 19 can be introduced subsequently.

    Die Stellen 19 und/oder die Kühlkanäle 16, 19 sind beispielsweise so zueinander angeordnet, dass ein Kühlmedium möglichst senkrecht zum Substrat 4 oder der äußeren Schicht 13 die Schichtstruktur 1 durchströmt.The locations 19 and / or the cooling channels 16, 19 are, for example arranged to each other so that a cooling medium as possible perpendicular to the substrate 4 or the outer layer 13 Flows through layer structure 1.

    Die äußere Schicht 13 muss keine Kühlkanäle 19 zur Filmkühlung aufweisen. Es kann auch ein geschlossener Kreislauf eines Kühlmediums (Gas, Dampf) vorhanden sein. The outer layer 13 does not have to have cooling channels 19 for film cooling exhibit. It can also be a closed circuit a cooling medium (gas, steam).

    Die äußere Schicht 13 kann durch Eintauchverfahren, Plasmaspritzen oder sonstige Verfahren aufgebracht werden.The outer layer 13 can be dipped, plasma sprayed or other processes are applied.

    Insbesondere können auch Zwischenwände 22 (gestrichelt angedeutet) vorhanden sein, die verhindern, dass das Kühlmedium innerhalb der Zwischenschicht 7 entlang einer Richtung 25 (Strömungsrichtung eines Heißgases in einer Gasturbine) strömt, weil entlang der Richtung 25 ein Druckunterschied, wie beispielsweise in einer Gasturbine, vorhanden ist.
    Die Zwischenwand 22 kann durch separate, bspw. nicht poröse, Trennwände oder durch nichtgasdurchlässige, aber poröse Bereiche der Zwischenschicht 7 ausgebildet sein oder durch Auffüllen bzw. Verschweißen der porösen Zwischenschicht 7 in diesen Bereichen erfolgen.    In particular, there can also be intermediate walls 22 (indicated by dashed lines) which prevent the cooling medium from flowing within the intermediate layer 7 along a direction 25 (flow direction of a hot gas in a gas turbine) because a pressure difference along the direction 25, such as in a gas turbine, is available.
    The intermediate wall 22 can be formed by separate, for example non-porous, partition walls or by non-gas-permeable but porous regions of the intermediate layer 7, or can be carried out by filling or welding the porous intermediate layer 7 in these regions.

    Die Größe der Poren 10 ist beispielsweise zur äußeren Schicht 13 hin kleiner ausgebildet, so dass bei einer Beschichtung der Zwischenschicht 7 mit dem Material der äußeren Schicht 13 nicht zuviel Material in die Zwischenschicht 7 eindringt. Dabei kann auch die äussere Schicht 13 an der Verbindungsoder Trennfläche zur Zwischenschicht 7 hin mit gröberen Körnern ausgebildet sein, die nicht in die poröse Struktur der Zwischenschicht 7 eindringen können. Nach außen hin können mittlere oder feinere Körner für die Beschichtung zur Herstellung der äußeren Schicht 13 verwendet werden.The size of the pores 10 is, for example, the outer layer 13 formed smaller, so that with a coating the intermediate layer 7 with the material of the outer layer 13 not too much material penetrates into the intermediate layer 7. The outer layer 13 on the connection or Partition surface to the intermediate layer 7 with coarser grains be formed that are not in the porous structure of the Intermediate layer 7 can penetrate. To the outside medium or fine grains for the coating for production the outer layer 13 can be used.

    Durch die Ausgestaltung der Innendurchmesser der Kühlkanäle 16, 19 bzw. der Porosität an den Stellen 19 kann der Durchfluss eines Kühlmediums eingestellt werden, um diesen an eine Kühlleistung anzupassen, die ortsabhängig ausgebildet sein kann.
    Dies kann auch durch eine ortsabhängige Porengröße in der Zwischenschicht eingestellt werden.    Due to the design of the inner diameter of the cooling channels 16, 19 or the porosity at the points 19, the flow rate of a cooling medium can be adjusted in order to adapt it to a cooling capacity which can be designed to be location-dependent.
    This can also be set by a location-dependent pore size in the intermediate layer.

    Figur 2 zeigt eine Turbinenschaufel 31 mit einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Schichtstruktur 1. Figure 2 shows a turbine blade 31 with an inventive trained layer structure 1.

    Die Schichtstruktur 1 ist auf dem Schaufelblatt 34 der Turbinenschaufel 31 aufgebracht und schützt die Turbinenschaufel 31 vor Korrosion und zu hohem Wärmeeintrag.The layer structure 1 is on the airfoil 34 of the turbine blade 31 applied and protects the turbine blade 31 against corrosion and excessive heat input.

    Da durch die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Schichtstruktur 1 eine effiziente Kühlung ermöglicht wird, weist die Turbinenschaufel 31 eine längere Lebensdauer auf oder kann höheren Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden oder verbraucht weniger Kühlluft.
    Die Kühlluft strömt bspw. über einen Hohlraum 28 der Turbinenschaufel 31 nach aussen.
    Eine Effusionskühlung (Filmkühlung) ist ebenso möglich.    Since the layer structure 1 designed according to the invention enables efficient cooling, the turbine blade 31 has a longer service life or can be exposed to higher temperatures or consumes less cooling air.
    The cooling air flows outward, for example, through a cavity 28 in the turbine blade 31.
    Effusion cooling (film cooling) is also possible.

