EP1371045B1 - Device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor in a controller - Google Patents

Device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor in a controller Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1371045B1
EP1371045B1 EP02704577.2A EP02704577A EP1371045B1 EP 1371045 B1 EP1371045 B1 EP 1371045B1 EP 02704577 A EP02704577 A EP 02704577A EP 1371045 B1 EP1371045 B1 EP 1371045B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
sensor
interface module
processor
sensors
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EP02704577.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1371045A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Otterbach
Peter Taufer
Harald Tschentscher
Davor Lukacic
Bernhard Straub
Michael Ulmer
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor of a control device according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • a general computer that connects to vehicle sensors via an interface unit.
  • the data from the vehicle sensors are preprocessed by the interface unit and stored in a memory from which the general computer can extract the data.
  • Out EP 924 622 A a converter circuit is known which allows asynchronous data transmission in a synchronous data transmission in a vehicle, wherein the synchronous data transmission is carried out, for example, by a synchronous bus. If not all bits are occupied by user data in a data telegram, they are padded by zeros.
  • the inventive device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor of a control device with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that an interface module is present, the first data telegrams from multiple vehicle sensors can receive and extracts the data from the first data telegrams, reformatted and in second Data telegrams to the processor within the controller synchronously forwarded. This makes it possible for different sensors to receive data at the same time the control unit to be transmitted, with different formats for the individual data messages between the interface module and the sensors can be used.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore extremely flexible and expandable.
  • a memory of the interface module is present, which is used for the buffering of sensor data, so that a processor can retrieve old or new sensor data. This is particularly advantageous if a sensor fails and thus the previous sensor data are still available for further processing. This case can occur in particular in the event of a crash in which vehicle sensors arranged peripherally in the vehicle are damaged by an impact.
  • the data field of the second data telegram is optionally filled with zeros if less data was contained in the respective data telegram from the sensor than the data field has space. This advantageously always the same data telegram format for the processor can be used. This leads to a simplified data processing.
  • the interface module receives the data telegrams from the vehicle sensors in 13-bit data frames and thereby counts out the edges of the data telegrams in order to recognize the data telegrams.
  • the vehicle sensors are advantageously supplied by the interface module with electrical energy, in which case the data transmission is used by a current modulation on the serving for energy supply DC power.
  • the current modulation is less sensitive to EMC problems.
  • a Manchester encoding is used so that only two different levels of current are used.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a flow chart of a method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 a data telegram frame of a sensor
  • FIG. 4 the assignment of the data to an SPI data field
  • FIG. 5 an SPI data frame
  • FIG. 6 an SPI line.
  • an interface module is provided according to the invention, which receives the individual data telegrams from the vehicle sensors and reformats the data in SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) data telegrams to then in such SPI data telegrams to transfer the processor.
  • SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
  • the interface module is advantageously connected to a memory which temporarily stores sensor data and allows an age bit, that the processor selects whether the current sensor data or the previous sensor data are transmitted to him. The SPI data telegrams are therefore not only transmitted from the interface module to the processor, but vice versa.
  • the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) transmission is the data transmission between a master, a processor, and multiple slaves, these are the individual components in a control unit such as the interface module according to the invention or a Zündnikan Griffinung used for monitoring and ignition of the ignition means for the retaining means becomes.
  • the SPI transmission is a bidirectional and synchronous transmission.
  • FIG. 6 shows an SPI line, which itself has five individual lines. Since it is a synchronous transmission, a clock line marked Clk is present.
  • the MOSI (master-out-slave-in) line is present, for the data transmission from a slave to the master, however, the MISO (master-in-slave-out) line is present .
  • the CS (Chip Select) line is used.
  • an enable line here marked EN, is used. The SPI line goes out from the master and then branches to the individual slaves, but the SPI line always has the five individual lines.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram of the device according to the invention is shown.
  • a sensor 1 for example an acceleration sensor, as a peripheral sensor is connected to a first data input via a data output Interface module 3 connected.
  • a sensor 2, here a pressure sensor, is connected to the interface module 3 via a second input of the interface module 3.
  • the interface module 3 has a memory 4.
  • the interface module 3 is connected to a processor 5 via a first data input / output.
