EP1455053A2

EP1455053A2 - Airfoil shape for a turbine nozzle

Info

Publication number: EP1455053A2
Application number: EP04251229A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Robert Wayne Coke; James Bernard Fehlberg; Charles Andrew Malinowski
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 2003-03-03
Filing date: 2004-03-03
Publication date: 2004-09-08
Also published as: TW200427918A; US20040175271A1; US6887041B2; JP2004263699A; EP1455053A3

Abstract

A third stage nozzle has an airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein X and Y values are in inches and define airfoil profile sections (32) at each distance Z and Z is a non-dimensional value from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches. The profile sections at the Z distances are joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape. The X and Y distances may be scalable to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down airfoil for the nozzle. The nominal airfoil given by the X, Y and Z distances lies within an envelope of ±0.100 inches.

Description

The present invention relates to an airfoil for a nozzle stage of a gas turbine and particularly relates to an airfoil for a third stage nozzle of a gas turbine.

Many specific requirements must be met for each stage of the hot gas path section of a gas turbine in order to meet design goals, including overall improved efficiency and loading. Particularly, the third stage of the turbine section must meet efficiency, heat load, life, throat area and vectoring requirements to meet that goal.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an airfoil shape for a nozzle stage of a gas turbine, preferably the third stage nozzle, that enhances the performance of the gas turbine. The airfoil shape hereof improves the interaction between various stages in the turbine, affords improved aerodynamic efficiency through the third stage and improves the third stage blade loading. Thus, the profile of each second stage nozzle airfoil which in part defines the hot gas path annulus about the nozzle stage meets the requirements for improved stage efficiency, as well as parts life and manufacturability.

In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine nozzle including an airfoil having an airfoil shape, the airfoil having a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein the X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.

In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine nozzle including an airfoil having an uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein the X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape, the X, Y and Z distances being scalable as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down airfoil.

In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided a turbine comprising a turbine stage having a plurality of nozzles, each of the nozzles including an airfoil having an airfoil shape, the airfoil having a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.

The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, in which:-

FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a hot gas path through a gas turbine and which illustrates a third stage nozzle airfoil according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of three airfoil blades forming portions of the third stage nozzles of the turbine according to the present invention, and including portions of the inner and outer nozzle bands, all as viewed from the trailing edges;

FIGURE 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 as viewed from the leading edges of the blades;

FIGURE 4 is a side elevational view of the third stage nozzle airfoil; and

FIGURE 5 is a generalized cross-sectional view of the airfoil hereof taken at a location through the third stage nozzle airfoil.

Referring now to the drawings, particularly to Figure 1, there is illustrated a multi-stage turbine section, generally designated 10, for a gas turbine 12 including a plurality of turbine stages. Three stages are illustrated. For example, the first stage comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced nozzle or blades 14 and buckets 16, the nozzles being circumferentially spaced one from the other and fixed about the axis of the turbine rotor 15. The buckets 16, of course, are mounted on and circumferentially spaced about the rotor 15. A second stage of the turbine 12 is also illustrated, including a plurality of circumferentially spaced nozzles 18 and a plurality of buckets 20 mounted on the rotor 15. A third stage is also illustrated, including a plurality of circumferentially spaced nozzles 22 and buckets 24. It will be appreciated that the nozzles and buckets lie in the turbine's hot gas path indicated by the arrow 26.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, it will be appreciated that the nozzle stages, for example, the third stage nozzle 22, extend generally radially between inner and

outer bands

28 and 30, respectively, which also in part define the hot gas path 26 through turbine 12. Typically, the nozzles 22 are provided as either singlets, doublets or triplets with associated inner and outer bands which are secured together to form a circumferential array of nozzles about the axis of rotation of the rotor. The nozzles 22 are preferably provided in triplets as illustrated. It will be appreciated that each nozzie 22 is in the shape of an airfoil or airfoil-shaped blade 32, as illustrated in Figure 5. That is, each nozzle 22 has a profile at any cross-section between the inner and

outer bands

28 and 30, respectively, in the shape of an airfoil 32. In this preferred embodiment, there are sixty-six (66) nozzle blades in the shape of airfoils 32 which, together with the inner and

outer bands

28 and 30, constitute the nozzles 22 of the third stage of the turbine.

