EP1373623B1 - Needle-punching machine equipped with a penetration measuring device - Google Patents
Needle-punching machine equipped with a penetration measuring device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1373623B1 EP1373623B1 EP02706913A EP02706913A EP1373623B1 EP 1373623 B1 EP1373623 B1 EP 1373623B1 EP 02706913 A EP02706913 A EP 02706913A EP 02706913 A EP02706913 A EP 02706913A EP 1373623 B1 EP1373623 B1 EP 1373623B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- textile structure
- needling
- needles
- needle
- low point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of structures needle-punched textiles for use in the manufacture of parts protection used at high temperatures, structural parts engines - rockets or very high-speed brake discs performance for aviation or land vehicles.
- the discs To resist these shear forces generating a delamination effect, the discs must be manufactured in such a way as to minimize structural heterogeneities. Indeed, a non uniform has local areas of stress with characteristics heterogeneous substances which considerably increase the risks of tear.
- brake discs are developed from a reinforcing textile structure, formed of a plurality of layers superimposed and needled by a set of barbed needles penetrating in the z direction, ie transversally to the layers.
- the textile structure After cutting, the textile structure is carbonized, densified to using a material forming a matrix and is eventually subject to to a heat treatment.
- the layers are superimposed on a support.
- a downward movement in steps is generally imposed on the support as the layering and needling of different layers. The mechanical characteristics of the final product thus obtained heavily dependent on the actual needling density selected for the reinforcement textile structure.
- the patent application EP 0 695 823 sought to improve the knowledge of the penetration depth of the needles by means of feeler rolls measuring the position of the upper surface of the textile structure between needling operations and arranged laterally to the working area of the needles.
- the present invention therefore proposes a needling machine and its associated method which overcomes this disadvantage by allowing a measurement of the actual penetration of the needles into the textile structure at needling taking into account its deformation during operations needling of the different layers that compose it.
- a needling machine of a textile structure formed of a plurality of superposed layers comprising a vertically movable needling table, a head needling device having a determined number of barbed needles and disposed vertically above said needling table, and means drive the needling head to give it a movement vertical alternative defining a low point of maximum penetration of needles in said textile structure, characterized in that it comprises in addition measuring means arranged at said head needling device for measuring the position of an upper surface of said textile structure at said low point of maximum penetration of the needles.
- these measuring means are arranged in a median plane of said needling head perpendicular to a direction in advance of said textile structure.
- these means of measuring the position of the upper surface of said textile structure comprise an optical measuring assembly without contact.
- it is a laser transmitter / receiver of the wide beam type.
- these measurement means may comprise a mechanical touch probe.
- a sensor is provided, preferably inductive or optical type, for determining said low point of penetration maximum needles and processing means to control the vertical displacement of said needling table according to the measuring the position of the upper surface of the textile structure performed at the said point of maximum penetration of the needles by the said measuring means.
- the invention also relates to the method used in the aforementioned machine and the textile structure obtained by this method.
- the measurement of the position of the upper surface of the textile structure is carried out by means of instantaneous measurements recorded in real time along the entire length of the textile structure.
- FIGS. 2 Two examples of realization of a machine allowing needling of a flat textile structure are shown in FIGS. 2.
- the invention is not limited to only the manufacture of flat structures and that of forming a structure by winding a fibrous web also finds application with the present invention, whether it is an annular winding of a tablecloth or helical fabric in coils superimposed flat, or a winding a sheet in turns superimposed on a mandrel.
- the machine conventionally comprises a so-called table 10 needling for supporting layers 12 or webs of width and length determined according to the final structure to be achieved, and will be brought one after the other to be superimposed in layers successive.
- the table is placed in line with a needling head 14 comprising, mounted on a needle board 16, a predetermined number barb needles 18 of known type, and which can be animated by a vertical reciprocating motion by one or more crank-handle assemblies 20 motorized by a single engine or not.
- a stripper 22 fixed on a frame 24 of the machine is mounted above the table needling to prevent the textile structure from being driven during the rise of needles.
- the table as the stripper are respectively pierced with holes 26, 28 for the passage of the needles.
- the table is vertically movable by means of a drive device 30 consisting for example of a motorized worm.
- a drive device 30 consisting for example of a motorized worm.
- Several series of drive rollers 32, 34 (also called input / output presses) arranged upstream and downstream of the machine provide transport horizontal of the textile structure towards the needling head.
- the stroke of the needles being constant with respect to the frame to which they are connected and the table needling being positioned at a known distance from this built, it is easy to show that the penetration distance of the needles in the textile material directly depends on the thickness of material existing between the needling table and the measured upper surface.
- the measuring means 36 are fixed on the frame 24 and it is expected that the needle board 16 (and the stripper 22) is pierced of an orifice 38 (respectively a through hole 40) to allow a cooperation of these measuring means with the upper surface of the textile structure.
- this cooperation may be done without contact (with a distance measurement of the position of the upper surface of the textile structure) or with contact (by the descent a mechanical probe on the upper surface of the textile structure).