  • an SPI line 6 is used here.
  • the SPI line 6 branches from the processor 5 also to a Zünd Vietnamesemaschineung 51.
  • the processor 5, the interface module 3, the SPI line 6, the Zündnikan Kunststoffung 51 and the memory 4 are elements of a control unit 7.
  • the control unit 7 is here for Control of restraint systems used. However, other applications are conceivable.
  • the interface module 3 has means for data transmission and means for signal processing in order to perform the task of reformatting. For a synchronization, a flow control and the memory 4 are available. Furthermore, the interface module 3 has a power source to supply the vehicle sensors 1 and 2 with electrical energy.
  • the connection to the sensors 1 and 2 can also be realized via a bus, wherein in addition to the sensors 1 and 2 and other sensors to the interface module 3 can be connected.
  • the sensors 1 and 2 transmit their sensor data asynchronously in data telegrams to the interface module 3, which extracts the user data from these data telegrams and reformatted into SPI data telegrams, which are then transmitted via the SPI line 6 to the processor 5.
  • Sensors 1 and 2 immediately begin their asynchronous data transfer as soon as they are powered up.
  • the power supply is here via the lines of the interface module 3 to the sensors 1 and 2 instead.
  • a direct current is used, on which then modulate the sensors of their data.
  • a Manchester encoding is used in which is switched between two current levels back and forth.
  • the interface module 3 temporarily stores the received sensor data of a data telegram in the memory 4, so that the current sensor data of a sensor and the preceding sensor data are present in the memory 4 in the interface module 3 for the processor 5.
  • the processor 5 can access the sensor data which the sensor had still generated before its failure in the event of a loss of the sensor.
  • FIG. 2 is shown as a flow chart of the flow of the device according to the invention.
  • sensors 1 and 2 asynchronously send their sensor data to interface module 3 in first data telegrams after they have been supplied with electrical energy via the line via which the data telegrams are sent. There is therefore a powerline data transmission.
  • the interface module 3 recognizes the individual data telegrams on the basis of the counting of the edges of the pulses. It is possible here that the interface module 3 is informed by further signals of which sensors send data telegrams.
  • the interface module 3 stores the sensor data in the memory 4, wherein it stores the current sensor value for each sensor 1 and 2 stores previous sensor value.
  • the data is reformatted by the interface module 3, in that the interface module 3 transfers the sensor data into the data fields of SPI frames and optionally fills up empty spaces in the SPI data field with zeros.
  • the zeroes are recognized by the processor 5 as empty information.
  • the transmission takes place in an SPI data telegram.
  • the processing of the sensor data thus transmitted is carried out by the processor 5, for example, whether the restraint systems are to be activated or not.
  • the processor 5 calculates here the triggering algorithm for the connected restraint systems. If the sensor data indicate a crash, then, according to the crash severity, which can likewise be derived from the sensor data, an activation of the restraint systems takes place.
  • FIG. 3 is a data frame is transmitted from the sensor 1 or sensor 2 to the interface module 3, shown.
  • the data frame consists of 13 bits and is subdivided in the following way: first two start bits marked S1 and S2 are provided, to the 10 data bits follow, which include the acceleration data.
  • the data bits are numbered D0 to D9.
  • the conclusion of the data frame is formed by a parity bit for checking the plausibility of the data transmitted in the data telegram.
  • a bit duration is here for example provided with 8 microseconds, while the time t tran is specified as 88 microseconds and the total time of the data telegram t pas is specified as 28 microseconds.
  • a Manchester encoding is performed, with each bit duration divided into two equal intervals.
  • a logical 1 is represented by the fact that the current is high in the first half and low in the second half.
  • a logical 0 is transmitted by firstly the current being low and then high. This scheme guarantees that each bit duration has a transition in its middle, which makes the synchronization for the receiver, ie the interface module 3 simple.
  • the current modulation achieves better immunity to EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility).
  • FIG. 4 It is shown how the seven data bits of a data telegram of a sensor, here the sensor 2 are transmitted in the 10 data bits of the SPI data field. Since the SPI data field has two bits more than the 8 data of the sensor data telegram, the first two bits are set with zeros. It must be ensured that the data telegrams of the sensors each have fewer or at most as many data bits as the SPI data telegrams have.
  • FIG. 5 such a data telegram of an SPI data frame is shown. It starts with a start bit SI followed by a synchronization bit 15 set with a 1. Bits 14 and 13 form the channel address while bit 12 is the age bit. Here the age bit is set to 0, meaning the sensor is the newest Sensor value from the interface module 3 requests. Bits 11 and 10 are further formatting data, which is then followed by the 10 data bits comprising the actual sensor data.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung zur Datenübertragung zwischen Fahrzeugsensoren und einem Prozessor eines Steuergeräts nach der Gattung des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs.The invention relates to a device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor of a control device according to the preamble of the independent claim.

