EP1420624A2 - A shielding device - Google Patents
A shielding device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1420624A2 EP1420624A2 EP03024843A EP03024843A EP1420624A2 EP 1420624 A2 EP1420624 A2 EP 1420624A2 EP 03024843 A EP03024843 A EP 03024843A EP 03024843 A EP03024843 A EP 03024843A EP 1420624 A2 EP1420624 A2 EP 1420624A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- actuator element
- meshes
- configuration
- shielding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
- D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
- D03D1/007—UV radiation protecting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D9/00—Open-work fabrics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shielding device, comprising switchable shielding, supporting means for supporting the shielding means and actuation means, operative to cause passage of the shielding means from a resting position to a working position, and vice versa.
- Devices of the type indicated are used, for example, to prevent or attenuate passage of flows of air or light beams and usually comprise a fixed frame and a movable panel, which is carried by the fixed frame and can be displaced between a closing position and an opening position.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shielding device of the type referred to above, which can be applied in an extremely wide range of fields, and which presents simplicity of fabrication and low costs.
- the subject of the invention is a shielding device of the type referred to above, characterized in that the shielding means comprise a fabric defining a plurality of meshes that are able to assume a restricted configuration and a stretched-out configuration, and in that the actuation means are operatively connected to the fabric and can be activated to cause passage of said meshes from the restricted configuration to the stretched-out configuration, and vice versa.
- the fabric intercepts or attenuates passage of air or light through the device. Instead, when the meshes are in the stretched-out configuration, passage of air or light is enabled or facilitated.
- the fabric is of an elastic type
- the actuation means comprise at least one actuator element made of an active material, for example, a shape-memory alloy (SMA).
- SMA shape-memory alloy
- SMA actuators are in themselves known and have already found a wide range of applications in different technical fields. In general, they make use of at least one element formed by a SMA metal alloy, which is able to change its configuration once a pre-set transition temperature has been exceeded.
- the active material used for obtaining the actuator means of the device may be a shape-memory polymer (SMP) or an electro-active polymer (EAP).
- SMP shape-memory polymer
- EAP electro-active polymer
- the actuator element preferably has the form of a thread, directly sewn or interwoven into the fabric and constrained to a supporting structure which keeps the fabric in position.
- the actuator element can be connected to electric-supply means, which heat it via the Joule effect above a transition temperature of its own, it being possible for said electric-supply means to be driven by control means according to the signal issued by a temperature sensor.
- the actuator element made of active material directly detects the temperature of the air and is directly activated thereby to a transition value that can be adjusted in the course of preparation of the material itself.
- the shielding device according to the invention can be made with extremely simple and low-cost means.
- the number 1 designates as a whole the structure of a shielding device made according to the present invention, which is here assumed as being designed to intercept or attenuate the passage of a light beam.
- the device 1 comprises a fixed framework, consisting of a quadrilateral frame, designated by 2.
- the frame 2 may be made of metal sectional elements joined to one another, or else of a single piece of plastic material.
- the reference number 3 Designated, as a whole, by the reference number 3 is a quadrilateral shield; in the case provided by way of example, the shield 3 is fixed, along the sides which delimit the respective perimeter, to the internal edges of the frame 2 by fixing means in themselves known, illustrated only schematically and designated by 2A.
- the shield 3 set in the frame 2 is made of a fabric the meshes of which are designed to stretch out, when the fabric is subjected to tension.
- the shield 3 is made of an elastic or elongatable fabric.
- the fabrics of the type indicated are in themselves known and do not call for any detailed description herein.
- the fabric forming the shield 3 may be made of any elastic material suitable for the purpose.
- FIG. 2 Visible in Figure 2 is an enlarged detail of the fabric that makes up the shield 3, made by interweaving or superimposing a series of weft threads, designated by 3A, with a series of warp threads, designated by 3B, to obtain the meshes 3C.
- the meshes 3C are in a restricted condition so as to intercept or in any case attenuate the passage of the light beam.
- the stress capable of bringing about tensioning of the shield 3, and hence stretching-out of the meshes 3C of the fabric of which it is made up is produced via actuation means made of active material.
- the active material used is a metal shape-memory alloy.
- these metal materials have the capability of reassuming their initial configuration if they are deformed and then subjected to an appropriate thermal treatment.
