EP1468253A1 - Floating grounded z-leg for solid state synchro - Google Patents

Floating grounded z-leg for solid state synchro

Info

Publication number
EP1468253A1
EP1468253A1 EP02702050A EP02702050A EP1468253A1 EP 1468253 A1 EP1468253 A1 EP 1468253A1 EP 02702050 A EP02702050 A EP 02702050A EP 02702050 A EP02702050 A EP 02702050A EP 1468253 A1 EP1468253 A1 EP 1468253A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
synchro
leg
summer
receiver
amplifiers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02702050A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
James B. Harrington
Wesley C. Sewell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
Honeywell International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc filed Critical Honeywell International Inc
Publication of EP1468253A1 publication Critical patent/EP1468253A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/204—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils
    • G01D5/2073—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils by movement of a single coil with respect to two or more coils
    • G01D5/208—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils by movement of a single coil with respect to two or more coils using polyphase currents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to synchros, and more particularly, relates to a method of using the Z-leg of a synchro transmitter to correct amplitude relative to a remote ground.
  • a synchro is generally an electromechanical device used to convert a mechanical angle into an electrical signal or to convert an electrical signal into a mechanical angle.
  • Synchro outputs are generally sine waves in which the amplitude of the sine wave contains the mechanical angle information.
  • the amplitude of the sine wave may represent the rotation of a drive shaft of an engine.
  • Synchro devices are very common and are used in aerospace, robotics, factory automation, medical devices and other applications that involve rotating parts.
  • synchro devices There are several types of synchro devices, of which the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver are the most common.
  • the synchro transmitter consists of a rotor and a three-phase (X, Y, and Z) Y-connected stator, which provides the transmitter output.
  • the synchro receiver contains the same components.
  • the synchro receiver obtains the angle information from the synchro transmitter through its stator, while its rotor provides the receiver output.
  • the two devices generally work together.
  • Solid state synchro devices have replaced transformer type synchro devices in applications in which cost and size are a factor.
  • the two most common configurations for driving a synchro receiver are either actively driving all three legs (X, Y, and Z) or setting the Z-leg to ground and driving only the X and Y legs.
  • One of the drawbacks of using a solid state synchro is that the circuitry to drive the two active legs (X and Y) configuration is different that the circuitry to drive the three active leg (X, Y, and Z) configuration.
  • Transformer synchro devices do not have this limitation and can be operated with just two actively driven legs. The transformer synchro device will drive all three legs or will float the X-leg and the Y-leg with the non-driven Z-leg tied to ground.
  • Driving all three legs requires one third more power than driving just two legs, which increases the amount of circuitry required.
  • Two-leg solid state synchros work well in systems in which the Z-leg is electrically connected to the ground of the synchro transmitter.
  • the synchro receiver also has its own Z-leg grounded there can be a potential difference between the synchro transmitter ground and the synchro receiver ground. This potential difference may cause the synchro receiver to obtain erroneous mechanical angle information from the synchro transmitter.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a single channel of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a single channel of the invention including built-in test circuitry.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention including built-in test circuitry.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a single channel, either an X-leg or a Y-leg, of an exemplary embodiment.
  • Synchro system 100 includes two inputs; synchro input 102 and Z-leg 108, and one output, synchro output 106.
  • the synchro system 100 also includes two amplifiers, synchro amplifier 104 and remote sense amplifier 110, and a synchro summer 112.
  • the amplifiers 104, 110 may be operational amplifiers, but other amplifying devices may be used.
  • the summer 112 may be a passive device, such as a resistor network. Active devices may also be used as a summer.
  • the synchro system 100 may be located on a printed wiring board; however, other designs may be employed.
