EP1393009B1 - Device for vaporizing a fluid, particularly a fogging fluid or extinguishing fluid - Google Patents

Device for vaporizing a fluid, particularly a fogging fluid or extinguishing fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1393009B1
EP1393009B1 EP02748560A EP02748560A EP1393009B1 EP 1393009 B1 EP1393009 B1 EP 1393009B1 EP 02748560 A EP02748560 A EP 02748560A EP 02748560 A EP02748560 A EP 02748560A EP 1393009 B1 EP1393009 B1 EP 1393009B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
fluid
vaporizing
wall
channel
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02748560A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1393009A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Lell
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Pyroglobe GmbH
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Pyroglobe GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for evaporating a fluid, in particular a mist or extinguishing fluid, with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Devices for vaporizing a fluid can be used, for example, for the purpose of nebulizing a space, for example the interior of a motor vehicle.
  • a device can serve as an anti-theft device, wherein the generated fog in an attempt to gain access to the vehicle unauthorized or unauthorized to move the unauthorized person hindered in their actions or clearly recognizable from the outside signs for unauthorized use of the Vehicle generated.
  • a device for evaporating a fluid designed accordingly, can also be used for fire-extinguishing purposes. For both uses, it is necessary that the vaporizing device provide a sufficient amount of steam in a relatively short time. In addition, it is desirable in many cases that the evaporation device has a small size.
  • a fog cartridge in which a filled with a Thermitmischung radiator housing is inserted into the housing of the mist cartridge.
  • the radiator housing has ribs on its outer circumference in order to allow the best possible heat transfer from the radiator housing to the fluid to be vaporized, which is provided in the substantially annular space between the inner wall of the cartridge housing and the outer wall of the radiator housing.
  • a plurality of outlet openings are provided, from which after the Activating the thermite mixture the generated vapor exits.
  • DE 196 42 574 A 1 describes an embodiment in which the radiator housing is surrounded by an evaporator channel, which may be formed by a surrounding the radiator housing helically surrounding pipe or is poured into a casing surrounding the radiator housing.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a device for the evaporation of a fluid, in particular a fog fluid, which has a small size and at the same time allows the generation of steam with a large mass flow.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that an exploitation of the evaporator cross section which is substantially improved compared to evaporator channels with a constant cross section is achieved by means of an evaporator channel which has a cross section widening from the feed opening in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • the larger space requirement of hotter and hotter steam is taken into account in this way. Compared with known devices with a constant channel cross-section, this results in a reduction of the space requirement, whereby smaller designs are possible.
  • the evaporator channel may have a plurality of regions each having a constant cross section, the cross section of the regions increasing in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • the evaporator channel has one or more regions, each having a continuously increasing cross-section. This results in comparison to the previously described embodiment, a further improved utilization of the channel cross-section or the surface of the evaporation channel with respect to the heat transfer to the fluid to be vaporized or to be dried or completely vaporized wet steam.
  • the evaporator body comprises a first element, in whose inner or outer wall at least one groove-shaped recess for forming the at least one evaporator channel is provided.
  • the first element may be formed as a hollow element, preferably as a hollow cylinder.
  • a second element having a wall which cooperates with the inner wall or with the outer wall of the first element in the sense of sealing the at least one groove-shaped recess, at least one evaporator channel of predetermined length is formed.
  • a groove-shaped Recesses may be provided which form an evaporator channel with a correspondingly enlarged cross-section with the recesses in the corresponding wall of the first element. Accordingly, a groove-shaped recess forming an evaporator channel can also be provided only in the relevant wall of the second element.
  • the respective co-operating walls of the first and second elements may include a predetermined small angle with the longitudinal axis, preferably in the range of 0.1 ° to 5 °, so that when telescoping the two elements already at relatively low axial Forces high radial, resulting in a sealing of the channel causing radial forces and a good heat transfer without soldering or welding of the elements is reliably achieved.
  • a heat-generating and / or heat-storing device is provided immediately adjacent to the inner or outer wall of the evaporator body, wherein a good heat-conducting transition from the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device is formed to the evaporator body.
  • the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device can be designed as a pyrotechnic heating device, which comprises a pyrotechnic heating mixture or a Thermitmischung. In this way, a controllable activatable device for the evaporation of the fluid can be realized with little effort, which generates a large amount of steam in a short time.
  • the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device may comprise a heat-storing medium, for example a saline solution, an oil or a solid at room temperature, liquefied by energy, such as metallic heat storage medium.
  • the heat storage medium can be supplied with heat energy from an external device. Is chosen as the medium of a metallic heat storage medium, For example, aluminum, brass or a solder, a holding temperature at the desired evaporation temperature can be achieved by using a suitable alloy.
  • the evaporator body and the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device may be formed as an integrated cartridge, wherein the evaporator body is simultaneously formed as a container for receiving the heat-generating and / or heat-storing medium. This results in a simple and inexpensive production of the device.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 for the evaporation of a fluid 3 comprises a housing 5, which consists of a hollow, for example hollow cylindrical wall part 7, a bottom part 9 and a cover part 11.
  • the wall part 7 can, as shown in FIG 1, from an inner part 7a, for example made of stainless steel, and an associated outer part 7b, for example, a short-term temperature-stable plastic exist.
  • the wall part 7 may be glued to the bottom part 9, which may also be made of plastic, and / or be pressed.
  • the bottom part 9 may have an annular elevation 9a.
  • a sealing element 13 may be provided, for example in the form of an O-ring.
  • the lid part 11 may be connected to the wall part 7 in the same way as the bottom part 9.
  • the cover part 11 may be formed substantially like the bottom part 9 and have a circumferential annular elevation 11a.
  • a further sealing element 15 may be provided, for example in the form of an O-ring.
  • the wall part 7 and the bottom part 9 or the wall part 7 and the lid part 11 may be integrally formed.
  • a heating cartridge 17 which has a first, preferably substantially hollow cylindrical element 19 which in its inner wall and in its outer wall in each case has a groove-shaped recess 21 and 23, respectively.
  • the first element 19 consists of a good heat-conducting, sufficiently temperature-stable material, such as aluminum.
  • a second element 25 is provided, which may be formed, for example, as an aluminum tube.
  • the inner diameter of the aluminum tube 25 is chosen so that it substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the first member 19 and results in a sufficient sealing effect between the two parts. In this way, a sealed evaporator channel 27 is formed.
  • a third pot-shaped element 29 is provided, the outer diameter of which substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the first element 19.
  • the outer wall of the third cup-shaped member 29 may have a in Fig. 1 upwardly decreasing diameter.
  • the outer wall of the third element 29 corresponds to the course of an upwardly tapering cone portion.
  • the inner wall of the first element 19 is formed so that the inner diameter, as shown in Fig. 1, increases downward.
  • the tangents to the inner wall of the first member 19 and to the outer wall of the third member 29, which have no radial component thus include a relatively small angle with the axis A of the heating cartridge 17 and the device 1, preferably in the range of 0.1 ° to 5 °. In this way, it can be achieved that high radially acting sealing forces are generated between the mutually facing surfaces when the third cup-shaped element 29 is inserted into the first element 19 even when a small axial insertion force is generated.
  • the second element 25 may be connected in the same way with the first element.
  • the connection of these two elements can also be done by gluing, shrinking, soldering, welding or the like as part of a solid, permanent connection.
  • the advantage of the previously described connection of the first part 19 with the third part 29 via correspondingly inclined surfaces is that the third element 29 is releasably connectable to the first element 19. If the third element 29, as shown in FIG. 1, serves to receive a pyrotechnic material or a thermite mixture 33, the third element 29 can be simply and inexpensively exchanged for a new insert once the heat energy generating material 33 has been activated once.
  • the fixing of the heating cartridge 17 in the housing 5 is effected in that the heating cartridge is held with its lower end in the annular elevation 9 a of the bottom part 9. In its upper region, the fixing of the heating cartridge 17 in the same way by the lid part 11, wherein in each case the upper portion of the second member 25 and the third member 29 are held in corresponding recesses or their inner walls in the lid part 11.
  • further sealing elements 35, 37, 39 between the inner wall of the annular elevation 9a and the annular elevation 11a and the outer wall of the second member 25 and between the inner wall of a receiving recess for the third element 29 in the cover part 11 and the outer wall of the third element 29 may be provided.
  • Another annular disk-shaped sealing element 41 may be provided between the upper end faces of the first element 19 and the second element 25 and the front-side inner wall of the cover part 11.
  • the end-side inner wall of the cover part 11 urges the first and second elements 19, 25 of the heating cartridge 17 in the axial direction, so that the desired radial sealing forces are generated between the outer wall of the third element 29 and the inner wall of the first element 19.
