EP1467143B1 - Vehicle headlamp comprising means for spreading transversely the light beam - Google Patents

Vehicle headlamp comprising means for spreading transversely the light beam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1467143B1
EP1467143B1 EP04290889A EP04290889A EP1467143B1 EP 1467143 B1 EP1467143 B1 EP 1467143B1 EP 04290889 A EP04290889 A EP 04290889A EP 04290889 A EP04290889 A EP 04290889A EP 1467143 B1 EP1467143 B1 EP 1467143B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
headlight
light
globally
transversely
light beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04290889A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1467143A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Brun
Antoine De Lamberterie
Médéric Heurtier
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Valeo Vision SAS
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Valeo Vision SAS
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Publication of EP1467143A1 publication Critical patent/EP1467143A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
    • F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
    • F21S41/336—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/28—Cover glass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor vehicle lighting projector.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to a motor vehicle lighting headlamp which is intended to produce a regulatory lighting beam, comprising a light source which is placed generally at the intersection between a longitudinal optical axis and a transverse optical axis, and which produces a light beam of which at least one so-called lateral part is transmitted transversely transversely to one side and a protective glass which is arranged at the front of the headlamp, the headlamp comprising a convergent dioptric element whose optical axis is substantially transversely aligned with the light source, so as to receive the lateral portion of the light beam on its input face and so as to channel the lateral portion in a generally transverse direction oriented towards the side.
  • a projector of this type is known, for example, documents FR 35133 E or EP 1179705 A1 .
  • the invention aims to provide a lighting projector that can be arranged in such a housing and that can achieve a regulatory lighting beam.
  • the lighting fixture shall also have the most uniform illuminating surface possible, ie the luminance the headlamp must be substantially homogeneous over its entire front surface.
  • the front surface of the lighting projector must be able to stand in a height of 50 millimeters and in a width of 300 millimeters.
  • the invention proposes a lighting projector of the type described above, characterized in that it comprises an associated reflecting element comprising a diverging optical surface which is arranged generally facing the exit face of the dioptric element. convergent, and which is provided to reflect the lateral channeled part of the light beam generally towards the front, so as to spread transversely the light beam on the rear face of the protective glass, in that the light source is a linear filament which is arranged generally along the longitudinal optical axis, so that the regulatory lighting beam is formed essentially by filament images oriented substantially transversely, and in that the reflective element is generally convex towards the front and globally the shape of a cylinder portion, the cylinder having a substantially vertical axis.
  • FIG 1 there is shown schematically a lighting projector 10 of a motor vehicle which is made according to the teachings of the invention.
  • the projector 10 is provided to produce a regulatory lighting beam oriented towards the front, generally along a longitudinal optical axis A-A which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
  • the forward orientation corresponds globally to a left-to-right orientation, along the longitudinal axis AA, considering Figure 1.
  • the regulatory lighting beam is for example a flat cut beam, such as a fog light, or a beam of driving light.
  • the projector 10 here comprises a housing 12 which is delimited by an upper horizontal wall 14, a lower horizontal wall 16, a vertical rear wall 18 and a protective front window 20.
  • FIG. 1 the upper horizontal wall 14 is shown exploded with respect to the rest of the housing 12.
  • the projector 10 comprises a light source 22 which is arranged inside the housing 12.
  • the light source 22 is here formed by a filament lamp 26 which extends substantially longitudinally inside the housing 12, through a mounting hole 28 formed in the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.
  • the filament 26 is arranged generally on the longitudinal axis A-A, at the intersection between the longitudinal axis A-A and a transverse direction B-B.
  • the projector 10 comprises two convergent dioptric elements, left and right respectively 32, which are arranged on either side of the filament 26, and which are aligned transversely with the filament 26.
  • the convergent dioptric elements 30, 32 here are lenses, for example aspherical, whose optical axes are substantially coincident with the transverse direction B-B.
  • each lens 30, 32 is arranged facing the filament 26.
  • the exit surface 36 of the left lens 30 is oriented to the left, and the exit surface 36 of the right lens 32 is arranged to the right.
  • the projector 10 also comprises a left reflective element 38 and a right reflective element 40 which are each associated respectively with one of the two lenses 30, 32.
  • the reflecting elements 38, 40 are here vertical mirrors in the form of substantially cylindrical portion of vertical axis.
  • Each mirror 38, 40 has a diverging reflecting surface 42 which is generally convex towards the front and which is arranged transversely facing the outlet face 36 of the associated lens 30, 32.
  • the mirrors 38, 40 here constitute two lateral end portions of the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.
  • the mirrors 38, 40 may therefore be formed by depositing a reflective material, such as aluminum, on the internal face of the associated portions of the housing 12.
  • Each mirror 38, 40 delimits here, in a horizontal plane, a curved profile, whose ends are offset transversely, so that each mirror 38, 40 has a vertical rear edge 44 which is close to the associated lens 30, 32, and a vertical front edge 46 which is remote from the associated lens 30, 32.
  • the projector 10 comprises a reflector 48 of longitudinal optical axis A-A, which is substantially longitudinally aligned with the filament 26, and which is arranged at the rear of the filament 26.
  • the reflector 48 is here of the complex surface type. It comprises a reflection front surface 50 of generally parabolic concave shape.
  • the reflector 48 is here formed in a central portion of the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.
  • Figure 2 shows only the main optical elements of the projector 10, and the filament 26 is likened to a point light source.
  • the light source 22 is represented in the form of a rectangle which symbolizes the filament 26 of the lamp 24 of FIG.
  • the filament 26 produces a light beam consisting of light rays emitted globally in all directions.
  • a right lateral portion of the light beam is received by the input face 34 of the right lens 32, which channels this portion of the beam in a generally transverse direction oriented to the right.
  • the filament 26 is arranged at the focus of the right lens 32, so that the right lens 32 then functions as a collimator which transmits the light rays received on its input face 34, in a direction parallel to the transverse direction BB, to the right.
  • the channeled beam is reflected on the reflecting wall 42 of the right mirror 40, which reflects the light rays forward, transversely spreading the light beam on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.
  • the left side portion of the light beam, which is received on the input face 34 of the left lens 30, is reflected by the left mirror 38 forwards on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20. .
  • the reflection surface 42 of each mirror 38, 40 comprises a plurality of circumferential portions, or vertical ridges 54, of different profiles, so as to spread the transverse light beam as much as possible by distributing in a substantially homogeneous manner the light rays on the face rear 52 of the protective glass 20.
  • the rear reflector 48 makes it possible to reflect forwards the light rays emitted backwards by the filament 26. It contributes to homogeneously distributing the light rays on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.
  • the reflection surface 50 of the rear reflector 48 can be optimized to form a lighting beam having a cut.
  • the light rays received on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20 refract through the protective glass 20, forward and they produce at the front a regulatory lighting beam F.
  • the images of the filament 26 which are emitted forwards by the lateral optical systems, that is to say by the associated lens / mirror systems, are oriented substantially horizontally on a screen placed at the front of the projector 10. Therefore, it is easy to make a flat-cut regulatory beam, such as a fog beam, by aligning the images of the filament 26 along and below a transverse line forming the flat cut.
  • a flat-cut regulatory beam such as a fog beam
  • the alignment of the images can be conveniently achieved, for example by optimizing the vertical profile of the mirrors 38, 40 and vertical streaks 54.
  • the shape of the illumination beam produced by the projector 10, in particular the transverse spreading of this beam, can be optimized by appropriately selecting the value of the focal length of each lens 30, 32 and choosing the position of the filament 26 on the transverse axis BB relative to the focus of each lens 30, 32.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the positioning of the filament 26 with respect to the right lens 32 for the production of a regulatory lighting beam of the fog lamp type.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 represents the numerical aperture of the lens 32 with respect to the filament 26, which determines the amount of luminous flux received by the lens 32 on its input surface 34.
  • the distance T1 represents the transverse distance, or draw, between the filament 26 and the input surface 34 of the lens 32.
  • the draw (T2> T1) is increased by compared to the previous embodiment relating to the fog.
  • the increase of the print makes it possible to obtain images of the smaller filament 26, at the exit of the lens 32, which facilitates the concentration of the luminous flux along the optical axis A-A, for the production of the beam of high beam.
  • the increase in the draw T2 results in a decrease in the numerical aperture, thus a decrease in the luminous flux received by the lens 32.
  • the lens 32 is truncated in its upper part and in its lower part, which makes it possible to minimize its vertical bulk, despite the increase in the diameter of the lens 32, to make a projector 10 of low height.
  • the value of the numerical aperture ⁇ 3 in the vertical transverse plane is smaller than the numerical aperture value ⁇ 1, but the numerical aperture value ⁇ 2 does not change. in the horizontal transverse plane.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the projector 10 according to the invention, in which vertical streaks 56 are arranged, not on the mirrors 38, 40, but on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20, so as to spread transversely the light beam passing through the ice 20.
  • the vertical streaks 56 may be arranged only in a central zone of the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20 which is located generally facing the reflector 48.
  • FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the projector 10 according to the invention, in which the mirrors 38, 40 are plane mirrors which have vertical ridges 54 on their internal reflection face 42.
  • This embodiment is distinguished from the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 by replacing cylindrical mirrors 38, 40 by planar mirrors.
  • Each plane mirror 38, 40 is substantially vertical and is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction A-A and with respect to the transverse direction B-B.
  • the aspherical lenses 30, 32 can be replaced by other types of lenses, for example by semi-cylindrical type lenses whose axis of each half-cylinder is parallel to the longitudinal axis AA.
  • the inner faces of the upper 14 and lower 16 walls may comprise reflection facets that collect the light rays emitted by the filament 26, respectively upwardly and downwardly. , and which reflect these light rays towards the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.
  • reflection facets only on the inner face of a single wall, upper 14 or lower 16, for example on the inner face of the upper wall 14, in the case of a projector 10 realizing a fog light.
  • Such reflection facets make it possible to increase the luminous efficiency of the projector 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