  • the synchro input 102 is electrically connected to the synchro summer 112.
  • the synchro input 102 is electrically connected to the synchro summer 112.
  • Z-leg 108 is electrically connected to the remote sense amplifier 110.
  • the remote sense amplifier 110 is also electrically connected to the synchro summer 112.
  • An output of the synchro summer 112 is electrically connected to the synchro amplifier 104.
  • An output of the synchro amplifier 104 is the synchro output 106.
  • Other intermediate devices may also be included within the various connections without departing from the intended scope of the system.
  • the synchro input signal 102 is amplified by the synchro amplifier 104, whose output is the synchro output signal 106.
  • the synchro input signal 102 may be generated by a sine wave generator, such as a digital to analog converter or a phase lock loop circuit, and is typically a 400 Hz sine wave. Other frequencies may be used.
  • the synchro output signal 106 may be used as an input signal to a synchro receiver.
  • the synchro receiver is not shown in Fig. 1.
  • the synchro receiver may be standard avionics instrumentation, such as a Roll Pitch Yaw Computer.
  • the gain of the amplifier 104 is dependent on the gains of other amplifiers with the goal of balancing the X and the Y legs. A gain of one half may be used in an exemplary embodiment.
  • the synchro output signal 106 has the ground reference of the synchro amplifier 104. If the synchro receiver has a different ground reference, there will be a loss of accuracy with respect to the angle information. To correct this loss in accuracy, the Z-leg 108 is used to sense the ground reference of the synchro receiver. By electrically connecting the Z-leg 108 to the ground of the synchro receiver, the Z-leg 108 becomes an input to the synchro system 100. The Z-leg 108 input is amplified by the remote sense amplifier 110 and is then summed with the synchro input signal 102 at the synchro summer 112. Fig.
  • the synchro amplifier 104 then amplifies the output of the synchro summer 112.
  • the synchro output signal 106 is now shifted relative to the ground reference of the synchro receiver and therefore, the synchro receiver may receive accurate angle information.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a single channel, either an X-leg or a Y-leg, of an exemplary embodiment using built-in test (BIT) circuitry.
  • BIT circuitry is a wrap-around circuit that is used for error detection.
  • Synchro system 200 includes two inputs; synchro input 102 and Z-leg 108, and two outputs; synchro output 106 and BIT output 114.
  • the synchro system 200 includes two amplifiers; synchro amplifier 104 and remote sense amplifier 110, and two summers; synchro summer 112 and BIT summer 116.
  • the synchro input 102 is electrically connected to the synchro summer 112.
  • the Z-leg 108 is electrically connected to the remote sense amplifier 110.
  • the remote sense amplifier 110 is also electrically connected to the synchro summer 112 and the BIT summer 116.
  • An output of the synchro summer 112 is electrically connected to the synchro amplifier 104.
  • An output of the synchro amplifier 104 is the synchro output 106.
  • the synchro output 106 is also an input to the BIT summer 116.
  • An output of the BIT summer 116 is the BIT output 114.
  • the potential shift is removed from the BIT output 114 to avoid errors in the wrap-around test.
  • the BIT output 114 feeds a microprocessor that is not part of exemplary synchro system 200 and is not shown in Fig. 2.
  • the microprocessor compares the BIT output 114 with the expected synchro output signal 106 without the potential shift.
  • the Z-leg 108 becomes an input to the BIT circuit.
  • the remote sense amplifier 110 may be configured with an inverter.
  • the BIT summer 116 removes the potential shift from the synchro output signal 106.
  • Fig. 2 shows one of the inputs to the BIT summer 116 as having a positive polarity and a second input as having a negative polarity; however, other embodiments may be employed that would alter the polarity of the inputs.
  • the resulting BIT output 114 of the BIT summer 116 will pass the wrap-around test if there are no problems with the synchro output signal 106.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic of an exemplary embodiment using the BIT circuitry.
  • Standard operational amplifiers and passive devices may be employed, providing higher reliability than systems employing transformers or high current drivers that may be used to actively drive a Z-leg.
  • synchro transmitters and synchro receivers may be used to implement the exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • this invention is not limited to synchro transmitters and synchro receivers, but applies to all forms of synchro, resolver, and ac transmitter devices.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