- the shape-memory alloys undergo a transformation of crystalline phase when they are made to pass from their more rigid configuration at a high temperature (austenite) to the configuration characterized by lower energy and temperature (martensite).
- an SMA element When an SMA element is brought to a low temperature, it assumes a configuration of a martensitic type, with low yielding limit, and is easily deformable. Following upon heating, the alloy arranges itself in another crystalline structure, of the austenitic type, and hence reassumes its initial configuration and shape.
- the temperature at which the alloy "recalls" its primitive shape can be modified by varying the composition or by appropriate types of heat treatment.
- the alloys of major interest that present the "shape-memory" property are the ones which recover the deformation to a considerable extent or which generate a considerable force during the phase transition, such as for example the alloys Ni-Ti, Ni-Ti-Cu, Cu-Al-Zn, and Cu-Al-Ni.
- the shape-memory actuation means of the device 1 are configured in the form of a continuous thread, designated as a whole by 4.
- the thread 4 is constrained to the frame 2, in first points designated by 5, and to the fabric that makes up the shield 3 in second points, designated by 6; for this purpose, as may be noted in the figures, the thread 4 has a "zigzag" development between the frame 2 and the shield 3.
- the means for anchoring the SMA thread 4 to the frame 2 may be of any known type.
- the thread 4 can be sewn or interwoven in the points 6 of the fabric 4.
- Designated by the reference number 7 are two electrical conductors, provided for causing an electric current to flow through the thread 4, and thus heat it up via the Joule effect.
- the conductors 7 are connected to electric-supply means 8, of a type in themselves known.
- the shape-memory thread 4 exceeds its own transition temperature and is brought to a configuration of reduced length, as illustrated in Figure 3.
- the thread 4 subjects the shield 3 to a tensile force at the anchorage points 6 so as to bring the latter closer to the anchorage points 5.
- the electric-supply means 8 are of the switchable type, in such a way that the thread 4 can be heated up when desired, so as to bring the device 1 into the working condition illustrated in Figure 3. Return to the resting condition represented in Figure 1 may be subsequently brought about by interrupting electric supply to the means 8. In this way, the temperature of the thread itself will decrease until it drops below the transition temperature of .the shape-memory alloy, with the consequent return of the thread 4 to its elongated configuration so that the meshes 3C of the elastic fabric will close again as may be seen in Figure 2.
- the shape-memory material used for making the actuator means provided according to the invention could be of a non-metallic type, and in particular be made up of a shape memory polymer or SMP.
- SMP shape memory polymer
- such polymers are able to modify their stiffness and shape according to the temperature to which they are exposed and pass rapidly, if heated, from a vitreous state to a highly deformable rubbery state, and then return equally rapidly, when they are cooled down, to their original shape and hardness.
- SMPs can reassume their original shape an infinite number of times, if they are again brought back beyond their critical temperature.
- the elastic fabric will be mounted under tension on the frame 2, and the thread 4 made of SMP will be set so as to overcome, in the "stiff" condition, the elasticity of the fabric, in order to maintain the meshes 3C in the position represented in Figure 2.
- the transition temperature When the transition temperature is reached, this will bring about transition of the thread 4 made of SMP to the respective "deformableā condition, with the consequent possibility of the fabric being stretched so as to bring the meshes 3C into the condition represented in Figure 4.
- Activation of the thread 4, when this is made of SMP will be obtained directly as a result of the environmental temperature to which the thread itself is exposed.
- the material used for making the actuator means of the shield 3 could be an electro-active polymer or EAP, i.e., a polymer material capable of undergoing deformation if an electric field is applied thereto, the said polymer material being selected, in particular, from among:
- the device 1 can be used for intercepting/attenuating or enabling passage of light, for example for making curtains or the like for building structures or motor-vehicles.
- the device 1 may be used for controlling aeration or ventilation of certain environments. It is in fact evident that in the case of the condition represented in Figure 3, a flow of air or other aeriform through the device 1 is facilitated as compared to the condition represented in Figure 1.
- the electric-supply means 8 may be driven according to the signal issued by a temperature sensor.
- the invention can moreover be advantageously used for making filters with variable cross section.
- the thread 4 can be provided for detecting directly the temperature of the air so as to be activated by said temperature at a transition value, which can be adjusted in the stage of preparation of the SMA or of the active polymer used.
- the thread 4 could be activated by the air inside a closed environment when very high internal temperatures are reached (as in the case of a motor vehicle parked in the sun) so as to reduce the "greenhouse" effect.