The light has a filament (26) arranged along a longitudinal optical axis (A-A) for producing a light beam. A reflecting unit reflects a channelised lateral part of the light beam towards the front of the light to transversally spread the light beam on a back face (52) of a protection glass (20). The filament images that are emitted towards the front of the light are oriented horizontally on a screen placed at the front.

Description

La présente invention concerne un projecteur d'éclairage de véhicule automobile.The present invention relates to a motor vehicle lighting projector.

La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un projecteur d'éclairage de véhicule automobile qui est prévu pour réaliser un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire, comportant une source lumineuse qui est placée globalement à l'intersection entre un axe optique longitudinal et un axe optique transversal, et qui produit un faisceau lumineux dont au moins une partie, dite latérale, est émise globalement transversalement vers un côté, et une glace de protection qui est agencée à l'avant du projecteur, le projecteur comportant un élément dioptrique convergent dont l'axe optique est sensiblement aligné transversalement avec la source lumineuse, de manière à recevoir la partie latérale du faisceau lumineux sur sa face d'entrée et de manière à canaliser la partie latérale suivant une direction globalement transversale orientée vers le côté.The present invention more particularly relates to a motor vehicle lighting headlamp which is intended to produce a regulatory lighting beam, comprising a light source which is placed generally at the intersection between a longitudinal optical axis and a transverse optical axis, and which produces a light beam of which at least one so-called lateral part is transmitted transversely transversely to one side and a protective glass which is arranged at the front of the headlamp, the headlamp comprising a convergent dioptric element whose optical axis is substantially transversely aligned with the light source, so as to receive the lateral portion of the light beam on its input face and so as to channel the lateral portion in a generally transverse direction oriented towards the side.