  • the receiving recess for the upper region of the third element 29 in the lid part 11 is for this purpose designed such that an impact on the upper end wall of the third element 29 at best only occurs when the first element 19 has been pushed so far onto the third element 29, that sufficiently high radial sealing forces have arisen.
  • bracing of the first element 19 and of the third element 29 can of course also be achieved if the third element 29, seen in the axial direction, is conically formed in reverse.
  • the first element 19 can rest on the bottom part 9 and the third element 29 can be pressed into the first element 19 by means of the cover part 11.
  • an electrode passage element 43 is provided in the cover part 11, via which electrodes, not shown, are guided into the interior of the third element 29, the electrodes projecting so far into the region filled with the pyrotechnic or thermit mixture 33 that an activation or an ignition occurs of the material is guaranteed.
  • the electrodes can be connected via a heating or glow wire projecting into the material 33, so that, when the current flows through the electrodes, the heating wire is heated until annealing and the pyrotechnic or thermite mixture 33 is ignited.
  • the heating or glowing wire can also occur an element that generates a plasma at current flow. This is suitable e.g. for igniting a thermite mixture.
  • the interior of the third element 29 is not completely filled with the material 33 as a rule.
  • the portion of the interior filled with material is bounded by a disk element 45.
  • the element 45 may, for example, be fixed to the inner wall of the third element 29 by being pressed in, glued or snapped on.
  • the disk element is preferably made of steel or copper.
  • the lower end side of the third element 29 is formed such that the region adjacent to the axis A protrudes beyond the lateral regions (downward in FIG. 1). Accordingly, when inserting the third element 29 or the heating cartridge 17 into the housing 5, an annular space 47 remains free, which causes a connection between the evaporator channels 27 and 31.
  • the groove-shaped recesses 27 and 31 are for this purpose designed so that at the lower end face of the first member 19 corresponding openings open into the annular space 47 and both recesses simply terminate at the lower end of the element 19.
  • At least one feed opening 49 is provided in the second element 25 in the upper region of the annular recess 23 and the evaporator channel 27, which is shot like a membrane with the element 51.
  • the fluid 53 After the beginning of the supply of heat energy into the fluid 53, this is first heated or evaporated until the pressure exceeds a predetermined value, which causes the closure element 51 to burst. Subsequently, the fluid 53, or a correspondingly wet steam or a mixture thereof, enters the evaporator channel 27 via the feed opening 49. When passing through the evaporator channel 27, the fluid is further heated or further evaporated. After the helically extending evaporator channel 27 has passed, the fluid / vapor mixture or a still relatively wet steam enters the lower opening of the evaporator channel 31.
  • a sealing or thermal insulation material 55 for example in the form of a sealing disc can be provided.
  • Both the evaporator channel 27 between the feed opening 49 and the bottom outlet opening has a constant channel cross-section
  • the evaporator channel 31 is formed so that its channel cross-section in the direction of its bottom-side feed opening to the outlet opening, which is connected to an outlet opening 57 in the lid part 11, a continuously has widening cross-section. This ensures that with an increasingly complete evaporation state of the fluid 53 its increased volume requirement is taken into account. A compression shock, which would virtually lead to a "blockage" of the evaporator channel 31, is safely avoided in this way.
  • Channel cross-section is preferably chosen so that at each point of the channel 31 (seen over its length), the channel cross-section is selected in a differential length element so that the differential volume adapted to the volume of the vaporized fluid contained therein at the respective temperature and pressure is.
  • evaporator channel 27 could be formed with a widening cross-section.
  • the feed opening 49 can be selected in a range which, with an incomplete filling of the annular space with the fluid 53 to be evaporated, lies above the liquid level. This applies at least when using the device 1 in the upright position shown in Fig. 1. The immediate entry of unevaporated fluid 53 into the evaporator channel 27 is thus avoided.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device for evaporating a fluid, which is designed essentially merely as a heating cartridge, similar to the heating cartridge 17 according to FIG.
  • the device 100 shown in FIG. 2 has a housing 102 which comprises a wall part 104, a pot-shaped part 106 engaging therein and a cover part 108.
  • the pot-shaped part 106 has in its outer wall a helically extending groove-shaped recess 110, which is structured along its course in two areas with different cross-section.
  • the outer wall of the cup-shaped part 106 in turn cooperates sealingly with the inner wall of a wall part 104 pushed thereon, so that a correspondingly formed according to the course of the groove-shaped recess 110, denser Evaporator 112 is formed.
  • a radially extending feed opening 114 is formed, which is connected to the evaporator channel 112 and its first portion with a smaller cross-section.
  • the evaporator channel 112 opens into an annular space 116, which is connected to a plurality of outlet openings 118, which are formed in the cover part 108.
  • the lid part 108 is sealingly connected to the wall part 104 and the cup-shaped part 106.
  • sealing elements 120, 122 may be provided between an outer wall of the cover part 108 and the inner wall of the wall part 104 or an outer wall of an area of the wall part 104 engaging in the cup-shaped part 106 and the inner wall of the cup-shaped part 106.
  • the wall part 104 may be sealingly connected to the cup-shaped part 106 in its lower region by means of a further sealing element 124 which is provided between the inner wall of the wall part 104 and the outer wall of the cup-shaped part 106.
  • a part of the interior of the cup-shaped part 106 delimited by a protective element 126 is filled with an activatable, heat-generating material 35, for example a pyrotechnic or thermit mixture.
  • an activatable, heat-generating material 35 for example a pyrotechnic or thermit mixture.
  • two electrodes 128 are passed through the lid member 108 and connected to an activation means 130 for activating the heat energy generating material 35.
  • the activation device 130 may be a heating wire.
  • the device 100 shown in Figure 2 can also be used as a heating cartridge in a device similar to the device 1 in Fig. 1 use.
  • the feed opening 114 could be correspondingly blocked, so that the fluid to be evaporated does not enter the evaporator channel 112 until a predetermined pressure is exceeded after the bursting of the closure element.
  • the supply port 114 may be supplied with the fluid to be evaporated in any other way, for example from an external reservoir, with a corresponding pressure.
  • the inner wall of the third member 29 of the embodiment in Fig. 1 may be provided with a structure 132 shown in Fig. 2, which enlarges the surface of the heat transfer enhancing member concerned.
  • the structure 132 may have ribs in the inner wall of the respective element 29 or 106.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the pot-shaped element 106, wherein the two regions of the annular groove 110, which each have a different cross section and define the evaporator channel 112, are better recognizable.
  • the lower region shown in Fig. 3 is based on an annular recess 134 which, as shown in Fig. 2, connected to a radial feed opening 114.
  • the connection of the first region of the groove-shaped recess 110 with a smaller cross-section to the second region with a larger cross-section takes place via an annular region 136.
  • the annular regions 134 and 136 are provided substantially to facilitate the manufacturing process.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a pot-shaped element 106, wherein the annular recess 110 is, however, formed with a continuously enlarging cross-section.
  • This variant is the better choice physically, since the opening cross-section of the resulting evaporator channel can be adapted at any point of its (coiled) length to the relevant differential volume of the steam.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for vaporizing a fluid, particularly a fogging fluid or extinguishing fluid, comprising a vaporizing body that is provided with at least one vaporizing channel. The fluid or an already partially vaporized fluid in the form of wet vapor or a mixture thereof can be fed to the vaporizing channel via a feed opening. The fluid that is vaporized in an essentially complete manner escapes out of a discharge opening, whereby the cross-section of the vaporizer channel is designed so that is enlarges from the feed opening toward the discharge opening.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids, insbesondere eines Nebel- oder Löschfluids, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for evaporating a fluid, in particular a mist or extinguishing fluid, with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Vorrichtungen zur Verdampfung eines Fluids können beispielsweise zum Zweck des Vernebelns eines Raums, beispielsweise des Innenraums eines Kfz, eingesetzt werden. Eine derartige Vorrichtung kann als Diebstahlssicherung dienen, wobei der erzeugte Nebel beim Versuch, sich unberechtigt Zutritt zum Fahrzeug zu verschaffen oder das Fahrzeug unautorisiert zu bewegen, die nicht berechtigte Person in ihren Aktionen behindert bzw. eindeutig von außen erkennbare Zeichen für eine nicht berechtigte Benutzung des Fahrzeugs erzeugt. Des Weiteren kann eine Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids, entsprechend ausgebildet, auch für Feuerlöschzwecke verwendet werden.
Für beide Verwendungszwecke ist es erforderlich, dass die Verdampfungsvorrichtung in relativ kurzer Zeit eine ausreichende Dampfmenge liefert. Zudem ist es in vielen Fällen wünschenswert, dass die Verdampfungsvorrichtung eine geringe Baugröße aufweist.Devices for vaporizing a fluid can be used, for example, for the purpose of nebulizing a space, for example the interior of a motor vehicle. Such a device can serve as an anti-theft device, wherein the generated fog in an attempt to gain access to the vehicle unauthorized or unauthorized to move the unauthorized person hindered in their actions or clearly recognizable from the outside signs for unauthorized use of the Vehicle generated. Furthermore, a device for evaporating a fluid, designed accordingly, can also be used for fire-extinguishing purposes.
For both uses, it is necessary that the vaporizing device provide a sufficient amount of steam in a relatively short time. In addition, it is desirable in many cases that the evaporation device has a small size.