- the device according to the invention can be used as an element with controllable and modulatable transpirability, which is particularly suitable for air diffusion in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle through the dashboard, seats, roof and door panels.
- the fabric that forms the shield 3 may obviously be made up of superimposed or interwoven threads.
- the functions of the frame 2 could be performed by any structure in a fixed position with respect to the shield 3, for example one made up of the walls that delimit a passage or window of which it is intended to control passage of light or air.
- the fabric that forms the shield 3 will preferably be provided with a anchoring edge of its own.
- the actuation means of the device according to the invention could consist of a number of elements made of active material which are distinct from one another and not necessarily in the form of thread. In this case, therefore, the actuation means may be actuated selectively, for controlling the operative condition of different areas of the shield 3.
- the thread 4 or the actuator means made of active material of another form, which replace the thread do not necessarily need to be constrained between the shield 3 and the structure that supports them, it being in fact possible for the actuator means to be integrated only in the fabric and in its possible anchoring edge.
- the fabric used for the purposes of implementation of the invention may possibly be represented entirely by fibres of active material (SMA, SMP or EAP) interspersed with one another so as to form a fabric capable of varying its own "porosity" following upon application of an external stimulus, which, as explained previously, may be of an electrical or thermal type in the case of SMA elements, only thermal in the case of SMP elements or only electrical in the case of EAP active fibres.
- SMA active material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a shielding device according to the invention, in a first operative condition;
- Figure 2 is a view of a detail of Figure 1, at an enlarged scale;
- Figure 3 is a schematic front view of the shielding device according to the invention, in a second operative condition; and
- Figure 4 is a view of a detail of Figure 2, at an enlarged scale.
- electrostrictive polymers, i.e., polymers which, when they are subjected to electric fields, react with a reduction in the dimension parallel to the field, and an enlargement in a direction normal thereto;
- ion-polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), i.e., polymers with terminations capable of ionizing in polar liquids (one of the most widely used IPMCs is NAFIONĀ® produced by DuPont, which is used as "artificial muscle") ;
- conductive polymers, i.e., polymers which change, as their ionization varies, their mechanical properties and dimensions and may consequently be used, to great advantage, both as sensitive elements and as mechanical actuators.
Claims (18)
- A shielding device comprising shielding means (3) which can be switched between a first operative position and a second operative position, supporting means (2, 2A) for supporting the shielding means (3) and actuation means (4), operative for causing switching of the shielding means (3) between the first operative position and the second operative position, said device being characterized in that said shielding means comprise a fabric (3) defining a plurality of loops or meshes (3C) which are designed to assume a restricted configuration and a stretched-out configuration, and in that said actuation means (4) are operatively connected to said fabric (3) and can be activated to cause passage of said meshes (3C) from the restricted configuration to the stretched-out configuration, and vice versa.
- The device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said fabric (3) is elastic or elongatable.
- The device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said actuation means comprise at least one actuator element made of an active material (4) selected in the group consisting of shape-memory alloys, shape-memory polymers, and electro-active polymers.
- The device according to Claim 3, characterized in that said actuator element (4) is at least in part integrated in said fabric.
- The device according to Claim 4, characterized in that said actuator element (4) is in the form of a thread, sewn, interwoven or constrained in any way in more than one point to said fabric (3).
- The device according to Claim 4, characterized in that said shielding means (3) are at least in part made of fibres of active material, which make up both at least in part said fabric and said actuator element (4).
- The device according to Claim 3, characterized in that said actuator element (4) is constrained between said fabric (3) and said supporting means (2).
- The device according to Claim 7, characterized in that said supporting means comprise a quadrilateral frame (2).
- The device according to Claim 3, characterized in that said actuator element (4) is connected to electric-supply means (7, 8), which heat it via the Joule effect above its transition temperature.
- The device according to Claim 9, characterized in that said electric-supply means (7, 8) are controlled according to signals issued by a temperature sensor.
- The device according to Claim 3, characterized in that said actuator element (4) is arranged for being activated according to a temperature to which the element itself is exposed.
- The device according to Claim 11, characterized in that said actuator element (4) detects directly said temperature and is activated by the latter at a pre-set transition value.
- Use of a device according to one or more of the preceding claims, for the purposes of fabrication of a window for aeration or ventilation, for selectively preventing/attenuating or enabling/facilitating passage of a flow of air.