Un projecteur de ce type est connu, par exemple, des documents FR 35133 E ou EP 1179705 A1 .A projector of this type is known, for example, documents FR 35133 E or EP 1179705 A1 .

Les contraintes de style et d'aérodynamisme qui guident la réalisation de carrosseries de véhicule automobile imposent la forme des logements qui reçoivent les projecteurs d'éclairage. Ainsi, certains constructeurs automobiles souhaitent pouvoir agencer un projecteur d'éclairage dans un logement dont la surface frontale, par laquelle les rayons lumineux sont émis, a une très faible hauteur verticale et une très grande largeur, suivant une direction transversale perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du véhicule.The constraints of style and aerodynamics that guide the realization of motor vehicle bodies impose the shape of housing that receive the lighting projectors. Thus, some car manufacturers wish to be able to arrange a lighting projector in a housing whose front surface, through which the light rays are emitted, has a very small vertical height and a very large width, in a transverse direction perpendicular to the axis longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

L'invention vise à proposer un projecteur d'éclairage qui puisse être agencé dans un tel logement et qui puisse réaliser un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire.The invention aims to provide a lighting projector that can be arranged in such a housing and that can achieve a regulatory lighting beam.

Le projecteur d'éclairage doit en outre avoir une plage éclairante la plus uniforme possible, c'est à dire que la luminance du projecteur doit être sensiblement homogène sur toute sa surface frontale.The lighting fixture shall also have the most uniform illuminating surface possible, ie the luminance the headlamp must be substantially homogeneous over its entire front surface.

La surface frontale du projecteur d'éclairage doit notamment pouvoir tenir dans une hauteur de 50 millimètres et dans une largeur de 300 millimètres.In particular, the front surface of the lighting projector must be able to stand in a height of 50 millimeters and in a width of 300 millimeters.

Dans ce but, l'invention propose un projecteur d'éclairage du type décrit précédemment, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un élément réfléchissant associé comportant une surface optique divergente qui est agencée globalement en regard de la face de sortie de l'élément dioptrique convergent, et qui est prévue pour réfléchir la partie latérale canalisée du faisceau lumineux globalement vers l'avant, de manière à étaler transversalement le faisceau lumineux sur la face arrière de la glace de protection, en ce que la source lumineuse est un filament linéaire qui est agencé globalement suivant l'axe optique longitudinal, de manière que le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire soit formé essentiellement par des images du filament orientées sensiblement transversalement, et en ce que l'élément réfléchissant est globalement convexe vers l'avant et il a globalement la forme d'une portion de cylindre, le cylindre ayant un axe sensiblement vertical.For this purpose, the invention proposes a lighting projector of the type described above, characterized in that it comprises an associated reflecting element comprising a diverging optical surface which is arranged generally facing the exit face of the dioptric element. convergent, and which is provided to reflect the lateral channeled part of the light beam generally towards the front, so as to spread transversely the light beam on the rear face of the protective glass, in that the light source is a linear filament which is arranged generally along the longitudinal optical axis, so that the regulatory lighting beam is formed essentially by filament images oriented substantially transversely, and in that the reflective element is generally convex towards the front and globally the shape of a cylinder portion, the cylinder having a substantially vertical axis.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • la source lumineuse est agencée entre le foyer de l'élément dioptrique convergent et la face d'entrée dudit élément dioptrique ;
  • l'élément dioptrique convergent est une lentille ;
  • la lentille est du type asphérique ;
  • la lentille est du type semi-cylindrique, le cylindre ayant un axe sensiblement longitudinal ;
  • la lentille comporte une portion supérieure et/ou une portion inférieure tronquées de manière à minimiser la hauteur de la lentille pour une distance focale déterminée ;
  • l'élément réfléchissant est un miroir plan vertical qui est incliné par rapport à la direction longitudinale et par rapport à la direction transversale ;
  • le dispositif réfléchissant comporte des stries verticales qui sont prévues pour étaler transversalement la partie réfléchie du faisceau lumineux ;
  • le projecteur comporte un réflecteur d'axe optique longitudinal qui est sensiblement aligné longitudinalement avec la source lumineuse, et qui est agencé à l'arrière de la source lumineuse, de manière à répartir les rayons lumineux émis globalement longitudinalement vers l'arrière, sur la face arrière de la glace de protection ;
  • le réflecteur est du type à surface complexe et de forme globalement parabolique concave à l'avant ;
  • le faisceau lumineux produit par la source comporte une partie latérale droite, qui est émise globalement transversalement vers le côté droit, et une partie latérale gauche, qui est émise globalement transversalement vers le côté gauche, et le projecteur comporte deux élément dioptriques convergents et deux éléments optiques réfléchissants associés, qui sont agencés transversalement de part et d'autre de la source lumineuse ;
  • la glace de protection comporte des stries verticales qui sont prévues pour étaler transversalement le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire.
According to other features of the invention:
  • the light source is arranged between the focus of the convergent dioptric element and the input face of said dioptric element;
  • the convergent dioptric element is a lens;
  • the lens is of the aspheric type;
  • the lens is of the semi-cylindrical type, the cylinder having a substantially longitudinal axis;
  • the lens comprises an upper portion and / or a lower portion truncated so as to minimize the height of the lens for a determined focal length;
  • the reflective element is a vertical plane mirror which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction and with respect to the transverse direction;
  • the reflecting device has vertical ridges which are provided to spread transversely the reflected part of the light beam;
  • the projector comprises a longitudinal optical axis reflector which is substantially longitudinally aligned with the light source, and which is arranged at the rear of the light source, so as to distribute the light rays emitted globally longitudinally towards the rear, on the back side of the protective glass;
  • the reflector is of the complex surface type and of generally concave parabolic shape at the front;
  • the light beam produced by the source comprises a right lateral part, which is emitted generally transversely towards the right side, and a left lateral part, which is emitted globally transversely towards the left side, and the projector comprises two convergent dioptric elements and two elements associated reflective optics, which are arranged transversely on either side of the light source;
  • the protective glass has vertical ridges which are provided for transversely spreading the regulatory lighting beam.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée qui représente schématiquement un projecteur d'éclairage réalisé conformément aux enseignements de l'invention selon un premier mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus qui représente schématiquement de manière simplifiée le projecteur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus qui illustre schématiquement le positionnement du filament par rapport à la lentille droite pour la réalisation d'un faisceau réglementaire de feu antibrouillard ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3 qui illustre schématiquement le positionnement du filament par rapport à la lentille droite pour la réalisation d'un faisceau réglementaire de feu de route ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue arrière du filament et de la lentille de la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 2 qui représente schématiquement un deuxième mode de réalisation du projecteur selon l'invention comportant une glace de protection striée verticalement ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3 qui représente schématiquement un troisième mode de réalisation du projecteur selon l'invention comportant des miroirs plans striés verticalement.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view which shows schematically a lighting projector made according to the teachings of the invention according to a first embodiment;
  • Figure 2 is a top view which schematically shows schematically the projector of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view from above which schematically illustrates the positioning of the filament with respect to the straight lens for the realization of a fog light regulation beam;
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 3 which schematically illustrates the positioning of the filament relative to the right lens for the realization of a regulatory high beam;
  • Figure 5 is a rear view of the filament and lens of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 which shows schematically a second embodiment of the projector according to the invention having a vertically striated protective glass;
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to that of Figure 3 which shows schematically a third embodiment of the projector according to the invention having planar mirrors vertically striated.