- Figure 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention in which these contactless measuring means are constituted by an optical measuring unit such as a laser transmitter / receiver 42.
- the transmitter directs a laser beam, through the needle board, towards the upper surface of the structure textile (after having passed through the stripper) which then reflects it towards the receiver.
- the transmitter distance / needling table being assumed known by a prior measure, the determination of the distance emitter / upper surface of the textile structure, by path analysis back and forth of the laser beam, then is enough to accurately assess the thickness of the textile structure supported by the needling table.
- this laser assembly is preferably of the wide beam type (because this model laser by allowing measurements over the entire length of the beam ensures an integration effect).
- the use of a set optical infrared measurement is quite feasible without however, be privileged.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the measuring means consist of a mechanical probe formed an internal piston 44 fixed to the frame 24 and on which can slide a outer sleeve 46 whose slightly rounded end is intended for come into direct contact with the textile structure (after having crossed the needle board and stripper).
- This sliding of the sleeve is provided by the controlled injection of a fluid, preferably compressed air, in the piston from a control module 48 fixed 24.
- the fluid pressure is adjusted according to the nature of the textile structure to needling (hardness, rebound reaction) and adjusted way to avoid rebound of the sleeve on this textile structure.
- the sleeve also has at its upper part a collar reflector 50 intended to cooperate with an optical assembly of measured as a laser transmitter or infrared receiver 52 also fixed on the frame.
- the transmitter directs its radiation towards the collar of the sleeve which then reflects it to the receiver.
- the distance transceiver when the tip of the probe is in contact with the needling table, being assumed to be known by a prior measure, the determination of the transmitter / receiver distance when this end is in contact with the upper surface of the textile structure (by analysis the return path of the beam radiated) is again sufficient to evaluate precisely the thickness of the textile structure supported by the table needling.
- the means of measure 36 are preferably arranged in a median plane of the head needling 14 perpendicular to a direction of advance of the structure textile (it is of course not forbidden to deviate significantly). They can be split, when this textile structure is presented under the form of two adjacent plates advancing parallel to each other under the needling head.
- the needling head may comprise two needle boards independent devices arranged side by side, the measuring means then being placed substantially in the center of each of these boards.
- this figure 3 shows the machine, in the frame of the previous alternative embodiment, in two positions distinct, one (left part of this figure 3) corresponding to a resting position, the needling head being in the raised position, and the other (right part) corresponding to a position of this head at a low point of maximum needle penetration.
- the determination of the lowest point of maximum penetration of needles is performed in real time by a sensor 54, for example from inductive or optical type, integral with the frame and cooperating for example with a determined cam profile 56 of the crank-rod assembly 20 of vertical reciprocating movement of the needling head.
- This cam profile allows you to define a period of time (and not only a moment of unique and instantaneous measurement) during the descent of the needle board, preferably in the vicinity of the low point, during which the measuring means 36 will be active and can make the acquisition of several measures from which will be determined, at level of a processing module 58 connected on the one hand to the sensor 54 and on the other hand to the measuring means 36, a first average value of the thickness of the needled layers.
- the needling process implemented in the machine of the invention can be summarized as follows. First, superimpose a second layer thickness on a first layer thickness placed on the needling table and bind by barbed needles of a needling head, and according to predetermined conditions, the thicknesses of the two layers thus superimposed, then relatively move the table needling with respect to the needling head of a displacement step determined function of the position of a top surface of the two superimposed layers measured at a low point of maximum penetration needles by appropriate measuring means, and finally superimpose a third layer thickness on the previous two and bind this third layer thickness on the previous two according to the same predetermined conditions. These steps will then be repeated for following layers until the desired thickness for the structure textile.
- the process used in the machines described above consists in placing on the table 10 first or even two layers superimposed which are then bound by needling by means of the board with needles 16 while being moved horizontally over the entire length of the textile structure by advance rollers 32, 34.
- the table then descended from a determined displacement step to be able to superimpose a third layer which is in turn needled with the two more and so on until you get the desired thickness.
- this determined displacement step is not fixed or subject to a predefined descent law, but it results from the actual penetration of the needles into the layers of the textile structure measured at the low point of penetration maximum needles to obtain the actual needling density desired for this textile structure, constant or progressive density in the thickness of the textile structure. So, we measure in the center of the needles the position of the upper surface of this textile structure to handle the no descent of the needling table, so that these needles penetrate into the textile structure of a given distance.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne la réalisation de structures textiles aiguilletées destinées à être utilisées dans la fabrication de pièces de protection utilisées aux températures élevées, de parties structurelles de moteurs - fusées ou bien encore de disques de freins à très hautes performances pour l'aviation ou les véhicules terrestres.The present invention relates to the production of structures needle-punched textiles for use in the manufacture of parts protection used at high temperatures, structural parts engines - rockets or very high-speed brake discs performance for aviation or land vehicles.