The Z-leg signal is used as an input to a synchro transmitter and is connected to the ground of a synchro receiver. The Z-leg senses the potential difference between the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver ground references. The synchro input signal is summed with the Z-leg signal and is then amplified. The synchro output signal is shifted by the potential difference between the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver.

Description

Floating Grounded Z-leg for Solid State Synchro
Honeywell Case No. A12-26142
(MBHB Case No. 00-699)
FIELD
The present invention relates generally to synchros, and more particularly, relates to a method of using the Z-leg of a synchro transmitter to correct amplitude relative to a remote ground.
BACKGROUND
A synchro is generally an electromechanical device used to convert a mechanical angle into an electrical signal or to convert an electrical signal into a mechanical angle. Synchro outputs are generally sine waves in which the amplitude of the sine wave contains the mechanical angle information. For example, the amplitude of the sine wave may represent the rotation of a drive shaft of an engine. Synchro devices are very common and are used in aerospace, robotics, factory automation, medical devices and other applications that involve rotating parts.
There are several types of synchro devices, of which the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver are the most common. The synchro transmitter consists of a rotor and a three-phase (X, Y, and Z) Y-connected stator, which provides the transmitter output. The synchro receiver contains the same components. The synchro receiver obtains the angle information from the synchro transmitter through its stator, while its rotor provides the receiver output. The two devices generally work together.
Solid state synchro devices have replaced transformer type synchro devices in applications in which cost and size are a factor. The two most common configurations for driving a synchro receiver are either actively driving all three legs (X, Y, and Z) or setting the Z-leg to ground and driving only the X and Y legs. One of the drawbacks of using a solid state synchro is that the circuitry to drive the two active legs (X and Y) configuration is different that the circuitry to drive the three active leg (X, Y, and Z) configuration. Transformer synchro devices do not have this limitation and can be operated with just two actively driven legs. The transformer synchro device will drive all three legs or will float the X-leg and the Y-leg with the non-driven Z-leg tied to ground.
Driving all three legs requires one third more power than driving just two legs, which increases the amount of circuitry required. The high drive current and the additional circuitry, required to actively drive all three legs, usually have a negative impact on system reliability.
Two-leg solid state synchros work well in systems in which the Z-leg is electrically connected to the ground of the synchro transmitter. However, when the synchro receiver also has its own Z-leg grounded there can be a potential difference between the synchro transmitter ground and the synchro receiver ground. This potential difference may cause the synchro receiver to obtain erroneous mechanical angle information from the synchro transmitter.
There is a need to correct for the potential difference so that the synchro receiver obtains accurate mechanical angle information. One way to maintain accuracy is to use a precision transformer to float the synchro X and Y signals with the Z signal. However, transformers can be too costly and too large for many applications. It would be desirable to send accurate mechanical angle information from a synchro transmitter to a synchro receiver that has its Z-leg grounded without having to use transformers. SUMMARY Exemplary embodiments are described for correcting the amplitude of a solid state synchro when the synchro receiver has its own Z-leg grounded. The Z-leg of the synchro transmitter is connected to the ground of the synchro receiver. As such, the Z-leg of the synchro transmitter becomes an input providing the ground potential information of the synchro receiver to the synchro transmitter. The synchro input signal is summed with the Z-leg signal and is then amplified. The synchro output signal is shifted based on the amount of the potential difference between the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Presently preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the appended drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements in the various figures, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a single channel of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a single channel of the invention including built-in test circuitry. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention including built-in test circuitry.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a single channel, either an X-leg or a Y-leg, of an exemplary embodiment. Synchro system 100 includes two inputs; synchro input 102 and Z-leg 108, and one output, synchro output 106. The synchro system 100 also includes two amplifiers, synchro amplifier 104 and remote sense amplifier 110, and a synchro summer 112. The amplifiers 104, 110 may be operational amplifiers, but other amplifying devices may be used. The summer 112 may be a passive device, such as a resistor network. Active devices may also be used as a summer. The synchro system 100 may be located on a printed wiring board; however, other designs may be employed. The synchro input 102 is electrically connected to the synchro summer 112. The