Pour la description de l'invention, on adoptera à titre non limitatif les orientations verticale, longitudinale et transversale selon le repère V, L, T indiqué aux figures.For the description of the invention, the vertical, longitudinal and transverse orientations according to the reference V, L, T indicated in the figures will be adopted without limitation.

Dans la description qui va suivre, des éléments identiques, similaires ou analogues seront désignés par les mêmes chiffres de référence.In the following description, identical, similar or similar elements will be designated by the same reference numerals.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement un projecteur d'éclairage 10 de véhicule automobile qui est réalisé conformément aux enseignements de l'invention.In Figure 1, there is shown schematically a lighting projector 10 of a motor vehicle which is made according to the teachings of the invention.

Le projecteur 10 est prévu pour réaliser un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire orienté vers l'avant, globalement suivant un axe optique longitudinal A-A qui est sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du véhicule.The projector 10 is provided to produce a regulatory lighting beam oriented towards the front, generally along a longitudinal optical axis A-A which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

L'orientation vers l'avant correspond globalement à une orientation de la gauche vers la droite, suivant l'axe longitudinal A-A, en considérant la figure 1.The forward orientation corresponds globally to a left-to-right orientation, along the longitudinal axis AA, considering Figure 1.

Le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire est par exemple un faisceau à coupure plate, tel qu'un faisceau antibrouillard, ou un faisceau de feu de route.The regulatory lighting beam is for example a flat cut beam, such as a fog light, or a beam of driving light.

Le projecteur 10 comporte ici un boîtier 12 qui est délimité par une paroi horizontale supérieure 14, par une paroi horizontale inférieure 16, par une paroi arrière verticale 18 et par une glace avant de protection 20.The projector 10 here comprises a housing 12 which is delimited by an upper horizontal wall 14, a lower horizontal wall 16, a vertical rear wall 18 and a protective front window 20.

Sur la figure 1, la paroi horizontale supérieure 14 est représentée éclatée par rapport au reste du boîtier 12.In FIG. 1, the upper horizontal wall 14 is shown exploded with respect to the rest of the housing 12.

Le projecteur 10 comporte une source lumineuse 22 qui est agencée à l'intérieur du boîtier 12.The projector 10 comprises a light source 22 which is arranged inside the housing 12.

La source lumineuse 22 est ici formée par une lampe 24 à filament 26 qui s'étend sensiblement longitudinalement à l'intérieur du boîtier 12, au travers d'un trou de montage 28 réalisé dans la paroi arrière 18 du boîtier 12.The light source 22 is here formed by a filament lamp 26 which extends substantially longitudinally inside the housing 12, through a mounting hole 28 formed in the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.

Le filament 26 est agencé globalement sur l'axe longitudinal A-A, à l'intersection entre l'axe longitudinal A-A et une direction transversale B-B.The filament 26 is arranged generally on the longitudinal axis A-A, at the intersection between the longitudinal axis A-A and a transverse direction B-B.

Conformément aux enseignements de l'invention, le projecteur 10 comporte deux éléments dioptriques convergents, respectivement gauche 30 et droit 32, qui sont agencés de part et d'autre du filament 26, et qui sont alignés transversalement avec le filament 26.According to the teachings of the invention, the projector 10 comprises two convergent dioptric elements, left and right respectively 32, which are arranged on either side of the filament 26, and which are aligned transversely with the filament 26.