Es ist bereits bekannt, spezielle Datentelegramme zu benutzen, um zwischen einem Sensor und einem Prozessor in einem Steuergerät Daten zu übertragen.It is already known to use special data telegrams to transfer data between a sensor and a processor in a control unit.

Aus US 5,734,569 ist ein allgemeiner Computer bekannt, der über eine Schnittstelleneinheit mit Fahrzeugsensoren verbunden wird. Die Daten von den Fahrzeugsensoren werden von der Schnittstelleneinheit vorverarbeitet und in einem Speicher abgelegt aus dem der allgemeine Computer die Daten entnehmen kann. Aus EP 924 622 A ist eine Wandlerschaltung bekannt, die eine asynchrone Datenübertragung in eine synchrone Datenübertragung in einem Fahrzeug ermöglicht, wobei die synchrone Datenübertragung beispielsweise durch einen synchronen Bus ausgeführt wird. Werden in einem Datentelegramm nicht alle Bits durch Nutzdaten besetzt, erfolgt eine Auffüllung durch Nullen.Out US 5,734,569 For example, a general computer is known that connects to vehicle sensors via an interface unit. The data from the vehicle sensors are preprocessed by the interface unit and stored in a memory from which the general computer can extract the data. Out EP 924 622 A For example, a converter circuit is known which allows asynchronous data transmission in a synchronous data transmission in a vehicle, wherein the synchronous data transmission is carried out, for example, by a synchronous bus. If not all bits are occupied by user data in a data telegram, they are padded by zeros.

Es ist Aufgabe dieser Erfindung, eine zuverlässige Datenübertragung zwischen Fahrzeugsensoren und einem Steuergerät auszubilden.It is an object of this invention to form a reliable data transmission between vehicle sensors and a control unit.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Datenübertragung zwischen Fahrzeugsensoren und einem Prozessor eines Steuergeräts mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass ein Schnittstellenbaustein vorhanden ist, der erste Datentelegramme von mehreren Fahrzeugsensoren empfangen kann und aus den ersten Datentelegrammen die Daten entnimmt, umformatiert und in zweite Datentelegrammen zu dem Prozessor innerhalb des Steuergeräts synchron weiter versendet. Damit ist es möglich, verschiedene Sensoren gleichzeitig Daten zu dem Steuergerät übertragen zu lassen, wobei unterschiedliche Formate für die einzelnen Datentelegramme zwischen dem Schnittstellenbaustein und den Sensoren verwendbar sind. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist daher äußerst flexibel und erweiterbar.The inventive device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor of a control device with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that an interface module is present, the first data telegrams from multiple vehicle sensors can receive and extracts the data from the first data telegrams, reformatted and in second Data telegrams to the processor within the controller synchronously forwarded. This makes it possible for different sensors to receive data at the same time the control unit to be transmitted, with different formats for the individual data messages between the interface module and the sensors can be used. The device according to the invention is therefore extremely flexible and expandable.

Darüber hinaus ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass ein Speicher des Schnittstellenbausteins vorhanden ist, der zur Zwischenspeicherung von Sensordaten verwendet wird, so dass ein Prozessor alte oder neue Sensordaten abrufen kann. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn ein Sensor ausfällt und damit die vorhergehenden Sensordaten noch für eine weitere Verarbeitung zur Verfügung stehen. Dieser Fall kann insbesondere bei einem Crash vorkommen, bei dem im Fahrzeug peripher angeordnete Fahrzeugsensoren durch einen Aufprall beschädigt werden.Moreover, it is according to the invention that a memory of the interface module is present, which is used for the buffering of sensor data, so that a processor can retrieve old or new sensor data. This is particularly advantageous if a sensor fails and thus the previous sensor data are still available for further processing. This case can occur in particular in the event of a crash in which vehicle sensors arranged peripherally in the vehicle are damaged by an impact.

Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen und Weiterbildungen sind vorteilhafte Verbesserungen der im unabhängigen Patentanspruch angegebenen Vorrichtung zur Datenübertragung zwischen Fahrzeugsensoren und einem Prozessor eines Steuergeräts möglich.The measures and refinements recited in the dependent claims, advantageous improvements of the independent claim device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor of a control unit are possible.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass das Datenfeld des zweiten Datentelegramms gegebenenfalls durch Nullen aufgefüllt wird, wenn im jeweiligen Datentelegramm vom Sensor weniger Daten enthalten waren, als das Datenfeld Platz aufweist. Damit ist vorteilhafter Weise immer das gleiche Datentelegrammformat für den Prozessor verwendbar. Dies führt zu einer vereinfachten Datenverarbeitung.It is particularly advantageous that the data field of the second data telegram is optionally filled with zeros if less data was contained in the respective data telegram from the sensor than the data field has space. This advantageously always the same data telegram format for the processor can be used. This leads to a simplified data processing.

