EP1373284A1 - Catalyseurs presentant une interaction donneur-accepteur - Google Patents

Catalyseurs presentant une interaction donneur-accepteur

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Publication number
EP1373284A1
EP1373284A1 EP02722217A EP02722217A EP1373284A1 EP 1373284 A1 EP1373284 A1 EP 1373284A1 EP 02722217 A EP02722217 A EP 02722217A EP 02722217 A EP02722217 A EP 02722217A EP 1373284 A1 EP1373284 A1 EP 1373284A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transition metal
metal compounds
mol
compounds according
mmol
Prior art date
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EP02722217A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Aleksander Ostoja-Starzewski
Bruce S. Xin
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Lanxess Deutschland GmbH
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Bayer AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F17/00—Metallocenes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compounds in which a transition metal is complexed with two ligand systems and the two systems are reversibly connected to one another by at least one bridge consisting of a donor and an acceptor, at least one substituent on the acceptor group being a fluorinated aryl radical, the use of these compounds as catalysts and a process for the polymerization of olefins.
  • the coordinative bond between the donor atom and the acceptor atom creates a positive (partial) charge in the donor group and a negative (partial) charge in the acceptor group:
  • the invention further relates to the use of these catalysts with a donor-acceptor interaction as polymerization catalysts.
  • EP-A 704461 An example of the numerous patents and applications in this field is EP-A 704461, in which the linking group mentioned therein contains a (substituted) methylene group or ethylene group, a silylene group, a substituted silylene group, a substituted one Germylene group or a substituted phosphine group.
  • the bridged metallocenes are also provided as polymerization catalysts for olefins in EP-A 704461.
  • Polymerization catalysts are known in principle.
  • WO-A-98/01455 describes compounds in which a transition metal is complexed with two ⁇ systems, in particular with aromatic ⁇ systems (metallocenes), and the two systems by at least one bridge from one
  • Donor and an acceptor are reversibly connected to one another, the donor or acceptor atoms being bound as substituents on the ⁇ systems, and their use as polymerization catalysts.
  • WO-A-98/45339 describes compounds in which a transition metal with two ⁇ -
  • Systems in particular complexed with aromatic ⁇ systems (metallocenes) and the two systems are reversibly connected to one another by at least one bridge consisting of a donor and an acceptor, at least one of the donor and acceptor atoms being part of the respective ⁇ system is, and their use as polymerization catalysts.
  • Patent applications WO-A-98/01483 to WO-A-98/01487 describe technical polymerization processes using the described catalysts with donor-acceptor interaction.
  • the invention thus relates to transition metal compounds with two ⁇ systems and at least one donor-acceptor interaction between these ⁇ systems, characterized in that these transition metal compounds have at least one fluorine-substituted aryl group on at least one acceptor atom.
  • ⁇ systems according to the invention are substituted and unsubstituted ethylene, allyl, pentadienyl, benzyl, butadiene, benzene, the cyclopentadienyl anion and the species resulting from the replacement of at least one C atom by a heteroatom.
  • the cyclic ones are preferred.
  • the type of coordination of such ligands ( ⁇ systems) to the metal can be of the ⁇ type or of the ⁇ type.
  • transition metal compounds described in the applications WO-A-98/01455, WO-A-98/45339, WO-A-98/01483 to WO-A-98/01487 are also suitable as transition metal compounds with at least one donor-acceptor interaction Donor-acceptor interaction, characterized in that these transition metal compounds have fluorine-substituted aryl groups on the acceptor group.
  • Metallocene compounds of the formula are particularly suitable
  • Cpl and Cpll represent two identical or different carbanions with a cyclopentadienyl-containing structure, in which one to all H atoms by identical or different radicals from the group of linear or branched C 1 -C 20 alkyl, the 1-fold to complete can be substituted by halogen, 1-3 times by phenyl and 1-3 times by vinyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl, haloaryl having 6 to 12 C atoms, organometallic substituents such as silyl, trimethylsilyl, ferrocenyl and 1- or Can be substituted twice by D and A.
  • D represents a donor atom which can additionally carry substituents and which has at least one fine electron pair in its respective bond state
  • A denotes an acceptor atom which bears at least one fluorine-substituted aryl group, but preferably exclusively fluorine-substituted aryl groups, and which has an electron pair gap in its respective bond state,
  • D and A are linked by a reversible coordinative bond in such a way that the donor group assumes a positive (partial) charge and the acceptor group a negative (partial) charge
  • n means the number zero, one, two, three or four depending on the charge of M.
  • the first and second carbanions Cpl and Cpll with a cyclopentadienyl skeleton can be the same or different.