Z-leg 108 is electrically connected to the remote sense amplifier 110. The remote sense amplifier 110 is also electrically connected to the synchro summer 112. An output of the synchro summer 112 is electrically connected to the synchro amplifier 104. An output of the synchro amplifier 104 is the synchro output 106. Other intermediate devices may also be included within the various connections without departing from the intended scope of the system.
The synchro input signal 102 is amplified by the synchro amplifier 104, whose output is the synchro output signal 106. The synchro input signal 102 may be generated by a sine wave generator, such as a digital to analog converter or a phase lock loop circuit, and is typically a 400 Hz sine wave. Other frequencies may be used. The synchro output signal 106 may be used as an input signal to a synchro receiver. The synchro receiver is not shown in Fig. 1. The synchro receiver may be standard avionics instrumentation, such as a Roll Pitch Yaw Computer. The gain of the amplifier 104 is dependent on the gains of other amplifiers with the goal of balancing the X and the Y legs. A gain of one half may be used in an exemplary embodiment. Without any adjustment, the synchro output signal 106 has the ground reference of the synchro amplifier 104. If the synchro receiver has a different ground reference, there will be a loss of accuracy with respect to the angle information. To correct this loss in accuracy, the Z-leg 108 is used to sense the ground reference of the synchro receiver. By electrically connecting the Z-leg 108 to the ground of the synchro receiver, the Z-leg 108 becomes an input to the synchro system 100. The Z-leg 108 input is amplified by the remote sense amplifier 110 and is then summed with the synchro input signal 102 at the synchro summer 112. Fig. 1 shows the inputs to the synchro summer 112 as having a positive polarity; however, other embodiments may be employed that would alter the polarity of the inputs. The synchro amplifier 104 then amplifies the output of the synchro summer 112. The synchro output signal 106 is now shifted relative to the ground reference of the synchro receiver and therefore, the synchro receiver may receive accurate angle information.
Fig. 2 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a single channel, either an X-leg or a Y-leg, of an exemplary embodiment using built-in test (BIT) circuitry. BIT circuitry is a wrap-around circuit that is used for error detection. Synchro system 200 includes two inputs; synchro input 102 and Z-leg 108, and two outputs; synchro output 106 and BIT output 114. The synchro system 200 includes two amplifiers; synchro amplifier 104 and remote sense amplifier 110, and two summers; synchro summer 112 and BIT summer 116.
The synchro input 102 is electrically connected to the synchro summer 112. The Z-leg 108 is electrically connected to the remote sense amplifier 110. The remote sense amplifier 110 is also electrically connected to the synchro summer 112 and the BIT summer 116. An output of the synchro summer 112 is electrically connected to the synchro amplifier 104. An output of the synchro amplifier 104 is the synchro output 106. The synchro output 106 is also an input to the BIT summer 116. An output of the BIT summer 116 is the BIT output 114.
For synchro systems 200 that include a BIT circuit to verify the accuracy of the synchro output signal 106, the potential shift is removed from the BIT output 114 to avoid errors in the wrap-around test. The BIT output 114 feeds a microprocessor that is not part of exemplary synchro system 200 and is not shown in Fig. 2. The microprocessor compares the BIT output 114 with the expected synchro output signal 106 without the potential shift.
To implement BIT in the synchro system 200, the Z-leg 108 becomes an input to the BIT circuit. The remote sense amplifier 110 may be configured with an inverter. The BIT summer 116 removes the potential shift from the synchro output signal 106. Fig. 2 shows one of the inputs to the BIT summer 116 as having a positive polarity and a second input as having a negative polarity; however, other embodiments may be employed that would alter the polarity of the inputs. The resulting BIT output 114 of the BIT summer 116 will pass the wrap-around test if there are no problems with the synchro output signal 106.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic of an exemplary embodiment using the BIT circuitry. Standard operational amplifiers and passive devices may be employed, providing higher reliability than systems employing transformers or high current drivers that may be used to actively drive a Z-leg.
Other devices and layouts may be used to implement the exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention. Similarly, this invention is not limited to synchro transmitters and synchro receivers, but applies to all forms of synchro, resolver, and ac transmitter devices.