On sait que les disques de freins doivent supporter des efforts de freinage créateurs de forces de cisaillement particulièrement importantes. Ce phénomène est accentué dans les aéronefs du fait des contraintes importantes appliquées aux disques de freins.We know that brake discs have to withstand braking forces creating particularly shearing forces important. This phenomenon is accentuated in aircraft because of important constraints applied to brake discs.
Pour résister à ces forces de cisaillement génératrices d'un effet de délamination, les disques doivent être fabriqués de façon à minimiser les hétérogénéités de structure. En effet, un disque non uniforme comporte des zones locales de contrainte aux caractéristiques hétérogènes qui augmentent de façon considérable les risques de déchirement.To resist these shear forces generating a delamination effect, the discs must be manufactured in such a way as to minimize structural heterogeneities. Indeed, a non uniform has local areas of stress with characteristics heterogeneous substances which considerably increase the risks of tear.
Classiquement, les disques de freins sont élaborés à partir d'une structure textile de renfort, formée d'une pluralité de couches superposées et aiguilletées par un ensemble d'aiguilles à barbes pénétrant en direction z, c'est à dire transversalement par rapport aux couches. Après découpage, la structure textile est carbonisée, densifiée à l'aide d'un matériau formant une matrice puis est éventuellement soumise à un traitement thermique. Les couches sont superposées sur un support. Un mouvement de descente par pas est généralement imposé au support au fur et à mesure de la superposition et l'aiguilletage des différentes couches. Les caractéristiques mécanique du produit final ainsi obtenu dépendent fortement de la densité réelle d'aiguilletage retenue pour la structure textile de renfort. Par densité réelle d'aiguilletage, on entend une fonction du nombre de barbes d'aiguilles par cm3 vu par un volume élémentaire de la structure textile, ce qui inclut donc la densité d'aiguilletage par unité de surface, le taux de pénétration en z, le pas de déplacement en descente et les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des aiguilles.Conventionally, brake discs are developed from a reinforcing textile structure, formed of a plurality of layers superimposed and needled by a set of barbed needles penetrating in the z direction, ie transversally to the layers. After cutting, the textile structure is carbonized, densified to using a material forming a matrix and is eventually subject to to a heat treatment. The layers are superimposed on a support. A downward movement in steps is generally imposed on the support as the layering and needling of different layers. The mechanical characteristics of the final product thus obtained heavily dependent on the actual needling density selected for the reinforcement textile structure. By actual needling density, we mean a function of the number of barbs of needles per cm3 seen by a volume elementary structure of the textile structure, which includes density needling per unit area, the penetration rate in z, the step of downhill movement and the functional characteristics of needles.
Or, les procédés d'aiguilletage actuels permettent difficilement d'obtenir cette parfaite uniformité recherchée bien que certains d'entre eux apportent des résultats intéressants, notamment en agissant sur le pas de descente. On peut citer le brevet US 4 790 052 qui propose d'accroítre pour chaque couche superposée, la distance entre le support des couches et les aiguilles d'une distance égale à l'épaisseur d'une couche aiguilletée. On peut citer aussi le brevet EP 0 736 115 qui, pour assurer une épaisseur constante des différentes couches superposées, propose d'adopter un pas de déplacement du support de couches variable selon une loi de réduction prédéterminée.However, current needling processes make it difficult to to get that perfect uniformity sought although some of them they bring interesting results, in particular by acting on the no descent. We can mention US Pat. No. 4,790,052 which proposes to increase for each superimposed layer, the distance between the support layers and needles a distance equal to the thickness of a needled layer. We can also mention the patent EP 0 736 115 which, for ensure a constant thickness of the different superimposed layers, proposes to adopt a step of displacement of the support of variable layers according to a predetermined reduction law.
L'imperfection de ces procédés provient du fait que ce pas de déplacement en descente du support de couche est en général calculé préalablement de façon théorique, notamment en fonction du nombre de couches devant former la structure textile à obtenir, sans prendre en compte la profondeur de pénétration réelle des aiguilles. Or, la connaissance de ce paramètre est essentielle pour garantir une densité d'aiguilletage uniforme gage d'une parfaite uniformité de la structure textile finale. En outre, plus l'épaisseur de la structure textile est grande plus la connaissance de la profondeur de pénétration est imparfaite.The imperfection of these processes comes from the fact that this step downward movement of the layer support is usually calculated previously theoretically, in particular according to the number of layers to form the textile structure to be obtained without taking into the actual penetration depth of the needles. Now, the knowledge of this parameter is essential to guarantee a density Uniform needling guarantees a perfect uniformity of structure final textile. In addition, the greater the thickness of the textile structure is large the more the knowledge of the depth of penetration is imperfect.
La demande de brevet EP 0 695 823 a cherché à améliorer la connaissance de la profondeur de pénétration des aiguilles au moyen de rouleaux palpeurs mesurant la position de la surface supérieure de la structure textile entre les opérations d'aiguilletage et disposés latéralement par rapport à la zone de travail des aiguilles.The patent application EP 0 695 823 sought to improve the knowledge of the penetration depth of the needles by means of feeler rolls measuring the position of the upper surface of the textile structure between needling operations and arranged laterally to the working area of the needles.