Es ist schließlich auch von Vorteil, dass der Schnittstellenbaustein die Datentelegramme von den Fahrzeugsensoren in 13-Bit-Datenrahmen empfängt und dabei die Flanken der Datentelegramme auszählt, um die Datentelegramme zu erkennen.Finally, it is also advantageous that the interface module receives the data telegrams from the vehicle sensors in 13-bit data frames and thereby counts out the edges of the data telegrams in order to recognize the data telegrams.

Die Fahrzeugsensoren werden vorteilhafterweise von dem Schnittstellenbaustein mit elektrischer Energie versorgt, wobei dann die Datenübertragung durch eine Strommodulation auf dem zu Energieversorgung dienenden Gleichstrom dient. Die Strommodulation ist gegenüber EMV-Problemen unempfindlicher. Weiterhin wird eine Manchestercodierung verwendet, so dass nur zwei verschiedene Strompegel verwendet werden.The vehicle sensors are advantageously supplied by the interface module with electrical energy, in which case the data transmission is used by a current modulation on the serving for energy supply DC power. The current modulation is less sensitive to EMC problems. Furthermore, a Manchester encoding is used so that only two different levels of current are used.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt Figur 1 ein Blockschaltbild der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, Figur 2 ein Flußdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, Figur 3 ein Datentelegrammrahmen eines Sensors, Figur 4 die Zuordnung der Daten auf ein SPI-Datenfeld, Figur 5 einen SPI-Datenrahmen und Figur 6 eine SPI-Leitung.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description. It shows FIG. 1 a block diagram of the device according to the invention, FIG. 2 a flow chart of a method according to the invention, FIG. 3 a data telegram frame of a sensor, FIG. 4 the assignment of the data to an SPI data field, FIG. 5 an SPI data frame and FIG. 6 an SPI line.

Beschreibungdescription

Durch die zunehmende Integration von immer mehr Sensoren in das Kraftfahrzeug, die zur Sensierung für einen Fahrzeugaufprall verwendet werden, ist es notwendig, auch für zukünftige Sensoren mit geänderten Datentelegrammen die Möglichkeit zu eröffnen, dem Prozessor eines vorhandenen Steuergeräts Daten zu übertragen. Dafür wird erfindungsgemäß ein Schnittstellenbaustein vorgesehen, der die einzelnen Datentelegramme von den Fahrzeugsensoren empfängt und die Daten in SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Datentelegramme umformatiert, um sie dann in solchen SPI-Datentelegrammen an den Prozessor zu übertragen. Dabei ist der Schnittstellenbaustein vorteilhafterweise mit einem Speicher verbunden, der Sensordaten zwischenspeichert und es ein Altersbit ermöglicht, dass der Prozessor auswählt, ob die aktuellen Sensordaten oder die vorangegangenen Sensordaten zu ihm übertragen werden. Die SPI-Datentelegramme werden daher nicht nur vom Schnittstellenbaustein zu dem Prozessor übertragen, sondern auch umgekehrt.Due to the increasing integration of more and more sensors in the motor vehicle, which are used to sense for a vehicle collision, it is necessary to open for future sensors with changed data telegrams the ability to transmit data to the processor of an existing controller. For this purpose, an interface module is provided according to the invention, which receives the individual data telegrams from the vehicle sensors and reformats the data in SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) data telegrams to then in such SPI data telegrams to transfer the processor. In this case, the interface module is advantageously connected to a memory which temporarily stores sensor data and allows an age bit, that the processor selects whether the current sensor data or the previous sensor data are transmitted to him. The SPI data telegrams are therefore not only transmitted from the interface module to the processor, but vice versa.