Les éléments dioptriques convergents 30, 32 sont ici des lentilles, par exemple asphériques, dont les axes optiques sont sensiblement confondus avec la direction transversale B-B.The convergent dioptric elements 30, 32 here are lenses, for example aspherical, whose optical axes are substantially coincident with the transverse direction B-B.

La surface d'entrée 34 de chaque lentille 30, 32 est agencée en regard du filament 26.The entrance surface 34 of each lens 30, 32 is arranged facing the filament 26.

La surface de sortie 36 de la lentille gauche 30 est orientée vers la gauche, et la surface de sortie 36 de la lentille droite 32 est agencée vers la droite.The exit surface 36 of the left lens 30 is oriented to the left, and the exit surface 36 of the right lens 32 is arranged to the right.

Le projecteur 10 comporte aussi un élément réfléchissant gauche 38 et un élément réfléchissant droit 40 qui sont associés chacun respectivement à l'une des deux lentilles 30, 32.The projector 10 also comprises a left reflective element 38 and a right reflective element 40 which are each associated respectively with one of the two lenses 30, 32.

Les éléments réfléchissants 38, 40 sont ici des miroirs verticaux en forme de portion sensiblement cylindrique d'axe vertical. Chaque miroir 38, 40 comporte une surface de réflexion divergente 42 qui est globalement convexe vers l'avant et qui est agencée transversalement en regard de la face de sortie 36 de la lentille 30, 32 associée.The reflecting elements 38, 40 are here vertical mirrors in the form of substantially cylindrical portion of vertical axis. Each mirror 38, 40 has a diverging reflecting surface 42 which is generally convex towards the front and which is arranged transversely facing the outlet face 36 of the associated lens 30, 32.

Les miroirs 38, 40 constituent ici deux portions d'extrémité latérale de la paroi arrière 18 du boîtier 12.The mirrors 38, 40 here constitute two lateral end portions of the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.

Les miroirs 38, 40 peuvent donc être formés par le dépôt d'un matériau réfléchissant, tel que de l'aluminium, sur la face interne des portions associées du boîtier 12.The mirrors 38, 40 may therefore be formed by depositing a reflective material, such as aluminum, on the internal face of the associated portions of the housing 12.

Chaque miroir 38, 40 délimite ici, dans un plan horizontal, un profil courbe, dont les extrémités sont décalées transversalement, de sorte que chaque miroir 38, 40 comporte une arête arrière verticale 44 qui est proche de la lentille 30, 32 associée, et une arête avant verticale 46 qui est éloignée de la lentille 30, 32 associée.Each mirror 38, 40 delimits here, in a horizontal plane, a curved profile, whose ends are offset transversely, so that each mirror 38, 40 has a vertical rear edge 44 which is close to the associated lens 30, 32, and a vertical front edge 46 which is remote from the associated lens 30, 32.

Avantageusement, le projecteur 10 comporte un réflecteur 48 d'axe optique longitudinal A-A, qui est sensiblement aligné longitudinalement avec le filament 26, et qui est agencé à l'arrière du filament 26.Advantageously, the projector 10 comprises a reflector 48 of longitudinal optical axis A-A, which is substantially longitudinally aligned with the filament 26, and which is arranged at the rear of the filament 26.

Le réflecteur 48 est ici du type à surface complexe. Il comporte une surface avant de réflexion 50 de forme globalement parabolique concave.The reflector 48 is here of the complex surface type. It comprises a reflection front surface 50 of generally parabolic concave shape.

Le réflecteur 48 est ici formé dans une portion centrale de la paroi arrière 18 du boîtier 12.The reflector 48 is here formed in a central portion of the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.

On explique maintenant le fonctionnement du projecteur 10 selon l'invention, notamment en référence à la figure 2.The operation of the projector 10 according to the invention is now explained, in particular with reference to FIG. 2.

Sur la figure 2, pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention, on a représenté uniquement les principaux éléments optiques du projecteur 10, et le filament 26 est assimilé à une source lumineuse ponctuelle.In Figure 2, to facilitate understanding of the invention, it shows only the main optical elements of the projector 10, and the filament 26 is likened to a point light source.

La source lumineuse 22 est représentée sous la forme d'un rectangle qui symbolise le filament 26 de la lampe 24 de la figure 1.The light source 22 is represented in the form of a rectangle which symbolizes the filament 26 of the lamp 24 of FIG.

Le filament 26 produit un faisceau lumineux constitué de rayons lumineux émis globalement dans toutes les directions.The filament 26 produces a light beam consisting of light rays emitted globally in all directions.

Une partie latérale droite du faisceau lumineux est reçue par la face d'entrée 34 de la lentille droite 32, qui canalise cette partie du faisceau suivant une direction globalement transversale orientée vers la droite.A right lateral portion of the light beam is received by the input face 34 of the right lens 32, which channels this portion of the beam in a generally transverse direction oriented to the right.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté ici, le filament 26 est agencé au foyer de la lentille droite 32, de sorte que la lentille droite 32 fonctionne alors comme un collimateur qui transmet les rayons lumineux reçus sur sa face d'entrée 34, suivant une direction parallèle à la direction transversale B-B, vers la droite.According to the embodiment shown here, the filament 26 is arranged at the focus of the right lens 32, so that the right lens 32 then functions as a collimator which transmits the light rays received on its input face 34, in a direction parallel to the transverse direction BB, to the right.