Toutefois, une telle solution n'apparaít pas satisfaisante car, sous l'action des forces d'aiguilletage, il se produit un écrasement de la structure textile que la mesure effectuée ne permet pas de mettre en évidence. Cette absence de prise en compte de la déformation de la structure textile interdit en fait une connaissance exacte de la pénétration réelle des aiguilles. However, such a solution does not appear satisfactory because, under the action of the needling forces, there is a crushing of the textile structure that the measurement carried out does not make it possible to evidence. This failure to take into account the deformation of the textile structure forbids actually an exact knowledge of the penetration real needles.
La présente invention propose donc une machine d'aiguilletage et son procédé associé qui pallie cet inconvénient en permettant une mesure de la pénétration réelle des aiguilles dans la structure textile à aiguilleter prenant en compte sa déformation lors des opérations d'aiguilletage des différentes couches qui la composent.The present invention therefore proposes a needling machine and its associated method which overcomes this disadvantage by allowing a measurement of the actual penetration of the needles into the textile structure at needling taking into account its deformation during operations needling of the different layers that compose it.
Ce but est atteint par une machine d'aiguilletage d'une structure textile formée d'une pluralité de couches superposées comportant une table d'aiguilletage mobile verticalement, une tête d'aiguilletage comportant un nombre déterminé d'aiguilles à barbes et disposée à l'aplomb de ladite table d'aiguilletage, et des moyens d'entraínement de la tête d'aiguilletage pour lui conférer un mouvement alternatif vertical définissant un point bas de pénétration maximale des aiguilles dans ladite structure textile, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre des moyens de mesure, disposés au niveau de ladite tête d'aiguilletage, pour mesurer la position d'une surface supérieure de ladite structure textile audit point bas de pénétration maximale des aiguilles.This goal is achieved by a needling machine of a textile structure formed of a plurality of superposed layers comprising a vertically movable needling table, a head needling device having a determined number of barbed needles and disposed vertically above said needling table, and means drive the needling head to give it a movement vertical alternative defining a low point of maximum penetration of needles in said textile structure, characterized in that it comprises in addition measuring means arranged at said head needling device for measuring the position of an upper surface of said textile structure at said low point of maximum penetration of the needles.
Ainsi, avec cette intégration des moyens de mesure dans la planche à aiguilles permettant une prise en compte de l'écrasement de la structure textile sous l'effet des forces d'aiguilletage, il est possible de déterminer avec précision la profondeur de pénétration réelle des aiguilles.So with this integration of the measuring means in the needle board for taking into account the crushing of the textile structure under the effect of needling forces, it is possible to accurately determine the actual penetration depth of needles.
De préférence, ces moyens de mesure sont disposés dans un plan médian de ladite tête d'aiguilletage perpendiculaire à une direction d'avance de ladite structure textile.Preferably, these measuring means are arranged in a median plane of said needling head perpendicular to a direction in advance of said textile structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, ces moyens de mesure de la position de la surface supérieure de ladite structure textile comportent un ensemble optique de mesure sans contact. De préférence, il s'agit d'un émetteur/récepteur laser du type à faisceau large.According to a preferred embodiment, these means of measuring the position of the upper surface of said textile structure comprise an optical measuring assembly without contact. Preferably, it is a laser transmitter / receiver of the wide beam type.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, ces moyens de mesure peuvent comporter un palpeur mécanique de mesure par contact.According to an alternative embodiment, these measurement means may comprise a mechanical touch probe.
Avantageusement, il est prévu un capteur, de préférence de type inductif ou optique, pour déterminer ledit point bas de pénétration maximale des aiguilles et des moyens de traitement pour commander le déplacement vertical de ladite table d'aiguilletage en fonction de la mesure de la position de la surface supérieure de la structure textile effectuée audit point bas de pénétration maximale des aiguilles par lesdits moyens de mesure.Advantageously, a sensor is provided, preferably inductive or optical type, for determining said low point of penetration maximum needles and processing means to control the vertical displacement of said needling table according to the measuring the position of the upper surface of the textile structure performed at the said point of maximum penetration of the needles by the said measuring means.
L'invention concerne également le procédé mis en oeuvre dans la machine précitée ainsi que la structure textile obtenue par ce procédé. De préférence, la mesure de la position de la surface supérieure de la structure textile est effectuée en moyennant des mesures instantanées relevées en temps réel sur toute la longueur de la structure textile.The invention also relates to the method used in the aforementioned machine and the textile structure obtained by this method. Preferably, the measurement of the position of the upper surface of the textile structure is carried out by means of instantaneous measurements recorded in real time along the entire length of the textile structure.
Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront mieux de la description suivante, faite à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une machine pour l'aiguilletage de structures textiles conforme à l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un second mode de réalisation d'une machine pour l'aiguilletage de structures textiles conforme à l'invention, et
- la figure 3 est une vue de côté de la machine de la figure 2, sa partie droite étant représentée dans une position d'enfoncement maximal des aiguilles.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a machine for the needling of textile structures according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a machine for the needling of textile structures according to the invention, and
- Figure 3 is a side view of the machine of Figure 2, the right side being shown in a position of maximum depression of the needles.
Deux exemples de réalisation d'une machine permettant l'aiguilletage d'une structure textile plane sont représentés aux figures 1 et 2. Bien entendu, il doit être considéré que l'invention ne se limite pas à la seule fabrication de structures planes et que celle consistant à former une structure par enroulement d'une nappe fibreuse trouve aussi application avec la présente invention, qu'il s'agisse d'un enroulement annulaire d'une nappe ou tissu hélicoïdal en spires superposées à plat, ou d'un enroulement d'une nappe en spires superposées sur un mandrin.Two examples of realization of a machine allowing needling of a flat textile structure are shown in FIGS. 2. Of course, it must be considered that the invention is not limited to only the manufacture of flat structures and that of forming a structure by winding a fibrous web also finds application with the present invention, whether it is an annular winding of a tablecloth or helical fabric in coils superimposed flat, or a winding a sheet in turns superimposed on a mandrel.
La machine comporte classiquement une table 10 dite
d'aiguilletage destinée à supporter des couches 12 ou nappes de largeur
et longueur déterminées en fonction de la structure finale à réaliser, et qui
seront amenées l'une après l'autre pour être superposées en couches
successives. La table est placée à l'aplomb d'une tête d'aiguilletage 14
comportant, monté sur une planche à aiguilles 16, un nombre déterminé
d'aiguilles à barbes 18 de type connu, et qui peut être animée d'un
mouvement alternatif vertical par un ou plusieurs ensembles bielle-manivelle
20 motorisés par un moteur unique ou non. Un débourreur 22
fixé sur un bâti 24 de la machine est monté au dessus de la table
d'aiguilletage pour empêcher que la structure textile ne soit entraínée lors
de la remontée des aiguilles. Bien entendu, la table comme le débourreur
sont percés respectivement de trous 26, 28 pour le passage des aiguilles.
La table est mobile verticalement au moyen d'un dispositif d'entraínement
30 constitué par exemple d'une vis sans fin motorisée. Plusieurs séries de
rouleaux d'entraínement 32, 34 (appelés aussi presses d'entrée/sortie)
disposés en amont et en aval de la machine assurent un transport
horizontal de la structure textile vers la tête d'aiguilletage.The machine conventionally comprises a so-called table 10
needling for supporting
Selon l'invention, il est prévu des moyens 36 de mesure de la
position d'une surface supérieure de la structure textile disposés au
niveau de la tête d'aiguilletage 14 et destinés à déterminer la pénétration
réelle des aiguilles dans cette structure textile, à un point bas de
pénétration maximale des aiguilles. En effet, la course des aiguilles étant
constante par rapport au bâti auquel elles sont reliées et la table
d'aiguilletage étant positionnée à une distance connue par rapport à ce
bâti, il est aisé de montrer que la distance de pénétration des aiguilles
dans la matière textile dépend directement de l'épaisseur de matériau
existant entre la table d'aiguilletage et la surface supérieure mesurée.According to the invention, there are provided
A cet effet, les moyens de mesure 36 sont fixés sur le bâti 24 et
il est prévu que la planche à aiguilles 16 (et le débourreur 22) soit percée
d'un orifice 38 (respectivement un orifice de passage 40) pour permettre
une coopération de ces moyens de mesure avec la surface supérieure de
la structure textile.For this purpose, the
Selon le mode de réalisation envisagé, cette coopération peut s'effectuer sans contact (avec une mesure à distance de la position de la surface supérieure de la structure textile) ou avec contact (par la descente d'un palpeur mécanique sur la surface supérieure de la structure textile).Depending on the embodiment envisaged, this cooperation may be done without contact (with a distance measurement of the position of the upper surface of the textile structure) or with contact (by the descent a mechanical probe on the upper surface of the textile structure).