To define the airfoil shape of the third stage nozzle airfoil which optimizes the guided hot gas turning and overall efficiency of the turbine, there are a unique set or loci of points in space that meet the stage requirements and can be manufactured. This unique loci of points meets the requirements for nozzle loading and stage efficiency and are arrived at by iteration between aerodynamics and nozzle mechanical loading, enabling the turbine to run in an efficient, safe and smooth manner. The loci which defines the nozzle airfoil profile comprises a set of 600 points. A Cartesian coordinate system of X, Y and Z values given in Table I below defines the profile of each nozzle airfoil. The values for the X and Y coordinates are set forth in inches in Table I, although other units of dimensions may be used when the values are appropriately converted. The Z values set forth in Table I are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1. To convert each Z value to a Z distance in inches, the non-dimensional Z values given in Table I are multiplied by a constant in inches, e.g., the height of the nozzle airfoil. The airfoil height H may be measured from a point at the intersection of the trailing edge 38 of the nozzle 22 and the outer band 30 along a radius which intersects the inner band aft of the trailing edge 38 at 37 (Figure 4) and is about 8.125 inches. The preferred distance D (Figure 4) from the point of intersection 35 of each nozzle of the third stage from the rotor axis 34 is 28.930 inches The coordinate system has orthogonally related X, Y and Z axes with the Z axis extending perpendicular to a plane normal to a plane containing the X and Y values. The Y axis lies parallel to the turbine rotor centerline, i.e., the rotary axis 34 and is positive forward to aft. The Z direction is negative in a radial inward direction and the X direction is negative in a tangential counterclockwise direction as viewed in the aft direction.

By defining X and Y coordinate values at selective locations in a Z direction normal to the X, Y plane, the profile of the airfoil at each Z distance can be ascertained. By connecting the X and Y values with smooth continuing arcs, each profile section at each distance Z is fixed. The surface profiles of the various surface locations between the distances Z are determined by smoothly connecting the adjacent cross-sections to one another to form the airfoil. The values set forth in Table I represent the airfoil profiles at ambient, non-operating or non-hot conditions and are for an uncoated airfoil. The sign convention assigns a positive value to Z values and positive and negative values for X and Y coordinates as typically used in the Cartesian coordinate system.

The Table I values are generated and shown to three decimal places for determining the profile of the nozzle airfoil. There are typical manufacturing tolerances, as well as coatings, which must be accounted for in the actual profile of the airfoil. Accordingly, the values for the profile given in Table I are for a nominal airfoil. Thus, the actual profile of the nozzle airfoil may lie in a range of variations between measured points on an airfoil surface and their ideal position as listed in Table I. The design is robust to this variation to the extent that mechanical and aerodynamic functions are not impaired. It will be therefore be appreciated that ± typical manufacturing tolerances, i.e., ± values, including any coating thicknesses, are additive to the X and Y values given in Table I below. Accordingly, a distance of ±0.100 inches in a direction normal to any surface location along the airfoil profile defines an airfoil profile envelope for this particular third stage nozzle airfoil.

The coordinate values are given below in Table I for the preferred nominal profile envelope:

POINTS	X	Y	Z'	POINTS	X	Y	Z'	POINTS	X	Y	Z'
51	1.122	0.275	1.000	251	-1.301	2.754	0.535	451	0.766	1.101	0.268
52	0.731	1.542	0.845	252	-1.894	3.107	0.535	452	0.225	-0.118	0.268
53	1.109	0.167	1.000	253	-0.395	2.015	0.690	453	-0.175	1.580	0.268
54	0.307	-0.231	0.845	254	-0.564	2.590	0.845	454	0.251	0.040	0.000
55	0.159	0.173	0.535	255	0.427	1.852	0.535	455	0.666	0.758	0.000
56	0.178	0.873	1.000	256	-0.272	1.865	0.845	456	0.472	1.496	0.000
57	0.893	1.189	0.690	257	-0.779	2.395	0.845	457	0.667	0.931	0.000
58	0.958	0.586	0.690	258	-0.332	1.922	0.535	458	0.086	-0.006	0.000
59	0.711	-0.074	0.690	259	-0.276	2.390	0.535	459	-0.167	0.439	0.000
60	0.105	1.138	0.690	260	-0.748	2.691	0.845	460	-0.139	1.042	0.000
61	0.173	0.701	0.845	261	-0.115	2.317	0.845	461	0.786	1.011	0.268
62	0.521	1.791	0.690	262	0.461	1.862	0.845	462	0.670	1.361	0.268
63	0.121	1.056	0.535	263	-1.058	2.610	1.000	463	0.598	0.130	0.268
64	0.884	1.267	0.845	264	-1.691	3.032	1.000	464	-0.018	1.146	0.268
65	1.006	0.445	0.845	265	-1.949	3.277	1.000	465	0.670	0.844	0.000
66	0.160	-0.024	0.535	266	-0.205	1.776	0.690	466	0.798	0.919	0.268
67	0.029	1.336	0.535	267	0.225	2.071	0.845	467	-0.132	0.870	0.000
68	0.738	1.496	1.000	268	-1.637	2.962	0.535	468	0.370	1.636	0.000
69	0.799	-0.144	0.845	269	-1.552	2.911	0.535	469	0.642	1.102	0.000
70	0.481	-0.380	1.000	270	-0.125	2.315	1.000	470	0.614	0.505	0.000
71	1.086	0.061	1.000	271	-1.769	3.055	0.690	471	-0.078	0.036	0.000
72	1.120	0.492	1.000	272	0.385	1.935	0.845	472	-0.134	0.956	0.000
73	0.206	0.768	1.000	273	-0.361	2.441	0.535	473	-0.175	0.267	0.000
74	-0.010	1.411	0.845	274	-1.062	2.865	1.000	474	0.022	0.226	0.268
75	0.242	-0.173	0.690	275	-1.248	2.736	0.690	475	0.879	1.101	0.535
76	0.980	0.967	0.845	276	-0.999	2.560	0.690	476	0.254	1.765	0.000
77	0.759	0.145	0.535	277	-0.279	2.416	0.690	477	0.655	0.672	0.000
78	0.495	1.780	0.535	278	-0.367	2.468	0.690	478	0.658	1.017	0.000
79	0.185	0.597	0.845	279	-1.547	3.065	0.690	479	-0.139	0.697	0.000
80	0.306	0.234	1.000	280	-0.454	2.520	0.690	480	-0.184	1.297	0.000
81	0.142	0.959	0.535	281	-0.879	2.726	0.535	481	0.526	1.598	0.268
82	0.588	1.714	0.690	282	-0.617	2.588	0.535	482	0.398	-0.059	0.268
83	0.488	-0.278	0.690	283	-1.503	3.021	0.535	483	-0.269	1.542	0.000
84	0.198	0.128	0.690	284	-1.138	2.643	0.535	484	0.803	0.735	0.268
85	0.179	0.738	0.690	285	-1.722	3.011	0.535	485	0.134	-0.103	0.268
86	0.677	1.548	0.535	286	-0.838	2.435	0.690	486	0.034	0.503	0.268
87	0.462	-0.360	0.845	287	0.142	2.135	0.845	487	0.030	0.410	0.268
88	-0.054	1.506	0.845	288	-0.494	2.101	1.000	488	-0.135	1.496	0.268
89	0.095	1.151	0.535	289	-0.154	1.691	0.845	489	0.025	0.872	0.268
90	0.606	1.669	1.000	290	-0.622	2.255	0.845	490	0.914	0.907	0.535
91	0.035	1.283	1.000	291	-1.197	2.713	0.845	491	0.920	0.808	0.535
92	1.011	0.760	0.845	292	-1.822	3.099	0.845	492	-0.598	2.047	0.000
93	0.350	-0.089	1.000	293	-1.256	2.963	1.000	493	-1.532	2.809	0.000
94	0.872	-0.312	1.000	294	-0.585	2.605	1.000	494	-0.871	2.561	0.000
95	1.089	0.707	1.000	295	0.051	2.187	1.000	495	-0.355	2.245	0.000
96	0.910	0.612	0.535	296	-0.934	2.789	0.845	496	-1.402	2.851	0.000
97	0.559	1.706	0.535	297	-0.353	1.935	1.000	497	-0.655	2.111	0.000
98	0.196	0.492	0.845	298	-0.888	2.475	1.000	498	-0.003	2.110	0.268
99	0.335	0.018	1.000	299	-2.166	3.296	1.000	499	-1.112	2.584	0.268
100	0.788	1.453	0.845	300	-0.212	1.765	0.535	500	-1.656	2.934	0.268