- Use of a device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12, for the purposes of fabrication of a shield for selectively preventing/attenuating or enabling/facilitating passage of a light beam.
- Use of a device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12, for the purposes of fabrication of a filter with variable cross section.
- Use of a device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12, for the purposes of fabrication of an element for diffusion of air within the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in particular integrated in a dashboard, a seat, a roof or a door panel.
- A building structure, characterized in that it comprises one or more devices according to any one of Claims 1 to 12.
- A motor-vehicle, characterized in that it comprises one or more devices according to any one of Claims 1 to 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000988A ITTO20020988A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2002-11-14 | SCREENING DEVICE. |
ITTO20020988 | 2002-11-14 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1420624A2 true EP1420624A2 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
EP1420624A3 EP1420624A3 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
EP1420624B1 EP1420624B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
Family
ID=32170755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03024843A Expired - Lifetime EP1420624B1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2003-10-31 | A shielding device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1420624B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE346181T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60309814T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2275056T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITTO20020988A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007007252A1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A textile or fabric |
US7309104B2 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2007-12-18 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Shape memory polymer seat assemblies |
EP1898686A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Semiconductor module with improved short circuit resistance |
WO2011150902A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Penn Textile Solutions Gmbh | Shading system |
IT201800002882A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-20 | Alfatech Srl | WIRE MESH |
CN110607984A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-24 | é»čå³° | Shielding device capable of being rapidly assembled |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019211135A1 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-01-28 | Audi Ag | Cover arrangement for an interior component of a vehicle |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0364869A2 (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-04-25 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Woven fabric made of shape memory polymer |
JPH07293963A (en) * | 1994-04-27 | 1995-11-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Indoor air exhaust device for air conditioner |
JP2000345444A (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-12 | Horie Kikaku:Kk | Shape memory woven fabric |
US20010008821A1 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 2001-07-19 | Derrick Arthur Russell | Thermally insulating textile |
-
2002
- 2002-11-14 IT IT000988A patent/ITTO20020988A1/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-10-31 EP EP03024843A patent/EP1420624B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-31 AT AT03024843T patent/ATE346181T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-31 DE DE60309814T patent/DE60309814T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-31 ES ES03024843T patent/ES2275056T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0364869A2 (en) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-04-25 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Woven fabric made of shape memory polymer |
JPH07293963A (en) * | 1994-04-27 | 1995-11-10 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Indoor air exhaust device for air conditioner |
US20010008821A1 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 2001-07-19 | Derrick Arthur Russell | Thermally insulating textile |
JP2000345444A (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-12 | Horie Kikaku:Kk | Shape memory woven fabric |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 03, 29 March 1996 (1996-03-29) & JP 07 293963 A (MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC WORKS LTD), 10 November 1995 (1995-11-10) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 15, 6 April 2001 (2001-04-06) & JP 2000 345444 A (HORIE KIKAKU:KK), 12 December 2000 (2000-12-12) * |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7309104B2 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2007-12-18 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Shape memory polymer seat assemblies |
WO2007007252A1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A textile or fabric |
EP1898686A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Semiconductor module with improved short circuit resistance |
CN101140914B (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2011-06-08 | č„æéØåå ¬åø | Semiconductor switching module optimized for resistance to short circuits and housing thereof |
US8093975B2 (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2012-01-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Semiconductor switching module optimized for resistance to short circuits |
WO2011150902A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Penn Textile Solutions Gmbh | Shading system |
CN103025939A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2013-04-03 | 佩ę©ēŗŗē»ęęÆč”份ęéå ¬åø | Shading system |
CN103025939B (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2015-07-15 | 佩ę©ēŗŗē»ęęÆč”份ęéå ¬åø | Shading system |
EP2576879B1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2017-08-02 | Penn Textile Solutions GmbH | Shading system |
IT201800002882A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-20 | Alfatech Srl | WIRE MESH |
EP3527705A1 (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-21 | Alfatech S.R.L. | Wire cloth |
CN110607984A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-24 | é»čå³° | Shielding device capable of being rapidly assembled |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1420624B1 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
EP1420624A3 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
ITTO20020988A1 (en) | 2004-05-15 |
DE60309814D1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
DE60309814T2 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
ES2275056T3 (en) | 2007-06-01 |
ATE346181T1 (en) | 2006-12-15 |
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