La figure 1 illustre un mode de réalisation préférentiel de
l'invention dans lequel ces moyens de mesure sans contact sont
constitués par un ensemble optique de mesure tel qu'un
émetteur/récepteur laser 42. L'émetteur dirige un faisceau laser, au
travers de la planche à aiguilles, vers la surface supérieure de la structure
textile (après avoir traversé le débourreur) qui le réfléchit alors vers le
récepteur. La distance émetteur/table d'aiguilletage étant supposée
connue par une mesure préalable, la détermination de la distance
émetteur/surface supérieure de la structure textile, par l'analyse du trajet
aller/retour du faisceau laser, suffit alors pour évaluer avec précision
l'épaisseur de la structure textile supportée par la table d'aiguilletage. En
outre, pour s'affranchir des défauts de reliefs de la structure textile, cet
ensemble laser est de préférence du type à faisceau large (car ce modèle
de laser en permettant des mesures sur toute la longueur du faisceau
assure un effet d'intégration). Bien entendu, le recours à un ensemble
optique de mesure à infrarouges est tout à fait envisageable sans
toutefois être privilégié.Figure 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of
the invention in which these contactless measuring means are
constituted by an optical measuring unit such as a
laser transmitter /
La figure 2 illustre un mode de réalisation alternatif dans lequel
les moyens de mesure sont constitués par un palpeur mécanique formé
d'un piston interne 44 fixé au bâti 24 et sur lequel peut coulisser un
manchon externe 46 dont l'extrémité légèrement arrondie est destinée à
venir en contact directement avec la structure textile (après avoir
traversée la planche à aiguilles et le débourreur). Ce coulissement du
manchon est assuré par l'injection commandée d'un fluide, de préférence
de l'air comprimé, dans le piston depuis un module de commande 48 fixé
sur le bâti 24. La pression du fluide est ajustée en fonction de la nature de
la structure textile à aiguilleter (dureté, réaction au rebond) et réglée de
façon à éviter tout rebond du manchon sur cette structure textile. Le
manchon comporte par ailleurs à sa partie supérieure une collerette
réfléchissante 50 destinée à coopérer avec un ensemble optique de
mesure comme un émetteur/récepteur laser ou à infrarouges 52 fixé aussi
sur le bâti. L'émetteur dirige son rayonnement vers la collerette du
manchon qui le réfléchit alors vers le récepteur. La distance
émetteur/récepteur, lorsque l'extrémité du palpeur est en contact de la
table d'aiguilletage, étant supposée connue par une mesure préalable, la
détermination de la distance émetteur/récepteur lorsque cette extrémité
est en contact de la surface supérieure de la structure textile (par l'analyse
du trajet aller/retour du faisceau rayonné) suffit là encore pour évaluer
avec précision l'épaisseur de la structure textile supportée par la table
d'aiguilletage. FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which
the measuring means consist of a mechanical probe formed
an
Dans les deux modes de réalisation précités, les moyens de
mesure 36 sont disposés de préférence dans un plan médian de la tête
d'aiguilletage 14 perpendiculaire à une direction d'avancée de la structure
textile (il n'est bien sûr pas interdit de s'en écarter sensiblement). Ils
peuvent être dédoublés, lorsque cette structure textile se présente sous la
forme de deux plaques adjacentes avançant parallèlement l'une à l'autre
sous la tête d'aiguilletage. Dans cette configuration illustrée à la figure 3,
la tête d'aiguilletage peut comporter deux planches à aiguilles
indépendantes disposées côte à côte, les moyens de mesure étant alors
placés sensiblement au centre de chacune de ces planches. Pour en
faciliter la compréhension, cette figure 3 montre la machine, dans le cadre
du mode de réalisation alternatif précédent, dans deux positions
distinctes, l'une (partie gauche de cette figure 3) correspondant à une
position de repos, la tête d'aiguilletage étant en position relevée, et l'autre
(partie droite) correspondant à une position de cette tête à un point bas de
pénétration maximale des aiguilles.In the two embodiments mentioned above, the means of
La détermination du point bas de pénétration maximale des
aiguilles est effectuée en temps réel par un capteur 54, par exemple de
type inductif ou optique, solidaire du bâti et coopérant par exemple avec
un profil de came déterminé 56 de l'ensemble bielle-manivelle 20 de
commande du mouvement alternatif vertical de la tête d'aiguilletage. Ce
profil de came permet de définir une période de temps (et non seulement
un instant de mesure unique et instantané) pendant la descente de la
planche à aiguilles, de préférence au voisinage du point bas, pendant
laquelle les moyens de mesure 36 seront actifs et pourront faire
l'acquisition de plusieurs mesures à partir desquelles sera déterminée, au
niveau d'un module de traitement 58 relié d'une part au capteur 54 et
d'autre part aux moyens de mesure 36, une première valeur moyenne de
l'épaisseur des couches aiguilletées. Ces mesures seront ensuite
réitérées pour chaque pas d'avance horizontal de la structure textile,
l'ensemble des valeurs obtenues à l'issue d'un passage donné permettant
une détermination de la pénétration réelle moyenne des aiguilles à partir
de laquelle le dispositif d'entraínement de la table d'aiguilletage 30 relié
aux moyens de traitement 58 pourra commander de façon automatique le
déplacement vertical de la table d'aiguilletage en vue du passage suivant,
le pas de descente de cette table étant géré de façon que les aiguilles
pénètrent d'une distance déterminée dans la structure textile.The determination of the lowest point of maximum penetration of
needles is performed in real time by a
Ainsi, le procédé d'aiguilletage mis en oeuvre dans la machine de l'invention peut se résumer comme suit. Tout d'abord, superposer une seconde épaisseur de couche sur une première épaisseur de couche posée sur la table d'aiguilletage et lier par des aiguilles à barbes d'une tête d'aiguilletage, et selon des conditions prédéterminées, les épaisseurs des deux couches ainsi superposées, puis déplacer relativement la table d'aiguilletage par rapport à la tête d'aiguilletage d'un pas de déplacement déterminé fonction de la position d'une surface supérieure des deux couches superposées mesurée à un point bas de pénétration maximale des aiguilles par des moyens de mesure appropriée, et enfin superposer une troisième épaisseur de couche sur les deux précédentes et lier cette troisième épaisseur de couche sur les deux précédentes selon les mêmes conditions prédéterminées. Ces étapes seront ensuite répétées pour les couches suivantes jusqu'à obtenir l'épaisseur désirée pour la structure textile.Thus, the needling process implemented in the machine of the invention can be summarized as follows. First, superimpose a second layer thickness on a first layer thickness placed on the needling table and bind by barbed needles of a needling head, and according to predetermined conditions, the thicknesses of the two layers thus superimposed, then relatively move the table needling with respect to the needling head of a displacement step determined function of the position of a top surface of the two superimposed layers measured at a low point of maximum penetration needles by appropriate measuring means, and finally superimpose a third layer thickness on the previous two and bind this third layer thickness on the previous two according to the same predetermined conditions. These steps will then be repeated for following layers until the desired thickness for the structure textile.