Aus der DE 196 42 574 A 1 ist eine Nebelkartusche bekannt, bei der ein mit einer Thermitmischung gefülltes Heizkörpergehäuse in das Gehäuse der Nebelkartusche eingesetzt ist. Das Heizkörpergehäuse weist an seinem Außenumfang Rippen auf, um einen möglichst optimalen Wärmeübergang vom Heizkörpergehäuse auf das zu verdampfende Fluid zu ermöglichen, welches in dem im Wesentlichen ringförmigen Raum zwischen der Innenwandung des Kartuschengehäuses und der Außenwandung des Heizkörpergehäuses vorgesehen ist. Im Deckel des topfförmigen Kartuschengehäuses sind mehrere Austrittsöffnungen vorgesehen, aus denen nach dem Aktivieren der Thermitmischung der erzeugte Dampf austritt. Des Weiteren ist in der DE 196 42 574 A 1 eine Ausführungsform beschrieben, bei der das Heizkörpergehäuse von einem Verdampferkanal umgeben ist, welcher durch ein das Heizkörpergehäuse wendelförmig umgebendes Rohr ausgebildet sein kann oder in einen das Heizkörpergehäuse umgebenden Mantel eingegossen ist.From DE 196 42 574 A 1 a fog cartridge is known in which a filled with a Thermitmischung radiator housing is inserted into the housing of the mist cartridge. The radiator housing has ribs on its outer circumference in order to allow the best possible heat transfer from the radiator housing to the fluid to be vaporized, which is provided in the substantially annular space between the inner wall of the cartridge housing and the outer wall of the radiator housing. In the lid of the pot-shaped cartridge housing a plurality of outlet openings are provided, from which after the Activating the thermite mixture the generated vapor exits. Furthermore, DE 196 42 574 A 1 describes an embodiment in which the radiator housing is surrounded by an evaporator channel, which may be formed by a surrounding the radiator housing helically surrounding pipe or is poured into a casing surrounding the radiator housing.

In der EP 0878 242 A 2 sind ähnliche Vorrichtungen zum Verdampfen und/oder Vernebeln einer Flüssigkeit beschrieben. Beispielsweise ist in den Figuren 8-10 eine Ausführungsform dargestellt, bei der in der Außenwandung eines mit einer Thermitmischung gefüllten Heizkörpergehäuses eine oder mehrere Rillen vorgesehen sind, die durch das Anliegen der Innenwandung eines ringförmigen Kühlkörpers einen oder mehrere Verdampferkanäle ausbilden. Diese Verdampferkanäle dienen für das weitere Trocknen des verdampften Fluids, das von einem den Kühlkörper umgebenden Ringraum, in welchem die Erzeugung eines nassen Dampfes erfolgt, den Verdampferkanälen zugeführt wird. Das Zuführen des nassen Dampfes in die Verdampfungskanäle erfolgt über jeweils eine Drossel, welche durch eine Bohrung kleineren Durchmessers gebildet ist. Hierdurch wird der Massenstrom am Eingang eines Verdampferkanals begrenzt. Dies ist erforderlich, um einen Verdichtungsstoß zu vermeiden, der aufgrund des konstanten Querschnitts des Verdampferkanals über seine Länge infolge der weiteren Erhitzung und damit Volumenausdehnung des zu trocknenden Dampfes entstünde, wenn dem Verdampferkanal der zu trocknende Dampf bzw. das zu verdampfende Fluid über seinen voll geöffneten Querschnitt zugeführt würde.In EP 0878 242 A 2 similar devices for vaporizing and / or atomizing a liquid are described. For example, an embodiment is shown in Figures 8-10, in which in the outer wall of a filled with a Thermitmischung radiator housing one or more grooves are provided, which form by the abutment of the inner wall of an annular heat sink one or more evaporator channels. These evaporator channels serve for the further drying of the evaporated fluid, which is supplied to the evaporator channels from an annulus surrounding the heat sink, in which the generation of a wet vapor takes place. The feeding of the wet steam in the evaporation channels via a respective throttle, which is formed by a bore of smaller diameter. As a result, the mass flow at the entrance of an evaporator channel is limited. This is necessary to avoid a compression shock, which would arise due to the constant cross-section of the evaporator channel over its length due to the further heating and thus volume expansion of the steam to be dried, if the evaporator channel to be dried steam or the fluid to be vaporized over its fully open Cross section would be supplied.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids, insbesondere eines Nebelfluids, zu schaffen, welche eine geringe Baugröße aufweist und gleichzeitig die Erzeugung von Dampf mit einem großen Massenstrom ermöglicht.Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a device for the evaporation of a fluid, in particular a fog fluid, which has a small size and at the same time allows the generation of steam with a large mass flow.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention solves this problem with the features of patent claim 1.

Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass durch einen Verdampferkanal, der einen sich von der Zuführöffnung in Richtung der Austrittsöffnung erweiternden Querschnitt aufweist, eine gegenüber Verdampferkanälen mit konstantem Querschnitt wesentlich verbesserte Ausnutzung des Verdampferquerschnitts erreicht wird. Dem größeren Raumbedarf des immer heißer werdenden Heißdampfes wird auf diese Weise Rechnung getragen. Gegenüber bekannten Vorrichtungen mit konstantem Kanalquerschnitt ergibt sich somit eine Reduzierung des Platzbedarfs, wodurch kleinere Bauformen möglich sind.The invention is based on the recognition that an exploitation of the evaporator cross section which is substantially improved compared to evaporator channels with a constant cross section is achieved by means of an evaporator channel which has a cross section widening from the feed opening in the direction of the outlet opening. The larger space requirement of hotter and hotter steam is taken into account in this way. Compared with known devices with a constant channel cross-section, this results in a reduction of the space requirement, whereby smaller designs are possible.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Verdampferkanal mehrere Bereiche mit jeweils konstantem Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei der Querschnitt der Bereiche in Richtung auf die Austrittsöffnung zunimmt. Eine derartige Ausführungsform gewährleistet zwar keine optimale Ausnutzung des Kanalquerschnitts, jedoch ergibt sich in diesem Fall eine sehr einfache Herstellung des Verdampferkörpers.In one embodiment of the invention, the evaporator channel may have a plurality of regions each having a constant cross section, the cross section of the regions increasing in the direction of the outlet opening. Although such an embodiment does not ensure optimal utilization of the channel cross-section, but results in this case, a very simple production of the evaporator body.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform weist der Verdampferkanal einen oder mehrere Bereiche mit jeweils sich kontinuierlich vergrößerndem Querschnitt auf. Hierdurch ergibt sich gegenüber der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform eine weiter verbesserte Ausnutzung des Kanalquerschnitts bzw. der Oberfläche des Verdampfungskanals in Bezug auf den Wärmeübergang auf das zu verdampfende Fluid bzw. den zu trocknenden bzw. vollständiger zu verdampfenden nassen Dampf.In another embodiment, the evaporator channel has one or more regions, each having a continuously increasing cross-section. This results in comparison to the previously described embodiment, a further improved utilization of the channel cross-section or the surface of the evaporation channel with respect to the heat transfer to the fluid to be vaporized or to be dried or completely vaporized wet steam.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst der Verdampferkörper ein erstes Element, in dessen Innen- oder Außenwandung wenigstens eine nutförmige Ausnehmung zur Bildung des wenigstens einen Verdampferkanals vorgesehen ist. Das erste Element kann als Hohlelement, vorzugsweise als Hohlzylinder, ausgebildet sein. In Verbindung mit einem zweiten Element, welches eine Wandung aufweist, die mit der Innenwandung oder mit der Außenwandung des ersten Elements im Sinne einer Abdichtung der wenigstens einen nutförmigen Ausnehmung zusammenwirkt, wird wenigstens ein Verdampferkanal vorbestimmter Länge gebildet. Selbstverständlich können in der betreffenden Wandung des zweiten Elements ebenfalls nutförmige Ausnehmungen vorgesehen sein, die mit den Ausnehmungen in der entsprechenden Wandung des ersten Elements einen Verdampferkanal mit entsprechend vergrößertem Querschnitt bilden. Entsprechend kann eine einen Verdampferkanal bildende nutförmige Ausnehmung auch nur in der betreffenden Wandung des zweiten Elements vorgesehen sein.In one embodiment of the invention, the evaporator body comprises a first element, in whose inner or outer wall at least one groove-shaped recess for forming the at least one evaporator channel is provided. The first element may be formed as a hollow element, preferably as a hollow cylinder. In connection with a second element having a wall which cooperates with the inner wall or with the outer wall of the first element in the sense of sealing the at least one groove-shaped recess, at least one evaporator channel of predetermined length is formed. Of course, in the relevant wall of the second element also groove-shaped Recesses may be provided which form an evaporator channel with a correspondingly enlarged cross-section with the recesses in the corresponding wall of the first element. Accordingly, a groove-shaped recess forming an evaporator channel can also be provided only in the relevant wall of the second element.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die jeweils zusammenwirkenden Wandungen des ersten und zweiten Elements einen vorbestimmten geringen Winkel mit der Längsachse einschließen, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,1°bis 5°, so dass sich beim Ineinanderschieben der beiden Elemente bereits bei relativ geringen axialen Kräften hohe radiale, eine Abdichtung des Kanals bewirkende radiale Kräfte ergeben und ein guter Wärmeübergang ohne ein Verlöten oder Verschweißen der Elemente zuverlässig erreicht wird.In a further embodiment of the invention, the respective co-operating walls of the first and second elements may include a predetermined small angle with the longitudinal axis, preferably in the range of 0.1 ° to 5 °, so that when telescoping the two elements already at relatively low axial Forces high radial, resulting in a sealing of the channel causing radial forces and a good heat transfer without soldering or welding of the elements is reliably achieved.

In einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist unmittelbar angrenzend an die innere oder äußere Wandung des Verdampferkörpers eine wärmeerzeugende und/oder wärmespeichernde Einrichtung vorgesehen, wobei ein gut wärmeleitender Übergang von der wärmeerzeugenden und/oder wärmespeichernden Einrichtung zum Verdampferkörper ausgebildet ist. Die wärmeerzeugende und/oder wärmespeichernde Einrichtung kann dabei als pyrotechnische Heizeinrichtung ausgebildet sein, welche eine pyrotechnische Heizmischung oder eine Thermitmischung umfasst. Auf diese Weise lässt sich mit geringem Aufwand eine ansteuerbar aktivierbare Einrichtung zur Verdampfung des Fluids realisieren, welche in kurzer Zeit eine große Dampfmenge erzeugt.In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, a heat-generating and / or heat-storing device is provided immediately adjacent to the inner or outer wall of the evaporator body, wherein a good heat-conducting transition from the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device is formed to the evaporator body. The heat-generating and / or heat-storing device can be designed as a pyrotechnic heating device, which comprises a pyrotechnic heating mixture or a Thermitmischung. In this way, a controllable activatable device for the evaporation of the fluid can be realized with little effort, which generates a large amount of steam in a short time.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die wärmeerzeugende und/oder wärmespeichernde Einrichtung ein wärmespeicherndes Medium umfassen, beispielsweise eine Salzlösung, ein Öl oder ein bei Raumtemperatur festes, durch Energiezufuhr verflüssigbares, beispielsweise metallisches Wärmespeichermedium. Das Wärmespeichermedium kann von einer externen Einrichtung mit Wärmeenergie versorgt werden. Wird als Medium ein metallisches Wärmespeichermedium gewählt, beispielsweise Aluminium, Messing oder ein Lot, so ist eine Haltetemperatur bei der gewünschten Verdampfungstemperatur erzielbar, indem eine geeignete Legierung verwendet wird.In another embodiment of the invention, the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device may comprise a heat-storing medium, for example a saline solution, an oil or a solid at room temperature, liquefied by energy, such as metallic heat storage medium. The heat storage medium can be supplied with heat energy from an external device. Is chosen as the medium of a metallic heat storage medium, For example, aluminum, brass or a solder, a holding temperature at the desired evaporation temperature can be achieved by using a suitable alloy.

Nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung können der Verdampferkörper und die wärmeerzeugende und/oder wärmespeichernde Einrichtung als integrierte Kartusche ausgebildet sein, wobei der Verdampferkörper gleichzeitig als Behälter zur Aufnahme des wärmeerzeugenden und/oder wärmespeichernden Mediums ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine einfache und kostengünstige Herstellung der Vorrichtung.According to one embodiment of the invention, the evaporator body and the heat-generating and / or heat-storing device may be formed as an integrated cartridge, wherein the evaporator body is simultaneously formed as a container for receiving the heat-generating and / or heat-storing medium. This results in a simple and inexpensive production of the device.

Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig.1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids im Längsschnitt;
Fig. 2
eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids als integriert ausgebildete Kartusche;
Fig.3
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines rohrförmigen Elements zur Realisierung eines Verdampferkörpers nach Figur 2 und
Fjg.4
eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Elements zur Realisierung eines Verdampferkörpers mit einem sich kontinuierlich erweiternden Verdampferkanal.
The invention will be explained with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In the drawing show
Fig.1
a first embodiment of a device for the evaporation of a fluid in longitudinal section;
Fig. 2
a further embodiment of the invention for the evaporation of a fluid as an integrally formed cartridge;
Figure 3
a perspective view of a tubular element for the realization of an evaporator body of Figure 2 and
Fjg.4
a further embodiment of an element for the realization of an evaporator body with a continuously expanding evaporator channel.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung 1 zur Verdampfung eines Fluids 3 umfasst ein Gehäuse 5, welches aus einem hohlen, beispielsweise hohlzylindrischen Wandteil 7, einem Bodenteil 9 und einem Deckelteil 11 besteht. Das Wandteil 7 kann, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, aus einem inneren Teil 7a, beispielsweise aus Edelstahl, und einem damit verbundenen äußeren Teil 7b, beispielsweise aus einem kurzzeitig temperaturstabilen Kunststoff, bestehen. Das Wandteil 7 kann mit dem Bodenteil 9, welches ebenfalls aus Kunststoff bestehen kann, verklebt und/oder verpresst sein. Hierzu kann das Bodenteil 9 eine ringförmige Erhebung 9a aufweisen. Zusätzlich kann zur Abdichtung zwischen der Außenwandung der ringförmigen Erhebung 9a und der Innenwandung des Wandteils 7 ein Dichtelement 13, beispielsweise in Form eines O-Rings vorgesehen sein. Zur Verbindung des Wandteils 7 mit dem Bodenteil 9 kann auch (ggf. zusätzlich) eine Verschraubung vorgesehen sein, welche in Fig. 1 strichpunktiert angedeutet ist. Das Deckelteil 11 kann in gleicher Weise wie das Bodenteil 9 mit dem Wandteil 7 verbunden sein. Das Deckelteil 11 kann im Wesentlichen wie das Bodenteil 9 ausgebildet sein und eine umlaufende ringförmige Erhebung 11a aufweisen. Zur Abdichtung zwischen der Außenwandung der ringförmigen Erhebung 11a und der Innenwandung des Wandteils 7 kann ein weiteres Dichtelement 15, beispielsweise in Form eines O-Rings vorgesehen sein. Ebenso kann können das Wandteil 7 und das Bodenteil 9 oder das Wandteil 7 und das Deckelteil 11 einstückig ausgebildet sein.The device 1 shown in FIG. 1 for the evaporation of a fluid 3 comprises a housing 5, which consists of a hollow, for example hollow cylindrical wall part 7, a bottom part 9 and a cover part 11. The wall part 7 can, as shown in FIG 1, from an inner part 7a, for example made of stainless steel, and an associated outer part 7b, for example, a short-term temperature-stable plastic exist. The wall part 7 may be glued to the bottom part 9, which may also be made of plastic, and / or be pressed. For this purpose, the bottom part 9 may have an annular elevation 9a. In addition, for sealing between the outer wall of the annular elevation 9a and the inner wall of the wall part 7, a sealing element 13 may be provided, for example in the form of an O-ring. To connect the wall part 7 with the bottom part 9 may also (possibly in addition) be provided a screw, which is indicated by dash-dotted lines in Fig. 1. The lid part 11 may be connected to the wall part 7 in the same way as the bottom part 9. The cover part 11 may be formed substantially like the bottom part 9 and have a circumferential annular elevation 11a. For sealing between the outer wall of the annular elevation 11a and the inner wall of the wall portion 7, a further sealing element 15 may be provided, for example in the form of an O-ring. Likewise, the wall part 7 and the bottom part 9 or the wall part 7 and the lid part 11 may be integrally formed.