151	0.604	1.709	0.845	351	-0.474	2.106	0.845	551	-0.797	2.517	0.000
152	1.005	-0.141	1.000	352	0.382	1.906	1.000	552	-0.387	2.368	0.268
153	0.856	1.284	0.690	353	0.207	2.050	0.535	553	-0.905	2.350	0.000
154	0.818	0.100	0.690	354	-0.473	2.538	0.845	554	-1.279	2.855	0.268
155	0.130	1.040	0.690	355	-0.336	1.948	0.845	555	0.281	1.873	0.268
156	0.188	0.637	0.690	356	-1.650	3.148	1.000	556	-1.037	2.529	0.268
157	0.426	-0.209	0.535	357	-0.966	2.815	1.000	557	-1.577	2.886	0.268
158	-0.002	1.424	0.690	358	-0.193	2.338	0.535	558	-1.712	3.005	0.000
159	0.093	1.113	0.845	359	0.356	1.921	0.535	559	-0.950	2.687	0.268
160	0.368	-0.316	0.845	360	-0.656	2.641	0.845	560	-0.681	2.234	0.268
161	-0.012	1.426	0.535	361	-0.028	2.258	0.845	561	-0.266	1.741	0.268
162	1.052	-0.042	1.000	362	-0.215	2.376	1.000	562	-0.466	2.416	0.268
163	0.999	0.864	0.845	363	-1.784	3.087	1.000	563	-1.782	3.090	0.268
164	0.707	0.061	0.535	364	-2.100	3.248	0.845	564	-0.438	1.843	0.000
165	0.184	-0.119	0.535	365	-0.568	2.180	1.000	565	-0.840	2.293	0.000
166	0.178	0.567	0.535	366	-1.028	2.837	0.845	566	-1.316	2.666	0.000
167	0.231	0.662	1.000	367	-0.979	2.527	0.535	567	-0.574	2.384	0.000
168	-0.010	1.382	1.000	368	-1.452	3.057	1.000	568	-0.072	2.047	0.000
169	1.108	0.600	1.000	369	-1.506	2.901	0.690	569	-0.489	1.913	0.000
170	0.946	-0.231	1.000	370	-1.597	3.107	0.845	570	0.212	1.936	0.268
171	-0.058	1.480	1.000	371	-1.922	3.223	0.690	571	-0.706	2.555	0.268
172	0.839	1.361	0.845	372	-0.023	2.249	0.690	572	-0.142	2.098	0.000
173	-1.749	3.192	1.000	373	-1269	2.939	0.690	573	-1.022	2.646	0.000
174	-1.775	3.137	0.535	374	-1.640	3.106	0.690	574	-0.546	2.463	0.268
175	0.220	2.051	1.000	375	-0.632	2.619	0.690	575	-1.419	2.789	0.268
176	-0.532	2.140	0.535	376	-1.734	3.146	0.690	576	-1.867	3.127	0.268
177	-0.464	2.090	0.690	377	0.302	1.980	1.000	577	-1.326	2.811	0.000
178	-0.266	1.858	0.690	378	-0.602	2.209	0.535	578	-1.867	3.127	0.268
179	-1.234	2.738	1.000	379	-1.593	3.060	0.535	579	-1.097	2.688	0.000
180	-0.700	2.326	0.845	380	-1.219	2.699	0.535	580	-0.371	1.893	0.268
181	-1.914	3.150	0.845	381	-1.808	3.059	0.535	581	-1.038	2.461	0.000
182	-0.293	2.430	0.845	382	-0.543	2.570	0.690	582	-1.173	2.730	0.000
183	-1.311	2.975	0.845	383	-2.006	3.200	0.845	583	-1.605	2.856	0.000
184	-1.454	3.024	0.690	384	-0.204	2.374	0.845	584	-0.347	1.696	0.000
185	-1.085	2.852	0.690	385	-1.849	3.235	1.000	585	0.142	1.996	0.268
186	-0.791	2.681	0.535	386	-0.271	1.845	0.535	586	-1.176	2.565	0.000
187	-0.531	2.540	0.535	387	-0.491	2.550	1.000	587	-1.679	2.901	0.000
188	-1.234	2.899	0.535	388	-0.972	2.543	1.000	588	0.063	1.940	0.000
189	-1.058	2.586	0.535	389	-1.598	2.976	1.000	589	-0.212	2.148	0.000
190	-1.958	3.212	0.535	390	-2.150	3.360	1.000	590	-0.722	2.474	0.000
191	-1.866	3.175	0.535	391	-1.111	2.652	0.845	591	0.347	1.809	0.268
192	-0.148	1.692	0.690	392	-1.122	2.884	0.845	592	-1.613	3.014	0.268
193	-0.760	2.370	0.690	393	-0.135	0.100	0.000	593	-1.032	2.730	0.268
194	-1.468	2.860	0.535	394	0.026	0.318	0.268	594	-0.715	2.174	0.000
195	0.130	2.112	0.535	395	0.502	0.272	0.000	595	-1.264	2.689	0.268
196	-2.050	3.319	1.000	396	-0.149	1.128	0.000	596	-1.816	3.026	0.268
197	-1.354	3.010	1.000	397	0.795	0.643	0.268	597	-1.479	2.890	0.000
198	-0.679	2.659	1.000	398	0.015	0.964	0.268	598	-0.488	2.036	0.268
199	-0.037	2.252	1.000	399	0.546	0.346	0.000	599	-0.428	2.292	0.000
200	-0.288	1.848	1.000	400	0.470	1.671	0.268	600	-1.196	2.814	0.268