Le faisceau canalisé vient se réfléchir sur la paroi réfléchissante 42 du miroir droit 40, qui renvoie les rayons lumineux vers l'avant, en étalant transversalement le faisceau lumineux sur la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20.The channeled beam is reflected on the reflecting wall 42 of the right mirror 40, which reflects the light rays forward, transversely spreading the light beam on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.

De manière similaire, la portion latérale gauche du faisceau lumineux, qui est reçue sur la face d'entrée 34 de la lentille gauche 30, est réfléchie par le miroir gauche 38 vers l'avant sur la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20.Similarly, the left side portion of the light beam, which is received on the input face 34 of the left lens 30, is reflected by the left mirror 38 forwards on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20. .

De préférence, la surface de réflexion 42 de chaque miroir 38, 40 comporte plusieurs portions circonférentielles, ou stries verticales 54, de profils différents, de manière à étaler au maximum le faisceau lumineux transversalement en répartissant de manière sensiblement homogène les rayons lumineux sur la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20.Preferably, the reflection surface 42 of each mirror 38, 40 comprises a plurality of circumferential portions, or vertical ridges 54, of different profiles, so as to spread the transverse light beam as much as possible by distributing in a substantially homogeneous manner the light rays on the face rear 52 of the protective glass 20.

Le réflecteur arrière 48 permet de réfléchir vers l'avant les rayons lumineux émis vers l'arrière par le filament 26. Il contribue à répartir de manière homogène les rayons lumineux sur la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20.The rear reflector 48 makes it possible to reflect forwards the light rays emitted backwards by the filament 26. It contributes to homogeneously distributing the light rays on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.

La surface de réflexion 50 du réflecteur arrière 48 peut être optimisée de manière à former un faisceau d'éclairage comportant une coupure.The reflection surface 50 of the rear reflector 48 can be optimized to form a lighting beam having a cut.

Les rayons lumineux reçus sur la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20 se réfractent à travers la glace de protection 20, vers l'avant et ils produisent à l'avant un faisceau réglementaire d'éclairage F.The light rays received on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20 refract through the protective glass 20, forward and they produce at the front a regulatory lighting beam F.

Grâce à l'agencement du filament 26 sur l'axe optique longitudinal A-A, les images du filament 26 qui sont émises vers l'avant, par les systèmes optiques latéraux, c'est à dire par les systèmes lentille/miroir associés, sont orientées sensiblement horizontalement sur un écran placé à l'avant du projecteur 10. Par conséquent, il est facile de réaliser un faisceau réglementaire à coupure plate, tel qu'un faisceau antibrouillard, en alignant les images du filament 26 le long et en dessous d'une ligne transversale formant la coupure plate.Thanks to the arrangement of the filament 26 on the longitudinal optical axis AA, the images of the filament 26 which are emitted forwards by the lateral optical systems, that is to say by the associated lens / mirror systems, are oriented substantially horizontally on a screen placed at the front of the projector 10. Therefore, it is easy to make a flat-cut regulatory beam, such as a fog beam, by aligning the images of the filament 26 along and below a transverse line forming the flat cut.

L'alignement des images peut être réalisé de manière adéquate, par exemple en optimisant le profil vertical des miroirs 38, 40 et des stries verticales 54.The alignment of the images can be conveniently achieved, for example by optimizing the vertical profile of the mirrors 38, 40 and vertical streaks 54.

La forme du faisceau d'éclairage produit par le projecteur 10, en particulier l'étalement transversal de ce faisceau, peut être optimisé en choisissant de manière appropriée la valeur de la distance focale de chaque lentille 30, 32 et en choisissant la position du filament 26 sur l'axe transversal B-B par rapport au foyer de chaque lentille 30, 32.The shape of the illumination beam produced by the projector 10, in particular the transverse spreading of this beam, can be optimized by appropriately selecting the value of the focal length of each lens 30, 32 and choosing the position of the filament 26 on the transverse axis BB relative to the focus of each lens 30, 32.

La figure 3 illustre schématiquement le positionnement du filament 26 par rapport à la lentille droite 32 pour la réalisation d'un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire du type feu antibrouillard.FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the positioning of the filament 26 with respect to the right lens 32 for the production of a regulatory lighting beam of the fog lamp type.

L'angle α1 représente l'ouverture numérique de la lentille 32 par rapport au filament 26, ce qui détermine la quantité de flux lumineux reçue par la lentille 32 sur sa surface d'entrée 34.The angle α1 represents the numerical aperture of the lens 32 with respect to the filament 26, which determines the amount of luminous flux received by the lens 32 on its input surface 34.

La distance T1 représente la distance transversale, ou tirage, entre le filament 26 et la surface d'entrée 34 de la lentille 32.The distance T1 represents the transverse distance, or draw, between the filament 26 and the input surface 34 of the lens 32.

Avantageusement, selon une variante de réalisation qui est représentée sur les figures 4 et 5, et qui correspond ici à un projecteur 10 prévu pour réaliser un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire du type feu de route, on augmente le tirage (T2 > T1) par rapport au mode de réalisation précédent relatif à l'antibrouillard.Advantageously, according to an alternative embodiment which is represented in FIGS. 4 and 5, and which corresponds here to a projector 10 provided for producing a regulatory lighting beam of the high beam type, the draw (T2> T1) is increased by compared to the previous embodiment relating to the fog.

L'augmentation du tirage permet d'obtenir des images du filament 26 plus petites, à la sortie de la lentille 32, ce qui facilite la concentration du flux lumineux suivant l'axe optique A-A, pour la réalisation du faisceau de feu de route.The increase of the print makes it possible to obtain images of the smaller filament 26, at the exit of the lens 32, which facilitates the concentration of the luminous flux along the optical axis A-A, for the production of the beam of high beam.