Die SPI (Serial Peripherial Interface)-Übertragung ist die Datenübertragung zwischen einem Master, einem Prozessor, und mehreren Slaves, das sind die einzelnen Bausteine in einem Steuergerät wie der erfindungsgemäße Schnittstellenbaustein oder eine Zündkreisansteuerung, die zur Überwachung und Zündung der Zündmittel für die Rückhaltemittel verwendet wird. Die SPI-Übetragung ist eine bidirektionale und synnchrone Übertragung. Figur 6 zeigt eine SPI-Leitung, die selbst fünf einzelne Leitungen aufweist. Da es sich um eine synchrone Übertragung handelt, ist eine Taktleitung mit Clk gekennzeichnet vorhanden. Für die Datenübertragung von dem Master zu einem Slave ist die MOSI (Master-Out-Slave-In)-Leitung vorhanden, für die Datenübertragung von einem Slave zu dem Master ist hingegen die MISO (Master-In-Slave-Out)-Leitung vorhanden. Um den entsprechenden Slave auszuwählen, wird die CS (Chip Select) Leitung verwendet. Um die SPI-Datenübertragung freizugeben, wird eine Enable-Leitung, hier mit EN gekennzeichnet, verwendet. Die SPI-Leitung geht vom Master aus und verzweigt sich dann zu den einzelnen Slaves, wobei die SPI-Leitung aber immer die fünf einzelnen Leitungen aufweist.The SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) transmission is the data transmission between a master, a processor, and multiple slaves, these are the individual components in a control unit such as the interface module according to the invention or a Zündkreisansteuerung used for monitoring and ignition of the ignition means for the retaining means becomes. The SPI transmission is a bidirectional and synchronous transmission. FIG. 6 shows an SPI line, which itself has five individual lines. Since it is a synchronous transmission, a clock line marked Clk is present. For the data transmission from the master to a slave, the MOSI (master-out-slave-in) line is present, for the data transmission from a slave to the master, however, the MISO (master-in-slave-out) line is present , To select the corresponding slave, the CS (Chip Select) line is used. To enable SPI data transfer, an enable line, here marked EN, is used. The SPI line goes out from the master and then branches to the individual slaves, but the SPI line always has the five individual lines.

In Figur 1 ist ein Blockschaltbild der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dargestellt. Ein Sensor 1, beispielsweise ein Beschleunigungssensor, als peripherer Sensor ist über einen Datenausgang an einen ersten Dateneingang eines Schnittstellenbausteins 3 angeschlossen. Ein Sensor 2, hier ein Drucksensor, ist über einen zweiten Eingang des Schnittstellenbausteins 3 mit dem Schnittstellenbaustein 3 verbunden. Der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 weist einen Speicher 4 auf. Über einen ersten Datenein-/-ausgang ist der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 mit einem Prozessor 5 verbunden. Dabei wird hier eine SPI-Leitung 6 eingesetzt. Die SPI-Leitung 6 verzweigt sich vom Prozessor 5 auch zu einer Zündkreisansteuerung 51. Der Prozessor 5, der Schnittstellenbaustein 3, die SPI-Leitung 6, die Zündkreisansteuerung 51 und der Speicher 4 sind Elemente eines Steuergeräts 7. Das Steuergerät 7 wird hier für die Steuerung von Rückhaltesystemen eingesetzt. Es sind jedoch auch andere Anwendungsgebiete denkbar.In FIG. 1 a block diagram of the device according to the invention is shown. A sensor 1, for example an acceleration sensor, as a peripheral sensor is connected to a first data input via a data output Interface module 3 connected. A sensor 2, here a pressure sensor, is connected to the interface module 3 via a second input of the interface module 3. The interface module 3 has a memory 4. The interface module 3 is connected to a processor 5 via a first data input / output. Here, an SPI line 6 is used here. The SPI line 6 branches from the processor 5 also to a Zündkreisansteuerung 51. The processor 5, the interface module 3, the SPI line 6, the Zündkreisansteuerung 51 and the memory 4 are elements of a control unit 7. The control unit 7 is here for Control of restraint systems used. However, other applications are conceivable.

Der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 weist Mittel zur Datenübertragung und Mittel zur Signalverarbeitung auf, um die Aufgabe der Umformatierung vornehmen zu können. Dafür liegen eine Synchronisation, eine Ablaufsteuerung und der Speicher 4 vor. Weiterhin weist der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 eine Stromquelle auf, um die Fahrzeugsensoren 1 und 2 mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen.The interface module 3 has means for data transmission and means for signal processing in order to perform the task of reformatting. For a synchronization, a flow control and the memory 4 are available. Furthermore, the interface module 3 has a power source to supply the vehicle sensors 1 and 2 with electrical energy.