  • the cyclopentadienyl skeleton can be, for example, one from the group of cyclopentadiene, substituted cyclopentadiene, indene, substituted indene, fluorene and substituted fluorene, with fluorene and substituted fluorene being particularly preferred.
  • Substituents 1 to 4 per cyclopentadiene or fused benzene ring may be mentioned.
  • substituents can be C 1 -C 2 o-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or iso-butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, C 1 -C 2 o-alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy or isobutoxy, hexoxy, octyloxy,
  • TMS
  • Fused aromatic rings can also be partially or fully hydrogenated, so that only the double bond remains, in which both the fused ring and the cyclopentadiene ring have a share.
  • benzene rings as in indene or fluorene, can contain one or two further fused benzene rings.
  • the cyclopentadiene or cyclopentadienyl ring and a fused-on benzene ring can together contain a further fused benzene ring.
  • Such cyclopentadiene skeletons are excellent ligands for transition metals in the form of their anions, each cyclopentadienyl carbanion of the optionally substituted form mentioned compensating for a positive charge of the central metal in the complex.
  • carbanions are: cyclopentadienyl, methyl-cyclopentadienyl, 1,2-dimethyl-cyclopentadienyl, 1,3-dimethyl-cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, phenylindenyl, 1,2-diethyl-cyclopentadienyl, tetramethyl-cyclopentadienyl, ethyl-cyclopentadienyl, n-butyl-cyclopentadienyl, n-octyl-cyclopentadienyl, ß-phenyl-propyl-cyclopentadienyl, tetrahydroindenyl, propyl-cyclopentadienyl, t-butyl-cyclopentadienyl, benzyl-cyclopentadienyl, diphenylmethyl-cyclopentadienyl, trimethylopentadienyl, tri
  • the index n takes the value zero, one, two, three or four, preferably zero, one or two.
  • Groups 3-7 can namely, depending on their affiliation to the subgroups, assume valences / charges of two to six, preferably two to four, of which two are compensated for by the carbanions of the metallocene compound.
  • Metallocene compounds of the formula (II) are also particularly suitable.
  • ⁇ l and ⁇ ll represent differently charged or electrically neutral ⁇ systems which are mono- or di-fold with unsaturated or saturated five- or
  • D denotes a donor atom which is a substituent of ⁇ l or part of the ⁇ system of ⁇ l and which has at least one lone pair of electrons in its respective bond state
  • A denotes an acceptor atom which is a substituent of ⁇ ll or part of the ⁇ system of ⁇ ll and which has an electron pair gap in its respective bond state
  • D and A are linked by a reversible coordinative bond in such a way that the donor group takes on a positive (partial) charge and the acceptor group takes on a negative (partial) charge and at least one of D and A is part of the respective ⁇ system,
  • D in turn can carry substituents
  • A carries at least one fluorine-substituted aryl group, but preferably only fluorine-substituted aryl groups, as substituents, wherein each ⁇ system or each fused ring system can contain one or more D or A or D and A and
  • M represents a metal from groups 3-7 of the Periodic Table of the Elements according to IUPAC (1985) including the lanthanides and actinides,
  • X represents an anion equivalent
  • ⁇ systems according to the invention are substituted and unsubstituted ethylene, allyl, pentadienyl, benzyl, butadiene, benzene, the cyclopentadienyl anion and the species resulting from replacement of at least one C atom by a heteroatom.
  • the cyclic ones are preferred.
  • the type of coordination of such ligands ( ⁇ systems) to the metal can be of the ⁇ type or of the ⁇ type.
  • Sandwich structures in which the two ⁇ systems are selected from cyclopentadienyl (cp), indenyl (ind) and fluorenyl (flu) are particularly preferred, in particular:
  • the index n takes the value zero, one, two, three or four, preferably zero, one or two.
  • valences / charges of two to six, preferably two to four, of which two are compensated for by the carbanions of the metallocene compound. Accordingly, in the case of La the index n takes the value one and in the case of Zr 4+ the value two; with Sm 2+ n zero.
  • a positive charge of the transition metal M is compensated for by a cyclopentadienyl-containing carbanion. Any remaining positive charges on the central atom M are saturated by further, mostly monovalent anions X, of which two identical or different anions can also be linked to one another (dianions xx), for example monovalent or divalent negative residues from the same or different, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons, amines, phosphines, thio alcohols, alcohols or phenols. Simple anions such as CR 3 " , NR 2 " , PR 2 " , OR “ , SR " etc.