Si le diamètre de la lentille 32 ne change pas, par rapport au mode de réalisation de la figure 3, l'augmentation du tirage T2 entraîne une diminution de l'ouverture numérique, donc une diminution du flux lumineux reçu par la lentille 32. C'est pourquoi, on choisit ici d'augmenter le diamètre de la lentille 32, de sorte que l'ouverture numérique α2 soit par exemple la même que dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3 (α2=α1).If the diameter of the lens 32 does not change, compared with the embodiment of FIG. 3, the increase in the draw T2 results in a decrease in the numerical aperture, thus a decrease in the luminous flux received by the lens 32. C For this reason, we choose here to increase the diameter of the lens 32, so that the numerical aperture α2 is for example the same as in the embodiment of FIG. 3 (α2 = α1).

Avantageusement, comme illustré par la figure 5, la lentille 32 est tronquée dans sa partie supérieure et dans sa partie inférieure, ce qui permet de minimiser son encombrement vertical, malgré l'augmentation du diamètre de la lentille 32, pour réaliser un projecteur 10 de faible hauteur.Advantageously, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the lens 32 is truncated in its upper part and in its lower part, which makes it possible to minimize its vertical bulk, despite the increase in the diameter of the lens 32, to make a projector 10 of low height.

Ainsi, par rapport au mode de réalisation de la figure 3, la valeur de l'ouverture numérique α3, dans le plan transversal vertical, est inférieure à la valeur d'ouverture numérique α1, mais la valeur d'ouverture numérique α2 ne change pas dans le plan transversal horizontal.Thus, with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 3, the value of the numerical aperture α3 in the vertical transverse plane is smaller than the numerical aperture value α1, but the numerical aperture value α2 does not change. in the horizontal transverse plane.

Sur la figure 6, on a représenté un deuxième mode de réalisation du projecteur 10 selon l'invention, dans lequel des stries verticales 56 sont agencées, non pas sur les miroirs 38, 40, mais sur la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20, de manière à étaler transversalement le faisceau lumineux qui traverse la glace 20.FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the projector 10 according to the invention, in which vertical streaks 56 are arranged, not on the mirrors 38, 40, but on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20, so as to spread transversely the light beam passing through the ice 20.

Selon une variante (non représentée) du deuxième mode de réalisation, les stries verticales 56 peuvent être agencées uniquement dans une zone centrale de la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20 qui est située globalement en regard du réflecteur 48.According to a variant (not shown) of the second embodiment, the vertical streaks 56 may be arranged only in a central zone of the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20 which is located generally facing the reflector 48.

Sur la figure 7, on a représenté un troisième mode de réalisation du projecteur 10 selon l'invention, dans lequel les miroirs 38, 40 sont des miroirs plans qui comportent des stries verticales 54 sur leur face interne de réflexion 42. Ce mode de réalisation se distingue du mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2 par le remplacement des miroirs 38, 40 cylindriques par des miroirs plan.FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the projector 10 according to the invention, in which the mirrors 38, 40 are plane mirrors which have vertical ridges 54 on their internal reflection face 42. This embodiment is distinguished from the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 by replacing cylindrical mirrors 38, 40 by planar mirrors.

Chaque miroir plan 38, 40 est sensiblement vertical et il est incliné par rapport à la direction longitudinale A-A et par rapport à la direction transversale B-B.Each plane mirror 38, 40 is substantially vertical and is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction A-A and with respect to the transverse direction B-B.

Selon une variante de réalisation (non représentée) de l'invention, on peut remplacer les lentilles asphériques 30, 32 par d'autres types de lentilles, par exemple par des lentilles du type semi-cylindriques dont l'axe de chaque demi-cylindre est parallèle à l'axe longitudinal A-A.According to an alternative embodiment (not shown) of the invention, the aspherical lenses 30, 32 can be replaced by other types of lenses, for example by semi-cylindrical type lenses whose axis of each half-cylinder is parallel to the longitudinal axis AA.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation (non représentée) de l'invention, les faces internes des parois supérieure 14 et inférieure 16 peuvent comporter des facettes de réflexion qui collectent les rayons lumineux émis par le filament 26, respectivement vers le haut et vers le bas, et qui réfléchissent ces rayons lumineux vers la face arrière 52 de la glace de protection 20.According to another embodiment (not shown) of the invention, the inner faces of the upper 14 and lower 16 walls may comprise reflection facets that collect the light rays emitted by the filament 26, respectively upwardly and downwardly. , and which reflect these light rays towards the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.

Il est possible de n'agencer ces facettes de réflexion que sur la face interne d'une seule paroi, supérieure 14 ou inférieure 16, par exemple sur la face interne de la paroi supérieure 14, dans le cas d'un projecteur 10 réalisant un faisceau antibrouillard.It is possible to arrange these reflection facets only on the inner face of a single wall, upper 14 or lower 16, for example on the inner face of the upper wall 14, in the case of a projector 10 realizing a fog light.

De telles facettes de réflexion permettent d'augmenter le rendement lumineux du projecteur 10.Such reflection facets make it possible to increase the luminous efficiency of the projector 10.