Claims

WE CLAIM:
1. A system of correcting an amplitude of a solid state synchro, comprising in combination: a Z-leg of a synchro transmitter electrically connected to a ground of a synchro receiver; a synchro input signal which is added to the Z-leg with a summer; and a synchro output signal which is shifted by a potential difference between the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver.
2. The system of Claim 1, further comprising at least two amplifiers, wherein a first amplifier amplifies the Z-leg and a second amplifier amplifies an output of the summer.
3. The system of Claim 2, wherein the at least two amplifiers are operational amplifiers.
4. The system of Claim 2, wherein a gain of the at least two amplifiers is chosen to balance an X-leg and a Y-leg.
5. The system of Claim 1, wherein the synchro input signal is generated by a sine wave generator.
6. The system of Claim 1, wherein the synchro receiver is electronic instrumentation.
7. The system of Claim 1, wherein the summer is a resistor.
8. A system of correcting an amplitude of a solid state synchro, comprising in combination: a Z-leg of a synchro transmitter electrically connected to a ground of a synchro receiver; a synchro input signal which is added to the Z-leg with a summer; a synchro output signal which is shifted by a potential difference between the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver; and a built-in-test output signal which is the synchro output signal without a potential difference shift.
9. The system of Claim 8, further comprising in at least two amplifiers, wherein a first amplifier amplifies the Z-leg and a second amplifier amplifies an output of the summer.
10. The system of Claim 9, wherein the at least two amplifiers are operational amplifiers.
11. The system of Claim 9, wherein a gain of the at least two amplifiers is chosen to balance an X-leg and a Y-leg.
12. The system of Claim 8, wherein the synchro input signal is generated by a sine wave generator.
13. The system of Claim 8, wherein the synchro receiver is electronic instrumentation.
14. The system of Claim 8, wherein the summer is a resistor.
15. A method of correcting an amplitude of a solid state synchro, comprising electrically connecting a Z-leg of a synchro transmitter to a ground of a synchro receiver.
16. The method of Claim 15, further comprising of adding a synchro input signal to the Z-leg with a summer.
17. The method of Claim 16, wherein the synchro input signal is generated by a sine wave generator.
18. The method of Claim 16, wherein the summer is a resistor.
19. The method of Claim 15, wherein the synchro receiver is electronic instrumentation.
20. A synchro transmitter, comprising in combination: a Z-leg electrically connected to a ground of a synchro receiver, wherein a Z-leg signal contains a ground reference of the synchro receiver; and a summer which adds the Z-leg signal to a synchro input signal, wherein the summer is operable to output a synchro output signal, and wherein the synchro output signal is substantially the synchro input signal shifted by the ground reference.
21. The system of Claim 20, further comprising at least two amplifiers, wherein a first amplifier amplifies the Z-leg and a second amplifier amplifies an output of the summer.
22. The system of Claim 21, wherein the at least two amplifiers are operational amplifiers.
23. The system of Claim 21, wherein a gain of the at least two amplifiers is chosen to balance an X-leg and a Y-leg.
24. The system ot Claim 2O, wherein the synchro input signal is generated by a sine wave generator.
25. The system of Claim 20, wherein the synchro receiver is electronic instrumentation.
26. The system of Claim 20, wherein the summer is a resistor.21.
27. A method of correcting an amplitude of a solid state synchro, comprising in combination: connecting a Z-leg of a synchro transmitter to a ground of a synchro receiver; adding a synchro input signal to the Z-leg with a summer; and shifting a synchro output signal according to a potential difference between the synchro transmitter and the synchro receiver.
28. The method of Claim 27, wherein the synchro input signal is generated by a sine wave generator.
29. The method of Claim 27, wherein the summer is a resistor.
30. The method of Claim 27, wherein the synchro receiver is electronic instrumentation.
EP02702050A 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Floating grounded z-leg for solid state synchro Withdrawn EP1468253A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2002/001827 WO2003067195A1 (en) 2002-01-22 2002-01-22 Floating grounded z-leg for solid state synchro

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1468253A1 true EP1468253A1 (en) 2004-10-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1468253A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005517167A (en)
WO (1) WO2003067195A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4270120A (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-05-26 The Singer Company Solid state synchro torque receiver driver

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03067195A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003067195A1 (en) 2003-08-14
JP2005517167A (en) 2005-06-09

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