Le procédé mis en oeuvre dans les machines décrites ci-dessus
consiste à poser sur la table 10 tout d'abord une voire deux couches
superposées qui sont alors liées par aiguilletage au moyen de la planche
à aiguilles 16 tout en étant déplacées horizontalement sur toute la
longueur de la structure textile par des rouleaux d'avance 32, 34. La table
est ensuite descendue d'un pas de déplacement déterminé pour pouvoir
superposer une troisième couche qui est à son tour aiguilletée avec les
deux autres et ainsi de suite jusqu'à obtenir l'épaisseur désirée.The process used in the machines described above
consists in placing on the table 10 first or even two layers
superimposed which are then bound by needling by means of the board
with
Conformément à l'invention, ce pas de déplacement déterminé est non pas fixe ou soumis à une loi de descente prédéfinie, mais il résulte de la pénétration réelle des aiguilles dans les couches précédentes de la structure textile mesurée au point bas de pénétration maximale des aiguilles afin d'obtenir la densité d'aiguilletage réelle souhaitée pour cette structure textile, densité constante ou évolutive dans l'épaisseur de la structure textile. Ainsi, on mesure au centre des aiguilles la position de la surface supérieure de cette structure textile pour gérer le pas de descente de la table d'aiguilletage, de façon que ces aiguilles pénètrent dans la structure textile d'une distance déterminée.According to the invention, this determined displacement step is not fixed or subject to a predefined descent law, but it results from the actual penetration of the needles into the layers of the textile structure measured at the low point of penetration maximum needles to obtain the actual needling density desired for this textile structure, constant or progressive density in the thickness of the textile structure. So, we measure in the center of the needles the position of the upper surface of this textile structure to handle the no descent of the needling table, so that these needles penetrate into the textile structure of a given distance.
Claims (10)
- A machine for needling a textile structure made up of a plurality of superposed layers (12), the machine comprising a vertically movable needling table (10), a needling head (14) having a determined number of barbed needles (18) placed vertically above said needling table, and means for driving said needling head to impart vertical reciprocating motion thereto defining a low point of maximum needle penetration in said textile structure, the machine being characterised in that it further comprises measuring means (36) disposed in said needling head to measure the position of the top surface of said textile structure at the low point of maximum penetration of the needles.
- A machine according to claim 1, characterised in that said measuring means are disposed in a midplane of said needling head perpendicular to an advance direction of said textile structure.
- A machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that said means for measuring the position of the top surface of said textile structure comprise an optical a7ssembly (42) for performing contactless measurements.
- A machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that said optical assembly comprises a laser emitter/receiver.
- A machine according to claim 4, characterised in that said laser emitter/receiver is of the broad beam type.
- A machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that said means for measuring the position of the top surface of said textile structure comprise a mechanical feeler (44-52) for measuring by contact.
- A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it further comprises a sensor (54) preferably of the inductive or optical type, for determining said low point of maximum penetration of the needles.
- A machine according to claim 7, characterised in that it further comprises processor means (58) for controlling the vertical displacement of said needling table as a function of the position of the top surface of the textile structure as measured by said measuring means at the low point of maximum penetration of the needles.
- A method of making a textile structure made up of a plurality of superposed layers (12), the method comprising the following steps:a) superposing a second layer thickness on a first layer thickness placed on a needling table (10);b) using the barbed needles (18) of a needling head (14) to connect together, under predetermined conditions, the thicknesses of the two layers superposed in this way;c) displacing said needling table relative to said needling head through a displacement step of size determined as a function of the position of the top surface of the two superposed layers, said position being measured in the needling head at a low point of maximum penetration of the needles;d) superposing a new layer thickness on the preceding layer thicknesses;e) connecting said new layer thickness on the preceding layer thicknesses under said predetermined conditions; andf) repeating steps c), d), and e) for subsequent layer thicknesses, the displacement in step c) being determined as a function of the position of the top surface of the textile structure that is being built up and as measured in the needling head and at the low point of maximum penetration of the needles.