  • bridge atoms can be connected by saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon or silane bridges, whereby dianions are formed and the number of bridge atoms 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 may be preferred are 0 to 4 bridge atoms, particularly preferably 1 or 2 bridge atoms.
  • the bridge atoms can also carry further KW substituents R.
  • Examples of X are: hydride, chloride, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, fluoride,
  • Propylidene the ethylene glycol dianion.
  • dianions are 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadienediyl, 3-methyl-l, 3-pentadienediyl, l, 4-dibenzyl-l, 3-butadienediyl, 2,4-hexadienediyl, 1,3- Pentadienediyl, 1,4-ditolyl-1,3-butadienediyl, 1,4-bis (trimethylsilyl) -1,3-butadienediyl, 1,3-butadienediyl.
  • 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadienediyl, 1,3-pentadienediyl, 1,4-dibenzyl-1,3-butadienediyl, 2,4-hexadienediyl, 3- are particularly preferred.
  • dianions are those with heteroatoms, such as the
  • the compounds of the general formula (III) can be prepared in accordance with WO-A-98/45339.
  • a in formulas (I) and (II) further donor-acceptor bonds can be formed if additional D and / or A as substituents of the respective cyclo- pentadiene systems are available. All donor-acceptor bonds are characterized by their reversibility shown above. In the case of several D or A, they can assume different positions.
  • the invention accordingly encompasses both the bridged molecular states and the unbridged states.
  • the number of D groups can be the same or different from the number of A-
  • the ligands in particular Cpl and Cpll, are preferably linked via only one donor-acceptor bridge.
  • covalent bridges can also be present in the formulas (I) and (II). In this case, the D / A bridges reinforce the
  • Suitable donor groups in formulas (I) and (II) are, in particular, those in which the donor atom D is an element from groups 15, 16 or 17 of the periodic table of the elements and has at least one lone pair of electrons and where the donor atom is in the Case of elements of the 15th group is in a bonded state with substituents and can be in the case of elements of the 16th group; Donor atoms of the 17th group have no substituents.
  • acceptor groups in formulas 0) and S) are, in particular, those whose acceptor atom A is an element from the 13th group of the Periodic Table of the Elements (according to IUPAC 1985), such as boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium, is in a bonded state with substituents and has an electron gap.
  • D and A are linked by a coordinative bond, which is also referred to as a dative bond, where D assumes a positive (partial) charge and A a negative (partial) charge.
  • the donor atom D and the donor group means the unit consisting of the donor atom D, the substituents which may be present and the electron pairs present; accordingly, the acceptor group means the unit consisting of the acceptor atom A, the substituents and the electron gap present.
  • Donor groups are those in which the lone pair of electrons is located at N, P, As, Sb, Bi, O, S, Se, Te, F, CI, Br, I; N, P, O, S are preferred thereof
  • Donor groups may be mentioned: (CH 3 ) 2 N-, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 N-, (C 3 H 7 ) 2 N-, (C + ft ⁇ N-, (C 6 H 5 ) 2 N-, (CH 3 ) 2 P-, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 P-, (C 3 H 7 ) 2 P-, (iC 3 H 7 ) 2 P-, (G, H 9 ) 2 P-, (tC H 9 ) 2 P-, (cyclohexyl) 2 P-, (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P-, (CH 3 ) (C 6 H 5 ) P-, (CH 3 O) 2 P-, (C 2 H 5 O) 2 P-, (C 6 H 5 O) 2 P-, (CH 3 -C 6 H 4 O) 2 P-, ((CH 3 ) 2 N) 2 P-, methyl-containing phosphino groups, CH 3 O-, CH 3 S-, C 6 H 5 S-, -C (
  • Acceptor groups are those in which there is an electron pair gap at B, Al, Ga, In or TI, preferably B, Al or Ga; Examples include: (C 6 F 5 ) 2 B-, (C 6 F 5 ) (alkyl) B-, (C 6 F 5 ) HB-, (C 6 F 5 ) (C 6 H 5 ) B-, (CH 3 ) (C 6 F 5 ) B-, (VinylXC ⁇ B-, (Benzyl) (C 6 F 5 ) B-, C1 (C 6 F 5 ) B-, (CH 3 O) (C 6 F 5 ) B-, C1 (C 6 F 5 ) A1-, (alkyl) (C 6 F 5 ) Al-, (C 6 H 5 ) (C 6 F 5 ) A1-, (C 6 F 5 ) 2 A1 -, (C 6 F 5 ) 2 Ga, (C 6 F 5 ) (alkyl) Ga.