Die Verbindung zu den Sensoren 1 und 2 kann auch über einen Bus realisiert sein, wobei neben den Sensoren 1 und 2 auch weitere Sensoren an den Schnittstellenbaustein 3 anschließbar sind. Die Sensoren 1 und 2 übertragen ihre Sensordaten asynchron in Datentelegrammen an den Schnittstellenbaustein 3, der aus diesen Datentelegrammen die Nutzdaten entnimmt und in SPI-Datentelegramme umformatiert, die dann über die SPI-Leitung 6 an den Prozessor 5 übertragen werden. Die Sensoren 1 und 2 beginnen sofort mit ihrer asynchronen Datenübertragung, sobald sie mit Energie versorgt werden. Die Energieversorgung findet hier über die Leitungen von dem Schnittstellenbaustein 3 zu den Sensoren 1 und 2 statt. Dabei wird hier ein Gleichstrom verwendet, auf dem dann die Sensoren ihrer Daten modulieren. Hier wird dabei eine Manchestercodierung verwendet, bei der zwischen zwei Strompegeln hin- und hergeschaltet wird. Es findet also abgesehen von der Energieversorgung nur eine unidirektionale Datenübertragung von den Sensoren 1 und 2 zu dem Schnittstellenbaustein 3 statt.The connection to the sensors 1 and 2 can also be realized via a bus, wherein in addition to the sensors 1 and 2 and other sensors to the interface module 3 can be connected. The sensors 1 and 2 transmit their sensor data asynchronously in data telegrams to the interface module 3, which extracts the user data from these data telegrams and reformatted into SPI data telegrams, which are then transmitted via the SPI line 6 to the processor 5. Sensors 1 and 2 immediately begin their asynchronous data transfer as soon as they are powered up. The power supply is here via the lines of the interface module 3 to the sensors 1 and 2 instead. Here, a direct current is used, on which then modulate the sensors of their data. Here, a Manchester encoding is used in which is switched between two current levels back and forth. Thus, apart from the power supply, only unidirectional data transmission from the sensors 1 and 2 to the interface module 3 takes place.

Dabei nimmt der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 eine Zwischenspeicherung der empfangenen Sensordaten eines Datentelegramms im Speicher 4 vor, so dass für den Prozessor 5 jeweils die aktuellen Sensordaten eines Sensors und die vorangegangenen Sensordaten im Speicher 4 im Schnittstellenbaustein 3 vorliegen. Damit kann der Prozessor 5 bei einem Verlust des Sensors auf die Sensordaten zugreifen, die der Sensor vor seinem Ausfall noch erzeugt hatte.In this case, the interface module 3 temporarily stores the received sensor data of a data telegram in the memory 4, so that the current sensor data of a sensor and the preceding sensor data are present in the memory 4 in the interface module 3 for the processor 5. In this way, the processor 5 can access the sensor data which the sensor had still generated before its failure in the event of a loss of the sensor.

In Figur 2 ist als Flußdiagramm der Ablauf der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dargestellt. In Verfahrensschritt 8 senden die Sensoren 1 und 2 in ersten Datentelegrammen asynchron ihre Sensordaten an den Schnittstellenbaustein 3, nachdem sie über die Leitung, über die die Datentelegramme versendet werden, mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wurden. Es findet demnach eine Powerline-Datenübertragung statt. In Verfahrensschritt 9 erkennt der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 anhand des Durchzählens der Flanken der Impulse die einzelnen Datentelegramme. Dabei ist es hier möglich, dass der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 durch weitere Signale davon informiert wird, welche Sensoren Datentelegramme senden.In FIG. 2 is shown as a flow chart of the flow of the device according to the invention. In method step 8, sensors 1 and 2 asynchronously send their sensor data to interface module 3 in first data telegrams after they have been supplied with electrical energy via the line via which the data telegrams are sent. There is therefore a powerline data transmission. In method step 9, the interface module 3 recognizes the individual data telegrams on the basis of the counting of the edges of the pulses. It is possible here that the interface module 3 is informed by further signals of which sensors send data telegrams.