Im Inneren des Gehäuses 5 ist eine Heizkartusche 17 vorgesehen, die ein erstes, vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrisches Element 19 aufweist, welches in seiner Innenwandung und in seiner Außenwandung jeweils eine nutförmige Ausnehmung 21 bzw. 23 aufweist. Das erste Element 19 besteht aus einem gut wärmeleitenden, ausreichend temperaturstabilen Material, beispielsweise Aluminium.In the interior of the housing 5, a heating cartridge 17 is provided, which has a first, preferably substantially hollow cylindrical element 19 which in its inner wall and in its outer wall in each case has a groove-shaped recess 21 and 23, respectively. The first element 19 consists of a good heat-conducting, sufficiently temperature-stable material, such as aluminum.

An der Außenwandung des ersten Elements 19 ist ein zweites Element 25 vorgesehen, welches beispielsweise als Aluminiumrohr ausgebildet sein kann. Der Innendurchmesser des Aluminiumrohrs 25 ist dabei so gewählt, dass er im Wesentlichen dem Außendurchmesser des ersten Elements 19 entspricht und sich eine ausreichende Dichtwirkung zwischen den beiden Teilen ergibt. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein abgedichteter Verdampferkanal 27.On the outer wall of the first element 19, a second element 25 is provided, which may be formed, for example, as an aluminum tube. The inner diameter of the aluminum tube 25 is chosen so that it substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the first member 19 and results in a sufficient sealing effect between the two parts. In this way, a sealed evaporator channel 27 is formed.

Innerhalb des ersten Elements 19 ist ein drittes topfförmiges Element 29 vorgesehen, dessen Außendurchmesser im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des ersten Elements 19 entspricht. Hierdurch wird beim Einsetzen des dritten Elements in das erste Element eine Abdichtung der nutförmigen Ausnehmung 21 erreicht, so dass hierdurch ein weiterer Verdampferkanal 31 gebildet wird.Within the first element 19, a third pot-shaped element 29 is provided, the outer diameter of which substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the first element 19. As a result, a sealing of the groove-shaped recess 21 is achieved when inserting the third element into the first element, so that a further evaporator channel 31 is thereby formed.

Wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, kann die Außenwandung des dritten topfförmigen Teils 29 einen sich in Fig. 1 nach oben verringernden Durchmesser aufweisen. Mit anderen Worten, die Außenwandung des dritten Elements 29 entspricht dem Verlauf eines sich nach oben verjüngenden Kegelabschnitts. In entsprechender Weise ist die Innenwandung des ersten Elements 19 so ausgebildet, dass sich der Innendurchmesser, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, nach unten vergrößert. Die Tangenten an die Innenwandung des ersten Elements 19 bzw. an die Außenwandung des dritten Elements 29, die keine radiale Komponente aufweisen, schließen somit einen relativ geringen Winkel mit der Achse A der Heizkartusche 17 bzw. der Vorrichtung 1 ein, der vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,1° bis 5° liegt. Hierdurch lässt sich erreichen, dass beim Einsetzen des dritten, topfförmigen Elements 29 in das erste Element 19 bereits bei Erzeugung einer geringen axialen Einsetzkraft hohe radial wirkende Abdichtkräfte zwischen den einander zugewandten Flächen erzeugt werden.As shown in Fig. 1, the outer wall of the third cup-shaped member 29 may have a in Fig. 1 upwardly decreasing diameter. In other words, the outer wall of the third element 29 corresponds to the course of an upwardly tapering cone portion. In a corresponding manner, the inner wall of the first element 19 is formed so that the inner diameter, as shown in Fig. 1, increases downward. The tangents to the inner wall of the first member 19 and to the outer wall of the third member 29, which have no radial component thus include a relatively small angle with the axis A of the heating cartridge 17 and the device 1, preferably in the range of 0.1 ° to 5 °. In this way, it can be achieved that high radially acting sealing forces are generated between the mutually facing surfaces when the third cup-shaped element 29 is inserted into the first element 19 even when a small axial insertion force is generated.

Selbstverständlich kann das zweite Element 25 in gleicher Weise mit dem ersten Element verbunden sein. Die Verbindung dieser beiden Elemente kann jedoch auch durch Verkleben, Aufschrumpfen, Löten, Verschweißen oder dergleichen im Rahmen einer festen, unlösbaren Verbindung erfolgen. Der Vorteil der zuvor beschriebenen Verbindung des ersten Teils 19 mit dem dritten Teil 29 über entsprechend geneigte Flächen besteht darin, dass das dritte Element 29 lösbar mit dem ersten Element 19 verbindbar ist. Dient das dritte Element 29, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, zur Aufnahme eines pyrotechnischen Materials oder einer Thermitmischung 33, so kann das dritte Element 29 nach dem einmaligen Aktivieren des wärmeenergieerzeugenden Materials 33 damit einfach und kostengünstig gegen einen neuen Einsatz ausgetauscht werden.Of course, the second element 25 may be connected in the same way with the first element. However, the connection of these two elements can also be done by gluing, shrinking, soldering, welding or the like as part of a solid, permanent connection. The advantage of the previously described connection of the first part 19 with the third part 29 via correspondingly inclined surfaces is that the third element 29 is releasably connectable to the first element 19. If the third element 29, as shown in FIG. 1, serves to receive a pyrotechnic material or a thermite mixture 33, the third element 29 can be simply and inexpensively exchanged for a new insert once the heat energy generating material 33 has been activated once.

Das Fixieren der Heizkartusche 17 im Gehäuse 5 erfolgt dadurch, dass die Heizkartusche mit ihrem unteren Ende in der ringförmigen Erhebung 9a des Bodenteils 9 gehalten ist. In ihrem oberen Bereich erfolgt die Fixierung der Heizkartusche 17 in gleicher Weise durch das Deckelteil 11, wobei jeweils der obere Bereich des zweiten Elements 25 bzw. des dritten Elements 29 in entsprechenden Ausnehmungen bzw. deren Innenwandungen im Deckelteil 11 gehalten sind. Zur Abdichtung können weitere Dichtelemente 35, 37, 39 zwischen der Innenwandung der ringförmigen Erhebung 9a bzw. der ringförmigen Erhebung 11a und der Außenwandung des zweiten Elements 25 sowie zwischen der Innenwandung einer Aufnahmeausnehmung für das dritte Element 29 im Deckelteil 11 und der Außenwandung des dritten Elements 29 vorgesehen sein.The fixing of the heating cartridge 17 in the housing 5 is effected in that the heating cartridge is held with its lower end in the annular elevation 9 a of the bottom part 9. In its upper region, the fixing of the heating cartridge 17 in the same way by the lid part 11, wherein in each case the upper portion of the second member 25 and the third member 29 are held in corresponding recesses or their inner walls in the lid part 11. For sealing, further sealing elements 35, 37, 39 between the inner wall of the annular elevation 9a and the annular elevation 11a and the outer wall of the second member 25 and between the inner wall of a receiving recess for the third element 29 in the cover part 11 and the outer wall of the third element 29 may be provided.

Ein weiteres ringscheibenförmiges Dichtelement 41 kann zwischen den oberen Stirnseiten des ersten Elements 19 und des zweiten Elements 25 und der stirnseitigen Innenwandung des Deckelteils 11 vorgesehen sein. Über dieses Dichtelement 41 beaufschlagt die stirnseitige Innenwandung des Deckelteils 11 das erste und zweite Element 19, 25 der Heizkartusche 17 in axialer Richtung, so dass die gewünschten radialen Dichtkräfte zwischen der AuBenwandung des dritten Elements 29 und der Inennwandung des ersten Elements 19 erzeugt werden. Die Aufnahmeausnehmung für den oberen Bereich des dritten Elements 29 im Deckelteil 11 ist hierzu derart ausgebildet, dass eine Beaufschlagung der oberen stimseitigen Wandung des dritten Elements 29 allenfalls erst dann erfolgt, wenn das erste Element 19 so weit auf das dritte Element 29 aufgeschoben wurde, dass ausreichend hohe radiale Dichtkräfte entstanden sind.Another annular disk-shaped sealing element 41 may be provided between the upper end faces of the first element 19 and the second element 25 and the front-side inner wall of the cover part 11. By means of this sealing element 41, the end-side inner wall of the cover part 11 urges the first and second elements 19, 25 of the heating cartridge 17 in the axial direction, so that the desired radial sealing forces are generated between the outer wall of the third element 29 and the inner wall of the first element 19. The receiving recess for the upper region of the third element 29 in the lid part 11 is for this purpose designed such that an impact on the upper end wall of the third element 29 at best only occurs when the first element 19 has been pushed so far onto the third element 29, that sufficiently high radial sealing forces have arisen.