  • Substituents on the donor atoms N, P, As, Sb, Bi, O, S, Se and Te and on the acceptor atoms B, AI, Ga, In and TI are, for example: -C 1 -C 2 (cyclo) alkyl, such as methyl , Ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, i-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, the isomeric heptyls, octyls,
  • Preferred substituents are: -C 6 -alkyl, Cs-C ⁇ - cycloalkyl, phenyl, tolyl, -CC 6 alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 aryloxy, vinyl, allyl, benzyl, perfluorophenyl, F, CI, Br , Di- (C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) -amino, diphenylamino, but where the acceptor atom carries at least one fluorinated aryl substituent, preferably two fluorinated aryl substituents. All of the substituents on the acceptor group are preferably fluorine-substituted aryl groups.
  • Fluorinated here means partially or completely fluorinated, with completely fluorinated being preferred.
  • the acceptor group preferably contains an element of the 13th group of the PSE according to IUPAC 1985.
  • Aryl is understood to mean all mononuclear or polynuclear aryl radicals known to those skilled in the art, preferably having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, which in turn can be substituted, although they have at least one, preferably exclusively, fluorine substituent , Fluorinated phenyl groups are particularly preferred, very particularly perfluorinated ones
  • Phenyl groups are preferably selected independently of one another from the group hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or iso -Butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, C 1 -C 2 o-alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy or isobutoxy, hexoxy, octyloxy, decyloxy, dodecyloxy , Hexadecyloxy, octadecyloxy, eicosyloxy, halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, C 6 -C 12 aryl,
  • Donor and acceptor groups which contain chiral centers or in which 2 substituents form a ring with the D or A atom are also suitable.
  • the invention further relates to the use of the transition metal compounds described with donor-acceptor interaction, characterized in that these transition metal compounds have a fluorine-substituted aryl group on at least one acceptor group, in a ner process for the homo- or copolymerization of one or more olefins, i-olefins, alkynes or Diolefins as
  • these transition metal compounds with donor-acceptor interaction being used in an amount in the range from 10 1 to 10 12 mol of all monomers per mol of transition metal compound and also in the presence of cocatalysts, such as Lewis acids, Brönstedt acids or Pearson acids or can additionally be carried out in the presence of Lewis bases.
  • cocatalysts such as Lewis acids, Brönstedt acids or Pearson acids or can additionally be carried out in the presence of Lewis bases.
  • Lewis acids are, for example, boranes or alanes, such as aluminum alkyls, aluminum halides, aluminum alcoholates, bororganyls, boron halides, boric acid esters or boron or aluminum compounds which contain halide as well as alkyl or aryl or alcoholate substituents, and Mixtures of these or that
  • Triphenyh ethyl cation Triphenyh ethyl cation.
  • Aluminoxanes or mixtures of aluminum-containing Lewis acids with water are particularly preferred.
  • all acids act as ionizing agents that form a metallocenium cation that is charge-compensated by a bulky, poorly coordinating anion.
  • the invention further relates to the reaction products of such ionizing agents with compounds of the general formula (I) or (TI) according to the invention. They can be described by the general formulas (HI) or (TV)
  • transition metal compounds of the general formula (I), (II), (DI) or (IN) according to the invention can be present in either monomeric, dimeric or oligomeric form.
  • sulfonates such as tosylate or triflate, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates or
  • ⁇ -antimonates perchlorates, and voluminous cluster molecular anions of the carborane type, for example CB 9 H. 2 ⁇ or CBuH ⁇ , and substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl and fluorenyl anions.
  • Possible substituents are those which have also been described for Cpl and Cpll. If such anions are present, ⁇ -complex compounds can act as highly effective polymerization catalysts even in the absence of aluminoxane. This is especially the case when an X ligand represents an alkyl group or benzyl.
  • ⁇ complexes with voluminous anions in combination with aluminum alkylene, such as (CH 3 ) 3 A1, (C 2 H 5 ) 3 A1, (n- / i-propyl) 3 AI, (n- / t-Butyl) 3 Al, (i-butyl) 3 Al, the isomeric pentyl, hexyl or octyl aluminum alkyls, or lithium alkyls, such as methyl-Li, benzyl-Li, butyl-Li or the corresponding Mg-organic compounds , such as Grignard compounds or Zn organyls.
  • aluminum alkylene such as (CH 3 ) 3 A1, (C 2 H 5 ) 3 A1, (n- / i-propyl) 3 AI, (n- / t-Butyl) 3 Al, (i-butyl) 3 Al, the isomeric pentyl, hexyl or octyl aluminum alkyls,
  • Such metal alkyls transfer alkyl groups to the central metal, on the one hand, and on the other hand, they trap water or catalyst poisons from the reaction medium or monomer in polymerization reactions.