In Verfahrensschritt 10 speichert der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 die Sensordaten im Speicher 4 ab, wobei er jeweils für jeden Sensor 1 und 2 den aktuellen Sensorwert und den vorangegangenen Sensorwert abspeichert. In Verfahrensschritt 14 wird nun überprüft, ob die neuesten Sensordaten oder die vorangegangenen Sensordaten aus dem Speicher 4 in SPI-Rahmen synchron über die SPI-Leitung 6 an den Prozessor 5 übertragen werden sollen. Dies wird daran erkannt, ob der Prozessor 5 ein Altersbit über ein SPI-Datentelegramm über die MOSI-Leitung gesetzt hat oder nicht. Ist das der Fall, dann holt der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 aus dem Speicher 4 in Verfahrensschritt 16 die neuesten Daten. Ist das nicht der Fall, dann holt in Verfahrensschritt 15 der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 die vorangegangenen Sensordaten aus dem Speicher 4.In method step 10, the interface module 3 stores the sensor data in the memory 4, wherein it stores the current sensor value for each sensor 1 and 2 stores previous sensor value. In method step 14, it is then checked whether the latest sensor data or the preceding sensor data from memory 4 in SPI frames are to be transmitted synchronously to processor 5 via SPI line 6. This is recognized by whether or not the processor 5 has set a retirement bit via an SPI data telegram via the MOSI line. If this is the case, then the interface module 3 retrieves from the memory 4 in method step 16 the latest data. If this is not the case then in step 15 of the interface module 3 fetches the previous sensor data from the memory 4.

In Verfahrensschritt 11 erfolgt die Umformatierung der Daten durch den Schnittstellenbaustein 3, indem der Schnittstellenbaustein 3 die Sensordaten in die Datenfelder von SPI-Rahmen überträgt und gegebenenfalls Leerstellen im SPI-Datenfeld durch Nullen auffüllt. Die Nullen sind vom Prozessor 5 als Leerinformationen erkannt. Mit den ausgewählten Sensordaten erfolgt in Verfahrensschritt 12 die Übertragung in einem SPI-Datentelegramm. In Verfahrensschritt 13 erfolgt die Verarbeitung der so übertragenen Sensordaten von dem Prozessor 5, beispielsweise ob die Rückhaltesysteme angesteuert werden sollen oder nicht. Der Prozessor 5 rechnet hier den Auslösealgorithmus für die angeschlossenen Rückhaltesysteme. Zeigen die Sensordaten einen Crash an, dann erfolgt eintsprechend der Crashschwere, die ebenfalls aus den Sensordaten ableitbar ist, eine Ansteuerung der Rückhaltesysteme.In method step 11, the data is reformatted by the interface module 3, in that the interface module 3 transfers the sensor data into the data fields of SPI frames and optionally fills up empty spaces in the SPI data field with zeros. The zeroes are recognized by the processor 5 as empty information. With the selected sensor data in step 12, the transmission takes place in an SPI data telegram. In method step 13, the processing of the sensor data thus transmitted is carried out by the processor 5, for example, whether the restraint systems are to be activated or not. The processor 5 calculates here the triggering algorithm for the connected restraint systems. If the sensor data indicate a crash, then, according to the crash severity, which can likewise be derived from the sensor data, an activation of the restraint systems takes place.

In Figur 3 ist ein Datenrahmen der vom Sensor 1 oder Sensor 2 zu dem Schnittstellenbaustein 3 übertragen wird, dargestellt. Der Datenrahmen besteht aus 13 Bit und ist in folgender Weise unterteilt: zunächst sind zwei Startbits markiert mit S1 und S2 vorgesehen, auf die 10 Datenbits folgen, die die Beschleunigungsdaten umfassen. Die Datenbits sind mit D0 bis D9 durchnumeriert. Der Abschluß des Datenrahmens ist durch ein Parity-Bit zur Plausibilitätsüberprüfung der im Datentelegramm übertragenen Daten gebildet. Eine Bitdauer ist hier beispielsweise mit 8 Mikrosekunden vorgesehen, während die Zeit ttran mit 88 Mikrosekunden angegeben ist und die Gesamtzeit des Datentelegramm tpas mit 28 Mikrosekunden angegeben wird. Es wird eine Manchester-Codierung vorgenommen, wobei dabei jede Bitdauer in zwei gleichlange Intervalle aufgeteilt wird. Eine logische 1 wird dabei dadurch repräsentiert, dass in der ersten Hälfte der Strom hoch ist und in der zweiten Hälfte niedrig. Eine logische 0 wird dagegen dadurch übertragen, dass zunächst der Strom niedrig und dann hoch ist. Dieses Schema garantiert, dass jede Bitdauer einen Übergang in ihrer Mitte aufweist, was die Synchronisierung für den Empfänger, also den Schnittstellenbaustein 3 einfach macht. Durch die Strommodulation wird eine bessere Festigkeit gegenüber EMV (Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit) erreicht.In FIG. 3 is a data frame is transmitted from the sensor 1 or sensor 2 to the interface module 3, shown. The data frame consists of 13 bits and is subdivided in the following way: first two start bits marked S1 and S2 are provided, to the 10 data bits follow, which include the acceleration data. The data bits are numbered D0 to D9. The conclusion of the data frame is formed by a parity bit for checking the plausibility of the data transmitted in the data telegram. A bit duration is here for example provided with 8 microseconds, while the time t tran is specified as 88 microseconds and the total time of the data telegram t pas is specified as 28 microseconds. A Manchester encoding is performed, with each bit duration divided into two equal intervals. A logical 1 is represented by the fact that the current is high in the first half and low in the second half. On the other hand, a logical 0 is transmitted by firstly the current being low and then high. This scheme guarantees that each bit duration has a transition in its middle, which makes the synchronization for the receiver, ie the interface module 3 simple. The current modulation achieves better immunity to EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility).