Ein derartiges Verspannen des ersten Elements 19 und des dritten Elements 29 lässt sich selbstverständlich auch dann erreichen, wenn das dritte Element 29, in axialer Richtung gesehen, umgekehrt konisch ausgebildet ist. In diesem Fall kann das erste Element 19 auf dem Bodenteil 9 aufsitzen und das dritte Element 29 mittels des Deckelteils 11 in das erste Element 19 hinein gedrückt werden.Such bracing of the first element 19 and of the third element 29 can of course also be achieved if the third element 29, seen in the axial direction, is conically formed in reverse. In this case, the first element 19 can rest on the bottom part 9 and the third element 29 can be pressed into the first element 19 by means of the cover part 11.

Im Deckelteil 11 ist des Weiteren ein Elektrodendurchlasselement 43 vorgesehen, über welches nicht dargestellte Elektroden in das Innere des dritten Elements 29 geführt sind, wobei die Elektroden so weit in den mit der pyrotechnischen oder Thermitmischung 33 gefüllten Bereich ragen, dass eine Aktivierung bzw. ein Zünden des Materials gewährleistet ist. Die Elektroden können hierzu über einen in das Material 33 ragenden Heiz oder Glühdraht verbunden sein, so dass bei Stromfluss durch die Elektroden der Heizdraht bis zum Glühen erhitzt wird und die pyrotechnische oder Thermitmischung 33 zündet. Anstelle des Heiz- oder Glühdrahtes kann auch ein Element treten, das bei Stromdurchfluss ein Plasma erzeugt. Dies eignet sich z.B. für das Zünden einer Thermitmischung. Der Innenraum des dritten Elements 29 ist in der Regel nicht vollständig mit dem Material 33 gefüllt. Um das Deckelteil 11 vor den Verbrennungsprodukten zu schützen, wird der mit Material gefüllte Teilbereich des Innenraums durch ein Scheibenelement 45 begrenzt. Das Element 45 kann beispielsweise durch Einpressen, Einkleben oder Einrasten an der Innenwandung des dritten Elements 29 fixiert sein. Das Scheibenelement besteht vorzugsweise aus Stahl oder Kupfer.In addition, an electrode passage element 43 is provided in the cover part 11, via which electrodes, not shown, are guided into the interior of the third element 29, the electrodes projecting so far into the region filled with the pyrotechnic or thermit mixture 33 that an activation or an ignition occurs of the material is guaranteed. For this purpose, the electrodes can be connected via a heating or glow wire projecting into the material 33, so that, when the current flows through the electrodes, the heating wire is heated until annealing and the pyrotechnic or thermite mixture 33 is ignited. Instead of the heating or glowing wire can also occur an element that generates a plasma at current flow. This is suitable e.g. for igniting a thermite mixture. The interior of the third element 29 is not completely filled with the material 33 as a rule. In order to protect the cover part 11 from the combustion products, the portion of the interior filled with material is bounded by a disk element 45. The element 45 may, for example, be fixed to the inner wall of the third element 29 by being pressed in, glued or snapped on. The disk element is preferably made of steel or copper.

Die untere Stirnseite des dritten Elements 29 ist so ausgebildet, dass der der Achse A benachbarte Bereich über die seitlichen Bereiche (in Fig. 1 nach unten) hinausragt. Demzufolge bleibt beim Einsetzen des dritten Elements 29 bzw. der Heizkartusche 17 in das Gehäuse 5 ein Ringraum 47 frei, der eine Verbindung zwischen den Verdampferkanälen 27 und 31 bewirkt. Die nutförmigen Ausnehmungen 27 bzw. 31 sind hierzu so ausgebildet, dass an der unteren Stirnseite des ersten Elements 19 entsprechende Öffnungen in den Ringraum 47 münden bzw. beide Ausnehmungen einfach am unteren Ende des Elements 19 auslaufen.The lower end side of the third element 29 is formed such that the region adjacent to the axis A protrudes beyond the lateral regions (downward in FIG. 1). Accordingly, when inserting the third element 29 or the heating cartridge 17 into the housing 5, an annular space 47 remains free, which causes a connection between the evaporator channels 27 and 31. The groove-shaped recesses 27 and 31 are for this purpose designed so that at the lower end face of the first member 19 corresponding openings open into the annular space 47 and both recesses simply terminate at the lower end of the element 19.

Wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, ist im zweiten Element 25 im oberen Bereich der ringförmigen Ausnehmung 23 bzw. des Verdampferkanals 27 wenigstens eine Zuführöffnung 49 vorgesehen, die mit dem Element 51 membranartig verschossen ist.As shown in Fig. 1, at least one feed opening 49 is provided in the second element 25 in the upper region of the annular recess 23 and the evaporator channel 27, which is shot like a membrane with the element 51.

Auf diese Weise wird nach dem Aktivieren des Wärmeenergie erzeugenden Materials 33 im Inneren des dritten Elements 29 der Heizkartusche 17 die erzeugte Wärmeenergie über die Wandung des dritten Elements 29 an das erste Element 19 und von diesem über das zweite Element 25 an das zu verdampfende Fluid 53 übertragen, welches im Ringraum zwischen der Innenwandung des Wandelements 7 und der Außenwandung des zweiten Elements 25 der Heizkartusche 17 im Gehäuse 5 aufgenommen ist.In this way, after activation of the heat energy generating material 33 inside the third element 29 of the heating cartridge 17, the heat energy generated via the wall of the third element 29 to the first element 19 and from there via the second element 25 to the fluid to be vaporized 53rd transferred, which is received in the annular space between the inner wall of the wall element 7 and the outer wall of the second element 25 of the heating cartridge 17 in the housing 5.

Nach dem Beginn des Zuführens von Wärmeenergie in das Fluid 53 wird dieses zunächst soweit erwärmt bzw. verdampft, bis der Druck einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet, der das Verschlusselement 51 zum Bersten bringt. Anschließend tritt das Fluid 53, bzw. ein entsprechend nasser Dampf oder ein Gemisch hieraus über die Zuführöffnung 49 in den Verdampferkanal 27 ein. Beim Durchlaufen des Verdampferkanals 27 wird das Fluid weiter erhitzt bzw. weiter verdampft. Nachdem der wendelförmig verlaufende Verdampferkanal 27 durchlaufen ist, tritt das Fluid/Dampfgemisch bzw. ein noch relativ nasser Dampf in die untere Öffnung des Verdampferkanals 31 ein.After the beginning of the supply of heat energy into the fluid 53, this is first heated or evaporated until the pressure exceeds a predetermined value, which causes the closure element 51 to burst. Subsequently, the fluid 53, or a correspondingly wet steam or a mixture thereof, enters the evaporator channel 27 via the feed opening 49. When passing through the evaporator channel 27, the fluid is further heated or further evaporated. After the helically extending evaporator channel 27 has passed, the fluid / vapor mixture or a still relatively wet steam enters the lower opening of the evaporator channel 31.

An dieser Stelle sei erwähnt, dass zwischen der bodenseitigen Stirnwandung des dritten Elements 29 und der ihr zugewandten Fläche des Bodenteils 9 selbstverständlich ein Dicht- bzw. Wärmedämmmaterial 55, beispielsweise in Form einer Dichtscheibe, vorgesehen sein kann.At this point it should be mentioned that between the bottom end wall of the third element 29 and its surface facing the bottom part 9, of course, a sealing or thermal insulation material 55, for example in the form of a sealing disc can be provided.

Sowohl der Verdampferkanal 27 zwischen der Zuführöffnung 49 und der bodenseitigen Austrittsöffnung einen konstanten Kanalquerschnitt aufweist, ist der Verdampferkanal 31 so ausgebildet, dass sein Kanalquerschnitt in Richtung von seiner bodenseitigen Zuführöffnung zur Austrittsöffnung, welche mit einer Austrittsöffnung 57 im Deckelteil 11 verbunden ist, einen sich kontinuierlich erweiternden Querschnitt aufweist. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass mit einem immer vollständiger werdenden Verdampfungszustand des Fluids 53 dessen erhöhtem Volumenbedarf Rechnung getragen wird. Ein Verdichtungsstoß, der quasi zu einer "Verstopfung" des Verdampferkanals 31 führen würde, wird auf diese Weise sicher vermieden. Der Kanalquerschnitt ist dabei vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass an jedem Punkt des Kanals 31 (über seine Länge gesehen) der Kanalquerschnitt in einem differentiellen Längenelement so gewählt ist, dass das differentielle Volumen dem Volumen des darin enthaltenen verdampften Fluids bei der jeweiligen Temperatur und dem jeweiligen Druck angepasst ist.Both the evaporator channel 27 between the feed opening 49 and the bottom outlet opening has a constant channel cross-section, the evaporator channel 31 is formed so that its channel cross-section in the direction of its bottom-side feed opening to the outlet opening, which is connected to an outlet opening 57 in the lid part 11, a continuously has widening cross-section. This ensures that with an increasingly complete evaporation state of the fluid 53 its increased volume requirement is taken into account. A compression shock, which would virtually lead to a "blockage" of the evaporator channel 31, is safely avoided in this way. Of the Channel cross-section is preferably chosen so that at each point of the channel 31 (seen over its length), the channel cross-section is selected in a differential length element so that the differential volume adapted to the volume of the vaporized fluid contained therein at the respective temperature and pressure is.