  • Examples of aluminum or boron compounds from which such anions can be derived are:
  • N N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl) borate
  • N N-Diemylamlmium-tefrakis (2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl) borate
  • Dialkylammonium salts such as:
  • Tri-substituted phosphonium salts such as:
  • Triphenylphosphonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate Triphenylphosphonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate
  • Tri (o-tolyl) phosphonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate Tri (o-tolyl) phosphonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate
  • Triphenylmethyl-tetraphenylborate (trityl-tetra ⁇ henylborate),
  • transition metal compounds or metallocene compounds according to the invention can be used in isolation as pure substances for (co) polymerization. However, it is also possible to generate and use them "in situ" in the (co) polymerization reactor in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
  • cocatalysts are, for example, aluminoxane compounds. These include those of the formula (V)
  • R represents C 1 -C 2 o-alkyl, C 6 -C 2 aryl or benzyl and n is a number from 2 to 50, preferably 10 to 35.
  • aluminoxanes or a mixture of their precursors (aluminum alkyls or alkyl aluminum halides) in combination with water (in gaseous, liquid, solid or bound form, for example as water of crystallization).
  • the water can also be supplied as the (residual) moisture of the polymerization medium, the monomer or a carrier such as silica gel or aluminosilicate.
  • bonds protruding from the square brackets of formula (V) contain R groups or A1R groups as end groups of the oligomeric aluminoxane.
  • Such aluminoxanes are generally present as a mixture of several of them with different chain lengths.
  • the fine examination has also revealed aluminoxanes with an annular or cage-like structure.
  • Aluminoxanes are commercially available
  • the transition metal compound / compounds and / or the cocatalyst / the cocatalysts can be used both as such in homogeneous form and individually or together in heterogeneous form on supports.
  • the carrier material can be inorganic or organic in nature, such as silica gel, B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , MgCl 2 , cellulose derivatives, starch and polymers or else layered silicates, such as montmorrillonite.
  • Carrier materials are preferably thermally and / or chemically pretreated in order to adjust the water content or the OH group concentration in a defined manner or to keep it as low as possible.
  • Chemical pretreatment can consist, for example, of reacting the support with aluminum alkyl.
  • Inorganic carriers are often heated to 100 ° C to 1000 ° C for 1 to 100 hours before use.
  • the surface of such inorganic supports, in particular of silica (SiO 2 ) is between 10 and 1000 m 2 / g, preferably between 100 and 800 m 2 / g.
  • the particle diameter is between 0.1 and 500 micrometers ( ⁇ ), preferably between 10 and 200 ⁇ .
  • Olefins, i-olefins, cycloolefins, alkynes and diolefins to be reacted by homo- or copolymerization are, for example, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, i-butene, pentene-
  • a cyclizing polymerization can furthermore be carried out, in which poly- (methylene-1,3-cyclopentane) is formed, for example, from 1,5-hexadiene:
  • ⁇ , ⁇ -diolefms can also be used to generate long chain branches.
  • olefins and diolefins can also be substituted, for example with
  • Compounds of this type are, for example, styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, fluorostyrene, indene, 4-vinyl-biphenyl, vinyl-fluorene, vinyl-anthracene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, vinylsilane, trimethylallylsilane, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, isobutylene, vinylcarbrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone Acrylonitrile
  • Vinyl ethers and vinyl esters or vinyl norbornene are examples of vinyl ethers and vinyl esters or vinyl norbornene.
  • ring-opening polyadditions for example of lactones, such as ⁇ -caprolactone or ⁇ -valerolactone, of lactams, such as ⁇ -caprolactam or of Epoxides such as ethylene oxide or propytenoxide or from other cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran possible.
  • Cycloolefins which can be used are described in the applications WO-98/01483 and WO-98/01484.
  • Preferred monomers are: ethylene, propylene, butene, hexene, octene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-octadiene, cycloolefins, methyl methacrylate, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and acetylene. It is possible to carry out the (co) polymerizations mentioned in the presence of hydrogen, for example to adjust the molecular weight.
  • the homo- or copolymerizations or polyadditions to be carried out with the optionally supported transition metal compounds with a donor-acceptor interaction are carried out adiabatically or isothermally in the range of the temperatures and pressures indicated.
  • These are high-pressure processes in autoclaves or tubular reactors, solution processes and bulk polymerization, processes in the slurry phase in stirred reactors or loop reactors and processes in the gas phase, the pressures for the slurry, solution and and gas phase do not exceed 100 bar.