    Claims (22)

    Schichtstruktur,
    bestehend aus
    einem Substrat (4),
    einer zumindest teilweisen porösen Zwischenschicht (7) auf dem Substrat (4),
    einer zumindest teilweisen dichten äußeren Schicht (13).    Layer structure,
    consisting of
    a substrate (4),
    an at least partially porous intermediate layer (7) on the substrate (4),
    an at least partially dense outer layer (13).         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zwischenschicht (7) metallisch oder keramisch ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the intermediate layer (7) is metallic or ceramic.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Substrat (4) metallisch oder keramisch ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the substrate (4) is metallic or ceramic.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zwischenschicht (7) schaum- oder schwammartig ausgebildet ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the intermediate layer (7) is foam or sponge-like.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die äußere Schicht (13) eine keramische Schicht, insbesondere eine Wärmedammschicht, ist.     Layer structure according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the outer layer (13) is a ceramic layer, in particular a thermal barrier layer.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Substrat (4) Kühlkanäle (16) aufweist,
    durch die ein Kühlmedium durch das Substrat (4) in die poröse Zwischenschicht (7) gelangen kann.    Layer structure according to claim 1 or 3,
    characterized in that
    the substrate (4) has cooling channels (16),
    through which a cooling medium can pass through the substrate (4) into the porous intermediate layer (7).         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1, 4 oder 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zwischenschicht (7) gasdurchlässig ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1, 4 or 6,
    characterized in that
    the intermediate layer (7) is gas permeable.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die äußere Schicht (13) Kühlkanäle (19) aufweist.    Layer structure according to claim 1 or 5,
    characterized in that
    the outer layer (13) has cooling channels (19).         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die äußere Schicht (13) stellenweise (19) porös ist, damit dort das Kühlmedium aus der Zwischenschicht (7) durch die äussere Schicht (13) hinausströmen kann.    Layer structure according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the outer layer (13) is porous in places (19) so that the cooling medium can flow out of the intermediate layer (7) through the outer layer (13).         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 6 oder 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Kühlkanäle (16, 19) verschiedene Innendurchmesser aufweisen,
    wodurch der Durchfluss eines Kühlmediums durch den Kühlkanal (16, 19) festgelegt ist.     Layer structure according to claim 6 or 8,
    characterized in that
    the cooling channels (16, 19) have different inner diameters,
    whereby the flow of a cooling medium through the cooling channel (16, 19) is fixed.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Porengröße der Zwischenschicht (7) örtlich verschieden ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the pore size of the intermediate layer (7) is locally different.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Porengröße zur äußeren Schicht (13) hin kleiner ist.    Layer structure according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    the pore size towards the outer layer (13) is smaller.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zwischenschicht (7) die Zusammensetzung MCrAlY aufweist,
    wobei M ein Element der Gruppe Fe, Co oder Ni und X das Element Y (Yttrium) und/oder ein Element der Seltenen Erden ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the intermediate layer (7) has the composition MCrAlY,
    where M is an element from the group Fe, Co or Ni and X is the element Y (yttrium) and / or an element of the rare earths.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Substrat (4) eine nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Superlegierung ist.    Layer structure according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the substrate (4) is a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy.         Schichtstruktur nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Materialien des Substrats (4) und der Zwischenschicht (7) verschieden oder gleich sind.     Layer structure according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the materials of the substrate (4) and the intermediate layer (7) are different or the same.         Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schichtstruktur (1) bei dem zuerst ein Substrat (4) mit einer zumindest teilweisen porösen Zwischenschicht (7) verbunden wird, und dann eine zumindest teilweise dichte äußere Schicht (13) auf die Zwischenschicht (7) aufgebracht wird.Method for producing a layer structure (1) in which first a substrate (4) with at least one partially porous intermediate layer (7) is connected, and then an at least partially dense outer layer (13) is applied to the intermediate layer (7). Verfahren nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die poröse Zwischenschicht (7) separat hergestellt wird, und dann mit dem Substrat (4) verbunden wird.    A method according to claim 16,
    characterized in that
    the porous intermediate layer (7) is produced separately, and then connected to the substrate (4).         Verfahren nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zwischenschicht (7) auf das Substrat (4) als Beschichtung aufgebracht wird.    A method according to claim 16,
    characterized in that
    the intermediate layer (7) is applied to the substrate (4) as a coating.         Verfahren nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die poröse Zwischenschicht (7) zusammen mit dem Substrat (4) gegossen wird.    A method according to claim 16,
    characterized in that
    the porous intermediate layer (7) is cast together with the substrate (4).         Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 oder 17,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die poröse Zwischenschicht (7) mit dem Substrat (4) verlötet, verschweißt, verklebt ist oder durch Haltemittel an dem Substrat (4) befestigt wird.     Method according to claim 16 or 17,
    characterized in that
    the porous intermediate layer (7) is soldered, welded, glued to the substrate (4) or fastened to the substrate (4) by holding means.         Verfahren nach Anspruch 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die äußere Schicht (13) durch ein Eintauchverfahren oder Plasmaspritzen aufgebracht wird.    A method according to claim 16,
    characterized in that
    the outer layer (13) is applied by an immersion process or plasma spraying.         Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 oder 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die poröse Zwischenschicht (7) zusammen mit dem Substrat (4) hergestellt wird.    Method according to claim 16 or 19,
    characterized in that
    the porous intermediate layer (7) is produced together with the substrate (4).
    EP03010387A 2003-05-08 2003-05-08 Layered structure and method to produce such a layered structure Withdrawn EP1475567A1 (en)

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    DE102008058142A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-27 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing and / or repairing a rotor of a turbomachine and rotor for this purpose
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