Selbstverständlich könnte auch bereits der Verdampferkanal 27 mit einem sich erweiternden Querschnitt ausgebildet sein.Of course, even the evaporator channel 27 could be formed with a widening cross-section.

Durch die Ausbildung jeweils eines Verdampfungskanals sowohl an der Innenwandung bzw. Außenwandung des ersten Elements 19 ergibt sich der Vorteil eines ausreichend langen Verdampfungskanals (mit entsprechend großer Öberfläche für den Wärmeübergang) bei gleichzeitig geringer Bauhöhe. Zudem kann die Zuführöffnung 49 in einem Bereich gewählt werden, der bei einer unvollständigen Füllung des Ringraums mit dem zu verdampfenden Fluid 53 oberhalb des Flüssigkeitspegels liegt. Dies gilt zumindest bei einer Verwendung der Vorrichtung 1 in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten aufrechten Stellung. Der unmittelbare Eintritt von nicht verdampften Fluid 53 in den Verdampferkanal 27 wird somit vermieden.By forming a respective evaporation channel on both the inner wall and the outer wall of the first element 19, there is the advantage of a sufficiently long evaporation channel (with a correspondingly large surface area for the heat transfer) with simultaneously low overall height. In addition, the feed opening 49 can be selected in a range which, with an incomplete filling of the annular space with the fluid 53 to be evaporated, lies above the liquid level. This applies at least when using the device 1 in the upright position shown in Fig. 1. The immediate entry of unevaporated fluid 53 into the evaporator channel 27 is thus avoided.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung eines Fluids, welche im Wesentlichen lediglich als Heizkartusche, ähnlich der Heizkartusche 17 nach Fig. 1 ausgebildet ist. Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Vorrichtung 100 weist ein Gehäuse 102 auf, welches ein Wandteil 104, ein darin eingreifendes topfförmiges Teil 106 und ein Deckelteil 108 umfasst. Das topfförmige Teil 106 weist in seiner Außenwandung eine wendelförmig verlaufende nutförmige Ausnehmung 110 auf, die entlang ihres Verlaufs in zwei Bereiche mit unterschiedlichem Querschnitt gegliedert ist.FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device for evaporating a fluid, which is designed essentially merely as a heating cartridge, similar to the heating cartridge 17 according to FIG. The device 100 shown in FIG. 2 has a housing 102 which comprises a wall part 104, a pot-shaped part 106 engaging therein and a cover part 108. The pot-shaped part 106 has in its outer wall a helically extending groove-shaped recess 110, which is structured along its course in two areas with different cross-section.

Die Außenwandung des topfförmigen Teils 106 wirkt wiederum mit der Innenwandung eines darauf aufgeschobenen Wandteils 104 andichtend zusammen, so dass ein entsprechend dem Verlauf der nutförmigen Ausnehmung 110 ausgebildeter, dichter Verdampferkanal 112 entsteht. Im Bodenbereich des topfförmigen Teils 106 ist eine radial verlaufende Zuführöffnung 114 ausgebildet, welche mit dem Verdampferkanal 112 bzw. dessen erstem Abschnitt mit geringerem Querschnitt verbunden ist. Im oberen Bereich der Wandung des topfförmigen Teils 106 mündet der Verdampferkanal 112 in einen Ringraum 116, der mit mehreren Austrittsöffnungen 118 verbunden ist, die im Deckelteil 108 ausgebildet sind. Das Deckelteil 108 ist dichtend mit dem Wandteil 104 und dem topfförmigen Teil 106 verbunden. Zur Abdichtung können Dichtelemente 120, 122 zwischen einer Außenwandung des Deckelteils 108 und der Innenwandung des Wandteils 104 bzw. einer Außenwandung eines in das topfförmige Teil 106 eingreifenden Bereichs des Wandteils 104 und der Innenwandung des topfförmigen Teils 106 vorgesehen sein. In gleicher Weise kann das Wandteil 104 in seinem unteren Bereich mittels eines weiteren Dichtelements 124, welches zwischen der Innenwandung des Wandteils 104 und der Außenwandung des topfförmigen Teils 106 vorgesehen ist, abdichtend mit dem topfförmigen Teil 106 verbunden sein. Ebenso wie bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 ist ein durch ein Schutzelement 126 begrenzter Teil des Innenraums des topfförmigen Teils 106 mit einem aktivierbaren, wärmeerzeugendem Material 35, beispielsweise einer pyrotechnischen oder Thermitmischung gefüllt. Es sind wiederum zwei Elektroden 128 (in nicht dargestellter Weise abdichtend) durch das Deckelteil 108 geführt und mit einer Aktivierungseinrichtung 130 für das Aktivieren des wärmeenergieerzeugenden Materials 35 verbunden. Im einfachsten Fall kann es sich bei der Aktivierungseinrichtung 130 um einen Heizdraht handeln.The outer wall of the cup-shaped part 106 in turn cooperates sealingly with the inner wall of a wall part 104 pushed thereon, so that a correspondingly formed according to the course of the groove-shaped recess 110, denser Evaporator 112 is formed. In the bottom region of the cup-shaped part 106, a radially extending feed opening 114 is formed, which is connected to the evaporator channel 112 and its first portion with a smaller cross-section. In the upper region of the wall of the pot-shaped part 106, the evaporator channel 112 opens into an annular space 116, which is connected to a plurality of outlet openings 118, which are formed in the cover part 108. The lid part 108 is sealingly connected to the wall part 104 and the cup-shaped part 106. For sealing, sealing elements 120, 122 may be provided between an outer wall of the cover part 108 and the inner wall of the wall part 104 or an outer wall of an area of the wall part 104 engaging in the cup-shaped part 106 and the inner wall of the cup-shaped part 106. In the same way, the wall part 104 may be sealingly connected to the cup-shaped part 106 in its lower region by means of a further sealing element 124 which is provided between the inner wall of the wall part 104 and the outer wall of the cup-shaped part 106. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a part of the interior of the cup-shaped part 106 delimited by a protective element 126 is filled with an activatable, heat-generating material 35, for example a pyrotechnic or thermit mixture. Again, two electrodes 128 (sealingly not shown) are passed through the lid member 108 and connected to an activation means 130 for activating the heat energy generating material 35. In the simplest case, the activation device 130 may be a heating wire.

Selbstverständlich kann die in Figur 2 dargestellte Vorrichtung 100 auch als Heizkartusche in einer Vorrichtung ähnlich der Vorrichtung 1 in Fig. 1 Verwendung finden. Hierzu könnte beispielsweise die Zuführöffnung 114 entsprechend verdämmt werden, so dass das zu verdampfende Fluid erst bei Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Drucks nach dem Bersten des Verschlusselements in den Verdampferkanal 112 eintritt. Der Zuführöffnung 114 kann das zu verdampfende Fluid jedoch auf beliebige andere Weise, beispielsweise aus einem externen Vorratsbehälter, mit einem entsprechenden Druck zugeführt werden.Of course, the device 100 shown in Figure 2 can also be used as a heating cartridge in a device similar to the device 1 in Fig. 1 use. For this purpose, for example, the feed opening 114 could be correspondingly blocked, so that the fluid to be evaporated does not enter the evaporator channel 112 until a predetermined pressure is exceeded after the bursting of the closure element. However, the supply port 114 may be supplied with the fluid to be evaporated in any other way, for example from an external reservoir, with a corresponding pressure.

In umgekehrter Weise kann selbstverständlich auch die Inennwandung des dritten Elements 29 der Ausführungsform in Fig. 1 mit einer in Fig. 2 dargestellten Struktur 132 versehen sein, welche die Oberfläche des betreffenden Elements zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs vergrößert. Beispielsweise kann die Struktur 132 Rippen in der Innenwandung des betreffenden Elements 29 bzw. 106 aufweisen.Conversely, of course, the inner wall of the third member 29 of the embodiment in Fig. 1 may be provided with a structure 132 shown in Fig. 2, which enlarges the surface of the heat transfer enhancing member concerned. For example, the structure 132 may have ribs in the inner wall of the respective element 29 or 106.