  • Such polymerizations can also be carried out in the presence of hydrogen. All of these methods have been known for a long time and are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the optionally supported, transition metal compounds according to the invention with a donor-acceptor interaction enable a defined opening of the two cyclopentadienyl skeletons or the two through the donor-acceptor bridge
  • Ligands in the manner of a beak where, in addition to high activity, high stereoselectivity, controlled molecular weight distribution and uniform incorporation of comonomers are possible.
  • As a result of a defined beak-like opening there is also space for voluminous comonomers.
  • a high uniformity in the molecular weight distribution results from the uniform and Defined location of the polymerization (insertion) (single site catalyst).
  • the D / A structure can bring about an extra stabilization of the catalysts up to high temperatures, so that the catalysts also in the high temperature range of
  • thermal dissociation of the donor-acceptor bond is reversible and leads to particularly high-quality catalyst properties due to this self-assembly process and self-repair mechanism.
  • Thermal dissociation enables e.g. a targeted broadening of the molecular weight distribution, which makes the polymers easier to process. This effect comes e.g. also applicable to those catalysts in which the ligands, e.g. Cpl and Cpll, each linked by a covalent and a D / A bridge.
  • the D / A metallocene structures according to the invention enable e.g. a level of defect-free polyethylene formation not achieved with classic catalysts.
  • the ethene polymers can have extraordinarily high melting temperatures, for example above 135 ° C. to 160 ° C. (maximum of the DSC curve).
  • Such high-melting polyethylenes given the known, for example, improved mechanical properties and heat resistance (sterilizability in medical applications) and thereby open up application possibilities which previously were not possible for polyethylene and, for example, were previously only achievable with highly tactical polypropylene.
  • Other features include high melting enthalpies and high PE mastic masses.
  • the catalysts according to the invention enable the polyethylene chains to grow to extremely high molecular weights without problems.
  • the PE molar mass is reduced by increasing the polymerization temperature, but without any appreciable reduction in activity and without leaving the area of technically interesting high PE molar masses and high PE melting temperatures. It was also observed that transition metal compounds according to the invention with a donor-acceptor interaction of suitable symmetry on suitable monomers bring about a regiospecific (isotactic, syndiotactic) polymerization, but trigger an increasingly unspecific (atactic) linkage of the monomer units on the same monomer in the upper part of the temperature range mentioned.
  • Another valuable property of the supported catalysts according to the invention with a donor-acceptor interaction is the possibility of self-activation and thus the elimination of expensive cocatalysts.
  • the acceptor atom A binds one in the opened form of the D / A metallocene compound.
  • X ligands form a zwitterionic structure and thus generate a positive charge on the transition metal, while the acceptor atom A generates a negative one Takes charge.
  • Such self-activation can take place intramolecularly or intermolecularly. This is illustrated by the example of linking two X ligands to form a chelate ligand, namely the butadiene diyl derivative:
  • the binding site between the transition metal M and H or substituted or unsubstituted C, for example the still bonded C of the butadiene diyl dianion shown in the formula example, is then the place for the olefin insertion for the polymerization.
  • the optionally supported, transition metal compounds with a donor-acceptor interaction are suitable for the production of both thermoplastic and elastomeric polymers by the various production processes mentioned above, both highly crystalline polymers with an optimized melting range and amorphous polymers with an optimized glass transition temperature being accessible.
  • both highly crystalline polymers with an optimized melting range and amorphous polymers with an optimized glass transition temperature being accessible.
  • the polymers that can be produced in this way with a low glass transition temperature below 0 ° C and a high melting temperature> 100 ° C in the same material.
  • the polymers that can be produced are particularly suitable for the production of all types of molded articles, in particular foils, tubes also for medical purposes, profiles, disks, optical data storage media, cable sheathing and extrudates, for surgical implants, ski tread materials, impact modifiers for thermoplastics, for example for Bumpers on the car etc.
  • a two-necked round-bottom flask equipped with Mg chips (4.54 g, 187 mmol) and a stirrer equipped with a cooler and dropping funnel with pressure equalization was thoroughly dried under vacuum and heating. Then 200 ml of freshly distilled sodium-dried diethyl ether and an iodine crystal were introduced into the flask via a cannula. Bromopentafluorobenzene (dried over CaH 2 and freshly distilled, 46.12 g, 187 mmol) was introduced into the dropping funnel via a cannula and then added to the Mg suspension so slowly that the batch remained under gentle reflux during the addition. The mixture was refluxed for four hours and cooled to 0 ° C.