Claims (12)

  1. Lighting headlight (10) for a motor vehicle which is designed to provide a regulation lighting beam (F), comprising a source of light (26) which is placed globally at the intersection between a longitudinal optical axis (A-A) and a transverse optical axis (B-B), and which produces a light beam, at least one part of which, known as the lateral part, is emitted globally transversely to one side, and protective glass (20) which is arranged at the front of the headlight (10), the headlight comprising a convergent dioptric element (30, 32), the optical axis (B-B) of which is substantially aligned transversely to the source of light (26), such as to receive the lateral part of the light beam on its intake surface (34) and such as to channel the lateral part according to a globally transverse direction (B-B) which is oriented towards the side,
    characterised in that it comprises an associated reflective element (38, 40) comprising a divergent optical surface (42) which is arranged globally opposite the output surface (36) of the convergent dioptric element (30, 32), and is designed to reflect the channelled lateral part of the light beam globally forwards, such as to spread the light beam transversely on the rear surface (52) of the protective glass (20), in that the source of light (26) is a linear filament which is arranged globally according to the longitudinal optical axis (A-A) such that the regulation light beam (F) is formed substantially by images of the filament (26) which are oriented substantially transversely, and in that the reflective element (38, 40) is globally convex towards the front and is globally in the form of a portion of cylinder, the cylinder having a substantially vertical axis.
  2. Headlight (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the source of light (26) is arranged between the focal point of the convergent dioptric element (30, 32) and the intake surface (34) of the said dioptric element (30, 32).
  3. Headlight (10) according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the convergent dioptric element (30, 32) is a lens.
  4. Headlight (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the lens (30, 32) is of the aspheric type.
  5. Headlight (10) according to claim 3 characterised in that the lens (30, 32) is of the semi-cylindrical type, the cylinder having a substantially longitudinal axis.
  6. Headlight (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the lens (30, 32) comprises an upper portion and/or a lower portion which are truncated such as to minimise the height of the lens (30, 32) for a predetermined focal distance.
  7. Headlight (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the reflective element (38, 40) is a vertical flat mirror which is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction (A-A) and relative to the transverse direction (B-B).
  8. Headlight (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the reflective device (38, 40) comprises vertical striations (54) which are designed to spread transversely the reflective part of the light beam.
  9. Headlight (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a reflector (48) with a longitudinal optical axis (A-A) which is substantially aligned longitudinally with the light source (26), and which is arranged at the rear of the source of light (26), such as to distribute the rays of light which are emitted globally longitudinally towards the rear, on the rear surface (52) of the protective glass (20).
  10. Headlight (10) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the reflector (48) is of the complex surface type, with a concave globally parabolic form at the front.
  11. Headlight (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the light beam produced by the source (26) comprises a straight lateral part which is emitted globally transversely to the right-hand side, and a left lateral part, which is emitted globally transversely to the left-hand side, and in that the headlight (10) comprises two convergent dioptric elements (30, 32) and two associated reflective optical elements (38, 40), which are arranged transversely on both sides of the source of light (26).
  12. Headlight (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the protective glass (20) comprises vertical striations (56) which are designed to spread the regulation light beam (F) transversely.
EP04290889A 2003-04-08 2004-04-02 Vehicle headlamp comprising means for spreading transversely the light beam Expired - Lifetime EP1467143B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0304426 2003-04-08
FR0304426A FR2853718B1 (en) 2003-04-08 2003-04-08 LIGHTING PROJECTOR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE COMPRISING MEANS FOR TRANSVERSALLY EXAMINING THE LIGHT BEAM

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EP1467143A1 EP1467143A1 (en) 2004-10-13
EP1467143B1 true EP1467143B1 (en) 2007-07-04

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EP04290889A Expired - Lifetime EP1467143B1 (en) 2003-04-08 2004-04-02 Vehicle headlamp comprising means for spreading transversely the light beam

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EP (1) EP1467143B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE366390T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004007318T2 (en)
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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2887997B1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2008-04-11 Valeo Vision Sa OPTICAL GUIDE BIT WITH BRIGHTNESS RADIATION
DE102012006505A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Scattered lens for a headlight
DE102015006258B4 (en) 2015-05-15 2017-01-26 Friedrich Grimm HEADLIGHTS WITH A REVERSED RADIATION
EP4042063B1 (en) * 2019-10-10 2023-12-06 Signify Holding B.V. A lighting device
CN111306508B (en) * 2020-03-17 2024-09-10 马瑞利汽车零部件(芜湖)有限公司 Thick-wall piece optical system with holes at positions before chamfering at intersections of adjacent collimators
WO2022143331A1 (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-07 欧普照明股份有限公司 Optical module and lamp

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR35133E (en) * 1928-03-28 1929-12-03 Improvements to non-glare automotive headlights
FR674139A (en) * 1928-04-27 1930-01-23 Headlight for motor vehicles
FR36397E (en) * 1929-01-11 1930-05-10 Improvements to non-glare automotive headlights
FR2621679B1 (en) * 1987-10-13 1990-02-09 Cibie Projecteurs LOW HEIGHT HIGH SPEED RECOVERY ROAD PROJECTOR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE
FR2729740B1 (en) * 1995-01-19 1997-04-18 Valeo Vision MOTOR VEHICLE HEADLIGHT COMPRISING DIOPTRIC MEANS INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE SOURCE AND THE MIRROR
DE19704467B4 (en) * 1997-02-06 2006-07-20 Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh Vehicle headlights
US6361191B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2002-03-26 Jerome H. Simon Off-axis and segment collimation and projection
JP3390412B2 (en) * 2000-08-07 2003-03-24 株式会社キャットアイ head lamp

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Publication number Publication date
EP1467143A1 (en) 2004-10-13
ES2289451T3 (en) 2008-02-01
FR2853718B1 (en) 2005-09-23
ATE366390T1 (en) 2007-07-15
FR2853718A1 (en) 2004-10-15
DE602004007318D1 (en) 2007-08-16
DE602004007318T2 (en) 2008-03-06

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