In Figur 4 ist dargestellt, wie die sieben Datenbits eines Datentelegramms eines Sensors, hier des Sensors 2 in die 10 Datenbits des SPI-Datenfelds übertragen werden. Da das SPI-Datenfeld zwei Bits mehr hat als die 8 Daten des Sensordatentelegramms werden die ersten beiden Bits mit Nullen gesetzt. Es ist dabei zu gewährleisten, dass die Datenetelegramme der Sensoren jeweils weniger oder höchstens soviel Datenbits aufweisen, wie die SPI-Datentelegramme haben. In Figur 5 ist ein solches Datentelegramm eines SPI-Datenrahmens dargestellt. Es beginnt mit einem Startbit SI auf das ein Synchronisationsbit 15, das mit einer 1 gesetzt ist, folgt. Die Bits 14 und 13 bilden die Kanaladresse, während das Bit 12 das Altersbit ist. Hier ist das Altersbit mit 0 gesetzt und bedeutet, dass der Sensor den neuesten Sensorwert von dem Schnittstellenbaustein 3 anfordert. Die Bits 11 und 10 sind weitere Formatierungsdaten, auf die dann die 10 Datenbits folgen, die die eigentlichen Sensordaten aufweisen.In FIG. 4 It is shown how the seven data bits of a data telegram of a sensor, here the sensor 2 are transmitted in the 10 data bits of the SPI data field. Since the SPI data field has two bits more than the 8 data of the sensor data telegram, the first two bits are set with zeros. It must be ensured that the data telegrams of the sensors each have fewer or at most as many data bits as the SPI data telegrams have. In FIG. 5 such a data telegram of an SPI data frame is shown. It starts with a start bit SI followed by a synchronization bit 15 set with a 1. Bits 14 and 13 form the channel address while bit 12 is the age bit. Here the age bit is set to 0, meaning the sensor is the newest Sensor value from the interface module 3 requests. Bits 11 and 10 are further formatting data, which is then followed by the 10 data bits comprising the actual sensor data.

Claims (6)

  1. Apparatus for transmitting data between vehicle sensors and a control device (7), the data being transmitted asynchronously from a respective vehicle sensor to the control device using a first data message, the control device (7) having an interface module (3) which decodes the first data message containing sensor data from the respective vehicle sensor (1, 2) and reformats it into a second data message, and the interface module (3) transmitting the second data message synchronously to the processor (5) of the control device (7), the interface module (3) having a memory (4) for buffering the sensor data, characterized in that the second data message has an age bit for selecting the sensor data from the respective vehicle sensor (1, 2), the memory (4) having a first data field for old sensor data and a second data field for new sensor data for each vehicle sensor (1, 2), and the processor (5) setting the age bit.
  2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the interface module (3) respectively maps the sensor data to a data field of the second data message, the interface module (3) adding missing data.
  3. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interface module (3) receives the first data message from the respective vehicle sensor in 13-bit data frames, and in that the interface module (3) counts the edges of the data messages in order to detect the data messages.
  4. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interface module (3) supplies the vehicle sensors (1, 2) with electrical energy.
  5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective first vehicle sensor (1, 2) generates the first data message by means of current modulation.
  6. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective vehicle sensor (1, 2) uses Manchester coding for the first data message.
EP02704577.2A 2001-03-09 2002-01-11 Device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor in a controller Expired - Lifetime EP1371045B1 (en)

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PCT/DE2002/000069 WO2002073568A1 (en) 2001-03-09 2002-01-11 Device for data transmission between vehicle sensors and a processor in a controller

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WO2002073568A1 (en) 2002-09-19
US20030171853A1 (en) 2003-09-11
DE10111265A1 (en) 2002-09-12
JP4065783B2 (en) 2008-03-26

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