  • the Schlenk tube was then heated with a 105 ° C oil bath for 30 hours. Some crystals can condense in the upper part of the tube. The mixture was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature overnight, a large amount of Me 2 SnCl 2 crystals precipitating out of the solution. The supernatant was cannulated into another thoroughly dried flask, after which the crystals were washed with hexane (20 ml X 2), which was combined with the supernatant. By drying the crystals, pure Me 2 SnCl 2 was recovered to more than 90%.
  • the crude product was distilled under vacuum (> 80 ° C / 3.5 x 10 " mbar), which is a light yellow oil
  • a suspension of lithium trimethylsilylcyclopentadienide, Li (C 5 H) SiMe 3 , (5.79 g, 40.15 mmol) in 100 ml of hexane was cannulated with a solution of chlorodiphenylphosphine, C1P at -70 ° C. within 15 min (C 6 H 5 ) 2 , (8.8 g, 40.15 mmol) in 50 ml of hexane.
  • the mixture was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature overnight.
  • the orange suspension was over a
  • Frit # 3 filtered and the solid washed with CH 2 C1 2 (30 ml x 2). After the volatile components had been stripped off from the filtrate under reduced pressure, a dark brown, thick oily residue remained which was distilled under high vacuum (200 ° C./3.3 ⁇ 10 -3 mbar), giving a yellow viscous liquid (11.62 g, 90 The distilled product was kept under vacuum for 2 hours at room temperature to remove residual traces of chlorodiphenylphosphine, and H and 31 P NMR spectra show a complicated mixture of isomers.
  • the yellow suspension was filtered through Celite and freed from volatiles under reduced pressure, leaving 2.28 g (98%) of a pale yellow oil which, according to 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy, was diethyl phosphino-2-methyl-4-phenylinden traded.
  • the product obtained above (2.28 g, 7.75 mmol) was diluted in 35 ml dry pentane and cooled to -70 ° C.
  • Diethylphosphino-2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl-lithium (6.62 mmol) was suspended in 30 ml of hexane and cooled to -70 ° C. and then with a solution of chlorotrimethyltin, ClSnMe 3 , (1.32 g, 6, 62 mmol) in 15 ml of hexane. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for a further 3 hours. The suspension was then filtered through Celite and volatile components were removed under reduced pressure. The viscous oil was evacuated for a further 15 minutes. This gave 2.72 g (90%) of a yellowish brown oil, which was the title compound, Me 3 Sn-2-Me-Et 2 P-4-Ph- (C 9 H 4 ).
  • reaction mixture was filtered through a cannula and the solid was washed with pentane (2 x 5 ml) and dried under vacuum, leaving an orange solid which was 1 - H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Diethylphosphinofluorenyllithium traded.
  • the slightly cloudy solution obtained was cooled to room temperature and filtered through Celite.
  • the off-white crystalline solid remaining after stripping volatiles from the clear and colorless filtrate under reduced pressure was washed with hexane (2 x 20 ml) and dried under vacuum to give 3.77 g (78.5%) of a white solid.
  • the product, which was essentially pure according to NMR, was redissolved in as little toluene as possible and hexane was added to the clear solution until it became cloudy and the mixture was cooled to -35 ° C. for a few weeks.
  • a microcrystalline powder slowly separated from the container wall. The supernatant was decanted off and the product dried under vacuum.
  • the product was pure by NMR spectroscopy.
  • the unit cell contains four molecules in different conformations, all of which are PB-bridged.
  • d (PB) 2.05 - 2.11 angstroms.
  • n B (128.4 MHz, CD 2 C1 2 ): ⁇ -7.9.
  • the cloudy yellow mixture obtained was stirred under argon at room temperature for 16 hours.
  • the slightly cloudy solution was filtered through Celite and freed from volatiles under reduced pressure, leaving a yellow solid which was taken up in 20 ml of hexane and stirred for 20 minutes.
  • the yellow solid was taken up in 20 ml of hexane and stirred for 30 minutes. The suspension was filtered and the solid washed with pentane (2 x 10 ml) and dried under vacuum to yield 0.837 g (85%) of yellow powdery product. The product is pure by NMR spectroscopy.
  • the slightly cloudy solution was heated with a 60 ° C. oil bath with stirring for 6 hours. A large amount of a yellow solid was formed.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the supernatant was filtered through a cannula into another Schlenk tube.
  • the solid was washed with toluene (3 x 5 ml) and hexane (2 x 5 ml) Washed, after which the washing solutions were combined with the filtrate.
  • the remaining solid was dried under vacuum to give 0.71 g (50.8%) of a light yellow microcrystalline solid.
  • Vacuum drying cabinet dried at 80 ° C.