It will also be appreciated that the airfoil profile disclosed in the above table may be scaled up or down geometrically for use in other similar turbine designs. Consequently, the coordinate values set forth in Table I may be scaled upwardly or downwardly such that the airfoil section shape remains unchanged. A scaled version of the coordinates in Table I is represented by X, Y and Z distances in inches, multiplied or divided by a constant number.

Claims

A turbine nozzle (22) including an airfoil (32) having an airfoil shape, said airfoil having a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein the X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.
A turbine nozzle according to Claim 1 forming part of a third stage of a turbine.
A turbine nozzle according to Claim 1 wherein said airfoil shape lies in an envelope within ±0.100 inches in a direction normal to any airfoil surface location therealong.
A turbine nozzle (22) including an airfoil (32) having an uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein the X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape, the X, Y and Z distances being scalable as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down airfoil.
A turbine nozzle according to Claim 4 forming part of a third stage of a turbine.
A turbine nozzle according to Claim 1 wherein each said airfoil shape lies in an envelope within ±0.100 inches in a direction normal to any airfoil surface location therealong.
A turbine comprising a turbine stage having a plurality of nozzles (22), each of said nozzles including an airfoil (32) having an airfoil shape, said airfoil having a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table I wherein the Z values are non-dimensional values from 0 to 1 convertible to Z distances in inches by multiplying the Z values of Table I by a height of the airfoil in inches, and wherein X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z, the profile sections at the Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.
A turbine according to Claim 7 wherein the turbine nozzles comprises part of a third stage of the turbine.
A turbine according to Claim 8 wherein the turbine stage has 66 nozzles and the coordinate value Y extends parallel to an axis of rotation of the turbine.
A turbine according to Claim 7 wherein each said airfoil shape lies in an envelope within ±0.100 inches in a direction normal to any airfoil surface location therealong.