- A method according to claim 9, characterised in that said position of the top surface of the textile structure is measured by averaging instantaneous measurements taken in real time over the entire length of the textile structure.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0102869A FR2821632B1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2001-03-02 | NEEDLE MACHINE HAVING A PENETRATION MEASURING DEVICE |
FR0102869 | 2001-03-02 | ||
PCT/FR2002/000745 WO2002070807A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-01 | Needle-punching machine equipped with a penetration measuring device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1373623A1 EP1373623A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
EP1373623B1 true EP1373623B1 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
Family
ID=8860666
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02706913A Expired - Lifetime EP1373623B1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-01 | Needle-punching machine equipped with a penetration measuring device |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1373623B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4290990B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100835773B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1320191C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE297482T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0207550A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2439701C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60204554T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2242846T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2821632B1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0303368A3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL157423A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03007824A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2279499C2 (en) |
UA (1) | UA74423C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002070807A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2880635B1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2007-04-06 | Asselin Soc Par Actions Simpli | NEEDLE HEADER WITH ADJUSTABLE HEAD HEIGHT |
US20070014979A1 (en) | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-18 | Aspen Aerogels, Inc. | Secured Aerogel Composites and Methods of Manufacture Thereof |
WO2009019111A1 (en) * | 2007-08-04 | 2009-02-12 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for needling a fibrous web |
KR101014126B1 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2011-02-14 | 안태영 | Auto tension control system |
WO2012107486A1 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-16 | Hi Tech Textile Holding Gmbh | Method and device for strengthening a continuously fed material web |
CN104911823A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-16 | 宜兴市宜泰碳纤维织造有限公司 | Bidirectional feeding needle machine |
CN109898238A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-18 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of prefabricated body acupuncture of multi-head high-efficiency revolution pierces Forming Equipments |
CN115467095B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-09-22 | 江苏鑫峰科技材料有限公司 | Spraying equipment for processing non-woven fabrics |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1308999A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1973-03-07 | Bywater Ltd William | Needlelooms or needle punching machines |
GB1449641A (en) * | 1973-01-12 | 1976-09-15 | Wira & Mather | Method of and apparatus for producing a needled non-woven fabric film projectors |
US4790052A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1988-12-13 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Process for manufacturing homogeneously needled three-dimensional structures of fibrous material |
AT391676B (en) * | 1988-11-22 | 1990-11-12 | Fehrer Textilmasch | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR NEEDING A FLEECE TAPE ONTO A CONTINUOUS, ENDLESS CARRIAGE TRACK |
FR2669941B1 (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1993-03-19 | Europ Propulsion | INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING NEEDLE FIBROUS PREFORMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
US6029327A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 2000-02-29 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Process for forming fibrous structures with predetermined Z-fiber distributions |
AU7317096A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-05-15 | Jimtex Developments Limited | Needle reciprocation |
FR2741634B1 (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1998-04-17 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR THE REALIZATION OF FIBROUS PREFORMS INTENDED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ANNULAR PIECES IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
JP3100943B2 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2000-10-23 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | Needle machine control device |
-
2001
- 2001-03-02 FR FR0102869A patent/FR2821632B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-03-01 MX MXPA03007824A patent/MXPA03007824A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 KR KR1020037011077A patent/KR100835773B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 JP JP2002569506A patent/JP4290990B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 WO PCT/FR2002/000745 patent/WO2002070807A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 RU RU2003127060/12A patent/RU2279499C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 BR BR0207550-4A patent/BR0207550A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 DE DE60204554T patent/DE60204554T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 IL IL15742302A patent/IL157423A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 CA CA002439701A patent/CA2439701C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 UA UA2003098176A patent/UA74423C2/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 AT AT02706913T patent/ATE297482T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 HU HU0303368A patent/HUP0303368A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 CN CNB028056094A patent/CN1320191C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 EP EP02706913A patent/EP1373623B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-01 ES ES02706913T patent/ES2242846T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE297482T1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
CA2439701C (en) | 2008-08-26 |
BR0207550A (en) | 2004-09-14 |
JP4290990B2 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
KR100835773B1 (en) | 2008-06-09 |
CA2439701A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
MXPA03007824A (en) | 2004-11-12 |
JP2004526878A (en) | 2004-09-02 |
WO2002070807A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
DE60204554T2 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
IL157423A0 (en) | 2004-03-28 |
FR2821632B1 (en) | 2003-08-08 |
HUP0303368A3 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
ES2242846T3 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
KR20040025664A (en) | 2004-03-24 |
EP1373623A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
RU2003127060A (en) | 2005-02-27 |
WO2002070807A8 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
HUP0303368A2 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
CN1494617A (en) | 2004-05-05 |
DE60204554D1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
CN1320191C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
FR2821632A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
RU2279499C2 (en) | 2006-07-10 |
UA74423C2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
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