  • Catalyst activity 148 tons PE per mol Zr and hour
  • the polyethylene formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/1, filtered, washed with ethanol and dried to constant weight in a vacuum drying cabinet at 80 ° C.
  • Catalyst activity 58 tons PE per mol Zr and hour
  • High temperature GPC / Niscosimetry coupling The polymer is long-chain branched.
  • a dry, oxygen-free 300 ml V4A steel autoclave was charged with 100 n dry toluene, which had been distilled under an inert gas, and the catalyst was added at 60 ° C. using an injection syringe.
  • the catalyst used was 1x10 " mc [(flu) Et 2 PB (C 6 F 5 ) 2 (cp) ZrCl 2 ] (compound no. 31) in 0.66 ml of a 10% toluene MAO solution (1 mmol).
  • the polymerization was set at a constant 10 bar with ethene and the polymerization was carried out in the temperature range from 60 ° -66 ° C. and was stopped after 30 minutes, and the polyethene formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, washed with ethanol and brought to constant weight in Vacuum drying cabinet dried at 80 ° C.
  • Catalyst activity 52 tons of PE per mole of Zr and hour
  • High temperature GPC / Niscosimetry coupling The polymer is branched long chain.
  • Catalyst activity 28.8 tons of PP per mole of Zr and hour.
  • Catalyst activity 9.2 tons of PP per mole of Zr per hour
  • Catalyst activity 16.6 tons of PP per mole of Zr per hour
  • High temperature GPC / viscometry coupling The polymer is branched by long chains
  • the polymer formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, with
  • the polymer formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, washed with ethanol and added to constant weight in a vacuum drying cabinet
  • the polymer formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, washed with ethanol and added to constant weight in a vacuum drying cabinet
  • the polymer formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, washed with ethanol and added to constant weight in a vacuum drying cabinet
  • High temperature GPC / viscometry coupling The polymer is branched by long chains.
  • the polymer formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, washed with ethanol and added to constant weight in a vacuum drying cabinet
  • High temperature GPC / viscometry coupling The polymer is branched by long chains.
  • the polymer formed was stirred with ethanol / hydrochloric acid 90/10, filtered, washed with ethanol and added to constant weight in a vacuum drying cabinet
  • the copolymer composition was:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des composés dans lesquels un métal de transition est complexé avec deux systèmes de ligands, et ces deux systèmes sont reliés l'un à l'autre de manière réversible par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un pont composé d'un donneur et d'un accepteur, au moins un substituant du groupe accepteur étant un reste aryle fluoré. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation de ces composés en tant que catalyseurs, ainsi qu'un procédé de polymérisation d'oléfines.
EP02722217A 2001-03-23 2002-03-14 Catalyseurs presentant une interaction donneur-accepteur Withdrawn EP1373284A1 (fr)

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DE10114345 2001-03-23
DE10114345A DE10114345A1 (de) 2001-03-23 2001-03-23 Katalysator mit einer Donor-Akzeptor-Wechselwirkung
PCT/EP2002/002831 WO2002076999A1 (fr) 2001-03-23 2002-03-14 Catalyseurs presentant une interaction donneur-accepteur

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CA (1) CA2441337A1 (fr)
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US8338325B2 (en) * 2002-08-15 2012-12-25 Velocys, Inc. Tethered catalyst processes in microchannel reactors and systems containing a tethered catalyst or tethered chiral auxiliary
DE10244214A1 (de) * 2002-09-23 2004-04-01 Bayer Ag Übergangsmetallverbindungen mit Donor-Akzeptor-Wechselwirkung und speziellem Substitutionsmuster
DE10244213A1 (de) * 2002-09-23 2004-04-01 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Homo-, Copolymeren und/oder Blockcopolymeren mit Metallocenen mit einer Donor-Akzeptor-Wechselwirkung nach der lebenden Polymerisation
EP1894938A1 (fr) 2006-08-31 2008-03-05 Evonik Degussa GmbH Composés de phosphines substitués avec cyclopentadiényl, indényl et fluorényl, et leur utilisation en réaction catalytique
DE102008005947A1 (de) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Polyolefine mit Ataktischen Strukturelementen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
DE102009027446A1 (de) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-05 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Modifizierte Polyolefine mit besonderem Eigenschaftsprofil, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
CN108794675B (zh) 2014-03-21 2020-12-29 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 乙烯丙烯共聚物的制备方法

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US20030036474A1 (en) 2003-02-20
JP2004534740A (ja) 2004-11-18
US6657027B2 (en) 2003-12-02
CA2441337A1 (fr) 2002-10-03
DE10114345A1 (de) 2002-09-26
WO2002076999A1 (fr) 2002-10-03

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