Fig. 3 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung das topfförmige Element 106, wobei die beiden Bereiche der ringförmigen Nut 110, die einen jeweils verschiedenen Querschnitt aufweisen und den Verdampferkanal 112 definieren, besser erkennbar sind. Der in Fig. 3 dargestellte untere Bereich geht von einer ringförmigen Ausnehmung 134 aus, die, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, mit einer radialen Zuführöffnung 114 verbunden ist. Die Verbindung des ersten Bereichs der nutförmigen Ausnehmung 110 mit geringerem Querschnitt mit dem zweiten Bereich mit größerem Querschnitt erfolgt wiederum über einen ringförmigen Bereich 136.3 shows a perspective view of the pot-shaped element 106, wherein the two regions of the annular groove 110, which each have a different cross section and define the evaporator channel 112, are better recognizable. The lower region shown in Fig. 3 is based on an annular recess 134 which, as shown in Fig. 2, connected to a radial feed opening 114. The connection of the first region of the groove-shaped recess 110 with a smaller cross-section to the second region with a larger cross-section in turn takes place via an annular region 136.

Die ringförmigen Bereiche 134 und 136 sind im Wesentlichen zur Erleichterung des Fertigungsprozesses vorgesehen.The annular regions 134 and 136 are provided substantially to facilitate the manufacturing process.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform eines topfförmigen Elements 106, wobei die ringförmige Ausnehmung 110 jedoch mit einem sich kontinuierlich vergrößernden Querschnitt ausgebildet ist. Diese Variante stellt, physikalisch betrachtet, selbstverständlich die bessere Wahl dar, da der Öffnungsquerschnitt des entstehenden Verdampferkanals an jedem Punkt seiner (gewendelten) Länge dem betreffenden differentiellen Volumen des Dampfs angepasst werden kann.4 shows a further embodiment of a pot-shaped element 106, wherein the annular recess 110 is, however, formed with a continuously enlarging cross-section. This variant, of course, is the better choice physically, since the opening cross-section of the resulting evaporator channel can be adapted at any point of its (coiled) length to the relevant differential volume of the steam.

Abschließend sei darauf hingewiesen, dass selbstverständlich sämtliche Merkmale, die vorstehend nur in Verbindung mit der einen oder anderen Ausführungsform beschrieben sind, soweit sinnvoll, auch bei der jeweils anderen Ausführungsform einsetzbar sind.Finally, it should be noted that, of course, all features that are described above only in connection with one or the other embodiment, as far as appropriate, are also applicable to the other embodiment.

In beiden Fällen kann anstelle eines wärmeerzeugenden Materials, wie einer pyrotechnischen oder Thermitmischung auch ein rein wärmespeicherndes Material (oder auch eine Kombination aus beiden Möglichkeiten) eingesetzt werden. Im Fall eines rein wärmespeichernden Materials ist es erforderlich, extern Energie zuzuführen. Beispielsweise könnte im Inneren oder auch extern eine Heizvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, die Wärmeenergie in das wärmespeichernde Material einbringt.In both cases, instead of a heat-generating material, such as a pyrotechnic or Thermitmischung also a purely heat-storing material (or a combination of both possibilities) are used. In the case of a purely heat-storing material, it is necessary to supply energy externally. For example, could be provided inside or externally a heater that introduces heat energy in the heat storage material.

Claims (12)

  1. A device for vaporizing a fluid, in particular a fogging fluid or an extinguishing fluid,
    a) with a vaporizing unit in which at least one vaporizing channel is incorporated, wherein the fluid or an already partially vaporized fluid in the form of wet vapour or a mixture of these can be passed to the vaporizing channel via an inlet opening and wherein the substantially fully vaporized fluid is discharged from an outlet opening,
    characterised in that
    b) the cross-section of the vaporizing channel is designed to become wider in the direction from the inlet opening towards the discharge opening.
  2. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the vaporizing channel has several regions, each with a constant cross-section, wherein the cross-sections of the regions increase in the direction towards the discharge opening.
  3. A device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the vaporizing channel has one or more regions, each with a continuously increasing cross-section.
  4. A device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the vaporizing unit contains a first element, in the internal and/or external wall of which is provided at least one groove-shaped recess in order to form the at least one vaporizing channel.
  5. A device according to Claim 4, characterised in that the first element is designed as a hollow element, preferably as a hollow cylinder.
  6. A device according to Claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the vaporizing unit contains at least a second element which has a wall which acts together with the internal wall or with the external wall of the first hollow element in the context of a seal for the at least one groove-shaped recess in order to form the at least one vaporizing channel.
  7. A device according to Claim 6, characterised in that each of the walls of the first and second elements which act together make a predetermined small angle with the longitudinal axis, preferably in the region of 0.1º to 5º.
  8. A device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a heat-producing and/or heat-storing facility is provided directly adjacent to the internal or external wall of the vaporizing unit, wherein efficient transfer by conduction of heat from the heat-producing and/or heat-storing device to the vaporizing unit is developed.
  9. A device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the heat-producing and/or heat-storing facility is designed as a pyrotechnic heating facility which contains a pyrotechnic heating mixture or a thermite mixture.
  10. A device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the heat-producing and/or heat-storing facility contains a heat-storage medium, preferably a salt solution, an oil or a, for example metallic, heat-storage medium which is solid at room temperature and can be liquefied by the introduction of energy.
  11. A device according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the heat-producing and/or heat-storing facility is located inside the vaporizing unit.
  12. A device according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the vaporizing unit and the heat-producing and/or heat-storing facility are designed as an integrated cartridge, wherein the vaporizing unit is simultaneously designed as a container to hold the heat-producing and/or heat-storing medium.
EP02748560A 2001-05-29 2002-05-29 Device for vaporizing a fluid, particularly a fogging fluid or extinguishing fluid Expired - Lifetime EP1393009B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10126273 2001-05-29
DE10126273A DE10126273A1 (en) 2001-05-29 2001-05-29 Device for evaporating a fluid, in particular a mist or extinguishing fluid
PCT/DE2002/001992 WO2002097358A1 (en) 2001-05-29 2002-05-29 Device for vaporizing a fluid, particularly a fogging fluid or extinguishing fluid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1393009A1 EP1393009A1 (en) 2004-03-03
EP1393009B1 true EP1393009B1 (en) 2006-03-01

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US (1) US20050011651A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1393009B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE319068T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10126273A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002097358A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7946228B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2011-05-24 Wendy Gainsborough, legal representative Self contained non toxic obscurant grenade and self-contained aerosol dispersing grenade
WO2020243822A1 (en) 2019-06-05 2020-12-10 Canopy Growth Corporation Convection and conduction vaporizer and method for operating the same
CN115620994B (en) * 2022-10-12 2023-12-08 江苏亨特集团华特电气有限公司 Antitheft transformer

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US1373809A (en) * 1917-07-11 1921-04-05 Jr William S Hadaway Vapor electric heater
US2117337A (en) * 1934-11-03 1938-05-17 Lobl Karel Evaporator
CH282278A (en) * 1949-10-21 1952-04-30 Doresa Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for generating artificial fog.
GB788193A (en) * 1954-09-04 1957-12-23 Separator Ab Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers
GB859876A (en) * 1956-03-21 1961-01-25 Apv Co Ltd Improvements in evaporators
US3584194A (en) * 1969-05-23 1971-06-08 Aro Corp Fluid heating techniques
US4199675A (en) * 1977-06-23 1980-04-22 Nordson Corporation Electric fluid heater
US4297563A (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-27 Berry Clyde F Electric steam generating unit
SE424143B (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-07-05 Alfa Laval Ab Plate evaporator
SE426653B (en) * 1980-12-08 1983-02-07 Alfa Laval Ab Plate evaporator
US4480172A (en) * 1982-06-17 1984-10-30 Henry Ciciliot Electric heat exchanger for simultaneously vaporizing two different fluids
US4871115A (en) * 1987-08-24 1989-10-03 Hessey B Russell Smoke generating apparatus
GB9119693D0 (en) * 1991-09-14 1991-10-30 Black & Decker Inc Steam generator
DE19734232A1 (en) * 1996-10-15 1999-02-18 Peter Dr Ing Lell Vaporising device for fluids
DE19642574C2 (en) * 1996-10-15 2002-10-24 Peter Lell fog cartridge
DE19720428A1 (en) * 1996-10-15 1998-11-19 Peter Dr Ing Lell Vaporising device for fluids
TW565626B (en) * 1996-11-20 2003-12-11 Ebara Corp Liquid feed vaporization system and gas injection device
ATE278476T1 (en) * 1997-05-15 2004-10-15 Peter Dr Lell DEVICE FOR VAPORIZING AND/OR NEBULIZING A LIQUID

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Publication number Publication date
EP1393009A1 (en) 2004-03-03
WO2002097358A1 (en) 2002-12-05
ATE319068T1 (en) 2006-03-15
US20050011651A1 (en) 2005-01-20
DE50205951D1 (en) 2006-04-27
DE10126273A1 (en) 2002-12-12

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